Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cycle monétaire'
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van, den Hauwe Ludwig. "Foundations of business cycle research." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090012.
Full textThe dissertation contains a critical examination of different conceptualizations of cyclical phenomena in the macro-economy ; it provides an in-depth exploration of the classical, monetary approach, also know as the Austrian theory of the business cycle, which regained academic respectability recently. The author adds a comparative institutional dimension by comparing different institutional contexts, in particular with respect to the tendencies they may manifest towards economic instability, intertemporal discoordination etc. The thesis further contains : a critical examination of the arguments for and against fractional reserve free banking ; a critical comment about a recent attempt to incorporate notions drawn from the contemporary theory of the behavior towards risk in a theory of the business cycle. Particular attention is also given to methodological questions, such as : the legitimacy of the use of numerical probability concepts ; the quest for adequate micro-foundations for a theory of the business cycle
Scannavino, Aimé. "Allocation des ressources financières : contrôle monétaire et cycle de crédit." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA020090.
Full textThis thesis has for subject the integration of credit in economic analysis. This theme is treated first in the perspective of financial rationing phenomena, secondly through the relations between credit and economic activity; study is conducted in the economic cycle viewpoint. Consequences for monetary policy are, at last, infered
Razanamparany, Haja Mirana. "Optimalité de la Zone Euro?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0054.
Full textWe examine the optimality of the euro zone two decades after the debate between the European Commission and Frankel and Rose (1998) versus Krugman (1993). The study focuses on the founding members between 1980 and 2010, and it also deals with the expansion of the currency area to CEECs. We retain a main convergence criterion through the analysis: the convergence of business cycles in member countries [Mundell (1961)]. The analysis of the convergence of cycles (with their bilateral correlations) and shocks at their origin (using a SVAR model) is completed by the study of its determinants (using simultaneous equations models and dynamic panel models). We then address the issue of endogeneity of the optimality criteria and its conditions of realization. Finally, the case of the real estate sector deserves to be studied in light of the characteristics of the economic crisis of 2007 - 2008 which has greatly affected catching up members. The analysis of the housing cycles takes also into account the specific characteristics of the housing sector. The area displays differences that are growing again with the crisis and calls upon the viability of the Euro Zone and the optimal currency area
Vila, Adrien. "Cycles et instabilité chez I. Fisher : l'équilibre à l'épreuve de la monnaie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH035/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of money, especially of bank deposits,in Irving Fisher’s (1867–1947) analysis of the general level of activity determination, which constitutes nowadays the foundation of the contemporary quantitative theory.We show how his explanation of monetary instability evolves by comparing his credit cycle theory (1911) with the debt-deflation (1932, 1933). Our aim is to highlight the influence of the development of bank currency (from the end of the 19th century) and financial markets (during the interwar period) on Fisher’s economic thought, and through him, on the liberal conception of monetary neutrality. In this way, we draw the logical structures of its two analyses, by pointing out that they are based on qualitatively different mechanisms, one banking, and the other one financial, involving variables and processes of different nature. However, once this heterogeneousness advanced, it is possible to reconcile the two theories of Fisher by underlining a deeper invariance concerning the destabilizing character of money. That is why his two big reforms projects, the compensated-dollar (1911, 1920), and then the 100% Money (1935), are intended to answer at the same purpose: stabilize the value of money.Chapter 1 introduces the dynamic of the debt-deflation to discuss his relation with thecredit cycle theory in the chapter 2. In the latter, we assert that this analysis of Fisher is only a particular case of a more general model in which, contrary to what he thinks at the time, the stability of the equilibrium is not guaranteed. In the chapter 3, we discuss the solutions he proposed to solve the monetary disorders. More precisely, we specify the links between his perception of instability and the reforms he suggests to neutralize the influence of money on the real economic variables. In the chapter 4, we pursue our study of Fisher’s conception of instability by examining the logical and historical foundations of the notion of “Fisher effect” in the meaning given by James Tobin (1980). Finally, the chapter 5 deals with the reception and the posterity of Fisher’s ideas regarding financial instability. We show that the debt-deflation is neither ignored, nor totally rejected by the economists in the 1930s and 1940s, then that it occupies an important place from 1970s in the constitution of the neo-Keynesian and post-Keynesian research program
Mardini, Patrick. "Analyse monétaire du cycle économique : application à la grande récession de 2007-2010." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090005.
Full textThe 2007-2010 great recession is often explained by the contagion of the financial crisis to the real economy. Our thesis challenges this assertion and shows that both the financial crisis and the economic recession are the consequences of the same problem: the downturn part of the business cycle. First, we emphasize the deficiencies of the mainstream literature and we reveal the counterproductive character of their recommendations. Then, we reconstruct the theoretical framework of the Austrian business-cycle theory. We show that fractional reserve banking constantly operates an expansive monetary policy and generates credit cycles, crisis and recessions. Finally, we compare our analysis to the empirical data of the 2007-2010 recession and draw up an optimal policy for a quick recovery
Wolf, Clara. "Housing and monetary policy : three essays on empirical housing economics and international monetary policy." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0067.
Full textThis thesis investigates heterogeneous topics since it is related to both housing economics and monetary economics, and uses various tools including theoretical modeling, microeconomic policy evaluation and macroeconomic empirical approach. It is constituted of three chapters. The first one, co-authored with Eric Monnet, is interested in the relationship between demographic changes within countries and housing investment. The second one, co-authored with Guillaume Chapelle and Benjamin Vignolles, assesses the impact of a housing tax credit on several dimensions of the housing market. Finally, the third one studies how monetary policy should react to capital inflows when there are frictions on the financial market
Diallo, Hamidou. "Hétérogénéités régionales et politiques macroéconomiques dans une zone monétaire le cas de l'UEMOA." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020090/document.
