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Journal articles on the topic 'Cycle diurne de la convection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Bellenger, H., Y. N. Takayabu, T. Ushiyama, and K. Yoneyama. "Role of Diurnal Warm Layers in the Diurnal Cycle of Convection over the Tropical Indian Ocean during MISMO." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 6 (2010): 2426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3249.1.

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Abstract The role of air–sea interaction in the diurnal variations of convective activity during the suppressed and developing stages of an intraseasonal convective event is analyzed using in situ observations from the Mirai Indian Ocean cruise for the Study of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO)-convection Onset (MISMO) experiment. For the whole period, convection shows a clear average diurnal cycle with a primary maximum in the early morning and a secondary one in the afternoon. Episodes of large diurnal sea surface temperature (SST) variations are observed because of diurnal warm layer (DWL

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2

Chen, Guixing, Weiming Sha, Toshiki Iwasaki, and Zhiping Wen. "Diurnal Cycle of a Heavy Rainfall Corridor over East Asia." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 8 (2017): 3365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0423.1.

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Moist convection occurred repeatedly in the midnight-to-morning hours of 11–16 June 1998 and yielded excessive rainfall in a narrow latitudinal corridor over East Asia, causing severe flood. Numerical experiments and composite analyses of a 5-day period are performed to examine the mechanisms governing nocturnal convection. Both simulations and observations show that a train of MCSs concurrently developed along a quasi-stationary mei-yu front and coincided with the impact of a monsoon surge on a frontogenetic zone at night. This process was regulated primarily by a nocturnal low-level jet (NLL

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3

Keller, Michael, Oliver Fuhrer, Juerg Schmidli, Martin Stengel, Reto Stöckli, and Christoph Schär. "Evaluation of convection-resolving models using satellite data: The diurnal cycle of summer convection over the Alps." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 25, no. 2 (2016): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2015/0715.

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4

Pereira, L. Gustavo, and Steven A. Rutledge. "Diurnal Cycle of Shallow and Deep Convection for a Tropical Land and an Ocean Environment and Its Relationship to Synoptic Wind Regimes." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 10 (2006): 2688–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3181.1.

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Abstract The characteristics of shallow and deep convection during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (TRMM/LBA) and the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate Processes in the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere System (EPIC) are evaluated in this study. Using high-quality radar data collected during these two tropical field experiments, the reflectivity profiles, rain rates, fraction of convective area, and fraction of rainfall volume in each region are examined. This study focuses on the diurnal cycle of shallow and deep convection for the

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5

Ruppert, James H., and Cathy Hohenegger. "Diurnal Circulation Adjustment and Organized Deep Convection." Journal of Climate 31, no. 12 (2018): 4899–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0693.1.

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This study investigates the diurnal cycle of tropical organized deep convection and the feedback in large-scale circulation. By considering gravity wave phase speeds, we find that the circulation adjustment into weak temperature gradient (WTG) balance occurs rapidly (<6 h) relative to diurnal diabatic forcing on the spatial scales typical of organized convection (≤500 km). Convection-permitting numerical simulations of self-aggregation in diurnal radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) are conducted to explore this further. These simulations depict a pronounced diurnal cycle of circulation l

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6

Sakaeda, Naoko, George Kiladis, and Juliana Dias. "The Diurnal Cycle of Tropical Cloudiness and Rainfall Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation." Journal of Climate 30, no. 11 (2017): 3999–4020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0788.1.

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Abstract This study examines the diurnal cycle of rainfall and cloudiness associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) using TRMM rainfall rate and ISCCP multilevel cloud fraction data. There are statistically significant differences in diurnal cycle amplitude and phase between suppressed and enhanced envelopes of MJO convection. The amplitude of the diurnal rainfall rate and middle–deep cloudiness increases within enhanced MJO convection, especially over the ocean. However, the differences in diurnal cycle amplitude between enhanced and suppressed MJO are generally smaller than the dif

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7

Hassim, M. E. E., T. P. Lane, and W. W. Grabowski. "The diurnal cycle of rainfall over New Guinea in convection-permitting WRF simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 1 (2016): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-161-2016.

