Academic literature on the topic 'Cycle floral'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cycle floral"
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Davidson*, Victoria L., Dean A. Kopsell, and James E. Pollard. "The Effect of Interrupting Short Day Cycles with Day-length Extension on Floral Bud Initiation in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa)." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 849C—849. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.849c.
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Experiments were conducted to investigate the potential effect on floral bud initiation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa, cv. Chandler) by interrupting inductive short day cycles with a day-length extension treatment. Vegetative plants were exposed to 10-, 15-, or 20-day cycles of inductive short days in growth chambers. After receiving an inductive short day treatment plants were transferred to a greenhouse where they were exposed to non-inductive long days, which stimulated panicle elongation. Dissections of apical meristems immediately following each cycle of short days revealed that cycles of 20 days resulted in detectable floral bud formation. After 15 days in the greenhouse, all short day treatments had initiated floral buds. In the greenhouse, under long days, subsequent flowering in cohorts of plants which had previously received inductive short days showed a positive correlation between interruption of short days with day length extension and reduction in the number of floral buds initiated on earliest emerging panicles. These results suggest potential for manipulation of floral bud induction and potentially fruit size in Chandler, and perhaps other cultivars by interruption of a cycle of inductive short days with a day length extension treatment.
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Dias, M. A., and R. M. C. S. Ratnayake. "Variation in dichogamy and myophily in two dioecious Bridelia species (Phyllanthaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 69, no. 5 (2021): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt21020.
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Duodichogamy and multi-cycle dichogamy are rare forms of temporal separation of staminate and pistillate reproductive functions in angiosperms. We studied the floral phenology, breeding system and pollination of Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. and Bridelia moonii Thwaites, with a particular focus on the alternation of sexual phases to determine variation in their dichogamy. Three dichogamy patterns were identified in B. retusa, including one-cycle dichogamy (staminate → pistillate or pistillate → staminate), duodichogamy (staminate → pistillate → staminate), multi-cycle dichogamy (repeated flowering cycles alternating between staminate and pistillate) and pure staminates. Except for multi-cycle dichogamy, the other dichogamy patterns were prevalent in B. moonii. This study speculated floral mimicry system in Bridelia associated with blowflies.
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Tomiozzo, Regina, Gizelli Moiano De Paula, Nereu Augusto Streck, Lilian Osmari Uhlmann, Camila Coelho Becker, Natalia Teixeira Schwab, Martina Muttoni, and Cleber Maus Alberto. "Cycle duration and quality of gladiolus floral stems in three locations of Southern Brazil." Ornamental Horticulture 24, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v24i4.1237.
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The objective of this study was to determine the cycle duration in days and the quantitative parameters, i.e. stem length, spike length and stem diameter of gladiolus floral stems as a function of the planting date and locations in the Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. Field experiments were established between 2014-2015 in three locations (Frederico Westphalen, Itaqui and Santa Maria). The experimental design was a complete randomized block, with six gladiolus cultivars in three distinct planting dates at each location as treatments. The shift from vegetative to reproductive stage, the stem length, spike length and stem diameter were evaluated. Data was statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. When planted during late July and early August, cultivars of early cycle(‘Purple Flora’, ‘Rose Friendship’ and ‘White Friendship’) and intermediate cycle (‘Green Star’ and ‘Jester’), produced floral stems of gladiolus in the desired patterns besides as well as having a shorter growth cycle than late cultivars (‘Gold Field’), being recommended for commercial cultivation in Southern Brazil.
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KORASIDIS, VERA A., MALCOLM W. WALLACE, and BEN JANSEN. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PEATLAND AGGRADATION IN MODERN AND ANCIENT ENVIRONMENTS." PALAIOS 32, no. 10 (October 19, 2017): 658–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2017.030.
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Abstract: Peats are commonly used in paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic studies but detailed sedimentological and facies models for peatlands are poorly developed relative to other sedimentary settings. A comparison of the palynology and charcoal abundances in modern and ancient Cenozoic peats (i.e., brown coals) demonstrates that, in a single cycle, their respective flora commonly evolves from inundated wetland assemblages to more elevated and well-drained forest. The repetitive nature of this pattern suggests that the changing floral compositions result from changes in substrate wetness during peatland aggradation in high rainfall settings. In this scenario, floristic changes within the peat are suggested to represent peatland facies that were controlled by the local peat-forming environment. We suggest that peatland aggradation is an important process that may ubiquitously control the floral and environmental changes documented in modern and Holocene ombrogenous peats, brown coal lithotype cycles, and perhaps black coal dulling-upwards cycles.
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Steinfort, Ursula, Mauricio A. Cisternas, Rolando García, Hermine Vogel, and Gabriela Verdugo. "Phenological cycle and floral development of Chloraea crispa (Orchidaceae)." Ciencia e investigación agraria 39, no. 2 (August 2012): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-16202012000200014.
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Ison, RL. "Short-Day Cycle Requirements for Floral Initiation of Stylosanthes guianensis (Aublet) Sw. var. guianensis." Functional Plant Biology 12, no. 3 (1985): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9850291.
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Mature plants of the tropical legume Stylosanthes guianensis var. guianensis cv. Schofield required 20 short-day (SD) cycles (of 10-h days) for irrevocable commitment to floral initiation when returned to natural long days (LD), although the morphological changes associated with floral initiation were evident after 12-18 SD cycles. Commitment to flowering and spike production were favoured by 20 or more SD cycles. Floret number per spike and percentage seed set were not affected by return to LD. Within individual plants, sections of terminal and branch apices revealed a range of development stages. Terminal apices of well developed lateral branches were able to initiate as soon as, or sooner than, terminal apices of the main branch in this usually determinate plant; this points to individual branches having some autonomy for floral initiation, but suggests dissections made from well developed lateral branches would be a feasible method for determining floral initiation where plant replication is limited.
