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Journal articles on the topic 'Cycle rate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Bilodeau, B., K. W. Rundell, B. Roy, and M. R. Boulay. "EVOLUTION OF VELOCITY, CYCLE LENGTH AND CYCLE RATE IN A CROSS-COUNTRY SKI SKATING RACE." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, Supplement (1995): S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-00593.

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2

PALMER, GARRY S., JOHN A. HAWLEY, STEVEN C. DENNIS, and TIMOTHY D. NOAKES. "Heart rate responses during a 4-d cycle stage race." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, no. 10 (1994): 1278???1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199410000-00016.

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3

Nicolini-Llosa, Jose Luis. "The exchange rate cycle in Argentina." Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 39, no. 4 (2016): 495–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01603477.2016.1243989.

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4

Bidabad, Bijan, and Abul Hassan. "Does the Interest Rate Form Business Cycle?" International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 4, no. 1 (2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v4i1.281.

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Dynamic structural behavior of depositor, bank and borrower and the role of banks in forming business cycle are investigated. We test the hypothesis that does banks behavior make oscillations in the economy through the interest rate. By dichotomizing banking activities into two markets of deposit and loan, we show that these two markets have non-synchronized structures, and this is why the money sector fluctuation starts. As a result, the fluctuation is transmitted to the real economy through saving and investment functions. Empirical results assert that in the USA, the banking system creates fluctuations in the money sector and real economy as well through short-term interest rates

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Martínez-Serna, María-Isabel, and Eliseo Navarro. "Interest Rate Volatility and Business Cycle Expectations." International Finance 18, no. 1 (2015): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2362.12061.

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6

Ambler, Steve, and Louis Phaneuf. "Interest rate innovations and the business cycle." Economics Letters 26, no. 4 (1988): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(88)90189-9.

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7

Leweke, F., K. Bruck, and H. Olschewski. "Temperature effects on ventilatory rate, heart rate, and preferred pedal rate during cycle ergometry." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 3 (1995): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.3.781.

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According to the most customary exercise protocols, core temperature (Tc) rises in parallel with workload (WL) and experimental time. Physiological variables, however, may be related to each of these factors. To investigate effects of WL independent of experimental time and body temperature, we employed four moderate WLs in 4-min steps between 35 and 65% peak O2 uptake (VO2 peak) in randomized order. To investigate independent effects of body temperature, the same work protocol was performed both after resting in comfortable ambient temperature [control test (Cont)] and after a double cold exposure [precooling test (Pret)], where Tc and the temperature set point are decreased by approximately 0.6 and 0.3 degrees C, respectively. Eight male subjects (24 +/- 1.9 yr, VO2 peak 4.9 +/- 0.5 l/min) worked on a cycle ergometer in a climatic chamber. Heart rate (HR) and breathing frequency (BF), but not preferred pedal rate (PR), were positively correlated to Tc, the slopes amounting to 17 and 3.75 min-1/degree C for HR and BF, respectively. The regression appeared linear over the whole temperature range, and the regression lines were not shifted by precooling. PR was increased by time, but Pret-Cont differences of PR and Tc were inversely correlated (r = -0.50, P < 0.01). The effects of WL were highly significant on HR, O2 uptake, and rate of perceived exertion but not on BF, PR, and sweat rate. The relation of rate of perceived exertion to HR was shifted by precooling.

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8

Elías, Carlos G. "Sectoral Shocks and Unemployment Rate Fluctuations." American Economist 42, no. 2 (1998): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943459804200206.

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In some Real Business Cycle (RBC) models it is possible to generate comovement between production of different sectors even if shocks are sector specific. Although this simulates a common feature of actual business cycles, it is not in itself evidence that business cycles are actually driven by an RBC phenomenon. In this paper, a Vector Autoregressive model is estimated. Variance decomposition analysis suggests that sectoral shocks are an important determinant of unemployment rate fluctuations. However, this does not rule out the importance of aggregate fluctuations, especially during the first year after the shock.

