Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cycle trail

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cycle trail'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cycle trail"

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Goodey, Dave. "Daisy Trail Cycle." Bereavement Care 35, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02682621.2016.1160611.

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Ehrhardt, Harald, Catarina Castro Alves, Franziska Wachter, and Irmela Jeremias. "TRAIL Preferentially Affects Cell Cycle-Arrested Tumor Cells Including Stem- and Progenitor Cells From Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1879.1879.

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Abstract Abstract 1879 Leukemic stem- and progenitor cells exhibit low cycling activity which might represent a major cause for their increased treatment resistance. TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) is a novel putative anticancer drug currently in phase I and II clinical testing. We recently showed that TRAIL is able to address stem- and progenitor cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in xenotransplantation assays (Alves et al., Blood 2012,119,4224). As stem- and progenitor cells are often non-cycling, we asked here, whether TRAIL is able to address resting leukemia cells. We used cell lines and primary tumor cells from children with ALL which were amplified in severely immuno-compromised mice (NSG mice). Cell cycle arrest was induced (i) by addition of conventional cytotoxic drugs which are known to act as cytostatic drugs such as doxorubicine; (ii) by biochemical inhibitors known to induce cell cycle arrest at different defined points of the cell cycle such as mimosine; (iii) by molecular approaches and knockdown of cyclinB arresting cell cycle in G2 or knockdown of cyclinE arresting cell cycle in G1. Unexpectedly, TRAIL-induced apoptosis was enhanced, whenever cell cycle was arrested. Cell cycle arrest sensitized towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis independently from the point or phase of cell cycle which was arrested (G0, G1 or G2) and independently from the agent used to arrest the cell cycle. Similarly, knockdown of cyclinB or cyclinE both clearly sensitized cell line cells towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cytotoxic drugs and cell cycle inhibitors might arrest the cell cycle by activation of p53. Accordingly, when caffeine was added which inhibited p53 activity and drug-induced cell cycle arrest, sensitization towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis was blocked. We have recently established a novel method which enables performing knockdown experiments in tumor cells derived from ALL patients (Höfig et al., Cell Comm. Signal. 2012,10,8). Using this method and most important for clinical translation, we could show that knockdown of either cyclinB or cyclinE clearly sensitized patient-derived ALL cells towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together and in contrast to most conventional cytotoxic drugs, TRAIL exerts anti-tumor activity preferentially against tumor cells in cell cycle arrest and less against actively cycling tumor cells. This special feature of TRAIL might explain its anti-tumor activity against stem- and progenitor cells in patients with ALL. Thus, TRAIL might represent an interesting drug to treat disease stages with accumulation of stem- and progenitor cells and static tumor disease, e.g., during minimal residual disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Song, Kaimei, Yiguang Chen, Rüdiger Göke, Andreas Wilmen, Cheryl Seidel, Alexandra Göke, Brendan Hilliard, and Youhai Chen. "Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (Trail) Is an Inhibitor of Autoimmune Inflammation and Cell Cycle Progression." Journal of Experimental Medicine 191, no. 7 (March 27, 2000): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.191.7.1095.

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The tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis of tumor cells but not normal cells; its role in normal nontransformed tissues is unknown. We report here that chronic blockade of TRAIL in mice exacerbated autoimmune arthritis, and that intraarticular TRAIL gene transfer ameliorated the disease. In vivo, TRAIL blockade led to profound hyperproliferation of synovial cells and arthritogenic lymphocytes and heightened the production of cytokines and autoantibodies. In vitro, TRAIL inhibited DNA synthesis and prevented cell cycle progression of lymphocytes. Interestingly, TRAIL had no effect on apoptosis of inflammatory cells either in vivo or in vitro. Thus, unlike other members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, TRAIL is a prototype inhibitor protein that inhibits autoimmune inflammation by blocking cell cycle progression.
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Ritter, Scott M., James E. Barrick, and M. Randall Skinner. "Conodont sequence biostratigraphy of the Hermosa Group (Pennsylvanian) at Honaker Trail, Paradox Basin, Utah." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 3 (May 2002): 495–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037331.

