Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cycle floral'

Comme pour tous les organismes pluricellulaires, la croissance et le développement des plantes nécessitent une coordination de la production de cellules via la mitose et la différenciation cellulaire. La progression du cycle cellulaire est contrôlée par les complexes CDK-cycline. Les inhibiteurs de ces complexes, les CKIs, représentent d’excellents candidats pour réguler cet équilibre entre les processus de prolifération et différentiation cellulaires qui ont lieu au cours du développement. Afin de mettre en évidence le rôle d’intégrateurs potentiel des CKIs, le développement floral a été utilisé en tant que modèle.Grâce à l’utilisation de la qRT-PCR, nous avons montré que durant le développement floral d’Arabidopsis thaliana, un groupe restreint de CKIs était exprimé. Nous avons choisi de travailler sur les deux CKIs les plus exprimés, KRP6 et KRP7. Une caractérisation fine de leur profil d’expression durant le développement a été réalisée en utilisant des approches complémentaires telles que l’analyse de l’activité de leur promoteur, de la dynamique de leur transcrit, de leur expression protéique et de leur régulation post-traductionnelle.Jusqu’à présent, seules des approches ‘gain de fonction’ ont été utilisées pour étudier le rôle des CKIs chez les plantes. C’est pour cela que nous avons choisi des approches ‘perte de fonction’ pour analyser le rôle de KRP6 et de KRP7 au cours du développement floral. Ainsi, nous avons généré des doubles mutants d’insertion krp6-krp7, krp3-krp6, krp3-krp7, des triples mutants d’insertion krp3-krp6-krp7 et diverses lignées ARN interférence avec des promoteurs spécifiques. Malgré l’étude de ces nombreuses lignées, nous n’avons pas réussi à mettre en évidence des effets phénotypiques associés à l’absence de la fonction CKI au cours du développement floral. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la redondance fonctionnelle qui semble exister entre les KRPs, ainsi un quadruple mutant pourrait être nécessaire pour entrainer des modifications développementales. Afin de mieux comprendre cette fonction d’intégrateurs des KRPs au cours du développement floral, les partenaires de KRP6 et de KRP7 ont été recherchés. Des criblages double-hybride ont été réalisés afin d’identifier des ADNc, spécifiques du développement floral, codant des protéines capables d’interagir avec KRP6 et KRP7. De façon intéressante, mis à part les cyclines de type D, un nouveau type d’interaction a pu être mis en évidence. Un sous-groupe de la famille des rémorines est capable d’interagir avec KRP6 ou KRP7 en système double-hybride. Les rémorines sont des protéines spécifiques du règne végétal, associées à la membrane plasmique mais dont la fonction reste à clarifier. Une approche BiFC en protoplastes BY-2 a permis de confirmer l’existence de ce type d’interaction. De plus, l’influence des rémorines sur la localisation intracellulaire des KRPs a été étudiée. En présence de ces nouveaux partenaires, KRP7 est capable d’adopter une localisation nucléo-cytoplasmique.Enfin, des résultats récents ont montré que l’AMPK était capable de phosphoryler p27KIP1, l’homologue fonctionnel des KRPs chez les mammifères. Ces évènements de phosphorylation entrainent des modifications de sa localisation intracellulaire et de son activité inhibitrice vis-à-vis des complexes CDK-cycline. Après la réalisation d’analyses in silico ayant permis de prédire des sites putatifs de phosphorylation par SnRK1, l’homologue de l’AMPK chez A. thaliana, pour certains KRPs, la protéine KRP6 sous forme recombinante a été utilisée pour réaliser des essais kinase in vitro. Une phosphorylation de KRP6 est détectée en présence de la sous unité catalytique activée de SnRK1. Contrairement aux mammifères, cet évènement de phosphorylation entraine une altération de l’activité inhibitrice de KRP6 sans modification de sa localisation intracellulaire. Cette abolition de l’activité de KRP6 a été confirmée in planta. En effet, les phénotypes associés à la surexpression de KRP6 peuvent être atténués par la surexpression simultanée de la sous-unité catalytique de SnRK1. L’existence de ce lien entre KRP6 et SnRK1 met en évidence une relation directe entre l’homéostasie énergétique et la prolifération cellulaire