Full textThis paper draws lessons from the Eurozone which represents the most advanced stage of economic integration in the European Union. However the alternative adjustment mechanisms in place there prove to be insufficient to absorb asymmetric shocks endured by member states. We used various methods such as convergence barometers, decision tree classification, and Merton model in order to assess the effectiveness of the economic policies in place within the WAEMU . We studied, through empirical data from 1994 to 2015, the heterogeneity of the main macroeconomic aggregates between the countries of the area and it’s evolution over time. Contrary to expectations, discrepancies still exist between countries. In accordance with the goal of macroeconomic policy measured, our results reveal that either the effects of migration between groups, or the changes in performance within groups give an account of the changes in performance inside groups. Our investigations eventually brings to light that the expansion to the ECOWAS amplifies the divergences.Lastly, our results show that the Taylor rule has been well put to use in comparison to targeted inflation since 2003. This rule can be regarded as a "basic rule" adaptable to the policy of the future central bank after having lifted the difficulty in determining the reference values in these heterogeneous economic areas
Sess, Adiabouah Anna. "Contribution à l'analyse du cycle des économies de la zone franc CFA : Estimation du cycle à l'aide d'une version modifiée du filtre de Hodrick-Prescott." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020062.
Full textBouabdallah, Othman. "Apport des modèles non-linéaires dans la prévision des agrégats macroéconomiques : applications au cycle économique et à la politique monétaire." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010035.
Full textOman, William. "Essays on the financial cycle and macroeconomics : measuring macrofinancial pro-cyclicality." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E012.
Full textThis dissertation studies the role of the financial cycle in macroeconomics. Chapter 1 studies the synchronization of business cycles and financial cycles in the euro area. Chapter 2 proposes a new, financeadjusted measure of the output gap. Chapter 3 proposes a simple and intuitive indicator to quantify the procyclicality of fiscal policy based on output gap and cyclicallyadjusted primary fiscal balance estimates. The dissertation shows that taking account of the financial cycle can help inform the analysis of macrofinancial fluctuations. A key finding is that Greece, Ireland and Spain experienced a common macrofinancial boombust cycle in the 2000s. The evidence in the three chapters of this dissertation has implications for the main areas of macroeconomic policy: monetary policy (macroprudential and monetary policies should be coordinated), fiscal policy (fiscal policy pro-cyclicality can be reduced by taking account of the financial cycle in estimating structural fiscal balances), and financial policy (financial stability policies can complement fiscal and monetary policies in stabilizing the cycle)
Pinchetti, Marco Luca. "Essays on Business Cycles and Monetary Policy." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/314638.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Mrad, Houda. "Business cycle fluctuations and monetary policy in emerging economies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0187.
Full textThis thesis investigates different aspects of the fluctuations in emerging economies. First, it examines the MENA countries’ context to establish the empirical regularities. Then, to replicate the MENA countries’ business cycle patterns observed in the annual data, we estimate a standard real business cycle (RBC) model to assess the performance of the neoclassical model with transitory and permanent shocks. This is the purpose of chapter 2 which results support the assumption "The cycle is the trend". The second aspect refers to the importance of financial frictions and is addressed in the third chapter which adds new financial shocks to the stochastic growth model. We determine the role of financial frictions in the Tunisian economy not as the source of business cycle fluctuations but as an amplifier of the effects of total factor of productivity shocks.The fourth chapter analyzes monetary policy in emerging economies. Firstly, we examine the inflation targeting regime under the lens of a New Keynesian forward-looking model. We also, estimate a Taylor rule and some other alternatives in order to determine which rule to adopt within this framework. Empirical results support the implementation of a strict inflation targeting regime, with an inflation forecast based rule as a reaction function. Secondly, we explore the optimal monetary policy rules using a New Keynesian DSGE model. In particular we assume that information stickiness as the only type of rigidity in the model. We find that Whereas, Taylor rule in its original version provides substantial welfare gains, price-level targeting regime was suboptimal
Arizala, Escamilla Francisco. "Characterizing Fiscal and Monetary Policies : the Role of Macroeconomic Fundamentals and the Economic Cycle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA103.
Full textOne of the most fundamental questions in economics is what should be the role of economic authorities in addressing fluctuations in economic activity. This dissertation, organized in three chapters, analyses how economic policies can be characterized across economic structures and along the business cycle. In particular, the first part of the dissertation focuses on fiscal policy and addresses the question of how different structural characteristics across countries affect the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The second part analyses the conduct of monetary policy in inflation targeting countries and how it has been affected by the unprecedented expansionary monetary policies implemented by advanced economies since the recent global financial and economic crisis. The chapter highlights the role of domestic and external factors affecting the determination of monetary policy. Given that fiscal and monetary policies are the two most important tools available for policymakers in terms of macroeconomic management, the third chapter of the dissertation analyses the theoretical grounds for these policies to be used in a countercyclical manner, and studies how in practice these policies have responded to economic fluctuations in Latin America over the last two decades. In particular the chapter analyses the degree to which fiscal and monetary policies reinforce or counterbalance fluctuations in economic activity, i.e. whether these policies have been procyclical or countercyclical, and discusses the role of economic institutions
Israel, Elie. "Analysis of Monetary Policy Cycles and Economic Elites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILA023.