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In cyclical Pennsylvanian strata, conodonts find their greatest stratigraphic utility as biotic signatures of physically defined stratigraphic entities (cycles, parasequences, high frequency sequences, etc.) rather then the primary means of stratigraphic subdivision (e.g., biostratigraphic interval zones). The practice of identifying depositional entities for purposes of regional correlation on the basis of their constituent conodont faunas is herein called conodont sequence biostratigraphy. In this paper, the concept is utilized to successfully correlate Pennsylvanian cycles of the Paradox basin with their Midcontinent counterparts.The Honaker Trail section is the most accessible and well-studied succession of carbonate shelf strata in the Paradox basin. Approximately 350 m of cyclically bedded limestone, sandstone, and shale comprising 53 fifth-order cycles are exposed along the cliffs of the deeply entrenched San Juan River. Maximum transgressive facies of 19 cycles yielded Idiognathodus-Neognathodus- and/or Streptognathodus-dominated conodont faunas. Those from the Chimney Rock, Gothic, LHT-5, UHT-3, UHT-5, UHT-8, unnamed limestone, and Shafer correspond to faunas from the Verdigris, Lower Fort Scott, Altamont (Lake Neosho), Lost Branch, Hertha (Mound City), Swope (Hushpuckney), Dennis (Stark), and South Bend cycles of the Midcontinent, respectively. By extrapolation, all minor cycles of the Marmaton, Pleasanton, and Bronson Groups (except for the Critzer) also appear to have counterparts at Honaker Trail.The position of the Desmoinesian–Missourian boundary in the Honaker Trail section can be approximated using conodonts in conjunction with fusulinids. The highest Desmoinesian conodont fauna, the Idiognathodus nodocarinatus fauna, occurs in cycle UHT-3 in the lower part of the Upper Honaker Trail sequence. The highest occurrence of Beedeina occurs in the same cycle. The lowest conodont fauna with the Missourian species I. eccentricus appears two cycles higher, in cycle UHT-5. Because in the Midcontinent region a small interval of strata separates the first appearance of I. eccentricus from the base of the Missourian, we place the base of the Missourian at the base of cycle UHT-4 (bed 105) at Honaker Trail. The appearance of Streptognathodus firmus and S. pawhuskaensis in the Shafer limestone indicates that the Missourian–Virgilian boundary lies slightly above or below this stratigraphic horizon.
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Secchiero, Paola, Arianna Gonelli, Claudio Celeghini, Prisco Mirandola, Lia Guidotti, Giuseppe Visani, Silvano Capitani, and Giorgio Zauli. "Activation of the nitric oxide synthase pathway represents a key component of tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand–mediated cytotoxicity on hematologic malignancies." Blood 98, no. 7 (October 1, 2001): 2220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v98.7.2220.

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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced both cytotoxic (apoptosis) and cytostatic (cell cycle perturbation) effects on the human myeloid K562 cell line. TRAIL stimulated caspase 3 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities, and both pathways cooperate in mediating inhibition of K562 survival/growth. This was demonstrated by the ability of z-VAD-fmk, a broad inhibitor of effector caspases, and N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an NOS pharmacologic inhibitor, to completely (z-VAD-fmk) or partially (L-NAME) suppress the TRAIL-mediated inhibitory activity. Moreover, z-VAD-fmk was able to block TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle abnormalities and increase of NOS activity. The addition of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to K562 cells reproduced the cytostatic effect of TRAIL without inducing apoptosis. When TRAIL was associated to SNP, a synergistic increase of apoptosis and inhibition of clonogenic activity was observed in K562 cells as well as in other myeloblastic (HEL, HL-60), lymphoblastic (Jurkat, SupT1), and multiple myeloma (RPMI 8226) cell lines. Although SNP greatly augmented TRAIL-mediated antileukemic activity also on primary leukemic blasts, normal erythroid and granulocytic cells were less sensitive to the cytotoxicity mediated by TRAIL with or without SNP. These data indicate that TRAIL promotes cytotoxicity in leukemic cells by activating effector caspases, which directly lead to apoptosis and stimulate NO production, which mediates cell cycle abnormalities. Both mechanisms seem to be essential for TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Palmer, Kristi L. "Introduction to Indy: Walk, cycle, ride the Cultural Trail." College & Research Libraries News 73, no. 9 (October 1, 2012): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.73.9.8827.

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Devlin, David, Eva Szegezdi, Paavilainen Tanja, Orsolya Orosz, Michael O'Dwyer, Michael Carty, Afshin Samali, and Séverine Cruet Hennequart. "G2/M Arrest Sensitizes Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 4465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4465.4465.