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Barzilay, Amalia, Hanita Zemah, Rina Kamenetsky, and Itzhak Ran. "Annual Life Cycle and Floral Development of 'Sarah Bernhardt' Peony in Israel." HortScience 37, no. 2 (April 2002): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.2.300.
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The life cycle and morphogenesis of the floral shoot of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas cv. Sarah Bernhardt were studied under Israeli conditions. The renewal buds for the following year originate on the underground crown, at the base of the annual stems. Bud emergence begins in early spring. Stems elongate rapidly and reach heights of 50-70 cm in 60-70 days. Flowering begins in April and continues until the end of May. After flowering, the leafy stems remain green until September-October, when the leaves senesce, and the peony plant enters the “rest” stage for 3-4 months. The new monocarpic shoot initiated in the renewal bud at the end of June with the formation of the first leaf primordia and continued to increase in size until February. During summer, the renewal buds remain vegetative. The apical meristem ceases leaf formation after senescence of the aboveground shoots in the fall. During September, the apical meristem of the renewal buds reaches the generative stage and achieves the form of a dome, but remains undifferentiated. In October, floral parts become visible. Floral differentiation is terminated at the beginning of December. Floral initiation and differentiation of peony do not require low temperatures. Morphological development and florogenesis were similar to other geophyte species with an annual thermoperiodic life cycle.
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Kamenetsky, Rina, and Jacob Blaustein. "397 LIFE CYCLE AND FLORAL INITIATION OF ORNAMENTAL ALLIUM SPECIES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 488b—488. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.488b.
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The annual life cycle and development of the monocarpic shoot of some ornamental Allium species from Central Asia and the Mediterranean area have been followed from the time of meristem dome initiation in the axil of a mother plant leaf, through formation of scale, leaf and flower primordia. There are three periods of meristem activity from apex initiation to flower formation. Detailed analysis of inflorescence development has been carried out by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). The life span of the Allium monocarpic shoot can be as long as 18 months. Climatic variations between Central Asian and Mediterranean areas lead to differences in the time of leaf sprout and flowering of species from the same taxonomic group. The principal mechanism of floral initiation is similar for species from both areas. Knowledge of the structure and development of the shoot will be useful for improvement of an optimal program of ornamental Allium cultivation.
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Jepson, P. C., and T. P. Healy. "The location of floral nectar sources by mosquitoes: an advanced bioassay for volatile plant odours and initial studies with Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, no. 4 (December 1988): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300015492.
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AbstractThe development and testing of a bioassay system to evaluate the potency of floral odours as mediators of long-range floral nectar source location by mosquitoes are described. The bioassay is quantitative and behaviourally discriminating, upwind flying and landing acting as indices of behavioural activity over the 24-h light:dark cycle. In initial tests, the responses of Aedes aegypti (L.) to the flowers and floral odours of ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) were investigated. A. aegypti exhibited a biphasic diel cycle of nectar-feeding behaviour and landed on modified flowers that retained either their disc or ray florets. Most significantly, the mosquitoes responded in a similar way to the odour of L. vulgare in the absence of visual stimuli or nutritional cues. They did not respond to solvent extracts of ox-eye daisy flowers.
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Martins, Rosária Da Costa Faria, Rogério Gomes Pêgo, Eleandro Silva da Cruz, Mateus Marques Bueno, and Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho. "Postharvest Quality of Cut Zinnia Flowers Cultivated Under Different Irrigation Levels and Growing Seasons." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i1.17996.
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The quality of floral stems depends on a set of pre-harvest factors which can influence their postharvest longevity. Although the identification of visual signs of senescence through scales is decisive in assessing the loss of floral quality in the postharvest period, this scale does not exist for zinnia flowers (Zinnia elegans Jacq.). Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels and growing seasons on the postharvest longevity of zinnia floral stems; and to determine a senescence scale to assess their durability. Therefore, zinnia plants (cv. “Red California Giant”) were cultivated in pots inside a greenhouse in Seropédica (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), with a randomized block design, under four irrigation levels (46%, 64%, 75% and 100% of the species’ water requirement) and two cycles (autumn-winter and winter-spring). At the end of each cycle, 48 stems from each treatment were harvested and placed in containers holding 300 mL of supply water. For all irrigation levels and crop cycles, there was an increase in the fresh stem weight on the first days after harvesting and the water absorption rate was higher on the first day of evaluation. The proposed senescence scale allowed us to evaluate the loss of floral quality in the postharvest period. The stems from both cycles had satisfactory results, mainly of commercial longevity and the score 5 on the scale, which represents 100% of the stems’ market value. The main postharvest results of the zinnia floral stems were not influenced by the irrigation levels.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cycle floral"
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Breuil-Broyer, Stéphanie. "Contrôle de la prolifération cellulaire au centre du méristème floral chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSL0260.
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Millan, Laurine. "Caractérisation d’inhibiteurs de complexes CDK‐cycline chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112149.