As in all multicellular organisms, growth and development in plants require the coordination of cell production by division and cell differentiation. Progression through cell cycle is controlled by the kinase activity of CDK/cyclin complexes. Inhibitors of these complexes, CKIs, represent excellent candidates to regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation processes during development. To get insight in the potential integrator role of CKIs, floral development was chosen as a developmental model. Using a real time quantitative PCR approach, we bring to light that during floral development of Arabidopsis thaliana, a restricted subset of CKIs was preferentially expressed. It was decided to focus our work on the two major expressed CKIs, KRP6 and KRP7. A better characterization of their expression patterns of during development was undertaken using complementary approaches such as promoter activity analysis, mRNA dynamics, protein expression and post-translational regulation analysis. Because until now ‘gain of function’ approaches have been largely applied to unravel the role of plant CKIs, our challenge was to detect a floral phenotype for KRP6 and KRP7 loss of function mutants, either using knock-out mutants or RNAi lines. We generated krp6-krp7, krp3-krp6, krp3-krp7 double mutants and krp3-krp6-krp7 triple mutant and also several RNAi lines with specifics promoters. Despite the study of these numerous lines, we were not able to highlight phenotypic effects associated with the absence of CKI function during floral development. All these results emphasis functional redundancy which appears to exist between all KRPs, thus quadruple mutant might be needed to provoke some developmental modification.In order to better understand the integrative function of KRPs during floral development, partners of KRP6 and KRP7 were assessed. Two-hybrid screens were performed to identify cDNAs from a “floral-buds-development” library encoding proteins that are able to interact with KRP6 and KRP7. Interestingly, apart from D-type cyclins, we brought to light a new type of interaction. Indeed, a sub-class of the remorin protein family was able to interact with KRP6 or KRP7 in yeast two-hybrid. Remorins are plant specific plasma membrane associated proteins with unknown function. A BiFC approach in BY-2 protoplasts allowed us to confirm remorins/KRP6-7 interactions. Furthermore, the influence of the presence of remorin proteins on KRP6/7 localisation was assessed. KRP7 is able to adopt a nucleo-cytoplasmic localisation in presence of its new partners.Finally, recent results have shown that AMPK is phosphorylating p27KIP1, KRPs functional counterpart in mammals. These phosphorylation events lead to changes in its cellular localisation and its inhibitory activity toward CDK-cyclin complexes. After in silico analysis aiming to predict potential AMPK Arabidopsis homologue SnRK1 phosphorylation sites within some KRPs protein sequences, recombinant KRP6 was used in order to perform in vitro kinase assays. Phosphorylation occurs efficiently on KRP6 when activated SnRK1 catalytic subunit is present. Furthermore, unlike in mammals, this phosphorylation event leads to an alteration of KRP6 inhibitory activity without modification of its cellular localisation. This abolition of KRP6 activity was confirmed by in planta analysis. Indeed, KRP6 overexpression phenotype can be attenuated by simultaneous SnRK1 catalytic subunit overexpression. The existence of this link between KRP6 and SnRK1 underscores a direct relationship between energy homeostasis and cell proliferation

Le gène MKA code pour une protéine de la famille des Mini zinc Finger", dont la fonction dans le développement était jusqu'alors inconnue. Au cours de cette étude, nous avons mis en place des stratégies permettant d'appréhender la fonction de ce gène in planta. Le gène MKA est majoritairement exprimé au niveau des organes reproducteurs (fleur et fruit). La surexpression de ce gène chez les plantes induit une diminution de la taille de tous les organes liés à une diminution des activités de division cellulaire et d'expansion cellulaire. L'altération de la fonction du gène endogène chez les plantes se traduit par la perte de l'inhibition de l'activité méristématique au niveau de la fleur et des ovules. Le gène MKA code donc un inhibiteur de la croissance des plantes nécessaire à une organogenèse correcte des organes floraux. Une étude primaire de son mécanisme d'action moléculaire, indique qu'il agirait comme un régulateur central des voies de dégradation protéique chez les plantes
MKA gene codes for a member for a Mini zinc Finger protein family, whose function in plant development was not known when this work was initiated. In this study, we have set various strategies aimed at unraveling the function of this gene in planta. MKA is mainly expressed in reproductive organs (flower and fruit). The overexpression of this gene in planta leads to the reduction of all organ size. In contrast, the MKA loss of function leads affects the inhibition of meristem activity which currently occurs during flower and ovule development. MKA thus encodes an inhibitor of plant growth that appears absolutely necessary for a correct organogenesis of reproductive organs. A preliminary studu of the MKA molecular mechanism suggests that it could act as a general regulator of proteolysis in plants