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9

Xu, Chenchen, Qiang Sun, Xiaohua Pan, Weiqiang Zhang, and Yanbing Wang. "Variation on thermal damage rate of granite specimen with thermal cycle treatment." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (2019): 849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2019-0046.

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AbstractTemperature significantly affects the physical and mechanical properties of granite. To have a comprehensive understanding of the thermal cycle effect on uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and thermal damage rate, a series of thermal cycle experiments on granite specimens were carried out with five types of designed temperatures and five types of cycle number of thermal treatments. The experimental results indicate that UCS decreases and thermal damage rate increases as temperature and thermal cycle increase. UCS of specimens cooled in water condition after thermal damage treatment are lower than those cooled in air condition. In addition, two new phenomena related to thermal damage rate were observed. Firstly, previous studies have shown that a rapid value reduction of UCS of specimens with one thermal cycle treatment under air cooling condition can be observed at 400∘C. While the temperature threshold for the specimens treated with more than one thermal cycle under water cooling condition increases to 550∘C. Secondly, a thoroughly antipodal evolution law of the thermal damage rate for the specimens with multiple thermal cycle treatments is also observed as compared to those treated by only one thermal cycle. These differences might be induced by the different microcrack initial time and their development speed. The new findings are important to understand the failure mechanism and variation process of physical and mechanical properties of granite specimens subjected to thermal cycles.

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10

Matera, Manlio, Roberto Buffa, Pio Burlamacchi, Lorenzo Fini, and Renzo Salimbeni. "High repetition rate operation of a closed‐cycle rare‐gas halide laser." Review of Scientific Instruments 56, no. 2 (1985): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138330.

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11

Mubarak, S., S. Acharyya, V. Viardot-Foucault, H. H. Tan, and J. W. L. Phoon. "A Comparison of the Miscarriage and Live Birth Rate for Frozen Embryo Transfer According to Two Endometrial Preparations: Natural or Primed with Estrogens." Fertility & Reproduction 01, no. 01 (2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318219500038.

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Objective The primary objective is to compare miscarriage rates in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles, according to the endometrial preparation used either artificial through the administration of exogenous estrogen and progesterone or natural without any treatment, during a spontaneous ovulatory cycle. The secondary objective is to compare the live birth rates between the two endometrial preparations. Study design This is a retrospective study done at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore. We included women who underwent FET cycles either with hormone replacement treatment (HRT) or no treatment (natural) for the endometrial preparation, regardless of their cycle number, from 1 January 2011 till 31 December 2015. Results A total of 2,752 FET cycles were included in our analysis. The natural cycle followed by vaginal progesterone support was used in 1,221 cycles and the HRT cycle with estrogen and vaginal progesterone was used in 1,531 cycles. There is a significantly higher miscarriage rate in the HRT group (38.4%) compared with the natural group (22.3%). The live birth rate is significantly higher in the natural group (22.8%) compared with the HRT group (17.3%). The multivariate analysis further shows that the HRT therapy is independently associated with an increased risk of miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio 2.05; 95% confidence interval 1.45–2.90; [Formula: see text] <0.001) and hence lower odds of live birth (adjusted odds ratio 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.84; [Formula: see text] <0.001) after adjusting for the patient’s age at which the embryo was cryopreserved, race, body mass index, main indications for in vitro fertilization, number of embryos transferred and type of embryo transferred. Conclusion We have shown in this study that the miscarriage rate is higher in the HRT FET group and that this increased miscarriage rate translates into a lower live birth rate in the HRT group. Thus, we conclude that patients with regular menstrual cycles should be offered a natural FET cycle to achieve better outcomes in terms of live birth rate and reducing the miscarriage rate.

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Slavov, Nikolai, and David Botstein. "Coupling among growth rate response, metabolic cycle, and cell division cycle in yeast." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 12 (2011): 1997–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-02-0132.