Full textThis thesis is structured around two main independent themes, each articulated in twoseparate chapters. The first focuses on the economics of elites, with particular attentionto the mechanisms of elite rotation in international organizations and national politicalsystems.The first chapter focuses on the International Monetary Fund International MonetaryFund (IMF), examining the determinants of Executive Board turnover between 2009 and2021. The analysis shows that economic crises, particularly debt crises, have a significantimpact on the tenure of these elites, highlighting the importance of external factors ontheir stability, alongside implicated factors such as professional experience or education.This approach provides a better understanding of the systemic pressures faced by thesetechnocratic elites in crisis environments.The second chapter deals with political elites, with a focus on women's access topower in modern democracies. We have applied a rigorous quantitative methodologybased on an unpublished database of heads of state from 1950 to 2015. The resultsreveal that economic and political crises play a key role in women's accession to power,confirming the existence of the “glass cliff” phenomenon, where women are more oftenappointed in high-risk contexts. This in-depth analysis contributes to the literature ongender and political leadership, highlighting the specific challenges women face in systemsdominated by male structures.The second theme of this thesis focuses on political-economic cycles.The third chapter examines the specific dynamics of cycles in Haiti, a country besetby economic and political instability. The study shows that elections in Haiti are oftenassociated with considerable economic manipulation, exacerbated by a fragile institutionalvenvironment dominated by clientelistic practices. Data analysis shows that money supplyfluctuations and inflation episodes are directly correlated with election periods, illustratingthe failings of the country's fiscal and monetary regulation mechanisms.The fourth chapter focuses on the United Kingdom, analyzing the politico-monetarycycles prior to the Bank of England's independence in 1997. The study reveals thatpre-election manipulation of monetary policy was commonplace, especially under Liberalgovernments. This analysis demonstrates the importance of institutional reforms instabilizing economic cycles, and underlines the need for independent management ofmonetary instruments to guarantee long-term stability.This thesis makes major contributions to the study of elite rotation and political-economiccycles, while opening up promising avenues of research
Lemoine, Matthieu. "Econométrie du cycle européen : analyse du cycle de croissance dans la zone euro à l'aide des modèles à composantes inobservables." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat15gci3.
Full textThis thesis analyses the empirical properties of European business cycles and their consequences for economic policies. For this purpose, we develop unobserved component models and apply them to GDP series of the Euro area, the United Kingdom and, as a mean of comparison, the United States. Estimation is on a period ranging from the 1960s to the 2000s. Our results concern the convergence between national short-term economic evolution, together with the characterisation of economic fluctuations at an aggregate level. Firstly, each national short-term evolution does not only reflect that of the Euro area, but it belongs to sub-groups driven by Germany, France and Italy. Such disparities would require enforcing the coordination between fiscal policies. Secondly, in comparison with the American case, the European short-term situation is particularly troubled by a cycle, which has an average period of 3 years and is related to inventory variations. Detection of such cycles would improve the timing of economic policies. Thirdly, we develop a new model, which shows that the cycles of the United Kingdom and of the Euro area have synchronized over the 1990s and that their correlation has decreased. This suggests that it would be delicate for the United Kingdom to join the Euro area. Finally, real-time estimation of the cycle suffers from a strong uncertainty that can be reduced by incorporating some information about inflationary pressures to the model. The level of uncertainty is lower in the Euro area than in the United States. This implies that the monetary policy of the ECB should become more contra-cyclical than it has been since 1999
Israel, Karl-Friedrich. "The costs and benefits of Central banking : Modern monetary economics along a methodological dividing line." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0036/document.
Full textThe evaluation of the costs and benefits of central banking is to a considerable degree dependent on the analytical approach pursued.Instrumentalist-positivist approaches, as discussed in the first part of the thesis, emphasize the importance of empirical-quantitativepredictions for the development of economic models. Within this line of research, there exists a strong emphasis on those consequences of central banking that have an immediate and readily measurable empirical counterpart in the observed economic environment.Hence, the beneficial short-term effects of expansionary monetary policy in terms of increased economic activity are studied in detail and are well understood by proponents of these approaches. Internal counterarguments are based on acknowledged ignorance about potentially destabilizing side-effects. The costs of central banking are essentially seen as welfare losses from decreasedeconomic activity or excessive price inflation as results of deviations from an optimal monetary policy path. The causal- realist approach, as studied in the second part, assigns a narrower role to quantitative-empirical tools of analysis. This line of research allows for a fruitful extension of the cost-benefit analysis to more abstract notions such as systemic risk and moral hazard that can be analyzed qualitatively. It is argued that modern central banking is a contributing factor to both. Moreover, business cycles and wealth redistribution from bottom to top as important effects of credit expansion are analyzed. An alternative explanation of stagflation based on the process of political interventionism in response to unintended consequences of monetary policy is proposed
Coudert, Thomas. "Essays on labor market in macroeconomics." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB013/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to both theoretical and empirical aspects of the literature on the labor market in macroeconomics. On the theoretical side, I provide insights both on the impact of labor market institutions on monetary policy and on the efficiency of fiscal policy according to the business cycle position. On the empirical side, I discuss the spillover effects of the Germany’s labor market reforms on its trade partners. How do labor markets institutions affect monetary policy? Has fiscal policy the same effect on labor market during economic downturns than during economic upturns? Can the German labor market and fiscal reforms account for Germany’s new trading performances?
Daudignon, Sandra. "Three essays in monetary and financial economics." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E063.
Full textThe first chapter analyses the impact of the central clearing requirement for swaps, which entered into force in 2013, on the derivatives activity of US banks. Part of treated banks, ie banks that are not eligible to the "end-user exception", reallocate their portfolio by substituting OTC interest rate swaps (regulated products) for OTC interest rate options (unregulated products). This suggests that these banks might engage in regulatory arbitrage. The second chapter allows for an integrated natural rate of interest in a new Keynesian mode! and studies its implications for optimal monetary policy under commitment. It shows that systematic increases in the optimal rate of inflation become warranted in response to downward shocks to the long-run natural rate, once this drifts below 1%. Nevertheless a constant price level targeting rule of the form put forward in Eggertsson and Woodford (2003) continues providing a good approximation to optimal commitment, as long as the long-run natural rate remains in positive territory. The third chapter investigates the link between micro-uncertainty, defined as the cross sectional dispersion of firms' idiosyncratic productivity, and the allocation of credit across firms. It analyses the equilibrium of a collateralized debt market where banks and financial investors internet in presence of adverse selection and signaling. The mode) predicts that a jump in micro uncertainty may generate a change of the information regime which may translate into a credit crunch. In this case, a high micro uncertainty restores the efficient allocation of credit as banks finance only high quality projects
Nguyen, Hoang-Sang. "Three essays on the relation between trade and business cycle synchronization." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G014.