As part of an International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG), extracts of plants from Suriname and Madagascar were bioassayed for cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity. Six cytotoxic extracts and one potential antimalarial were selected for fractionation, and yielded a number of bioactive compounds which were characterized by spectroscopy methods. Craspidospermum verticillatum (Apocynaceae) yielded four known indole alkoids. Casimirella sp (Icacinaceae) gave three new and five known diterpenoids. Pentopetia androsaemifolia (Apocynaceae) afforded one new and three known cardenolide glycosides. Physalis angulata (Solanaceae) yielded seven known physalins. Roupellina boivinnii (Apocynaceae) yielded four known and three new cardenolide glycosides, and three known cucurbitacins were isolated from Octolepis aff. dioica (Thymelaeaceae). In addition to these structural studies, a synthetic approach to lucilactaene, a cell cycle inhibitor was developed.
Ph. D.

In this paper, we present the results of an ethnohistoric study on the possible relationship between ritual, social organization, solar calendars and visual and oral metaphors. This interrelationship can be understood in terms of the use of flowers placed in the headdresses of young and adult men as offerings to deities and their distribution in a sacred landscape space entail to periodical rituals.
En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio etnohistórico sobre la posible relación entre el ritual, la organización social, el calendario solar y metáforas visuales y verbales. Esta interrelación se puede comprender mediante el empleo de flores en los tocados de hombres jóvenes y adultos, en las ofrendas a deidades y su distribución en el espacio del paisaje sagrado vinculado a rituales periódicos.

Tableau d'honneur de la FÉSP
Les tourbières jouent un rôle important dans le cycle du carbone à l’échelle de la planète, principalement par la captation de dioxyde de carbone (CO₂) et l’accumulation de carbone dans la tourbe et par de considérables émissions de méthane (CH₄). Les activités d’extraction de tourbe horticole causent la dégradation des tourbières qui fournissent des services écologiques, dont la régulation du climat. Une méthode de restauration significative, robuste et efficace a été développée pour les tourbières acides dominées par les sphaignes. Il arrive toutefois que les conditions physico-chimiques de la tourbe résiduelle après extraction soient caractéristiques des tourbières minérotrophes (fens). Lorsqu’appliquée dans un contexte de restauration de fens, la méthode de restauration par transfert de la strate muscinale s’est avérée peu efficace pour le retour des espèces vasculaires et muscinales typiques des fens. Dans certains contextes, la technique de remouillage sans autre action de restauration pourrait s’avérer efficace pour restaurer les fens post-extraction. Le but de cette étude est d’évaluer l’efficacité du remouillage à rétablir la végétation caractéristique des fens, ainsi que leur fonction de séquestration du carbone, et cela une et dix saisons de croissance après remouillage. Le site à l’étude se trouve dans le sud-est du Manitoba, au Canada. Les données ont été récoltées durant les étés 2016 et 2017. Le remouillage peut rapidement mener à des échanges de CO₂ typiques des tourbières naturelles. Le remouillage a résulté en des écosystèmes dominés par des espèces vasculaires typiques des milieux humides et des tourbières minérotrophes et ombrotrophes. Dix saisons de croissance après remouillage, un tapis discontinu de mousses typiques des tourbières minérotrophes s’est rétabli. Le remouillage peut être utilisé de manière efficace pour la restauration de fens après extraction. La gestion des niveaux d’eau s’avère primordiale pour favoriser une structure de végétation semblable à celle retrouvée dans les fens naturels. De trop hauts niveaux d’eau sont à éviter pour empêcher de générer de très hautes émissions de CH₄ et maximiser la fonction de séquestration du carbone. Ce mémoire se divise en trois chapitres : une introduction générale au sujet, suivie d'un corps de mémoire sous forme d'article scientifique puis d’une courte conclusion