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Comme pour tous les organismes pluricellulaires, la croissance et le développement des plantes nécessitent une coordination de la production de cellules via la mitose et la différenciation cellulaire. La progression du cycle cellulaire est contrôlée par les complexes CDK-cycline. Les inhibiteurs de ces complexes, les CKIs, représentent d’excellents candidats pour réguler cet équilibre entre les processus de prolifération et différentiation cellulaires qui ont lieu au cours du développement. Afin de mettre en évidence le rôle d’intégrateurs potentiel des CKIs, le développement floral a été utilisé en tant que modèle.Grâce à l’utilisation de la qRT-PCR, nous avons montré que durant le développement floral d’Arabidopsis thaliana, un groupe restreint de CKIs était exprimé. Nous avons choisi de travailler sur les deux CKIs les plus exprimés, KRP6 et KRP7. Une caractérisation fine de leur profil d’expression durant le développement a été réalisée en utilisant des approches complémentaires telles que l’analyse de l’activité de leur promoteur, de la dynamique de leur transcrit, de leur expression protéique et de leur régulation post-traductionnelle.Jusqu’à présent, seules des approches ‘gain de fonction’ ont été utilisées pour étudier le rôle des CKIs chez les plantes. C’est pour cela que nous avons choisi des approches ‘perte de fonction’ pour analyser le rôle de KRP6 et de KRP7 au cours du développement floral. Ainsi, nous avons généré des doubles mutants d’insertion krp6-krp7, krp3-krp6, krp3-krp7, des triples mutants d’insertion krp3-krp6-krp7 et diverses lignées ARN interférence avec des promoteurs spécifiques. Malgré l’étude de ces nombreuses lignées, nous n’avons pas réussi à mettre en évidence des effets phénotypiques associés à l’absence de la fonction CKI au cours du développement floral. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la redondance fonctionnelle qui semble exister entre les KRPs, ainsi un quadruple mutant pourrait être nécessaire pour entrainer des modifications développementales. Afin de mieux comprendre cette fonction d’intégrateurs des KRPs au cours du développement floral, les partenaires de KRP6 et de KRP7 ont été recherchés. Des criblages double-hybride ont été réalisés afin d’identifier des ADNc, spécifiques du développement floral, codant des protéines capables d’interagir avec KRP6 et KRP7. De façon intéressante, mis à part les cyclines de type D, un nouveau type d’interaction a pu être mis en évidence. Un sous-groupe de la famille des rémorines est capable d’interagir avec KRP6 ou KRP7 en système double-hybride. Les rémorines sont des protéines spécifiques du règne végétal, associées à la membrane plasmique mais dont la fonction reste à clarifier. Une approche BiFC en protoplastes BY-2 a permis de confirmer l’existence de ce type d’interaction. De plus, l’influence des rémorines sur la localisation intracellulaire des KRPs a été étudiée. En présence de ces nouveaux partenaires, KRP7 est capable d’adopter une localisation nucléo-cytoplasmique.Enfin, des résultats récents ont montré que l’AMPK était capable de phosphoryler p27KIP1, l’homologue fonctionnel des KRPs chez les mammifères. Ces évènements de phosphorylation entrainent des modifications de sa localisation intracellulaire et de son activité inhibitrice vis-à-vis des complexes CDK-cycline. Après la réalisation d’analyses in silico ayant permis de prédire des sites putatifs de phosphorylation par SnRK1, l’homologue de l’AMPK chez A. thaliana, pour certains KRPs, la protéine KRP6 sous forme recombinante a été utilisée pour réaliser des essais kinase in vitro. Une phosphorylation de KRP6 est détectée en présence de la sous unité catalytique activée de SnRK1. Contrairement aux mammifères, cet évènement de phosphorylation entraine une altération de l’activité inhibitrice de KRP6 sans modification de sa localisation intracellulaire. Cette abolition de l’activité de KRP6 a été confirmée in planta. En effet, les phénotypes associés à la surexpression de KRP6 peuvent être atténués par la surexpression simultanée de la sous-unité catalytique de SnRK1. L’existence de ce lien entre KRP6 et SnRK1 met en évidence une relation directe entre l’homéostasie énergétique et la prolifération cellulaireAs in all multicellular organisms, growth and development in plants require the coordination of cell production by division and cell differentiation. Progression through cell cycle is controlled by the kinase activity of CDK/cyclin complexes. Inhibitors of these complexes, CKIs, represent excellent candidates to regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation processes during development. To get insight in the potential integrator role of CKIs, floral development was chosen as a developmental model. Using a real time quantitative PCR approach, we bring to light that during floral development of Arabidopsis thaliana, a restricted subset of CKIs was preferentially expressed. It was decided to focus our work on the two major expressed CKIs, KRP6 and KRP7. A better characterization of their expression patterns of during development was undertaken using complementary approaches such as promoter activity analysis, mRNA dynamics, protein expression and post-translational regulation analysis. Because until now ‘gain of function’ approaches have been largely applied to unravel the role of plant CKIs, our challenge was to detect a floral phenotype for KRP6 and KRP7 loss of function mutants, either using knock-out mutants or RNAi lines. We generated krp6-krp7, krp3-krp6, krp3-krp7 double mutants and krp3-krp6-krp7 triple mutant and also several RNAi lines with specifics promoters. Despite the study of these numerous lines, we were not able to highlight phenotypic effects associated with the absence of CKI function during floral development. All these results emphasis functional redundancy which appears to exist between all KRPs, thus quadruple mutant might be needed to provoke some developmental modification.In order to better understand the integrative function of KRPs during floral development, partners of KRP6 and KRP7 were assessed. Two-hybrid screens were performed to identify cDNAs from a “floral-buds-development” library encoding proteins that are able to interact with KRP6 and KRP7. Interestingly, apart from D-type cyclins, we brought to light a new type of interaction. Indeed, a sub-class of the remorin protein family was able to interact with KRP6 or KRP7 in yeast two-hybrid. Remorins are plant specific plasma membrane associated proteins with unknown function. A BiFC approach in BY-2 protoplasts allowed us to confirm remorins/KRP6-7 interactions. Furthermore, the influence of the presence of remorin proteins on KRP6/7 localisation was assessed. KRP7 is able to adopt a nucleo-cytoplasmic localisation in presence of its new partners.Finally, recent results have shown that AMPK is phosphorylating p27KIP1, KRPs functional counterpart in mammals. These phosphorylation events lead to changes in its cellular localisation and its inhibitory activity toward CDK-cyclin complexes. After in silico analysis aiming to predict potential AMPK Arabidopsis homologue SnRK1 phosphorylation sites within some KRPs protein sequences, recombinant KRP6 was used in order to perform in vitro kinase assays. Phosphorylation occurs efficiently on KRP6 when activated SnRK1 catalytic subunit is present. Furthermore, unlike in mammals, this phosphorylation event leads to an alteration of KRP6 inhibitory activity without modification of its cellular localisation. This abolition of KRP6 activity was confirmed by in planta analysis. Indeed, KRP6 overexpression phenotype can be attenuated by simultaneous SnRK1 catalytic subunit overexpression. The existence of this link between KRP6 and SnRK1 underscores a direct relationship between energy homeostasis and cell proliferation
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Taylor, Marcus Andrew. "The effects of light on the cell cycle in the shoot apex of Silene coeli-rosa (L.) Godron during floral evocation." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304803.