Full textThis dissertation studies the impacts of bilateral trade on business cycle synchronization. First, the chapter 1 examines the relation between trade integration and business cycle interdependences in the European Union. The results obtained indicate that the accession to the European Union and the adoption of the euro enable the Central and Eastern European Countries to amplify the effects of trade on macroeconomic interdependences and to integrate more rapidly into the euro area. Second, the research focuses on the trade-comovement puzzle, according to which theoretical models are unable to replicate trade effects on business cycle correlations as strong as those estimated by empirical studies. By decomposing the bilateral trade into the intensive margin and extensive margin, I find that the extensive margin of trade not only increases the correlation of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) between trading partners but also increases the correlation between each country's shares of domestic goods. This result emphasizes that new exported products transmit TFP shocks and improve instead of deteriorating the terms-of-trade. Therefore, the extensive margin of trade should be integrated into theoretical models to solve the puzzle. Third, in chapter 3, I find that news TFP shocks, in combination with bilateral trade, are an important source of the international business cycle instead of contemporaneous TFP shocks. As a result, countries should focus on bilateral trade with innovative and technology-diffusing countries in order to benefit from economic booms generated by the news productivity shock
Ninou, Bozou Caroline. "Aversion au risque et concurrence bancaire : disponibilité des crédits et cycle économique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020052.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on two determinants of credit availability and more broadly, the business cycle: banking market structure, and risk and time preferences. First, in an empirical chapter, we demonstrate a negative relationship between the concentration of the banking sector and the availability of credit. We also show that this relationship depends on the specific characteristics of firms and banks. Secondly, in a theoretical chapter, we compare, in the framework of a nonlinear Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model, different banking market structures and we analyse their respective impact on the business cycle and households’ welfare. We find that a concentrated oligopolistic structure mitigates the transmission mechanism of financial shocks and improves the households’ welfare compared to other market structures. In the final chapter, we analyse, through a nonlinear DSGE model, the impact of an increase in the degree of risk aversion on the transmission mechanisms of economic shocks. Moreover, considering the time-varying nature of risk aversion, we evaluate the transmission mechanisms of risk aversion shocks to the whole economy
Devulder, Antoine. "Involuntary unemployment and financial frictions in estimated DSGE models." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E016/document.
Full textThanks to their internal consistency. DSGE models, built on microecoc behavor, have become prevalenl for business cycle and policy analysis in institutions. The recent crisis and governments' concern about persistent unemployment advocate for mechanism, capturing imperfect adjustments in credit and labor markets. However, popular models such as the one of Smets and Wouters (2003-2007), although unsophisticated in their representation of these markets, are able to replicate the data as well as usual econometric tools. It is thus necessary to question the benefits of including these frictions in theoretical models for operational use.ln this thesis, I address this issue and show that microfounded mechanisms specifiç to labor and credit markets can significantly alter the conclusions based on the use of an estimated DSGE model, fom both a positive and a normative perspective.For this purpose, I build a two-country model of France and the rest of the euro area with exogenous rest of the world variables, and estimate it with and without these two frictions using Bayesian techniques. By contrast with existing models, I propose two improvements of the representation of labor markets. First, following Pissarides (2009), only wages in new jobs are negotiated by firms and workers, engendering stickiness in the average real wage. Second, I develop a set of assumptions to make labor market participation endogenous and unemployment involuntary in the sense that the unemployed workers are worse-off that the employed ones. Yet, including this setup in the estimated model is left for future research.Using the four estimated versions of the model, I undertake a number of analyses to highlight the role of financial and labor market frictions : an historical shock decomposition of fluctuations during the crisis, the evaluation of several monetary policy rules, a counterfactual simulation of the crisis under the assumption of a flexible exchange rate regime between France and the rest of the euro area and, lastly, the simulation of social VAT scenarios
Keddad, Benjamin. "Four essays on monetary and financial integration in Asia." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1096/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes four contributions to the study of Asian monetary and financial integration.The first chapter examines to what extent the East Asian exchange rates (ASEAN-5, South Korea) are sensitive to shocks simulated on the US dollar, the euro and the ACU. We show that these countries have moved from a US dollar-based pegging system to a more flexible exchange rate policy, where the weight of the ACU has increased over the last years. The second chapter attempts to analyze the correlation among the ASEAN-5 business cycles. Estimates reveal that correlations are higher during downturns but the process of adjustment to shocks displays idiosyncratic features. We also provide evidence that the signals contained in some leading ASEAN-5 business cycles help predict regime switching in other countries. The third chapter examines the co-movement among the ASEAN-5 real exchange rates through the generalized purchasing power parity (Enders and Hurns, 1994, 1997). We find that real exchange rates are tied through a long memory process, supporting further monetary integration among different sub-groups of the ASEAN-5.In the last chapter, we investigate to what extent the stock markets in Asia (Hong Kong, Japan, ASEAN-5) are integrated. Our results reveal that the stock market volatilities in developed countries share a common stochastic trend. Conversely, emerging markets appear to be segmented from both each other and global markets
Ryou, Hyunjoo. "Exchane Rate Dynamics under Financial Market Frictions- Exchange rate regime, capital market openness and monetary policy -Electoral cycle of exchange rate in Korea : The Trilemma in Korea." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838836.
Full textLanglais, Éric. "Consommation et épargne dans l'incertain : analyse et implications du concept de prudence." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010021.
Full textWe develop an analysis of consumption choices under uncertainty, based on the concept of "prudence". This one characterizes the sensibility to risk of consumer's decisions, and gives an information about his ability to forearm himself in the face of uncertainty. In return, the common hypothesis of "risk aversion" is only a general behavioral hypothesis, implying that an agent preferes sure situation as compared to risky situations, but giving no information on optimal decisions of the consumer when uncertainty is growing. We define this notion of "prudence" in a simple two-periods model, firstly when there is a risky income, and secondly a risky interest rate. Then, we show that this assumption of "prudence" can be used to give some new insights on a few empirical puzzles which appear in the literature, and which concern the theory of consumption under uncertainty and the theory of asset prices
Ghiaie, Hamed. "Essais sur l’Économie Financière et la Modélisation des Politiques Économiques." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0965/document.