Cada vez más, las empresas de transporte de viajeros se encuentran enmarcadas por un reto financiero para su supervivencia en un mundo globalizado, y están en busca de una gestión eficiente para optimizar los costes de explotación de las flotas. El principal objetivo es obtener el mínimo coste por kilómetro recorrido de los autobuses durante toda su vida útil, pero sin olvidar la influencia de la edad y del kilometraje sobre los vehículos. Desde un punto de vista puramente económico, es evidente que se obtengan los costes de operación y mantenimiento más bajos en los primeros años de trabajo de los vehículos. Pero cuando se consideran otros tipos de costes, como la compra del vehículo, impuestos, subvenciones o incentivos fiscales, y la necesidad de sustitución por nuevos vehículos dotados de innovaciones tecnológicas en conformidad con las exigentes normas de sostenibilidad y sus altos costes, la optimización económica es un reto para los operadores. Así, la determinación del momento óptimo de reemplazo es una tarea cada vez más dependiente de la disponibilidad, fiabilidad y precisión de los datos que se manejen, debido a la incertidumbre en la predicción de algunos valores y costes, tales como los futuros precios del combustible, costes de mantenimiento y la tasa de utilización. Teniendo en cuenta que este proceso ocurre a nivel global en diferentes sectores, existen diferentes modelos y herramientas de gestión que permiten encontrar al menos una solución para el problema de reemplazo. En este trabajo se han planteado dos modelos clásicos aplicados en problemáticas similares, para adaptarlos a la resolución del caso de flotas de transporte urbano de dos países diferentes, España y Brasil, propiciando así un análisis bajo condiciones y entornos distintos. Con el acceso a los datos reales de las flotas, fue desarrollada e implementada la metodología combinada entre la herramienta gerencial Life Cycle Cost y el modelo matemático de Simulación Monte Carlo, mediante la realización de un análisis estocástico, considerando tanto la edad y el kilometraje promedio anual. El estudio ha demostrado que la inclusión de las variables aleatorias en el proceso de determinación de la edad óptima de cambio, junto con la mejor tasa de utilización de los vehículos en función del kilometraje medio, aporta ventajas al proceso de reemplazo convencional, al permitir una perspectiva más confiable de los futuros escenarios, mediante el análisis probabilístico dependiente de las variables económicas y técnicas. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan hacia la eficiencia del modelo, y que podrá ser utilizado de forma satisfactoria en otros estudios comparativos en flotas de transporte urbano.
The passenger transport companies have been increasingly challenged by financial restrictions for their survival in a globalised world and they are searching out an efficient management to optimise the exploitation costs of the fleets. The main objective is not only reaching the lowest average cost per mile of the buses during their lives, but also reaching such aim considering the influence of the age and mileage over the vehicles. From an economic point of view, it is evident that the operational and maintenance costs must be lower at the first working years of the vehicle. However, when other types of costs are taken into consideration, such as the purchasing price, taxes, subsidies or tax incentives, the need of the replacement for new vehicles endowed with technologic innovations in accordance with sustainable rules and their high costs, the economic optimisation becomes a challenge for the managers. Likewise, the determination of the optimum replacement moment is a more and more dependent task on the availability, reliability and precision of the data in use due to the uncertainty and unreliability when predicting some values and costs, such as future fuel prices, maintenance costs and bus use rate. In view of this process happens at a global level over different sectors of the economy, there are several models and tools of management that leads to a solution to the replacement problem. In this study, two classic modules were applied in similar conditions, however, some changes were required to adapt them for the resolution in two urban transport fleet in two different countries, Spain and Brazil, generating an analysis under different conditions and environments though. Using the access of real date from the two fleets, a methodology was developed combining the Life Cycle Cost tool and the mathematical model of Monte Carlo Simulation, by performing a stochastic analysis considering both age and average annual mileage for optimum vehicle replacement. This study has demonstrated that the inclusion of random variables into the determination process of optimum replacement age together with the best mileage of the vehicle in function of average mileage improve the conventional replacement process since it creates a more reliable perfective on future successes through probabilistic analysis dependent on economic and technical variables. The results suggest that the model is effective, and it could be used satisfactorily in other comparative studies about urban transport fleet.