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Abstract. In this study, we examine the diurnal cycle of rainfall over New Guinea using a series of convection-permitting numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We focus our simulations on a period of suppressed regional-scale conditions (February 2010) during which local diurnal forcings are maximised. Additionally, we focus our study on the occurrence and dynamics of offshore-propagating convective systems that contribute to the observed early-morning rainfall maximum north-east of New Guinea.In general, modelled diurnal precipitation shows good agreemen

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8

Hendon, Harry H., and Karen Woodberry. "The diurnal cycle of tropical convection." Journal of Geophysical Research 98, no. D9 (1993): 16623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jd00525.

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9

Tsakraklides, Giorgos, and Jenni L. Evans. "Global and Regional Diurnal Variations of Organized Convection." Journal of Climate 16, no. 10 (2003): 1562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442-16.10.1562.

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Abstract An automated objective classification procedure, the Convection Classification and Automated Tracking System (CCATS), is used to analyze the mean life cycles of organized convection in the global Tropics and midlatitudes (40°N–40°S). Five years (1989–93) of infrared satellite imagery are examined for the Pacific and Atlantic basins and one year (April 1988–March 1989) is studied for the Indian basin. Two main classes of organized convection (lifetime of 6 h or more) are tracked: MCT and CCC. MCT represent a combined dataset of tropical cyclones and mesoscale convective complexes (MCC)

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10

Wang, Yuqing, Li Zhou, and Kevin Hamilton. "Effect of Convective Entrainment/Detrainment on the Simulation of the Tropical Precipitation Diurnal Cycle*." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 2 (2007): 567–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3308.1.

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Abstract A regional atmospheric model (RegCM) developed at the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) is used to investigate the effect of assumed fractional convective entrainment/detrainment rates in the Tiedtke mass flux convective parameterization scheme on the simulated diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Maritime Continent region. Results are compared with observations based on 7 yr of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite measurements. In a control experiment with the default fractional convective entrainment/detrainment rates, the model produces results typ

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11

Tang, Xiaodong, Zhe-Min Tan, Juan Fang, Y. Qiang Sun, and Fuqing Zhang. "Impact of the Diurnal Radiation Cycle on Secondary Eyewall Formation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 9 (2017): 3079–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0020.1.

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Abstract The sensitivity of the secondary eyewall formation (SEF) of Hurricane Edouard (2014) to the diurnal solar insolation cycle is examined with convection-permitting simulations. A control run with a real diurnal radiation cycle and a sensitivity experiment without solar insolation are conducted. In the control run, there is an area of relatively weak convection between the outer rainbands and the primary eyewall, that is, a moat region. This area is highly sensitive to solar shortwave radiative heating, mostly in the mid- to upper levels in the daytime, which leads to a net stabilization

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12

Xu, Weixin, Steven A. Rutledge, and Kyle Chudler. "Diurnal Cycle of Coastal Convection in the South China Sea Region and Modulation by the BSISO." Journal of Climate 34, no. 11 (2021): 4297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0308.1.

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AbstractUsing 17-yr spaceborne precipitation radar measurements, this study investigates how diurnal cycles of rainfall and convective characteristics over the South China Sea region are modulated by the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO). Generally, diurnal cycles change significantly between suppressed and active BSISO periods. Over the Philippines and Indochina, where the low-level monsoon flows impinge on coast lines, diurnal cycles of rainfall and many convective properties are enhanced during suppressed periods. During active periods, diurnal variation of convection is still

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13

Ciesielski, Paul E., Richard H. Johnson, Wayne H. Schubert, and James H. Ruppert. "Diurnal Cycle of the ITCZ in DYNAMO." Journal of Climate 31, no. 11 (2018): 4543–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0670.1.

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Abstract During the 2011 special observing period of the Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field experiment, two sounding arrays were established over the central Indian Ocean, one north and one south of the equator, referred to here as the NSA and SSA, respectively. Three-hourly soundings from these arrays augmented by observations of radiation and rainfall are used to investigate the diurnal cycle of ITCZ convection during the MJO suppressed phase. During the first half of October, when convection was suppressed over the NSA but prominent over the SSA, the circulation over t

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14

Caine, Simon, Christian Jakob, Steven Siems, and Peter May. "Objective Classification of Precipitating Convective Regimes Using a Weather Radar in Darwin, Australia." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 5 (2009): 1585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2532.1.