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We studied the steady-state responses to changes in growth rate of yeast when ethanol is the sole source of carbon and energy. Analysis of these data, together with data from studies where glucose was the carbon source, allowed us to distinguish a “universal” growth rate response (GRR) common to all media studied from a GRR specific to the carbon source. Genes with positive universal GRR include ribosomal, translation, and mitochondrial genes, and those with negative GRR include autophagy, vacuolar, and stress response genes. The carbon source–specific GRR genes control mitochondrial function, peroxisomes, and synthesis of vitamins and cofactors, suggesting this response may reflect the intensity of oxidative metabolism. All genes with universal GRR, which comprise 25% of the genome, are expressed periodically in the yeast metabolic cycle (YMC). We propose that the universal GRR may be accounted for by changes in the relative durations of the YMC phases. This idea is supported by oxygen consumption data from metabolically synchronized cultures with doubling times ranging from 5 to 14 h. We found that the high oxygen consumption phase of the YMC can coincide exactly with the S phase of the cell division cycle, suggesting that oxidative metabolism and DNA replication are not incompatible.

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Xu, Rui, Junrong Li, Zilong Tang, and Zhongtai Zhang. "Li4Ti5O12Heattreated under Nitrogen Ambient with Outstanding Rate Capabilities." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/635416.

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The powders of spinel Li4Ti5O12were prepared by heat treating the mixture of rutile TiO2and Li acetate at800∘Cfor 3 h under a nitrogen atmosphere and, for comparison, under air as well. The powders heated underN2show a remarkably higher-rate capability and better cycle stability. The discharge capacity of Li4Ti5O12heated underN2at 19°C (corresponding to a 3.2-minute total discharge) reached 107 mA hg−1, 22 mA hg−1higher than that of Li4Ti5O12heated under air, which was 85 mA hg−1. The former material also shows a much better cycle stability, with no discharge capacity loss after 300 cycles at 6°C or 16.3°C. The results indicate that heat treatment under low-oxygen partial pressure atmosphere such asN2could significantly improve the high-rate performance of spinel Li4Ti5O12.

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Abd El-Hay, Ahmed Mohamed. "Effect of Amh in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome on Pregnancy Rate in Icsi Cycle." Women Health Care and Issues 4, no. 4 (2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/068.

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Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose considerable morbidity and account for up to 20% of all nosocomial infections in surgical patients Aim of the Work: to determine the efficacy & safety of irrigation of subcutaneous tissue by Gentamicin for caesarean section Incision in reducing the risk of post-caesarean wound complications among obese women compared with placebo. Patients and Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial study was conducted on total 132 obese patients who underwent elective cesarean section at Ain Shams University Maternity hospitals. This study was conducted on obese women undergoing caesarean section at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital with the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were distributed randomly into 2 groups using a computer based program: Group (A) N = 66: CS with Irrigation of subcutaneous tissue by placebo (200 ml of saline 0.9 %). Group (B) N = 66: CS with irrigation of subcutaneous tissue by Gentamicin solution (1mg/kg gentamicin in 200 ml of saline 0.9%). Results: The results of this study revealed that the rate of SSI was less in gentamycin (3%) (n=2/66) than control group (4.5%) (n=3/66) with no statistical significance between them. Postoperative hospital stay and readmission rate due to SSI for the gentamycin group were also shorter but not statistically different in compared to the control group. Applying local gentamycin antibiotic irrigation during wound closure after cesarean section in obese patients is not recommended. NO role of local gentamycin irrigation in subcutaneous tissue in prevention of wound surgical site infection. Conclusion: as evident from the current study, in obese women undergoing elective CS, wound irrigation with Gentamicin is not superior to wound irrigation with placebo (saline 0.9) regarding efficacy & safety.

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Alves, Mariana Carlos, Andreia Leitão Marques, Helena Barros Leite, Ana Paula Sousa, and Teresa Almeida-Santos. "Procriação Medicamente Assistida em Ciclo Natural: Avaliação dos Resultados de um Departamento de Medicina da Reprodução." Acta Médica Portuguesa 32, no. 1 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.10195.