Cada vegada més, les empreses de transport de viatgers es troben majors reptes financers per a la seva supervivència en un món globalitzat, i estan a la recerca d'una gestió eficient per optimitzar els costos d'explotació de les flotes. El principal objectiu és obtenir el mínim cost per quilòmetre recorregut dels autobusos durant tota la seva vida útil, però sense oblidar la influència de l'edat i del quilometratge sobre els vehicles. Des d'un punt de vista purament econòmic, és evident que s'obti els costos d'operació i manteniment més baixos en els primers anys de treball dels vehicles. Però quan es consideren altres tipus de costos, com la compra del vehicle, impostos, subvencions o incentius fiscals, i la necessitat de substitució per nous vehicles dotats d'innovacions tecnològiques en conformitat amb les exigents normes de sostenibilitat i els seus alts costos, l'optimització econòmica és un repte per als operadors. Així, la determinació del moment òptim de reemplaçament és una tasca cada vegada més dependent de la disponibilitat, fiabilitat i precisió de les dades que es manegen, a causa de la incertesa en la predicció d'alguns valors i costos, com ara els futurs preus del combustible, costos de manteniment i la taxa d'utilització. Tenint en compte que aquest procés ocorre a nivell global a diferents sectors, hi ha diferents models i eines de gestió que permeten trobar almenys una solució per al problema de reemplaçament. En aquest treball s'han plantejat dos models clàssics aplicats en problemàtiques similars, per adaptar-los a la resolució del cas de flotes de transport urbà de dos països diferents, Espanya i el Brasil, propiciant així una anàlisi sota condicions i entorns diferents. Amb l'accés a les dades reals de les flotes, va ser desenvolupada i implementada la metodologia combinada entre l'eina gerencial Life Cycle Cost i el model matemàtic de simulació Monte Carlo, mitjançant la realització d'una anàlisi estocàstica, considerant tant l'edat com la mitjana de quilometratge anual. L'estudi ha demostrat que la inclusió de les variables aleatòries en el procés de determinació de l'edat òptima de canvi, juntament amb la millor taxa d'utilització dels vehicles en funció del quilometratge mitjà, aporta avantatges al procés de reemplaçament convencional, en permetre una perspectiva més fiable dels futurs escenaris, mitjançant l'anàlisi probabilístic depenent de les variables econòmiques i tècniques. Els resultats obtinguts apunten cap a l'eficiència del model, i que podrà ser utilitzat de forma satisfactòria en altres estudis comparatius en flotes de transport urbà.
Sá Riechi, JLD. (2018). Desarrollo de un modelo para la optimización del reemplazo de vehículos para una flota de transporte urbano de pasajeros [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/99567
TESIS

Tese de doutoramento em Ciências (Especialidade em Biologia)
A notoriedade de Quercus suber em Portugal é reforçada, não só pela sua importância económica devido à cortiça, mas também pelas bolotas usadas para alimentação animal. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na indução e libertação de dormência que intervêm no crescimento anual da planta, ou sobre as redes genéticas que controlam a separação das flores masculinas e femininas, tanto no tempo como no espaço. O principal objetivo desta tese é obter informações sobre os mecanismos moleculares que regulam o ciclo de dormência dos gomos, a indução de flores, e o desenvolvimento de órgãos masculinos e femininos em Q. suber. Sabe-se que a maioria deste tipo de processos são modulados por fatores epigenéticos. Este trabalho proporcionou a primeira caracterização bioinformática de reguladores epigenéticos em Q. suber e, portanto, pode ser utilizado como plataforma para estudos futuros que abordem o seu envolvimento nesta espécie. A regulação epigenética das transições crescimento-dormência, durante o desenvolvimento dos gomos em Q. suber, foi avaliada através do estudo da expressão de reguladores epigenéticos, e pelos padrões epigenéticos avaliados por imunolocalização. Estes resultados destacam que o ciclo de dormência está sob controlo epigenético. A expressão dos homólogos de genes reguladores de dormência identificados em Q. suber foi analisada por qRT-PCR. Os resultados sugerem que os genes QsSHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-like (QsSVP-like) foram os candidatos mais prováveis a estarem envolvidos no controlo da dormência dos gomos. Bibliotecas de cDNA de estádios iniciais e tardios do desenvolvimento de flores masculinas e femininas, previamente geradas, foram mapeadas