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Abstract A clustering algorithm was applied to Frequency with Altitude Diagrams (FADs) derived from 4 yr of hourly radar data to objectively define four tropical precipitation regimes that occur during the wet season over Darwin Australia. The precipitation regimes defined are distinguished in terms of convective intensity, presence of stratiform precipitation, and precipitation coverage. Regime 1 consists of patchy convection of medium intensity and low area coverage, and regime 2 contains strong convection with relatively small area coverage. Regime 3 is composed of weak convection with larg

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15

Hassim, M. E. E., T. P. Lane, and W. W. Grabowski. "The diurnal cycle of rainfall over New Guinea in convection-permitting WRF simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 13 (2015): 18327–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-18327-2015.

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Abstract. In this study, we examine the diurnal cycle of rainfall over New Guinea using a series of convection-permitting numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We focus our simulations on a period of suppressed regional-scale conditions (February 2010) during which local diurnal forcings are maximised. Additionally, we focus our study on the occurrence and dynamics of offshore propagating convective systems that contribute to the observed early-morning rainfall maximum north-east of New Guinea. In general, modelled diurnal precipitation shows good agreeme

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16

Laing, Arlene G., Richard E. Carbone, and Vincenzo Levizzani. "Cycles and Propagation of Deep Convection over Equatorial Africa." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 9 (2011): 2832–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011mwr3500.1.

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Long-term statistics of organized convection are vital to improved understanding of the hydrologic cycle at various scales. Satellite observations are used to understand the timing, duration, and frequency of deep convection in equatorial Africa, a region with some of the most intense thunderstorms. Yet little has been published about the propagation characteristics of mesoscale convection in that region. Diurnal, subseasonal, and seasonal cycles of cold cloud (proxy for convective precipitation) are examined on a continental scale. Organized deep convection consists of coherent structures tha

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17

Del Genio, Anthony D., and Jingbo Wu. "The Role of Entrainment in the Diurnal Cycle of Continental Convection." Journal of Climate 23, no. 10 (2010): 2722–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3340.1.

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Abstract In continental convective environments, general circulation models typically produce a diurnal cycle of rainfall that peaks close to the noon maximum of insolation, hours earlier than the observed peak. One possible reason is insufficient sensitivity of their cumulus parameterizations to the state of the environment due to weak entrainment. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, run at cloud-resolving (600 and 125 m) resolution, is used to study the diurnal transition from shallow to deep convection during the monsoon break period of the Tropical Warm Pool–International Clo

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18

Ventrice, Michael J., Christopher D. Thorncroft, and Matthew A. Janiga. "Atlantic Tropical Cyclogenesis: A Three-Way Interaction between an African Easterly Wave, Diurnally Varying Convection, and a Convectively Coupled Atmospheric Kelvin Wave." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 4 (2012): 1108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00122.1.

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This paper explores a three-way interaction between an African easterly wave (AEW), the diurnal cycle of convection over the Guinea Highlands (GHs), and a convectively coupled atmospheric equatorial Kelvin wave (CCKW). These interactions resulted in the genesis of Tropical Storm Debby over the eastern tropical Atlantic during late August 2006. The diurnal cycle of convection downstream of the GHs during the month of August is explored. Convection associated with the coherent diurnal cycle is observed off the coast of West Africa during the morning. Later, convection initiates over and downstre

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19

Hassanzadeh, Hanieh, Jürg Schmidli, Wolfgang Langhans, Linda Schlemmer, and Christoph Schär. "Impact of topography on the diurnal cycle of summertime moist convection in idealized simulations." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 25, no. 2 (2016): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2015/0653.

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20

Lee, Myong-In, Siegfried D. Schubert, Max J. Suarez, et al. "An Analysis of the Warm-Season Diurnal Cycle over the Continental United States and Northern Mexico in General Circulation Models." Journal of Hydrometeorology 8, no. 3 (2007): 344–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm581.1.