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Introduction: Medically assisted reproduction in natural cycle has been investigated, especially in women with poor response to conventional ovarian stimulation, with endometrial receptivity improvement, lower cost and possibility of successive cycles. The disadvantages are: lower profitability per treatment cycle and higher cancellation rate. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of clinical pregnancy in infertile women subjected to medically assisted reproduction in natural cycle.Material and Methods: Retrospective study of 149 medically assisted reproduction without ovarian stimulation of 50 infertile women, between January/2011 and October/2014.Results: The mean age of women undergoing medically assisted reproduction in natural cycle was 36.1 years. Approximately half (46.0%) of the cycles were performed in poor responders. On the day of ovulation trigger, the mean diameter of the follicle was 17.5 mm. Twenty-three cycles (15.4%) were canceled prior to ovulation trigger. In 8 cycles (5.3%), ovulation occurred between ovulation trigger and oocyte retrieval. In the majority of cycles (n = 118; 79.2%) oocyte retrieval was executed, a medically assisted reproduction technique was performed in 71 (47.6%), mostly intracytoplasmic injection. The overall fertilization rate was 77.5%. In 40 cycles (26.8%) there was embryo transfer. The implantation rate and the clinical pregnancy rate by embryo transfer was 35.0% and 25.0%, respectively. Most pregnancies occurred in poor responders, according to Bologna criteria.Discussion: Although the pregnancy rate per cycle started was 6.7%, the rate of clinical pregnancy per embryo transfer is quite satisfactory, being a group of women with unfavorable responses in previous treatments. The relatively high rates of cycle cancellation are mitigated by the greater simplicity and lower cost of these cycles.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study demonstrate that Medically Assisted Reproduction in natural cycle may be an alternative treatment for ovarian stimulation in patients with poor prognosis, whose only alternative would be oocyte donation.

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16

Koch, Arthur L. "Biomass Growth Rate during the Prokaryote Cell Cycle." Critical Reviews in Microbiology 19, no. 1 (1993): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408419309113521.

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17

Jensen, John W., and Toril Berg. "The Annual Growth Rate Cycle of Brown Trout." Progressive Fish-Culturist 57, no. 3 (1995): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057<0231:tagrco>2.3.co;2.

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18

Yuan, Qigang, Yutong Sun, and Jingli Ren. "How interest rate influences a business cycle model." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S 13, no. 11 (2020): 3231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcdss.2020190.

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19

BAKER, C. B., T. V. LITTLE, and KAREN J. McDOWELL. "The live foaling rate per cycle in mares." Equine Veterinary Journal 25, S15 (2010): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb04819.x.

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20

Paradiso, Michele, Stefano Pietrosanti, Stefano Scalzi, Patrizio Tomei, and Cristiano Maria Verrelli. "Experimental Heart Rate Regulation in Cycle-Ergometer Exercises." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 60, no. 1 (2013): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2012.2225061.

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21

Suzuki, Miyoshi. "Solar Rotation Rate during Solar Activity Cycle 23." Solar Physics 278, no. 2 (2012): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-012-9946-3.

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22

Salman, Hanna. "Bacterial Growth: Cell-Cycle Dependent Growth-Rate Homeostasis." Current Biology 30, no. 12 (2020): R703—R704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.001.

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23

Smaga, Paweł. "Are interest rate changes comoving with financial cycle?" Acta Oeconomica 71, no. 2 (2021): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2021.00013.

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AbstractWe explore to what extent official interest rate changes can potentially in a procyclical manner impact different financial cycle indicators (credit/GDP, debt service ratio, house prices and stock market indices). We test this on data covering 1995−2016 in 21 countries and the euro area using the Concordance index and Monetary policy procyclicality ratio. Results show that this was not a widespread phenomenon, but there was significant heterogenenity across countries. The procyclicality of interest rate changes was usually higher when financial cycle gaps were increasing and lower when they were decreasing. On average, central banks in several larger economies were running potentially less procyclical monetary policy than those in the smaller ones. The resulting propensity of conflicts between achieving price and financial stability by central banks was low, as only in 10% of the cases the objectives were conflicting (usually when inflation was below the target and the credit cycle was in an expansion phase).