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Abstract Abstract 4465 The death ligand, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receives great interest as it targets and kills cancerous cells, but not non-transformed cells. While it is in phase I/II clinical trials for a range of solid tumours, the generally low sensitivity of leukemia cells to TRAIL makes it a less attractive therapeutic for these cancers. We found that doxorubicin and cytarabine, agents that induce DNA damage and impair cell cycle progression, can sensitize CML cells to TRAIL with CI<1 at Fa of ED25 and ED50 (based on median-effect method using the isobologram equation). Inhibition of the cell cycle checkpoint kinases Chk1/2 with UCN-01 did not influence TRAIL-induced apoptosis nor could it abolish the sensitizing effect of doxorubicin. Interestingly, inhibition of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), a key DNA damage response kinase, with KU-55933 induced a G2/M arrest and enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of ATM alone induced 22±3.1% apoptosis and increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis from 27.2±4.7% to 68±7.2%. Cell cycle analysis revealed that while the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 and S phases slightly increased, the proportion of the cells in the G2/M phase dropped by 31.6±3.2% (p<0.05) indicating that G2/M arrested cells were more sensitive to TRAIL than cells in G0/G1 and S phases. TRAIL-induced CML cell death was also synergistically enhanced by arresting the cells in G2/M using the microtubule disrupting drugs, nocodazole or colcemide. Cells were treated with a concentration of nocodazole or colcemide that induced above 90% G2/M arrest for 16 h (0.3 mM and 0.1 mg/ml, respectively) followed by treatment with 250 ng/ml of TRAIL for 24 h. Nocodazole, colcemide and TRAIL individually induced 19±3.7% 26.3±4.4% and 27.2±4.7% cell death, while combination of nocodazole or colcemide with TRAIL resulted 89±6.8% and 93±5.9% cell death, respectively. In summary, we found that induction of DNA damage sensitizes CML cells to TRAIL and that TRAIL-sensitivity of CML cells is cell cycle-dependent. Disclosures: O'Dwyer: Novartis: Honoraria.
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Rezácová, Martina, Jirina Vávrová, Doris Vokurková, Ales Tichý, Jirí Knízek, and Jan Psutka. "The importance of abrogation of G2-phase arrest in combined effect of TRAIL and ionizing radiation." Acta Biochimica Polonica 52, no. 4 (July 11, 2005): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2005_3403.

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In this work we studied the relationship between the enhanced expression of DR5 receptor and the effect of combination of TRAIL and ionizing radiation on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in human leukemia cell line HL-60. DR5, APO2.7 and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. Proteins Bid and Mcl-1 were analyzed by Western-blotting. For clonogenic survival, colony assay on methylcellulose was used. Ionizing radiation caused significantly enhanced positivity of DR5 receptors 24 h after irradiation with high doses (6 and 8 Gy). An increase of DR5 receptor positivity after a dose of 2 Gy was not statistically significant and application of TRAIL 48 h after irradiation did not increase the apoptosis induction. However, a decrease of radiation-induced G(2) phase arrest and an increase of apoptosis were observed when TRAIL was applied 16 h before irradiation with the dose of 2 Gy. Incubation with 6 microg/l TRAIL for 16 h reduced D(0) value from 2.9 Gy to 1.5 Gy. The induction of apoptosis by TRAIL was accompanied by Bid cleavage and a decrease of antiapoptotic Mcl-1 16 h after incubation with TRAIL. TRAIL in concentration of 6 microg/l applied 16 h before irradiation by the dose of 1.5 Gy caused the death of 63% of clonogenic tumor cells, similarly as the dose of 2.9 Gy alone, which is in good correlation with the enhanced apoptosis induction.
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Quiroz-Reyes, Adriana G., Paulina Delgado-Gonzalez, Jose Francisco Islas, Juan Luis Delgado Gallegos, Javier Humberto Martínez Martínez Garza, and Elsa N. Garza-Treviño. "Behind the Adaptive and Resistance Mechanisms of Cancer Stem Cells to TRAIL." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071062.