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Abstract The diurnal cycle of warm-season rainfall over the continental United States and northern Mexico is analyzed in three global atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) from NCEP, GFDL, and the NASA Global Modeling Assimilation Office (GMAO). The results for each model are based on an ensemble of five summer simulations forced with climatological sea surface temperatures. Although the overall patterns of time-mean (summer) rainfall and low-level winds are reasonably well simulated, all three models exhibit substantial regional deficiencies that appear to be related to problems with

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21

Villalobos-Puma, Elver, Daniel Martinez-Castro, Jose Luis Flores-Rojas, Miguel Saavedra-Huanca, and Yamina Silva-Vidal. "Diurnal Cycle of Raindrops Size Distribution in a Valley of the Peruvian Central Andes." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010038.

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In the Central Andes of Peru, convective and stratiform rainfall occurs, frequently associated with convective storms. The raindrop size distributions (RSD), measured by a Parsivel-2 optical disdrometer, were characterized by the variation of their normalized parameters. The RSD dataset includes measurements corresponding to 18 months between 2017 and 2019. As a result, it was found that the mass-weighted mean diameter Dm and the Nw parameter present respectively high and low values, in the interval of 15–20 LST (local standard time), wherein deeper and more active clouds appear. The events in

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22

Bechtold, Peter, Noureddine Semane, Philippe Lopez, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Anton Beljaars, and Niels Bormann. "Representing Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Convection in Large-Scale Models." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 2 (2014): 734–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0163.1.

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Abstract A new diagnostic convective closure, which is dependent on convective available potential energy (CAPE), is derived under the quasi-equilibrium assumption for the free troposphere subject to boundary layer forcing. The closure involves a convective adjustment time scale for the free troposphere and a coupling coefficient between the free troposphere and the boundary layer based on different time scales over land and ocean. Earlier studies with the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) have already demonstrated the model’s ability to realistically represent tropical convectively co

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23

Worku, Lakemariam, Ademe Mekonnen, and Carl Schreck. "The Impact of MJO, Kelvin, and Equatorial Rossby Waves on the Diurnal Cycle over the Maritime Continent." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (2020): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070711.

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The impacts of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), Kelvin waves, and Equatorial Rossby (ER) waves on the diurnal cycle of rainfall and types of deep convection over the Maritime Continent are investigated using rainfall from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis and Infrared Weather States (IR–WS) data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. In an absolute sense, the MJO produced its strongest modulations of rainfall and organized deep convection over the islands, when and where convection is already strongest. The MJO actually has

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24

Trier, Stanley B., Christopher A. Davis, and Richard E. Carbone. "Mechanisms Governing the Persistence and Diurnal Cycle of a Heavy Rainfall Corridor." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 11 (2014): 4102–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0134.1.

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Abstract Observations and convection-permitting simulations are used to study a 12-day warm-season heavy precipitation corridor over the central U.S. plains and Mississippi River valley regions. Such precipitation corridors, defined by narrow latitudinal widths (~3°–4°) and only modest north–south drifts of their centroids (&lt;2° day−1), often yield extreme total precipitation (100–250 mm), resulting in both short-term and seasonal impacts on the regional hydrologic cycle. The corridor precipitation is predominately nocturnal and located several hundred kilometers north of a quasi-station

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25

Itterly, Kyle F., and Patrick C. Taylor. "Evaluation of the Tropical TOA Flux Diurnal Cycle in MERRA and ERA-Interim Retrospective Analyses." Journal of Climate 27, no. 13 (2014): 4781–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00737.1.

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Reanalysis model output is extensively used in atmospheric research and must be rigorously and continuously evaluated to understand the strengths and weaknesses. This paper evaluates the tropical top-of-atmosphere (TOA) flux diurnal cycle in NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) against Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) synoptic edition 3A (SYN Ed3A) TOA flux data. MERRA and ERA-Interim are able to reproduce large-scale features of the diurnal cycle, including land–ocean contrast. MERRA

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26

Zhuang, Xiaoran, Ming Xue, Jinzhong Min, Zhiming Kang, Naigeng Wu, and Fanyou Kong. "Error Growth Dynamics within Convection-Allowing Ensemble Forecasts over Central U.S. Regions for Days of Active Convection." Monthly Weather Review 149, no. 4 (2021): 959–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-20-0329.1.