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Takezawa, H., H. Hayashi, H. Sano, H. Saito, and S. Ebihara. "Circadian and estrous cycle-dependent variations in blood pressure and heart rate in female rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 267, no. 5 (1994): R1250—R1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.5.r1250.

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To determine whether cardiovascular functions are controlled by the endogenous circadian system and whether they change with the estrous cycle in female rats, we measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and spontaneous activity (ACT) of female rats using an implantable radiotelemetry device and a computerized data-collecting system. Under a 12:12-h light-dark (LD) cycle, these parameters exhibited daily rhythms that were entrained to the photic cycle. The patterns of the daily rhythms varied with estrous cycles, and variations were particularly marked in the proestrous stage. During the dark period of this stage, ACT levels were significantly higher, but HR was significantly lower than in other stages. Although the peak MAP occurred within 2 h after the onset of the dark phase in three of the estrous stages, it occurred around midnight in the proestrous stage. Such estrous cycle-dependent variations were eliminated by ovariectomy. The implantation of 17 beta-estradiol produced a gradual increase in MAP and an abrupt decrease in HR. During constant darkness, all three parameters were free running, maintaining the same internal phase relationships with each other as during LD cycles. These results indicate that daily variations in these parameters were controlled by the endogenous circadian oscillating system, that they vary with the estrous cycle in female rats, and that estrogen may be responsible for these estrous cycle-dependent variations.

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Mason, Graeme F., Douglas L. Rothman, Kevin L. Behar та Robert G. Shulman. "NMR Determination of the TCA Cycle Rate and α-Ketoglutarate/Glutamate Exchange Rate in Rat Brain". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 12, № 3 (1992): 434–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1992.61.

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A mathematical model of cerebral glucose metabolism was developed to analyze the isotopic labeling of carbon atoms C4 and C3 of glutamate following an intravenous infusion of [1-13C]glucose. The model consists of a series of coupled metabolic pools representing glucose, glycolytic intermediates, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, glutamate, aspartate, and glutamine. Based on the rate of 13C isotopic labeling of glutamate C4 measured in a previous study, the TCA cycle rate in rat brain was determined to be 1.58 ± 0.41 μmol min−1 g−1 (mean ± SD, n = 5). Analysis of the difference between the rates of isotopic enrichment of glutamate C4 and C3 permitted the rate of exchange between α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and glutamate to be assessed in vivo. In rat brain, the exchange rate between α-KG and glutamate is between 89 ± 35 and 126 ± 22 times faster than the TCA cycle rate (mean ± SD, n = 4). The sensitivity of the calculated value of the TCA cycle rate to other metabolic fluxes and to concentrations of glycolytic and TCA cycle intermediates was tested and found to be small.

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Wu, Weifeng, Qi Wang, Zhao Zhang, Zhijun Wu, Xiaotian Yang, and Liangcong Xu. "Influence of evaporating rate on two-phase expansion in the piston expander with cyclone separator." Thermal Science 24, no. 3 Part B (2020): 2077–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180903322w.

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The trilateral flash cycle shows a greater potentiality in moderate to low grade heat utilization systems due to its potentiality of obtaining high exergy efficiency, compared to the conventional thermodynamic cycles such as the organic Rankine cycles and the Kalina cycle. The main difference between the trilateral flash cycle and the conventional thermodynamic cycles is that the superheated vapor expansion process is replaced by the two-phase expansion process. The two-phase expansion process actually consists of a flashing of the inlet stream into a vapor and a liquid phase. Most simulations assume an equilibrium model with an instantaneous flashing. Yet, the experiments of pool flashing indicate that there is a flash evaporating rate. The mechanism of this process still remains unclear. In this paper, the flash evaporating rate is introduced into the model of the two-phase expansion process in the reciprocating expander with a cyclone separator. As such, the obtained results reveal the influence of evaporating rate on the efficiency of the two-phase expander.

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27

Schamis, Hector E., and Christopher R. Way. "Political Cycles and Exchange Rate-Based Stabilization." World Politics 56, no. 1 (2003): 43–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2004.0007.