Full textThe modern economy, which is a result of intricate human society, compels economists and policy makers to build complex economic models. In addition to this complexity, each country requires its own economic policies. This thesis addresses these intricacies of modern economies. In the first three chapters of this thesis, I improve the current literature to assess the role of financial intermediary agents, housing and credit markets in the economy, using Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. Data from three periods in the US economy, including the economic climate before the Great Rescission, the systemic collapse in 2008, and post-crisis fiscal policies, are imputed into the models. Simple DSGE models havebeen criticized for not placing more emphasis on financial frictions. Here, I have included financial frictions on different sides of economy to resolve the failures of previous models.The results of simulations indicate that introducing these features to the economy reveals new channels and mechanisms which are neglected in simple models. As a result, my model gives a more accurate means to forecast economic movements. In addition, this thesis documents the significance of macroprudential policy regulations in financial stability, sustainability and welfare. Lastly, in the final two chapters of my thesis, I move away from the study of advanced markets and focus on developing economies. These chapters build new models and address a variety of economic questions pertaining to financial, public and labor economics in developing countries, through the lens of multi-agent dynamic general equilibrium models. I examine the impacts of real, monetary, fiscal and oil price shocks on the economic environment of developing countries. I then propose appropriate policy recommendations
Pacella, Claudia. "Essays on Forecasting." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/307579/4/CP_ToC.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Licheron, Julien. "Politique monétaire unique, convergence des cycles et écarts d'inflation dans l'UEM." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G016.
Full textBassil, Charbel. "Politique monétaire et changement structurel aux Etats-Unis." Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/2010CERG0486.pdf.
Full textThis thesis summarizes first the econometric theory of unit root tests whether it allows or not one or multiple structural breaks. These tests are then applied to a set of U. S. Macroeconomic series. Then we extend the analysis to the multivariate model, such as a VAR, to examine the stability of the propagation mechanisms of a contractionary monetary shock. Thus, we will consider the possibility of multiple breaks at unknown dates. The relevance of this extension will be considered in light of the analysis of U. S. Monetary policy since the early sixties. Initially, we consider two structural models, in which we identify a Taylor rule. In the first model we use the output gap, the federal funds rate and the current inflation rate as endogenous variables. In the second model we use the output gap, the federal funds rate and the expected inflation rate as endogenous variables. This should firstly help to assess the effects of monetary policy change on the output gap and the two U. S. Inflation rates, and secondly to compare the effectiveness of the American monetary policy between different periods. In a second step, we consider the same models but this time we assume three shocks estimated simultaneously, a demand shock, a supply shock and a monetary shock. This should help us to identify the sources of fluctuations in the variables in interest
Aubanel, Jean-Christophe. "Comment sortir d'une crise économique : analyse rétrospective des apports et de l'évolution de la théorie autrichienne des cycles dans le panorama de la Grande Dépression." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA017.
Full text"This thesis offers a retrospective analysis of the Austrian theory of business cycles, from its inception in 1912 by Ludwig von Mises to the developments articulated by Murray Rothbard in the 1960s. This monetary analysis of economic cycles primarily evolved during the 1930s, subjecting the works of prominent theorists such as Hayek, Robbins, Machlup, Haberler, Röpke, Fetter, and Phillips to the test of the Great Depression. Our research aims to shed light on the repercussions of the Great Depression on the development of the Austrian theory of economic cycles and its crisis exit recommendations, also allowing us to assess the uniqueness of this analysis over its evolution.This work draws on two methodological approaches: the history of economic thought and economic analysis. In this regard, our study adopts a chronological structure divided into three essential periods: [1] the genesis and early developments of the Austrian theory prior to the Great Depression (1912-1929), [2] the testing of the Austrian theory of cycles during the Great Depression (1929-1939), and finally [3] the assessment of the Great Depression's impact on Austrian thought (1939-1969).Our approach is intended to examine in detail the various developments that, over a period of more than half a century, have shaped the Austrian view of economic crises and the remedies to address them. The Great Depression being a pivotal period on these issues, our focus is primarily on the 1930s, a time during which the majority of Austrian reference works on the subject were published, punctuated by multiple controversies with Keynesian and neoclassical schools. This also involves political and epistemological considerations, as the Austrian school places special emphasis on cross-analyzing perspectives on the same subject, thereby illustrating Hayek's statement, 'He would be a bad economist who was only an economist.' Our research also assumes the decomposition and explanation of the complex mechanisms that form the theoretical foundation of the Austrian analysis of cycles: the theory of capital, interest, and money.Based on all these elements of various natures, our thesis seeks to question, beyond the thoughts of eminent authors now belonging to posterity, the process of shaping one of the most important economic theories of the 20th century and the solutions it proposed for the greatest crisis of the capitalist era. This approach to updating crisis exit recommendations from an Austrian perspective, although apparently contradictory to the non-intervention principles inherent to this school of thought, also leads us to challenge the idea that government policies are the only conceivable solution to overcome recurring episodes of depression. Consequently, the practical hope of this work is to provide insights into a question that still remains unanswered in the field of modern macroeconomics."
Aloy, Marcel. "Politique monétaire et cycles conjoncturels : examen théorique et application au cas français." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24005.
Full textThis study attempt to measure the relative importance of monetary policy in generating real economic fluctuations, in the French case during 1970-1991. It provides on overview of monetary theories of business cycles. A theoretical model designed to describe interactions between monetary aggregates, interest rates, and economic activity is then constructed. Finally, a related dynamic econometric model is estimated on French data
Vivès, Rémi. "Three essays on the role of expectations in business cycles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0453.