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Sicard, Adrien. "Etude du rôle du gène Matriochka au cours du développement de la fleur et des ovules chez la tomate : un nouveau régulateur de l'activité méristématique au cours du développement floral." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21434.
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Le gène MKA code pour une protéine de la famille des Mini zinc Finger", dont la fonction dans le développement était jusqu'alors inconnue. Au cours de cette étude, nous avons mis en place des stratégies permettant d'appréhender la fonction de ce gène in planta. Le gène MKA est majoritairement exprimé au niveau des organes reproducteurs (fleur et fruit). La surexpression de ce gène chez les plantes induit une diminution de la taille de tous les organes liés à une diminution des activités de division cellulaire et d'expansion cellulaire. L'altération de la fonction du gène endogène chez les plantes se traduit par la perte de l'inhibition de l'activité méristématique au niveau de la fleur et des ovules. Le gène MKA code donc un inhibiteur de la croissance des plantes nécessaire à une organogenèse correcte des organes floraux. Une étude primaire de son mécanisme d'action moléculaire, indique qu'il agirait comme un régulateur central des voies de dégradation protéique chez les plantesMKA gene codes for a member for a Mini zinc Finger protein family, whose function in plant development was not known when this work was initiated. In this study, we have set various strategies aimed at unraveling the function of this gene in planta. MKA is mainly expressed in reproductive organs (flower and fruit). The overexpression of this gene in planta leads to the reduction of all organ size. In contrast, the MKA loss of function leads affects the inhibition of meristem activity which currently occurs during flower and ovule development. MKA thus encodes an inhibitor of plant growth that appears absolutely necessary for a correct organogenesis of reproductive organs. A preliminary studu of the MKA molecular mechanism suggests that it could act as a general regulator of proteolysis in plants
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Wilks, Mark. "Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora in health and disease." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266015.
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Lauter, Roland [Verfasser], and Florian [Gutachter] Marquardt. "Nonlinear collective phase dynamics of limit-cycle oscillator lattices / Roland Lauter ; Gutachter: Florian Marquardt." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124233873/34.
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Adou, Eba. "I. Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds From Suriname and Madagascar flora. II. A Synthetic Approach to Lucilactaene." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29973.
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As part of an International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG), extracts of plants from Suriname and Madagascar were bioassayed for cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity. Six cytotoxic extracts and one potential antimalarial were selected for fractionation, and yielded a number of bioactive compounds which were characterized by spectroscopy methods. Craspidospermum verticillatum (Apocynaceae) yielded four known indole alkoids. Casimirella sp (Icacinaceae) gave three new and five known diterpenoids. Pentopetia androsaemifolia (Apocynaceae) afforded one new and three known cardenolide glycosides. Physalis angulata (Solanaceae) yielded seven known physalins. Roupellina boivinnii (Apocynaceae) yielded four known and three new cardenolide glycosides, and three known cucurbitacins were isolated from Octolepis aff. dioica (Thymelaeaceae).
In addition to these structural studies, a synthetic approach to lucilactaene, a cell cycle inhibitor was developed.Ph. D.
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Mulvany, Eleonora. "The Flower in Inca Ritual Cycles." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113576.
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In this paper, we present the results of an ethnohistoric study on the possible relationship between ritual, social organization, solar calendars and visual and oral metaphors. This interrelationship can be understood in terms of the use of flowers placed in the headdresses of young and adult men as offerings to deities and their distribution in a sacred landscape space entail to periodical rituals.En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio etnohistórico sobre la posible relación entre el ritual, la organización social, el calendario solar y metáforas visuales y verbales. Esta interrelación se puede comprender mediante el empleo de flores en los tocados de hombres jóvenes y adultos, en las ofrendas a deidades y su distribución en el espacio del paisaje sagrado vinculado a rituales periódicos.
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Zewdie, Mulugeta. "Temporal changes of biomass production, soil properties and ground flora in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in the Central highlands of Ethiopia /." Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200818.pdf.
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Björkman, Maria. "Effects of intercropping on the life cycle of the turnip root fly (Delia floralis) : behaviour, natural enemies and host plant quality /." Uppsala : Dept. of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007125.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Cycle floral"
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James, Philip. The Biology of Urban Environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827238.001.0001.
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Urban environments are characterized by the density of buildings and elements of a number of infrastructures that support urban residents in their daily life. These built elements and the activities that take place within towns and cities create a distinctive climate and increase air, water, and soil pollution. Within this context the elements of the natural environment that either are residual areas representative of the pre-urbanized area or are created by people contain distinctive floral and faunal communities that do not exist in the wild. The diverse prions, viruses, micro-organisms, plants, and animals that live there for all or part of their life cycle and their relationships with each other and with humans are illustrated with examples of diseases, parasites, and pests. Plants and animals are found inside as well as outside buildings. The roles of plants inside buildings and of domestic and companion animals are evaluated. Temporal and spatial distribution patterns of plants and animals living outside buildings are set out and generalizations are drawn, while exceptions are also discussed. The strategies used and adaptions (genotypic, phenotypic, and behavioural) adopted by plants and animals in face of the challenges presented by urban environments are explained. The final two chapters contain discussions of the impacts of urban environments on human biology and how humans might change these environments in order to address the illnesses that are characteristic of urbanites in the early twenty-first century.