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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also known as Apo-2 ligand (Apo2L), is a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily. TRAIL has been widely studied as a novel strategy for tumor elimination, as cancer cells overexpress TRAIL death receptors, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting blood vessel formation. However, cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are the main culprits responsible for therapy resistance and cancer remission, can easily develop evasion mechanisms for TRAIL apoptosis. By further modifying their properties, they take advantage of this molecule to improve survival and angiogenesis. The molecular mechanisms that CSCs use for TRAIL resistance and angiogenesis development are not well elucidated. Recent research has shown that proteins and transcription factors from the cell cycle, survival, and invasion pathways are involved. This review summarizes the main mechanism of cell adaption by TRAIL to promote response angiogenic or pro-angiogenic intermediates that facilitate TRAIL resistance regulation and cancer progression by CSCs and novel strategies to induce apoptosis.
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Ling, J., R. S. Herbst, D. S. Mendelson, S. G. Eckhardt, P. O’Dwyer, S. Ebbinghaus, R. Osborne, M. Cheu, G. Lieberman, and B. L. Lum. "Apo2L/TRAIL pharmacokinetics in a phase 1a trial in advanced cancer and lymphoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 3047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3047.

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3047 Background: Apo2L/TRAIL (Apo2L ligand/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is the first recombinant human protein that selectively induces apoptosis or programmed cell death in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. The molecule used in this joint clinical development between Genentech, Inc. and Amgen, Inc., is an optimized recombinant human Apo2L/TRAIL protein produced in E. coli. It displays broad activity in preclinical models of a variety of solid and hematologic cancers. This is the first report of the pharmacokinetics of Apo2L/TRAIL in humans. Methods: Thirty-nine patients enrolled in a phase 1a study had PK assessments at dose levels ranging from 0.5–15 mg/kg in two cohorts, those with and those without liver metastases. Recombinant human Apo2L/TRAIL was administered as a 1-hr IV infusion for 5 consecutive days over a 21-day cycle. Serum concentrations were determined using a sensitive ELISA assay. PK calculations were performed using Non-compartmental analyses. Results: Currently Apo2L/TRAIL PK data are available for 27 patients, 15 in cohort 1 (no liver metastases) and 12 in cohort 2 (liver metastases). Mean (± SD) PK data for patients in cohort 1 and cohort 2 did not differ. PK data for cohort 1 are outlined in the table below. Apo2L/TRAIL clearance appeared proportional to dose and consistent with that predicted from nonclinical models. Cmax achieved at doses ≥ 4 mg/kg are equivalent to or greater than those displaying activity in preclinical models. There was no evidence of drug accumulation between day 1 and day 5 of treatment. Conclusions: Apo2L/TRAIL at doses which can be safely administered in humans produces serum concentrations consistent with those demonstrating efficacy in tumor xenograft models. Hepatic metastases with or without mild liver dysfunction do not appear to influence the PK of Apo2L/TRAIL. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cycle trail"

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Kruchňová, Zuzana. "Pivní stezky v Jihočeském kraji." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162482.

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The aim of this thesis is to evaluate beer tourism potential of Jihočeský kraj. The first part of this thesis deals with the characteristics of gastronomy and beer tourism. The first chapter also presents successful foreign projects of gastronomy tourism. The second chapter presents tourism infrastructure and beer industry in Jihočeský kraj. In this chapter there are described and evaluated breweries in the region. The third chapter identifies possible reasons for Jihočeské pivní stezky project failure. Last chapter suggests beer cycle trails and beer packages on the ground of previous chapters.
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Valdifiori, Marika. "Strumentazione mediante sensori inerziali di test per la valutazione della funzione grafo-motoria in età evolutiva: studi preliminari." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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L'obiettivo di questa tesi è stato effettuare una valutazione preliminare sull'utilizzabilità dei sensori inerziali per la valutazione del movimento fine durante attività di coordinazione manuale. Lo scopo finale è valutare la possibilità di utilizzare parametri quantitativi utilizzati in analisi del movimento per la caratterizzazione della performance dell’arto superiore durante compiti che richiedono abilità grafo-motorie. A questo scopo sono stati selezionati alcuni test che potessero fornire un quadro completo delle funzioni grafo-motorie tra quelli maggiormente utilizzati nella pratica clinica: il test DGMP (per la valutazione del livello di automatizzazione di qualità e di apprendimento della scrittura in corsivo) e i test Cycle Trail e Flower Trail, scelti fra la batteria di Test Movement ABC-2 (per la valutazione di destrezza manuale). Hanno preso parte allo studio undici soggetti adulti giovani sani e quattro bambini con sviluppo tipico. Dopo aver posizionato i sensori inerziali sui polsi è stato richiesto ai soggetti di svolgere i test sopraelencati in diverse condizioni: "migliore" e "veloce", "lenta" e "veloce", mano destra e mano sinistra. Sono stati applicati gli indici (RMS accelerazione, RMS Jerk, MIJerk, IJerk, MSE) al segnale di accelerazione dell’arto che eseguiva l’esercizio ed è stato valutato se gli indici analizzati fossero in grado di distinguere diverse condizioni di esecuzione. Da questo studio preliminare, i parametri utilizzati (RMS accelerazione, RMS Jerk, MIJerk, IJerk, MSE) hanno mostrato una specificità sufficiente nel distinguere le diverse condizione analizzate, supportando quindi sviluppi futuri per l’applicazione dei sensori inerziali per la valutazione oggettiva della coordinazione fine durante attività grafo-motorie.
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Hu, Haoyu. "Ramification et cycles proches pour les faisceaux ℓ-adiques sur un schéma au-dessus d’un trait." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112220/document.