Full textIn this thesis, I investigate the role of expectations in business cycles by studying three different kinds of expectations. First, I focus on a theoretical explanation of business cycles generated by changes in expectations which turn out to be self-fulfilling. This chapter improves a puzzle from the sunspot literature, thereby giving more evidence towards an interpretation of business cycles based on self-fulfilling prophecies. Second, I empirically analyze the propagation mechanisms of central bank announcements through changes in market participants' beliefs. This chapter shows that credible announcements about future unconventional monetary policies can be used as a coordination device in a sovereign debt crisis framework. Third, I study a broader concept of expectations and investigate the predictive power of political climate on the pricing of sovereign risk. This chapter shows that political climate provides additional predictive power beyond the traditional determinants of sovereign bond spreads. In order to interrogate the role of expectations in business cycles from multiple angles, I use a variety of methodologies in this thesis, including theoretical and empirical analyses, web scraping, machine learning, and textual analysis. In addition, this thesis uses innovative data from the social media platform Twitter. Regardless of my methodology, all my results convey the same message: expectations matter, both for economic research and economically sound policy-making
Ligonnière, Samuel. "Financial cycles : determinants and policy implications." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A002.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the determinants and policy implications of financial cycles. This term is fairly new and in line with the conventional logic of business cycles. It involves the boom-bust cycle in credit, equity and housing markets as well as the procyclical behavior of agents. This general definition allows us to distinguish the national financial cycles from the international ones exclusively through the level of integration to the international financial system, with close transmission channels. On the one hand, this brings up questions about their various determinants. I consider debt maturity structure as potential determinant. By using a stock-flow analysis, I find that the mix of these debts chosen by the agent follows a suboptimal path. Financial crises could be triggered by excessive reliance on either short-term or long-term debt. This thesis also exhibits the role of income inequality as key factor of these national financial cycles. Three main predictions are supported by an empirical analysis: i), an increase in inequality leads to an expansion on household credit at the aggregate level; ii) the bulk of the positive impact of inequality on household credit is driven by middle classes; iii) the positive causal link from inequality to household credit exists if and only if the country is sufficiently developed. On the other hand, I will also debate the consequences and policy implications of the global financial cycle, led primarily by US monetary policy. This exposure to foreign forces reduces the scope of domestic monetary policy, but the Mundellian trilemma does not morph into a dilemma
Brossard, Olivier. "Instabilité et régulation des économies monétaires : le rôle des facteurs financiers." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100006.
Full textNISIMA, CALMEL WILLIAM DAVID. "Monnaie, finance et fluctuations macro-économiques : linéarité et non linéarité." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100020.
Full textEssaadi, Essahbi. "Integration and interdependency : identification of the ruptures in the case of East-Asian countries." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO22022.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the feasibility of a monetary union in East Asia in a dynamic view and employ the appropriate tools which are close to the specific way of the regional economy trajectory in the region. Starting from OCA literature, we test four main criteria in four separate chapter. In the first chapter, we present a stylized fact for different regional financial arrangement. Following existence literature, we test dynamic of financial integration through stock market index interdependence proxy. The second Chapter presents long term perspective of exchange rate in East Asia with a recommendation of Inflation Targeting policy as a common regional monetary policy. The adoption of such policy insures an internal equilibrium and maintains stability of competitiveness through the stability of exchange rate. We investigate in the third Chapter business cycles synchronization in East Asia. A new measure of business cycle synchronization based on spectral analysis has been introduced. Our empirical methodology reinforces previous chapter finds of a clear economic integration in the region for the last decade. The last Chapter thoroughly investigates the reaction of an external shock and a monetary shock at different period for some East Asia economies
Sember, Florencia. "Origines et évolution de la pensée monétaire de Raùl Prebisch." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010011.
Full textDurrieu, Jean Marc. "Crédit, marchés de capitaux et financement des entreprises : une interprétation de la crise et des cycles." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100180.
Full textCan the conditions for financing the production explain the recession and cycles without presuming that savings limit investment? In recent years, theories have developped, which centre on the problems of coordination and their consequential effects in the field of financing the productive sector. In pursuing such research, the limitations of these theories (particulary in the field of their hypotheses) must be considered and their contributions, while giving careful consideration to their close relationship with the heterodox approach, the abjective being an explanation of the recession and cycles as an inherent phenomen of capitalism. These contributions are synthetised in a model which in particular, allows us to understand the destabilising role f the credit availability and to certify that the data concerning a situation of cumulative instability is valid. Finally i seek to show the role which firstly the relationship between the banks productive firms and secondly the organisation of financial sector play on the economic and financial instabilities, including the phenomens of learning, reputation and confidence
Paolucci, Frank. "La Monnaie face à des chocs d'offre." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0063.
Full textThe Thesis is related to the recent discussion about the efficiency of Central Bank's policy on investment decisions. Our aim is not to define the optimal policy, when the economic system is near from equilibrium (Part 1), but rather to understand the interactions between the monetary policy and the transition phases of capital accumulation processes (Part 2). Therefore, we propose to implement a Smooth Transition Regression Model to take account of structural changes in capital stock. The countries we consider are the USA, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands (Part 3). We conclude that the Central Bank have an impact upon the transition phases of investment decisions, by affecting firms liquidity constraints. Thanks to our econometric study, we confirm the policy changes of the Federal Reserve Bank occurring in the early eighties, and also that the objective of price stability is not necessarily the right target for monetary policy making
Zouri, Stéphane. "La Communauté économique des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest est-elle une zone monétaire optimale ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E020.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation empirically investigates the optimality of a single currency in ECOWAS. It is subdivided into 4 chapters and is part of a dynamic approach to the theory of Optimum Currency Area (OCA). Chapter 1 shows that the traditional theory of OCA has not made it possible to make a credible and decisive judgement on the ability of West African states to form an OCA. In addition, it highlights the ambiguity of the results obtained in previous empirical works. However, these works are dated and the majority of them are static and omit the structural changes likely to occur in the area. Chapter 2 analyzes the degree of asymmetry of shocks within ECOWAS. We show that the economies of the region are marked by relatively high degrees of asymmetry. However, we stress the need to take into account the dynamic aspect of shocks, since a monetary union considered from the outset as costly can over time become beneficial. Chapter 3 identifies the determinants of synchronization of business cycles in ECOWAS. We show that bilateral trade and financial integration are determinants of the synchronization of business cycles in the region. In addition, we show that single currency increases the synchronization of business cycles through bilateral trade. Chapter 4 explores income and consumption smoothing patterns among ECOWAS. We show that official development assistance and gross savings smooth out asymmetric shocks between ECOWAS countries. Moreover, we show that even if the degree of risksharing has increased over time, it has remains limited. Thus, the creation of a supranational fiscal could provide an additional tool to mitigate asymmetric shocks in the region
Barjou, Florence. "Crédit, investissement des entreprises et cycle économique : une voie d'intégration entre sphères monétaro-financière et réelle." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100019.