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AbstractError growth is investigated based on convection-allowing ensemble forecasts starting from 0000 UTC for 13 active convection events over central to eastern U.S. regions from spring 2018. The analysis domain is divided into the northwest (NW), northeast (NE), southeast (SE), and southwest (SW) quadrants (subregions). Total difference energy and its decompositions are used to measure and analyze error growth at and across scales. Special attention is paid to the dominant types of convection with respect to their forcing mechanisms in the four subregions and the associated difference in p

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27

Hohenegger, C., and C. S. Bretherton. "Simulating deep convection with a shallow convection scheme." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 3 (2011): 8385–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-8385-2011.

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Abstract. Convective processes profoundly affect the global water and energy balance of our planet but remain a challenge for global climate modeling. Here we develop and investigate the suitability of a unified convection scheme, capable of handling both shallow and deep convection, to simulate cases of tropical oceanic convection, mid-latitude continental convection, and maritime shallow convection. To that aim, we employ large-eddy simulations (LES) as a benchmark to test and refine a unified convection scheme implemented in the Single-Column Community Atmosphere Model (SCAM). Our approach

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Hohenegger, C., and C. S. Bretherton. "Simulating deep convection with a shallow convection scheme." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 20 (2011): 10389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10389-2011.

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Abstract. Convective processes profoundly affect the global water and energy balance of our planet but remain a challenge for global climate modeling. Here we develop and investigate the suitability of a unified convection scheme, capable of handling both shallow and deep convection, to simulate cases of tropical oceanic convection, mid-latitude continental convection, and maritime shallow convection. To that aim, we employ large-eddy simulations (LES) as a benchmark to test and refine a unified convection scheme implemented in the Single-column Community Atmosphere Model (SCAM). Our approach

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29

Evans, Jason P., and Seth Westra. "Investigating the Mechanisms of Diurnal Rainfall Variability Using a Regional Climate Model." Journal of Climate 25, no. 20 (2012): 7232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00616.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the ability of a regional climate model (RCM) to simulate the diurnal cycle of precipitation over southeast Australia, to provide a basis for understanding the mechanisms that drive diurnal variability. When compared with 195 observation gauges, the RCM tends to simulate too many occurrences and too little intensity for precipitation events at the 3-hourly time scale. However, the overall precipitation amounts are well simulated and the diurnal variability in occurrences and intensities are generally well reproduced, particularly in spring and summer. In terms

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Yuan, Weihua, Rucong Yu, Minghua Zhang, Wuyin Lin, Jian Li, and Yunfei Fu. "Diurnal Cycle of Summer Precipitation over Subtropical East Asia in CAM5." Journal of Climate 26, no. 10 (2013): 3159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00119.1.

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Abstract The simulations of summertime diurnal cycle of precipitation and low-level winds by the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5, are evaluated over subtropical East Asia. The evaluation reveals the physical cause of the observed diurnal rainfall variation in East Asia and points to the source of model strengths and weaknesses. Two model versions with horizontal resolutions of 2.8° and 0.5° are used. The models can reproduce the diurnal phase of large-scale winds over East Asia, with an enhanced low-level southwesterly in early morning. Correspondingly, models successfully simulated the

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Pritchard, Michael S., Mitchell W. Moncrieff, and Richard C. J. Somerville. "Orogenic Propagating Precipitation Systems over the United States in a Global Climate Model with Embedded Explicit Convection." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 8 (2011): 1821–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jas3699.1.

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Abstract In the lee of major mountain chains worldwide, diurnal physics of organized propagating convection project onto seasonal and climate time scales of the hydrologic cycle, but this phenomenon is not represented in conventional global climate models (GCMs). Analysis of an experimental version of the superparameterized (SP) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) demonstrates that propagating orogenic nocturnal convection in the central U.S. warm season is, however, representable in GCMs that use the embedded explicit convection model approach [i.e., multiscale modeling frameworks (MMFs)]. SP-CA

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Johnson, Richard H., Paul E. Ciesielski, Tristan S. L’Ecuyer, and Andrew J. Newman. "Diurnal Cycle of Convection during the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment." Journal of Climate 23, no. 5 (2010): 1060–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3275.1.