contra o genoma de referência de Q. suber, e a expressão diferencial foi re-avaliada através de uma análise mais precisa. Outros transcriptomas disponíveis de Q. suber (gomos, bolotas, embriões, cortiça e raízes) foram analisados para selecionar genes com expressão especificamente masculina ou feminina. Adicionalmente, os níveis de expressão de homólogos de reguladores de floração foram medidos por qRT-PCR em folhas e gomos. Os resultados sugerem que a indução de flores masculinas é separada temporalmente da indução de flores femininas, e que a determinação da identidade dos órgãos sexuais em flores masculinas ou femininas pode ocorrer pela expressão incorreta do gene de classe B QsPISTILLATA (QsPI). Neste trabalho, a regulação de QsPI foi avaliada através da análise de fragmentos do seu promotor, usando a técnica de yeast one-hybrid. Em suma, o conjunto de resultados obtidos nesta tese ajudou a decifrar as redes genéticas e epigenéticas envolvidas no ciclo dormência dos gomos e no desenvolvimento de flores unisexuais em Q. suber, e poderá complementar estudos futuros em outras árvores com caracteristicas semelhantes.
The notoriety of Quercus suber in Portugal is strengthened, not only by its economic importance as a cork producer but also as an acorn producer for animal feed. Despite this economic significance, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment and release of dormancy that mediate the annual growth of the plant, or the genetic networks that control the temporal and spatial separation of the male and female flowers. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis is to gain insight about the molecular mechanisms driving bud dormancy cycle, flower induction and male and female flower organ development in Q. suber. Most of these processes are known to be modulated by epigenetic factors. In this study, we provided the first bioinformatic characterization of the complete set of epigenetic regulators found in Q. suber and, thus, can be used as a platform for future studies addressing their involvement in this species. The epigenetic regulation of growth-dormancy transitions during bud development in Q. suber was assessed by studying the expression of epigenetic regulators and the epigenetic patterns evaluated by immunolocalization. The results highlight that the dormancy cycle is under epigenetic control. The homologs of genes known to regulate bud dormancy were identified in Q. suber, and their expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results suggest that QsSHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE- like (QsSVP-like) genes were the strongest candidates to be involved in the maintenance of bud dormancy. Non-normalized cDNA libraries of early and late stages of male and female flower development, previously generated using 454 pyrosequencing technology, were mapped against the Q. suber genome, and the differential expression between male and female flower stages was re-analyzed in order to perform a more accurate analysis. The presence of differential expressed genes between male and female flowers were then analyzed in other available Q. suber transcriptome libraries (buds, acorns, embryos, cork and roots) to select genes with male- or female- specific expression. In addition, the temporal expression levels of Q. suber homologs to the flowering regulators were measured by qRT-PCR in leaves and buds and the results suggest that induction of the unisexual flowers is temporally separated and that the determination of male and female flower organ identity may occur by the misexpression of QsPISTILLATA (QsPI). The potential upstream regulation of QsPI expression was then evaluated by promoter-fragment analysis on a yeast one-hybrid system. In general, the set of results obtained in this thesis helped to decipher the genetic and epigenetic networks involved in bud dormancy dynamics and in unisexual flower development in Q. suber, and may complement future studies in other trees with similar developmental behaviors.
This work was funded by FEDER funds through the Operational Competitiveness Programme-COMPETE and by National Funds through FCT—Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia under the projects PTDC/AGR-GPL/118508/2010, "Characterization of Reproductive Development of Quercus subet and PTDC/AGR-FOR/3356/2014, "Characterization of cork formation and reproductive biology in a cork oak hybrids population" and the PhD grant ref. SFRH/BD/111529/2015. Work supported by UID/MULTI/04046/2013 and UID/AGR/04129/2013 centre grant from FCT, Portugal (to BiolSl and LEAF, respectively).