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Lens, Piet N. L., and Kannan Pakshirajan, eds. Environmental Technologies to Treat Selenium Pollution. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789061055.
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Abstract Selenium contamination of air, aquatic environments, soils and sediments is a serious environmental concern of increasing importance. Selenium has a paradoxical feature in bringing about health benefits under the prescribed level, but only a few fold increase in its concentration causes deleterious effects to flora and fauna, humans and the environment. This book Environmental Technologies to Treat Selenium Pollution: Principles and Engineering: presents the fundamentals of the biogeochemical selenium cycle and which imbalances in this cycle result in pollution.overviews chemical and biological technologies for successful treatment of selenium contaminated water, air, soils and sediments.explores the recovery of value-added products from selenium laden waste streams, including biofortication and selenium-based nanoparticles and quantum dots. This book may serve both as an advanced textbook for undergraduate and graduate students majoring in environmental sciences, technology or engineering as well as as a handbook for tertiary educators, researchers, professionals and policy makers who conduct research and practices in selenium related fields. It is essential reading for consulting companies when dealing with selenium related environmental (bio)technologies. ISBN: 9781789061048 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789061055 (eBook)
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Erickson, Todd, Russell Barrett, David Merritt, and Kingsley Dixon, eds. Pilbara Seed Atlas and Field Guide. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486305537.
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The Pilbara region in Australia’s arid northwest is rich in flora that is suited to extreme temperatures and boom and bust cycles of moisture availability. It is also a region important for its natural resources. In places where mining activities have finished and the land is under management for ecological restoration, there is increasing demand for information about native plant communities and the biology of their seeds.
Pilbara Seed Atlas and Field Guide is the first book to combine plant identification with robust, scientific criteria for cost-effective seed-based rehabilitation. It describes 103 regional plant taxa and provides guidelines for effective collection, cleaning, storage and germination of their seeds. It addresses issues such as timing of collection, quality and viability of seed, and dormancy release, which are essential for successful restoration programs. With photographs to portray the subtle differences and unique features of each species’ biology, this book will be of great use to practitioners in the field, including environmental consultants, rehabilitation companies, commercial seed collectors and government authorities, as well as naturalists and people interested in growing the Pilbara’s remarkable plants.
Book chapters on the topic "Cycle floral"
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Škaloud, Pavel, Fabio Rindi, Christian Boedeker, and Frederik Leliaert. "Life cycle." In Freshwater Flora of Central Europe, Vol 13: Chlorophyta: Ulvophyceae (Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Bd. 13: Chlorophyta: Ulvophyceae), 9–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55495-1_2.
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Stan, Cornel. "Flora and fauna have inversed carbon dioxide cycles." In Energy versus Carbon Dioxide, 31–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64162-0_5.
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Willmer, Pat. "Pollination, Mating, and Reproduction in Plants." In Pollination and Floral Ecology. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691128610.003.0003.
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This chapter examines pollination, mating, and reproduction in plants. Plant reproduction can be either sexual or asexual, but the generation of new variants (which is the underlying necessity for adaptation to new or changing conditions and for evolutionary change) requires that at some point in the life cycle sexual reproduction occurs. In the case of angiosperms, the pollen grain is the male gamete, the equivalent of a spore in simpler plants. The ovule (egg) contains the female gamete. The chapter first provides an overview of plant fertilization before discussing plant sex and plant mating systems. It then considers the benefits of cross-fertilization and self-fertilization in plants, along with methods for avoiding selfing within a flower. It also describes methods for avoiding selfing between flowers within a plant and concludes with an analysis of methods for ensuring selfing.
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Rathoure, Ashok Kumar. "Survey Methodology for Biodiversity Assessment." In Current State and Future Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity, 225–37. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1226-5.ch013.
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Rapid urbanization, population explosion, and developing technology have degraded natural habitat of flora and fauna. They can't get proper natural habitat and environment. Because of these reasons, they can't survive. They are in danger. We have to save them. If we can't save them, our whole ecological cycle will be disturbed, and it will create problems for us. So, we have to find reasons for extinction of flora and fauna. For that, it is necessary to do biological survey/assessment. From biological survey/assessment we can find/assess what type of impact are harmful for flora-fauna, how it will affect flora-fauna, what is the reason behind extinction of flora-fauna. From biodiversity survey we can provide and create natural habitat for flora-fauna. So, impact assessment is very important consideration. Every industry/plant or any type of activity should do biodiversity survey. This chapter explores a survey methodology for biodiversity assessment.
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Roy, Dibakar, Dasari Sreekanth, Deepak Pawar, Himanshu Mahawar, and Kamal K. Barman. "Phytoremediation of Arsenic Contaminated Water Using Aquatic, Semi-Aquatic and Submerged Weeds." In Biodegradation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98961.