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Fixed exchange rates implemented to increase credibility and attract foreign investment, or as an alternative approach to stabilization in high inflation economies, have been shown to be successful in expanding economic activity and correcting inflation in the short term but often lead to undesirable outcomes in the medium to long term. Although there is a wealth of literature documenting the boom-bust cycles associated with the adoption of a nominal anchor, no adequate explanation has been proffered as to governments repeatedly choosing policies that are self-defeating. The authors address this question with a political economy explanation based on the notion of a self-interested government for which short-term stabilization is attractive in the face of incentives posed by the electoral cycle. If the election coincides with the boom phase of an exchange rate—based stabilization, incumbent governments increase the likelihood of gaining reelection, and the bust phase will develop, if at all, only after the contest. The authors thus suggest a modified version of the traditional political business cycle. From the standpoint of a self-interested office-seeking government, exchange rate—based stabilizations can make good political sense. Empirical results based on an analysis of eighteen Latin American countries from 1970 to 1999 support the insights of the argument: movements towards a more fixed exchange rate are greater than three times more likely in a preelection period than in other stages of the electoral cycle.

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Dean, J. M., R. C. Koehler, C. L. Schleien, et al. "Age-related effects of compression rate and duration in cardiopulmonary resuscitation." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 2 (1990): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.2.554.

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The effects of various compression rate and duration combinations on chest geometry and cerebral perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were studied in immature swine. Pentobarbital-anesthetized 2- and 8-wk-old piglets received CPR after ventricular fibrillation. At compression rates of 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 150/min, duty cycle (compression duration/total cycle time) was increased from 10 to 80% by 10% increments. Mean aortic and sagittal sinus pressures, pulsatile displacement, and deformity of the anterior chest wall were measured. Increasing duty cycle increased cerebral perfusion pressure until chest relaxation time was compromised. Inadequate chest recoil, development of static chest deformation, and limitation of pulsatile chest wall movement occurred in both age groups when relaxation time was very short (150-200 ms in 2-wk-old piglets, 250-300 ms in 8-wk-old piglets). These changes in chest geometry correlated with deterioration of cerebral perfusion pressure only in 8-wk-old piglets. In the younger group, perfusion pressures plateaued but did not deteriorate. These data emphasize the importance of duty cycle in generating cerebral perfusion pressure and indicate that younger animals can tolerate high compression rates except at extremely long duty cycles.

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Liuzina, Kseniya M., and Marina V. Shinkevich. "Heart rate variability in healthy volunteers." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Biology, no. 2 (September 12, 2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-1722-2020-2-26-36.

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The research results showed that the vegetative tone of the nervous system in different phases of the menstrual cycle is different. In accordance with changes in heart rate (HRV) indicators, we can talk about the predominance of tone of either the sympathetic or parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system in each phase of the cycle, to distinguish subgroups of students by the distribution of the tone of the autonomic nervous system during the cycle. It was possible to isolate those HRV indicators that were changed most synchronously (rhythmogram, histogram, and scatterogram indices). The spectrogram indices are distinguished by the highest asynchrony of changes; therefore, it is not very convenient to analyze changes during a cycle. Autocorrelation indicators reflect the relationship and the predominance of one of the circuits of heart rhythm regulation (central or autonomous). Despite the fact that a certain dynamic of changes can be traced, significant differences were noted only for some indicators in each of the groups. HRV indicators in accordance with the standards given in the literature should be clarified.

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Li, J., V. Nguyen, B. A. French, et al. "Mechanism of the alcohol cyclic pattern: role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279, no. 1 (2000): G118—G125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.1.g118.