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Abstract The diurnal cycle of summer monsoon convection in the coastal, mountainous region of northwestern Mexico is investigated using data from the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME). Data from a special sounding network consisting of research and operational sites have been quality controlled and combined with surface, wind profiler, and pibal observations to create a gridded dataset over the NAME domain. This study concentrates on results from the interior portion of the NAME sounding network, where gridded analysis fields are independent of model data. Special attention is give

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Sultan, Benjamin, Serge Janicot, and Philippe Drobinski. "Characterization of the Diurnal Cycle of the West African Monsoon around the Monsoon Onset." Journal of Climate 20, no. 15 (2007): 4014–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4218.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the diurnal cycle of the West African monsoon and its seasonal modulation with particular focus on the monsoon onset period. A composite analysis around the monsoon onset date is applied to the 1979–2000 NCEP–DOE reanalysis and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) at 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC. This study points out two independent modes describing the space–time variability of the diurnal cycle of low-level wind and temperature. While the first mode appears to belong to a gradual and seasonal pattern linked with the northward migration of the whole monsoon sys

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Khaykin, S. M., J. P. Pommereau, and A. Hauchecorne. "Impact of land convection on temperature diurnal variation in the tropical lower stratosphere inferred from COSMIC GPS radio occultations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 13 (2013): 6391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6391-2013.

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Abstract. Following recent studies evidencing the influence of deep convection on the chemical composition and thermal structure of the tropical lower stratosphere, we explore its impact on the temperature diurnal variation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using the high-resolution COSMIC GPS radio-occultation temperature measurements spanning from 2006 through 2011. The temperature in the lowermost stratosphere over land during summer displays a marked diurnal cycle characterized by an afternoon cooling. This diurnal cycle is shown collocated with most intense land convective a

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Cancelada, Maite, Paola Salio, Daniel Vila, Stephen W. Nesbitt, and Luciano Vidal. "Backward Adaptive Brightness Temperature Threshold Technique (BAB3T): A Methodology to Determine Extreme Convective Initiation Regions Using Satellite Infrared Imagery." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020337.

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Thunderstorms in southeastern South America (SESA) stand out in satellite observations as being among the strongest on Earth in terms of satellite-based convective proxies, such as lightning flash rate per storm, the prevalence for extremely tall, wide convective cores and broad stratiform regions. Accurately quantifying when and where strong convection is initiated presents great interest in operational forecasting and convective system process studies due to the relationship between convective storms and severe weather phenomena. This paper generates a novel methodology to determine convecti

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Park, Sungsu. "A Unified Convection Scheme (UNICON). Part II: Simulation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 11 (2014): 3931–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0234.1.

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Abstract A unified convection scheme (UNICON) is implemented into the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), and tested in single-column and global simulations forced by observed sea surface temperature. Compared to CAM5, UNICON substantially improves the single-column simulations of stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition and shallow and deep convection cases. The global performance of UNICON is similar to CAM5 with a relative spatiotemporal root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.777 (0.755 in CAM5) against the earlier version of the model (CCSM3.5). The notable improvements in the UNICON-simu

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Clark, Adam J., William A. Gallus, and Tsing-Chang Chen. "Comparison of the Diurnal Precipitation Cycle in Convection-Resolving and Non-Convection-Resolving Mesoscale Models." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 10 (2007): 3456–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3467.1.

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Abstract The diurnal cycles of rainfall in 5-km grid-spacing convection-resolving and 22-km grid-spacing non-convection-resolving configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are compared to see if significant improvements can be obtained by using fine enough grid spacing to explicitly resolve convection. Diurnally averaged Hovmöller diagrams, spatial correlation coefficients computed in Hovmöller space, equitable threat scores (ETSs), and biases for forecasts conducted from 1 April to 25 July 2005 over a large portion of the central United States are used for the compari

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Argüeso, D., R. Romero, and V. Homar. "Precipitation Features of the Maritime Continent in Parameterized and Explicit Convection Models." Journal of Climate 33, no. 6 (2020): 2449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0416.1.