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Arsenic (As) is the one the most toxic element present in earth which poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Arsenic contamination of drinking water in South and Southeast Asia reported one of the most threatening problems that causes serious health hazard of millions of people of India and Bangladesh. Further, use of arsenic contaminated ground water for irrigation purpose causes entry of arsenic in food crops, especially in Rice and other vegetable crops. Currently various chemical technologies utilized for As removal from contaminated water like adsorption and co-precipitation using salts, activated charcoal, ion exchange, membrane filtration etc. are very costly and cannot be used for large scale for drinking and agriculture use. In contrast, phytoremediation utilizes green plats to remove pollutants from contaminated water using various mechanisms such as rhizofiltration, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytodegrartion and phytovolatilization. A large numbers of terrestrial and aquatic weed flora have been identified so far having hyper metal, metalloid and organic pollutant removal capacity. Among the terrestrial weed flora Arundo donax, Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, Vetivaria zizinoids etc. are the hyper As accumulator. Similarly Eicchornea crassipes (Water hyacinth), Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce), Lemna minor (duck weed), Hyrdilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Spirodella polyrhiza, Azola, Wolfia spp., etc. are also capable to extract higher amount of arsenic from contaminated water. These weed flora having As tolerance mechanism in their system and thus remediate As contaminated water vis-à-vis continue their life cycle. In this chapter we will discuss about As extraction potential of various aquatic and semi aquatic weeds from contaminated water, their tolerance mechanism, future scope and their application in future world mitigating As contamination in water resources.
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Xu, Jingwen, and Weiqun Wang. "Fiber-associated wheat lignans and colorectal cancer prevention." In Improving the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of wheat and other cereals, 115–36. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0087.10.
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Wheat, as a staple food, has been largely consumed worldwide. In addition to nutritional values, whole grain including fiber-enriched wheat bran has been reported to provide many nutraceuticals such as wheat lignans. This chapter reviews recent epidemiological and animal data on wheat lignans and their role in colorectal cancer prevention. It covers aspects of the lignan structure, biosynthesis, analysis, metabolism and potential health benefits with emphasis on anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-estrogenic and cell cycle arrest mechanisms. Human epidemiological studies suggest dietary intake of lignans is associated with reducing risk of many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, chronic bowel inflammation, and certain types of cancer including colorectal cancer. The bioactivity of wheat lignans has been shown to be influenced by their chemical forms and microbial flora-induced metabolites. Compelling animal study data suggest that dietary lignans or wheat lignans contribute to colorectal cancer prevention; however, further clinical intervention studies appear warranted.
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Manning, Jane. "ELIZABETH MACONCHY (1907–1994)Sun, Moon and Stars (1978)." In Vocal Repertoire for the Twenty-First Century, Volume 1, 187–89. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391028.003.0053.
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This chapter discusses Elizabeth Maconchy’s Sun, Moon and Stars. This short but most alluring cycle of four contrasting songs is written with complete mastery and integration of style, and represents this distinguished composer in peak form. Tone colours and vocal placing are acutely heard and the text setting displays the voice's brightest resonances to the full. Skill and craftsmanship are also combined with spontaneity. The piano writing is clear-textured and sonorous, complementing the voice throughout. The soprano will need to float and hold some lengthy high notes, some in pianissimo, but a womanly warmth of tone is required, rather than a boyish sound.
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Rohling, Eelco J. "Causes Of Climate Change." In The Climate Question. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190910877.003.0007.
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The causes of natural climate variations, before human impacts, typically arose from one or more of the following: carbon- cycle changes, astronomical changes in the Earth- Sun configuration, large volcanic eruptions (especially plate- tectonics- related major volcanic episodes), asteroid impacts, or variations in the intensity of solar radiation output. Carbon-cycle changes may have acted on their own but were often also involved as a feedback in amplifying the climate responses to changes driven initially by the other mechanisms. In the following sections, we will look at each of these processes in turn. When we want to discuss the dominant changes in greenhouse gas concentrations, we focus mainly on CO2 and CH4 , of which CO2 is the dominant one on longer timescales because it exists in much higher concentrations and lasts much longer in the atmosphere than CH4. As mentioned before, we then commonly investigate things in terms of carbon (C) emissions and uptake because this allows us to relate variations directly to changes in the carbon cycle and how we humans are affecting it. The carbon cycle represents an intricate web of interactions that control carbon storage and exchange between the biosphere (life), hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers), and lithosphere (rocks and sediments; Figure 4.1). We need to consider two critical terms when discussing it. The first is known as the reservoir volume. This stands for the volume of carbon held within each reservoir, such as land- plants and trees, the ocean, or carbonate rocks. The second term is known as flux, and it refers to the amount of carbon that is exchanged between two reservoirs in a year. Because the volumes of carbon that are involved are enormous, we commonly express them in gigatons (Gt). One gigaton is one billion (one thousand million) tons, where a ton is 1000 kg. Most frequently, this term will be used in the expression gigaton of Carbon, or GtC. There are several important reservoirs of carbon (Figure 4.1). The atmosphere holds an approximate volume of 750 GtC. The land-biosphere—living flora and fauna—comprises some 600 or 700 GtC of living material and more than 2000 GtC of dead material.
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Burch, William R., Gary E. Machlis, and Jo Ellen Force. "Extending the Capability of the Model." In The Structure and Dynamics of Human Ecosystems. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300137033.003.0011.
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This chapter explains the significance of building better capability in forecasting the likely consequences of natural resource and environmental decisions. The goal here is not just to know what is connected but also to identify which connections are most critical in balancing risk and benefit. At the core of this analysis are the hierarchical variables of territory, status, and power, along with the identity variables of age, gender, and class, all of which come from the social order component. The chapter connects these to the population variable from the socioeconomic resource component. Meanwhile, the biophysical resources component provides a shifting set of variables such as land, energy, air, water, and flora and fauna, as do the individual and institutional cycles of change and the flows of individuals (immigration and emigration).
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Lane, Belden C. "Venturing Out: The Irish Wilderness and Columba of Iona." In Backpacking with the Saints. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199927814.003.0011.