Full textTapsoba, Jules-Armand. "Intégration Monétaire Africaine et Changements Structurels: Commerce, Partage des risques et Coordination budgétaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373212.
Full textCette thèse s'inscrit dans cette dernière vision de la littérature. Nous étudions dans quelles mesures les Etats africains déjà engagés dans une intégration monétaire ou qui envisagent former une zone monétaire peuvent faire face aux chocs. Le premier chapitre qui sert de socle à la thèse, présente le panorama de l'intégration monétaire africaine depuis les indépendances et la situation de l'Afrique par rapport à la théorie. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l'impact de l'intensification des échanges commerciaux entre les Etats africains sur la synchronisation de leurs cycles économiques. Le troisième chapitre examine les canaux de stabilisation de la consommation des Etats qui peuvent servir de mécanismes d'ajustement en union monétaire. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre étudie les conséquences des règles multilatérales de surveillance dans les unions monétaires africaines sur la capacité de la politique budgétaire à stabiliser le produit. Les résultats des différentes études menées montrent que les mutations structurelles considérées dans cette thèse, ne changent pas les conclusions établies par la littérature existante.
Le message central de la thèse est la complémentarité nécessaire entre l'intégration économique et l'adoption des monnaies communes en Afrique. Autant que l'intégration monétaire stimule les autres formes de coopérations économiques (c'est-à-dire commerciale, financière et économique) autant ces dernières rendent meilleures, les conditions d'adoption des unions monétaires. Les efforts sont à réaliser simultanément dans tous les domaines de l'intégration.
Ndiaye, Cheikh Tidiane. "Chocs extérieurs et politiques monétaire et budgétaire : le cas du Sénégal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0503.
Full textIl is time, after 50 years of independence, to shed light on Senegalese economic performance by focusing on the GDPgrowth path and the role of stabilization policies. Indeed, the behaviors of the Senegalese economic structures are dependent on the vagaries of the international context. These are hardly controllable by the monetary and budgetary authorities. This thesis has proposed to characterize the cyclical growth and analysis of categories of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal. It has distinguished external shocks from fluctuations induced by the functioning of the economy and assessed the ability of monetary and budgetary instruments to deal with them. Thus, there has been discussion of a glimpse of the use and nature of monetary and budgetary policies implemented according to the types of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal.The results suggest the presence of heightened volatility of the cyclical component and a high frequency of breaks intrend. Senegal is highly affected by shocks that are mainly external with some significant persistence. Even though the GDP persistence has decreased particularly since the devaluation of 1994, some structural reforms are needed in order to reinforce the resilience to shocks and the macroeconomic stabilization. These reforms consist in mitigating deficiencies mainly in the productive sector and in the financial. Similarly, the BCEAO’s monetary policy does not sufficiently stabilize the specific shocks of Senegal while national budgetary policy adjusts to external shocks within avery limited scope. The intensity of these shocks is dependent upon the structure of the economy
Ndiaye, Cheikh Tidiane. "Chocs extérieurs et politiques monétaire et budgétaire : le cas du Sénégal." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE0503.
Full textIl is time, after 50 years of independence, to shed light on Senegalese economic performance by focusing on the GDPgrowth path and the role of stabilization policies. Indeed, the behaviors of the Senegalese economic structures are dependent on the vagaries of the international context. These are hardly controllable by the monetary and budgetary authorities. This thesis has proposed to characterize the cyclical growth and analysis of categories of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal. It has distinguished external shocks from fluctuations induced by the functioning of the economy and assessed the ability of monetary and budgetary instruments to deal with them. Thus, there has been discussion of a glimpse of the use and nature of monetary and budgetary policies implemented according to the types of shocks affecting the economy of Senegal.The results suggest the presence of heightened volatility of the cyclical component and a high frequency of breaks intrend. Senegal is highly affected by shocks that are mainly external with some significant persistence. Even though the GDP persistence has decreased particularly since the devaluation of 1994, some structural reforms are needed in order to reinforce the resilience to shocks and the macroeconomic stabilization. These reforms consist in mitigating deficiencies mainly in the productive sector and in the financial. Similarly, the BCEAO’s monetary policy does not sufficiently stabilize the specific shocks of Senegal while national budgetary policy adjusts to external shocks within avery limited scope. The intensity of these shocks is dependent upon the structure of the economy
Jebli, Sinda. "Une analyse de l'importance des facteurs financiers dans le mécanisme de transmission de la politique monétaire en économie ouverte." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G009.
Full textThe return of financial problems for several years has led to a consideration of financial frictions in the New Keynesian models. This thesis attempts to analyze the mechanisms of transmission of financial shocks on the real economy, in the context of a small open economy. The first theoretical approach of this thesis shows that the central bank can be misled by relying on a standard model without the banking sector. It also shows that the implications of financial constraints are relatively more important for the transmission of financial shocks to the main aggregates of a small open economy. The second theoretical approach, which seeks to study the interaction between capital regulation and monetary policy, shows that the introduction of the debt ratio in the Taylor rule does not improve performance compared to a standard interest rate rule. This thesis also proposes an empirical approach to test firstly, the presence of a financial accelerator in the Czech Republic ad secondly, to show that sensitivity to financial constraints is different depending on the size of firms. The results show that micro-firms, more dependent on bank credit, show a strong sensitivity of their investment behavior to the costs of access to external financing
Jacquinot, Philippe. "La courbe des taux d'intérêt, révélateur prévisionnel des cycles économiques." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020051.