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
107
The built environment puts a strain on our resources worldwide, therefore there is a need to implement circular economy. The application of circular economy in the construction industry is still in its infancy stage and research tends to focus on eco-parks and manufactured products ignoring the impacts on buildings. Circular economy is a restorative and regenerative economic approach that aims at retaining as much value as possible of products, parts and materials whilst creating a system that allows for the long life, optimal reuse, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling of products and materials. Moving from a linear economy to a circular economy presents significant benefits in the construction industry. The limited number of studies on circular economy verified the positive environmental effects in the construction industry. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts and carbon footprint of the Holland Pavilion designed for disassembly. Life Cycle Assessment is a method used for quantifying the environmental impacts in the buildings. All life cycle stages are considered for this study: acquisition and production of materials, on site construction, use and maintenance, and deconstruction. This research focuses on a cradle to grave life cycle, based on data collected from bill of materials, as well as data from literature and various authors. Life cycle assessment modelling was performed using SimaPro 9.0 software connected to an Ecoinvent database. In order to access the life cycle impacts ReCiPe was used which focuses on more impact categories. The stand-alone LCA results of the Holland Pavilion using m2 as the functional unit will show that the building materials have a high environmental impact, resulting in a total environmental damage of 6.33 Pt and a carbon footprint of 140 KgCO2eq. The stand-alone LCA results of the Holland Pavilion using the whole building as the functional unit, results in a total environmental damage of 2.17 KPt and a carbon footprint of 2.8E5 KgCO2eq. Two scenarios were further analysed and these are recycling and reusing of building materials at the end-of-life of the Pavilion. The recycling and reuse scenario will reveal environmental benefits. Results show that reusing building materials has a higher environmental benefit. Government policies and tax relief can be introduced for reusing and recycling building material. This study represents a contribution of circular economy and Life cycle assessment in the built environment; a stepping stone to shape future research and may be used by designers to improve sustainability of buildings.

Title: The effect of flat feet on the stability of the ankle joint of floorball players. Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to determine whether a flat feet has any effects on the floorball players' ankle joint stability. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the chronic ankle instability, other leg pathologies and on the options of therapeutic interventions. Eventually, the thesis provides summary and output data for physiotherapist, sport couches and the examined players. Methods: First a literature study was conducted to establish a theoretical framework. Based on the feature/aspect examination of longitudinal foot arching and an initial questionnaire 10 particular subjects aged 22 to 29 were selected, all of them form the TJ Tatran Střešovice team. The subjects were divided in 2 groups - with longitudinal flat feet and without longitudinal flat feet pathology. The examined subjects were scored with negative points according to occurrence of any pathologies. Both groups were also benchmarked in the Star Excursion Balance Test that determined feet dynamic stability index. Results: The examination proved that flat feet affects the stability of the ankle joint as the subjects of the group without longitudinal flat feet scored results that were 31% better than results of the subjects with...

碩士
明新科技大學
土木工程與環境資源管理系碩士班
107
Circular economies and Building Information Modeling (BIM) have gradually become the trend in the construction industry. However, at the current stage there still is room for improvement in implementation. As these two concepts have no been completely introduced to the construction practice, the users and related authorities are not always familiar with how to apply them. Take the Holland Pavilion in Taichung as an example case study: it is based on a short construction cycle to build a BIM-based circular economy application model, and by building the necessary data from the circular economy into BIM - and using it through the BIM objective orientation and database-based functionality - synergy is achieved between the two. (Databases include OmniClass, Construction to Operation Building Information Exchange (COBie) and Public Construction Cost Estimate System (PCCES).) The huge database from the backend of the model was extracted to estimate the residual construction value of the Holland Pavilion in Taichung after half a year, and the data was retained in the BIM model through the above coding and the information gathered from the standard construction to construct a BIM-based building materials information model. From this the benefits of BIM in the circular economy could be assessed. In conclusion, BIM-based circular economy applications models can effectively support users' visual operations, database management, evaluations of the cost of construction and the introduction of coding rules, stringing BIM technology into the whole life-cycle of the projects. This way of storing and exchanging information helps participants to jointly collect all non-geometric attribute data throughout the projects, which helps the management of the circular economy at each stage.