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I put in at Greer Crossing, planning to float the twenty-one miles to Riverton over the next three days. Canoeing the Eleven Point River—a National Wild and Scenic Riverway near the Arkansas border—is a quintessential Ozark experience. The stream skirts the western boundary of the Irish Wilderness, a 16,500-acre area of the National Wilderness system. It’s a pocket of dense forest, sparkling creeks, and limestone caves as wild as the wooded glens of Ireland’s Wicklow Mountains. The place abounds with white-tailed deer, bobcats, raccoons, gray foxes, brown trout, and songbirds galore. A Celtic mystery lurks in this secluded Missouri landscape. I like to think of the Irish Wilderness as connecting me with my family roots in Ireland and Cornwall, near Land’s End in southwest England. It takes me back to a spiritual practice of wilderness wandering firmly rooted in the Celtic tradition. The Druids would have loved this part of southern Missouri. A dozen species of oak spread their branches overhead. Colonies of mayapples thrive along the trail. The limestone bluffs above the river are scattered with dolomite crystals. Canoeing downstream, you hear the sound of a beaver tail slapping the water to warn its kits as you round a bend. Ducking under the branches of an overhanging sycamore tree, you’re surprised by a harmless rat snake resting on a limb. With each stroke, the paddle dips into crystal-clear water rising from underground springs. There are times in your life when you realize you need a discipline. You have to decide about where you’re going (or not going). That’s why I’m here—to renew a spiritual regimen in my life, venturing out so as to find my way back in again. Salmon do it instinctively as a part of their life cycle, swimming upstream to their source. Naturalist Freeman House says that humans and salmon are a lot alike: “We are related by virtue of the places to which we choose to return.” I, too, need to revert from time to time to the primeval wonders of great blue herons and hazelnut trees . . . to an untamed Celtic landscape.
Conference papers on the topic "Cycle floral"
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"Developmental Cycles of the Red Dwarf Honeybee, Apis florea." In International Conference on Agricultural, Ecological and Medical Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0415046.
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Kirkpatrick, Thomas K., Bernard J. Pastorik, and Wesley M. Newland. "Fixed Duct Burner Heat Input Approach for Combined Cycle Power Plant ASME PTC 46 Performance Testing." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55149.
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Since its publication in 1996, ASME PTC 46 Performance Test Code on Overall Plant Performance has established itself as the premier test code for conducting overall plant performance within the power industry, especially for combined cycle power plants. The current text within ASME PTC 46, which is currently under revision by the ASME PTC 46 Committee, describes in Section 5.3.4 Specified Measured Net Power that “This test is conducted for a combined cycle power plant with duct firing or other form of power augmentation, such as steam or water injection when used for that purpose.” Further, the only example problem for a combined cycle with duct firing is provided in Appendix B of the code utilizing the Specified Measured Net Power Test Method. Though the text and example are correctly presented within the code, it resulted in misinterpretation within the industry that the only correct way to test a combined cycle plant with duct firing was to conduct a Specified Measured Net Power Test. Though the Specified Measured Net Power Test Method is an acceptable and accurate method in determining the performance of a combined cycle plant with duct firing in operation, it lends to being inflexible to the weather conditions for the plant operation. When the weather is too cold, the exhaust energy from the combustion turbines may be at such a magnitude as to not allow the duct burners to be fired due to limitations within the heat recovery steam generator and steam turbine systems to take the load, thus limiting the plant testing to take place when the weather is warm enough to allow the plant to be operated with duct firing. The opposite condition can also exist where the ambient conditions are too hot so that the duct burner capacity is unable to achieve the specified measured net power allowing the test to be conducted. The limitations stated herein are the reasons that an alternative approach with more flexibility is necessary. This paper will present an alternative approach referred to as the Fixed Duct Burner Heat Input Test Method to testing combined cycle plants where the duct burner heat input (Fuel Flow) is held fixed while the plant net power and heat rate are left to float with ambient conditions. Corrections for both power and heat rate will be developed for ambient conditions per ASME PTC 46 guidelines. This paper will further present a comparison between the Specified Measured Net Power Test Method and the Fixed Duct Burner Heat Input Test Method in the areas of the flexibility of the methods for various ambient conditions, and the method uncertainty associated with each method’s ability to correct to reference conditions.
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Ivantysyn, Roman, and Jürgen Weber. "Novel Open Circuit Displacement Control Architecture in Heavy Machinery." In 8th FPNI Ph.D Symposium on Fluid Power. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpni2014-7806.
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Motivated by the ever-stricter demands by lawmakers to lower emissions of mobile machinery and increasing fuel prices, mobile machinery has gone through a paradigm shift. Fuel efficiency has become a major selling point of machine producers. Even the heavy machinery branch, which is mainly dominated by reliability, productivity and serviceability, has started to feel this change. Hydraulic systems of large scale, as can be found in mining excavators, have typically been based on simplicity and durability. Typical architectures are open-center hydraulic systems, which were designed with robustness and productivity in mind; however they lack competiveness with other hydraulic systems in terms of energy efficiency. Displacement control has shown promising potential especially in multi-actuator machines such as excavators. The technology has so far been demonstrated in closed circuit applications on small-scale machines (below 30 t). Large scale excavators however should in general be more suitable for displacement control due to their relatively small hydraulic component cost compared to the machine and operating cost, larger energy recovery potential due to larger mass movement, more flexibility in space management and greater hydraulic power installed. Large machines feature already several smaller pumps instead of a single large pump, which is important with respect to the fact that displacement control is based on one pump per actuator. A challenge for displacement control on large-scale machinery is handling their high volumetric flow-demands on the system. Today many large excavators feature a float valve, which short-circuits the cylinder chambers and ensures rapid lowering of the attachment under aiding load. Float valves ensure fast cycle times and are essential for high productivity, however incorporating this feature in displacement control is a challenge, especially in closed circuit systems. Open circuit displacement control systems have greater flexibility than closed circuit solutions in working with float-valves and dealing with the high volumetric flows. Additionally the open circuit architecture is ideal for pump-flow-sharing, the strategy to connect two or more pumps with one actuator, which can be practiced when not all actuators move at the same time. This paper compares displacement control in open circuit form with valve-controlled actuation in a mining excavator and shows several fuel saving potentials. The Open Center system was simulated and results were validated with measurements. The proposed open circuit displacement control solutions are implemented virtually and replace the valve-controlled system. Components and system-architecture were carefully chosen in order to ensure reliability, minimal component changes and redundancy that compare to the robustness of today’s system.