Full textData useful for forecasting growth and inflation can lie at the heart of the yield curve. The purpose of this research is to identify its characteristics, origins and conditions for existence, and to assess its usefulness as an economic forecasting tool. This study covers the american, german, french and u. K. Economies from 1970 until 1994. The theoretical context chosen is an economy affected by a variety of shocks (inflation, changes in preferences of the monetary authorities, productivity, consumption and investment). These initiate closely-related cycles affecting the yield curve, output and prices. Within this framework, attention focuses on the factors of monetary policy, as well as the latter's effects (traditional channel and credit channel). The approach followed is successively deductive, from theoretical principles to statistical data, and inductive. The specific theory of intertemporal income smoothing is assessed separetely. The data for forecasting purposes are extracted using vector error correction models (vecms). The resulting performance are compared with those of the oecd, thus showing the attraction, in economic forecasting terms, of applying this model -the specifications of which we have striven to optimise- to the data recorded in the yield curve
Majetti, Reynald. "Analyse du cycle économique. Datation et prévision." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0249.
Full textThe « Great Recession » of 2008-2009 and the sovereign and public debt crises which strengthened in the euro area in the summer of 2011 are recent events that have crystallized the challenges facing economic analysis, especially those related to dating and predicting cyclical inflections of real activity. The purpose of this thesis is to study these two complementary approaches to the economic cycle. Chapter 1 provides a portrait of the cycle using three distinct conceptions of its turning points: the classical cycle, the growth cycle and the acceleration cycle. We also discuss the measurement of the cycle with respect to various possible representations of aggregate activity of a country, as well as to two existing traditions which encompass dating models. Moreover, we highlight the growing influence of the financial environment over business cycle fluctuations.In chapter 2, we develop two non-parametric algorithms in order to identify theinflections that are particular to each of the previously conceptualized cycles, but also to measure their main characteristics. The first algorithm is based on a univariate representation of overall economic activity, the second on its ultivariate representation; ultimately, we apply the algorithms to the data of the French economy between 1970 and 2010. Chapter 3 builds on our results for cyclical dating to predict French recessions since 1974. Using probit models, we illustrate the role of monetary and financial variables as leading indicators of French business cycle fluctuations. In addition, we show that our models accurately detect recessions for a forecasting lag of two-quarters. Chapter 4 extends the entire analysis to several member states of the euro zone, with observations beginning in 1979. We first construct a chronology of their classical cycles, and then we propose an analysis of their main characteristics and their degree of synchronization.Finally, based on financial and monetary indicators in the context of a dynamic probit with fixed effects, we can anticipate the recessionary episodes which occurred in these economies with a horizon of two quarters
Matei, Iuliana. "Rattachement de petites monnaies à l'euro." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140522.
Full textVermandel, Gauthier. "Essays on cross-border banking and macroprudential policy." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G036/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to evaluate the conduct of macroprudential policies in an heterogenous monetary union, such as the Eurozone, by borrowing on the very recent theoretical and empirical developments of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models and Bayesian econometrics. We account for two main patterns of the Eurosystem: the business cycles divergence between core and peripheral countries and the globalization of banking and its spillovers when implementing macroprudential policies. As a main result, the implementation of macroprudential policy measures improves welfare at the global level. The highest welfare gains are observed when countries use multiple instruments and when macroprudential policy is implemented in a granular fashion. However, the conduct of macroprudential policy is not a free lunch for participating countries: in most situations, peripheral countries are winners while core countries record either smaller welfare gains or even welfare losses. In many policy experiments, we find that there exists an equilibrium that combines welfare increases at both the global and national levels for all participants but its enforceability requires a federal action, thus justifying the existence of a coordination mechanism such as the ESRB in the Eurozone. Finally, the possibility of banks to engage in cross border lending introduces an important spillover channel that tends to increase the welfare gains associated to macroprudential measures. Ignoring this phenomenon may lead to fallacious results in terms of the welfare ranking of alternative implementation schemes
Monfort, Brieuc. "Essais sur les politiques économiques." Paris, EHESS, 2016. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01273997.
Full textThe main theme of the Ph. D. Dissertation focuses on macroeconomic policies. Conducting a "good economic policy" implies to understand the cyclical position of the economy and consequently the need and objectives of public policy actions; to have a reliable estimate of the impact of instruments; and to rely on a consistent theoretical framework to assess the desired positive effects but also negative impacts that can be caused by these policies. The various articles or book chapters presented attempt to discuss economic policy decisions on a wide range of applications. The diversity of the issues addressed - macroeconomic framework, fiscal policy, monetary policy, international economic relations - reflects in part the variety of my career as an economist with the French Ministry of Finance (INSEE and French Treasury) in Paris and in Tokyo or as economist at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in Washington. This Ph. D. Dissertation includes fifteen articles written between 2000 and 2015. Half of the articles presented here were published in referee journals or as book chapters, the other half has the status of working papers or mimeographs. With two exceptions, all the articles were presented at conferences or seminars
Alouini, Olfa. "Country size, growth and the economic and monetary union." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16609.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship between country size and growth at the international level and comparatively in the Economic and Monetary Union, and to draw up its consequences for the conduct of growth-orientated fiscal policies. To further a global understanding of the link between country size and growth in the EMU, we follow an interdisciplinary approach, including macro-economic modelling (DSGE), econometrics and political economy analysis. Combining these analyses, we conclude that country size has an incidence on the economic structures of nations, the effects of their policies and therefore on their pace of growth. For this reason there is a need to reinstate the importance of country size and its consequences for the EMU.