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AbstractThe Maritime Continent is the largest archipelago in the world and a region of intense convective activity that influences Earth’s general circulation. The region features one of the warmest oceans, very complex topography, dense vegetation, and an intricate configuration of islands, which together result in very specific precipitation characteristics, such as a marked diurnal cycle. Atmospheric models poorly resolve deep convection processes that generate rainfall in the archipelago and show fundamental errors in simulating precipitation. Spatial resolution and the use of convective s

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Stratton, R. A., and A. J. Stirling. "Improving the diurnal cycle of convection in GCMs." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 138, no. 666 (2011): 1121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.991.

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Seo, Hyodae, Aneesh C. Subramanian, Arthur J. Miller, and Nicholas R. Cavanaugh. "Coupled Impacts of the Diurnal Cycle of Sea Surface Temperature on the Madden–Julian Oscillation." Journal of Climate 27, no. 22 (2014): 8422–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00141.1.

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Abstract This study quantifies, from a systematic set of regional ocean–atmosphere coupled model simulations employing various coupling intervals, the effect of subdaily sea surface temperature (SST) variability on the onset and intensity of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) convection in the Indian Ocean. The primary effect of diurnal SST variation (dSST) is to raise time-mean SST and latent heat flux (LH) prior to deep convection. Diurnal SST variation also strengthens the diurnal moistening of the troposphere by collocating the diurnal peak in LH with those of SST. Both effects enhance the co

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Dauhut, Thibaut, Vincent Noel, and Iris-Amata Dion. "The diurnal cycle of the clouds extending above the tropical tropopause observed by spaceborne lidar." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 6 (2020): 3921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3921-2020.

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Abstract. The presence of clouds above the tropopause over tropical convection centers has so far been documented by spaceborne instruments that are either sun-synchronous or insensitive to thin cloud layers. Here we document, for the first time through direct observation by spaceborne lidar, how the tropical cloud fraction evolves above the tropopause throughout the day. After confirming previous studies that found such clouds most frequently above convection centers, we show that stratospheric clouds and their vertical extent above the tropopause follow a diurnal rhythm linked to convective

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Woolnough, S. J., J. M. Slingo, and B. J. Hoskins. "The Diurnal Cycle of Convection and Atmospheric Tides in an Aquaplanet GCM." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61, no. 21 (2004): 2559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3290.1.

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Abstract The diurnal cycle of tropical convection and its relationship to the atmospheric tides is investigated using an aquaplanet GCM. The diurnal and semidiurnal harmonics of precipitation are both found to contribute significantly to the total diurnal variability of precipitation in the model, which is broadly consistent with observations of the diurnal cycle of convection over the open ocean. The semidiurnal tide is found to be the dominant forcing for the semidiurnal harmonic of precipitation. In contrast the diurnal tide plays only a small role in forcing the diurnal harmonic of precipi

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Chung, E. S., B. J. Sohn, J. Schmetz, and M. Koenig. "Diurnal variation of upper tropospheric humidity and its relations to convective activities over tropical Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 1 (2007): 351–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-351-2007.

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Abstract. Diurnal variations of upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) as well as middle tropospheric humidity (MTH) were examined in conjunction with the diurnal cycle of convection over tropical Africa and the adjacent tropical Atlantic Ocean using Meteosat-8 measurements. Cloud and humidity features were also tracked to document the diurnal variations of humidity and clouds in the Lagrangian framework. A distinct diurnal variation of UTH (and MTH) is noted over regions where tropical deep convective cloud systems are commonly observed. The amplitude of the UTH diurnal variation is larger over la

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Jackson, Brian, Sharon E. Nicholson, and Douglas Klotter. "Mesoscale Convective Systems over Western Equatorial Africa and Their Relationship to Large-Scale Circulation." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 4 (2009): 1272–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2525.1.

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Abstract This study examines mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over western equatorial Africa using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. This region experiences some of the world’s most intense thunderstorms and highest lightning frequency, but has low rainfall relative to other equatorial regions. The analyses of MCS activity include the frequency of occurrence, diurnal and annual cycles, and associated volumetric and convective rainfall. Also evaluated is the lightning activity associated with the MCSs. Emphasis is placed on the diurnal cycle and on the conti

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Heavens, Nicholas G., David M. Kass, James H. Shirley, Sylvain Piqueux, and Bruce A. Cantor. "An Observational Overview of Dusty Deep Convection in Martian Dust Storms." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no. 11 (2019): 3299–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0042.1.