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The cause of the cycle of urinary alcohol levels (UALs) in rats fed ethanol continually at a fixed rate is unknown. Rats were fed ethanol intragastrically at a constant dose for 2 mo, and daily body temperatures and UALs were recorded. Body temperature cycled inversely to UAL, suggesting that the rate of metabolism could be mechanistically involved in the rate of ethanol elimination during the cycle. To document this, whole body O2 consumption rate was monitored daily during the cycle. The rate of O2 consumption correlated positively with the change in body temperature and negatively with the change in UAL. Since the metabolic rate responds to changes in body temperature, thyroid hormone levels were measured during the UAL cycle. T4levels correlated positively with the O2 consumption rate and negatively with the UALs. In a second experiment using propylthiouracil treatment, UALs did not cycle and a fall in body temperature failed to stimulate an increase in the rate of ethanol elimination. Consequently, rats died of overdose. Likewise, in a third experiment using rats with severed pituitary stalks, UALs failed to cycle and rats died of overdose. From these observations it was concluded that the UAL cycle depends on an intact hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis response to the ethanol-induced drop in body temperature by increasing the rate of ethanol elimination.

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Dong, Shaoqiang, Kourosh Danai, Stephen Malkin, and Abhijit Deshmukh. "Continuous Optimal Infeed Control for Cylindrical Plunge Grinding, Part 1: Methodology." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 126, no. 2 (2004): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1751423.

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A new methodology is developed for optimal infeed control of cylindrical plunge grinding cycles. Unlike conventional cycles having a few sequential stages with discrete infeed rates, the new methodology allows for continuous variation of the infeed rate to further reduce the cycle time. Distinctive characteristics of optimal grinding cycles with variable infeed rates were investigated by applying dynamic programming to a simulation of the grinding cycle. The simulated optimal cycles were found to consist of distinct segments with predominant constraints. This provided the basis for an optimal control policy whereby the infeed rate is determined according to the active constraint at each segment of the cycle. Accordingly, the controller is designed to identify the state of the cycle at each sampling instant from on-line measurements of power and size, and to then compute the infeed rate according to the optimal policy associated with that state. The optimization policy is described in this paper, and the controller design and its implementation are presented in the following paper [1].

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Gudi, Siva R. P., Ann A. Lee, Craig B. Clark, and John A. Frangos. "Equibiaxial strain and strain rate stimulate early activation of G proteins in cardiac fibroblasts." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 274, no. 5 (1998): C1424—C1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.5.c1424.

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Cardiac fibroblasts are responsible for the production of the extracellular matrix of the heart, with alterations of fibroblast function implicated in myocardial infarction and cardiac hypertrophy. Here the role of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) in the mechanotransduction of strain in rat cardiac fibroblasts was investigated. Cells in an equibiaxial stretch device were incubated with the photoreactive GTP analog azidoanalido [α-32P]GTP (AAGTP) and were subjected to various regimens of strain. Autoradiographic analysis showed a 42-kDa protein labeled for cells exposed to 12 cycles of 3% strain or 6 cycles of 6% strain over 60 s (strain rate of 1.2%/s), whereas 6 cycles of 3% strain (0.6%/s) elicited no measurable response. To further investigate the role of strain rate, a single 6% cycle over 10 or 60 s (1.2% and 0.2%/s, respectively) was applied, with the more rapid cycle stimulating AAGTP binding, whereas the lower strain rate showed no response. In cells subjected to a single 6% cycle/10 s, immunoprecipitation identified the AAGTP-labeled 42-kDa band as the G protein subunits Gαq and Gαi1. These results demonstrate that G protein activation represents one of the early mechanotransduction events in cardiac fibroblasts subjected to mechanical strain, with the rate at which the strain is applied modulating this response.

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Rawal, Kirti, Gaurav Sethi, B. S. Saini, and Indu Saini. "Impact of the Menstrual Cycle on Heart Rate Variability." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12, no. 8 (2019): 3854. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2019.00662.0.

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Erdakov, Lev. "Dynamics of birth-rate and its cycle in Fennoskandia." Ideas and Ideals 2, no. 4 (2016): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2016-4.2-119-131.

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Roux, J. A., J. Choi, and N. Shakya. "Parametric Scramjet Cycle Analysis for Nonideal Mass Flow Rate." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 28, no. 1 (2014): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.t4217.

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Sakzad, Amin, and Mohammad-Reza Sadeghi. "On cycle-free lattices with high rate label codes." Advances in Mathematics of Communications 4, no. 4 (2010): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/amc.2010.4.441.