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Bansal, Iqbal K. "Hydrophobic Silicon-Direct Bonding for Fabrication of RF Microwave Devices." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41161.
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Direct wafer bonding (DWB) is an operation of ultra-fine alignment, joining and thermal bonding of two silicon wafers. The first silicon wafer “handle” substrate is a Czochralski (<CZ>) substrate with N+ arsenic dopant with very low bulk resistivity, whereas second wafer “device” is a float-zone (<FZ>) having extremely high resistivity N-phosphorus dopant. Prior to the joining step, silicon wafers are chemically cleaned in order to minimize surface contamination. The wafer surface is “hydrophobic” which is achieved using an insitu oxide etching process. The surface quality is also characterized in terms of sub-micron light point defects (LPD’s) counts and haze concentration using a laser beam scanning system. After chemical clean, none of the LPD’s counts is greater than 1.0 μ size. The joining step is performed in a Class 100 or better environment by employing a commercial joiner. Then, thermal bonding operation is carried out by employing an extended stream oxidation cycle at elevated temperatures. Typical failure modes of DWB are misalignment errors and “voided” or “disbonded” regions. The area of “voided” regions for each bonded pair is determined by employing a scanning acoustic microscope. Detailed product throughtput and yield data are presented in this paper. A spreading resistivity profile (SRP) system is employed for accurate measurement of doping carrier concentration as a function of the depth. The superior uniformity for capacitance-voltage characteristics of a Si-Si bonded wafer versus an inverse epitaxial silicon wafer substrate is shown in terms of the device performance. The applications of silicon-direct wafer bonded substrates provide a quantum jump in the device electrical performance of PIN diodes.
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Mendez Gutierrez, Freddy Alfonso, Islam Khaled Abdel Karim, Mario Ramon Oviedo Vargas, Mohamed Abdulrahman Alzaabi, Salim Abdalla Al Ali, Takahiro Toki, Jeughale Ramanujan, et al. "Different Reservoir Pressures in Multi Reservoir Hole Section Conquered by Advanced Planning Techniques." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202085-ms.
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Abstract A Major Operating Company in UAE planned and drilled a challenging 6 inch horizontal drain after crossing twenty-seven formation sub-layers. The heterogeneity of pore pressure varied from equivalent mud weights as high as 10.6 ppg to as low as 7.1 ppg across the exposed reservoirs. Control of the equivalent circulating density (ECD) values to safely drill across these multi-reservoir sections and diverse reservoir pressures was one of the top challenges on this well, as the fracture gradients (FG) ranged from 13.5 ppg across the competent reservoirs to as low as 11ppg across the fractured reservoir section. The offset well data review show that 4 out of 6 wells encountered moderate, severe and total losses with mud weight (MW) ranging from 11 ppg to 11.3 ppg, which were cured by using heavy LCM treatments and in some cases, after several failed attempts to cure losses, cement plugs were used. Historically, the average time spent curing total losses in these wells varied from 2-3.5 weeks causing well cost increments as consequence of this non-productive time. All of the above, without mentioning the extra efforts, resources and risks were faced due to well control and stuck pipe events which occurred on those wells. Engineering and Operation teams worked together to engineer a solution to drill this well in one run while safely maintaining the well under control and managing the losses. The Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) was designed to withstand the well challenges including multiple contingency options. These options allowed:Improving hole quality while tripping using a special type of eccentric reamer stabilizer.Pumping various LCM concentration scenarios through a multi-cycle circulation valve. In addition, a special type of float valve was placed on the top of the BHA as barrier, stopping back flow under surface backpressure or kick scenarios.Optimizing mud weight by using formation pressure while drilling (FPWD) and monitoring both equivalent circulating density ECD and equivalent static density (ESD) by pressure while drilling tools. The drilling fluid was loaded with non-damaging loss circulation material without compromising the MWD/LWD limits. Additionally, the mud rheology was carefully selected and monitored to achieve the desired ECD. On surface, a managed pressure while drilling system was deployed to give control on reservoir pressures. In instances of influx, MPD allows to early detect any kick and controlled by surface back pressure without requiring shut in for applying standard well control techniques. Keeping the well under control by surface back pressure (SBP) during connections time (flow–off). Additionally, MPD also enables the contingency of applying pressurized mud capping in case of unable to control the losses. As decision point, a loss management plan was prepared and implemented. Also, a dynamic formation integrity test was planned and performed to calibrate the fracture gradient across the loss zones. The problematic zone was successfully drilled with one BHA in under six days (5.73 days). The estimated savings for the company were 8 days, which equates to ±1MMUS$ after including the MPD cost which increased the well cost by 200MUS$. To further complement the outright savings, the engineered solution managed to safely stave off operational complications as well as incurring the related complexities and non-productive time (NPT) as recorded on the offset wells. Additionally, well was successfully landed and geo-steered across the target formation and 4½ in liner was run and cemented off-bottom avoiding the need to develop a slot recovery scope on this well with an extra duration of +/-35 days. The engineered solution provided a high level of preparation and contingencies within the BHA, Managed Pressure Drilling Equipment, real time monitoring, mud and cement formulation. The applied techniques allowed the operating company to successfully execute this challenge well within the proposed time and budget.