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Abstract Deep convection, as used in meteorology, refers to the rapid ascent of air parcels in Earth’s troposphere driven by the buoyancy generated by phase change in water. Deep convection undergirds some of Earth’s most important and violent weather phenomena and is responsible for many aspects of the observed distribution of energy, momentum, and constituents (particularly water) in Earth’s atmosphere. Deep convection driven by buoyancy generated by the radiative heating of atmospheric dust may be similarly important in the atmosphere of Mars but lacks a systematic description. Here we prop

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Wagner, Till M., and Hans-F. Graf. "An Ensemble Cumulus Convection Parameterization with Explicit Cloud Treatment." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 12 (2010): 3854–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3485.1.

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Abstract The paper describes a convection parameterization employing a new formulation of the quasi-equilibrium closure hypothesis of Arakawa and Schubert. The scheme models a full spectrum of different cumulus clouds and its evolution within one time step of the host global climate model. Each cloud is simulated using a one-dimensional Lagrangian entraining parcel model, which includes mixed phase microphysics and vertical velocity. Hence, the model delivers explicit information on distribution of vertical velocities, precipitation intensities, cloud heights, and cloud coverage. The parameter

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Keller, Michael, Nico Kröner, Oliver Fuhrer, et al. "The sensitivity of Alpine summer convection to surrogate climate change: an intercomparison between convection-parameterizing and convection-resolving models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 8 (2018): 5253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5253-2018.

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Abstract. Climate models project an increase in heavy precipitation events in response to greenhouse gas forcing. Important elements of such events are rain showers and thunderstorms, which are poorly represented in models with parameterized convection. In this study, simulations with 12 km horizontal grid spacing (convection-parameterizing model, CPM) and 2 km grid spacing (convection-resolving model, CRM) are employed to investigate the change in the diurnal cycle of convection with warmer climate. For this purpose, simulations of 11 days in June 2007 with a pronounced diurnal cycle of conve

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Tung, Wen-wen, Dimitrios Giannakis, and Andrew J. Majda. "Symmetric and Antisymmetric Convection Signals in the Madden–Julian Oscillation. Part I: Basic Modes in Infrared Brightness Temperature." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 9 (2014): 3302–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0122.1.

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Abstract This work studies the significance of north–south asymmetry in convection associated with the 20–90-day Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) propagating across the equatorial Indo-Pacific warm pool region. Satellite infrared brightness temperature data in the tropical belt for the period 1983–2006 were decomposed into components symmetric and antisymmetric about the equator. Using a recent nonlinear objective method called nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis, modes of variability were extracted representing symmetric and antisymmetric features of MJO convection signals, along with a plet

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Nober, F. J., and H. F. Graf. "A new convective cloud field model based on principles of self-organisation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 10 (2005): 2749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2749-2005.

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Abstract. A new cumulus convection parameterisation is presented in this paper. The parameterisation uses an explicit spectral approach and determines, unlike other convection schemes, for each convection event a new cloud distribution function regarding to the given vertical temperature and humidity profiles. This is done by using a one dimensional cloud model to create a spectrum of different clouds. The interaction between all non convective physical processes in the AGCM and all different clouds is taken into account to calculate a selfconsistent cloud spectrum. The model has been implemen

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Nober, F. J., and H. F. Graf. "A new convective cloud field model based on principles of self-organisation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 4 (2004): 3669–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-3669-2004.

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Abstract. A new cumulus convection parameterisation is presented in this paper. The parameterisation uses an explicit spectral approach and determines, unlike other convection schemes, for each convection event a new cloud distribution function regarding to the given vertical temperature and humidity profiles. This is done by using a one-dimensional cloud model to create a spectrum of different clouds. The interaction between all non convective physical processes in the AGCM and all different clouds is taken into account to calculate a self consistent cloud spectrum. The model has been impleme

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