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Lüpfert, Christian, Ernst Grell, Verena Pintschovius, Hans-Jürgen Apell, Flemming Cornelius, and Ronald J. Clarke. "Rate Limitation of the Na+,K+-ATPase Pump Cycle." Biophysical Journal 81, no. 4 (2001): 2069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(01)75856-0.

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Chen, J. "Performance of absorption refrigeration cycle at maximum cooling rate." Cryogenics 34, no. 12 (1994): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(94)90092-2.

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COAST, J. RICHARD, RONALD H. COX, and HUGH G. WELCH. "Optimal pedalling rate in prolonged bouts of cycle ergometry." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 18, no. 2 (1986): 225???230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198604000-00013.

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Hempelmann, Alexander, and Juergen Kurths. "Mass transfer rate and outburst cycle of SS Cygni." Astrophysical Journal 412 (July 1993): L41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/186935.

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Antia, H. M., Sarbani Basu, and S. M. Chitre. "Solar Rotation Rate and Its Gradients During Cycle 23." Astrophysical Journal 681, no. 1 (2008): 680–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/588523.

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Alessandrini, Fabio. "Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, and the Business Cycle." Journal of Fixed Income 9, no. 2 (1999): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jfi.1999.319259.

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Kamm, M. A., M. J. Farthing, and J. E. Lennard-Jones. "Bowel function and transit rate during the menstrual cycle." Gut 30, no. 5 (1989): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.30.5.605.

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Kiguel, Miguel A., and Nissan Liviatan. "The Business Cycle Associated with Exchange Rate-Based Stabilizations." World Bank Economic Review 6, no. 2 (1992): 279–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/6.2.279.

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Cheikh, Nidhaleddine Ben, Younes Ben Zaied, Houssam Bouzgarrou, and Pascal Nguyen. "Nonlinear Exchange Rate Pass-Through : Does Business Cycle Matter?" Journal of Economic Integration 33, no. 2 (2018): 1234–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2018.33.2.1235.

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Hunt, Kenneth J., and Cédric C. Hurni. "Robust control of heart rate for cycle ergometer exercise." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 57, no. 11 (2019): 2471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-019-02034-6.

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Krustev, Georgi. "The natural rate of interest and the financial cycle." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 162 (June 2019): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.12.024.

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Trufyakov, V. I., V. V. Knysh, P. P. Mikheev, and A. Z. Kuz'menko. "Dependence of fatigue crack growth rate on cycle asymmetry." Strength of Materials 19, no. 3 (1987): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01524120.

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Basnet, Hem C., Puneet Vatsa, and Subhash Sharma. "Common Trends and Common Cycles in Oil Price and Real Exchange Rate." Global Economy Journal 14, no. 2 (2014): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2013-0042.

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This study explores the long- and short-run movement between oil prices and the real exchange rates of two large oil-exporting countries – Canada and Norway. Cointegration and serial correlation common features tests are jointly used to identify the long-term common trend and short-term common cycles. Our test results find that oil prices and the real exchange rates of the Canadian Dollar and the Norwegian Krone have two shared trends and one shared cycle. The trend–cycle decomposition shows a great deal of positive comovement among the trend and cyclical components. The two currencies show economic dynamics very similar to crude oil prices. They do not exhibit any qualitative differences in the trajectory of the trend and cycles when controlling for different crude oil prices. Our results indicate that oil price fluctuations play significant role in explaining the exchange rate movements of oil-exporting countries.

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Xu, Hui, Yuanfu Deng, Zhenxia Zhao, Hongjie Xu, Xusong Qin, and Guohua Chen. "The superior cycle and rate performance of a novel sulfur cathode by immobilizing sulfur into porous N-doped carbon microspheres." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 72 (2014): 10468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc04868g.

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A novel S-immobilized N-doped carbon microspheres (NCMs) composite was synthesized and assembled as a cathode for Li–S batteries with significantly improved cycle stability and rate performance (e.g.0.030% per cycle for 500 cycles at 2.0 C).

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