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Dans cette thèse, on étude le complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur un schéma au-dessus d'un trait en utilisant la théorie de ramification d'Abbes et Saito. La première partie est consacrée à une nouvelle preuve d'une formule de Deligne et Kato qui calcule la dimension du complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur une courbe relative lisse au-dessus d'un trait strictement local. Deligne a considéré le cas où le faisceau n'a pas de ramification verticale, et Kato a traité le cas général. Notre approche est basée sur une notion locale de cycle caractéristiquedéfinie grâce au conducteur de Swan raffiné d'Abbes et Saito. Dans la deuxième partie, on démontre une formule qui calcule le conducteur de Swan de la cohomologie du complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur une variété lisse au-dessus d'un trait d'égale caractéristique, vérifiant une certaine condition de ramification. Tsushima a introduit la classe caractéristique raffinée du faisceau et il a démontré qu'elle calcule le conducteur de Swan de la cohomologie du complexe de ses cycles proches par une formule du type Lefschetz-Verdier. On calcule la classe caractéristique raffinée comme un produit d'intersection sur le fibré cotangent logarithmique de la variété faisant apparaître le cycle caractéristique du faisceau défini par Abbes et Saito et la section nulle
In this thesis, we study the nearby cycle complex of an l-adic sheaf on a scheme over a trait, using ramification theory of Abbes and Saito. The first part is devoted to a new proof of a formula of Deligne and Kato that computes the dimension of the stalks of the nearby cycle complex of an l-adic sheaf on a smooth relative curve over a strictly local trait. Deligne considered the case where the sheaf has no vertical ramification and Kato extended the formula to the general case. Our approach is based on a local notion of characteristic cycle defined using the refined Swan conductor of Abbes and Saito. In the second part, we prove a formula that computes the Swan conductor of the cohomology of the nearby cycle complex of an l-adic sheaf on a smooth variety over a trait of equal characteristic, satisfying a certain ramification condition. Tsushima introduced the refined characteristic class of the sheaf and he proved that it computes the Swan conductor of the cohomology of its nearby cycle complex by a Lefschetz-Verdier type formula.We compute the refined characteristic class as an intersection product on the logarithmic cotangent bundle of the variety, involving the characteristic cycle of the sheaf defined by Abbes and Saito and the zero section
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Pavlaki, Maria. "Effects of combined stressors in the life-cycle trait of Daphnia Magna." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8808.

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Mestrado em Toxicologia e Ecotoxicologia
Os diversos compartimentos naturais estão constantemente expostos a vários tipos de contaminantes, bem como a misturas destes compostos, oriundos da actividade humana. Em ecossistemas aquáticos, vários stressores podem actuar em conjunto e causar danos aos organismos. O aumento do uso de pesticidas para fins agrícolas causa demanda a avaliação do risco inerente que estes compostos representam ao atingir o ambiente aquático. A lixiviação dos pesticidas está geralmente associada com o transporte de matéria orgânica e consequente diminuição da concentração de oxigénio em sistemas aquáticos. Os metais pesados podem ser introduzidos no ambiente através da actividade humana, como a actividade mineira. Portanto, a poluição dos ecossistemas é geralmente caracterizada por uma mistura de compostos químicos, que na maioria das vezes, estão presentes em combinação com stressores naturais Neste estudo, três tipos de stressores químicos, dois insecticidas (imidacloprid e thiacloprid), um metal pesado, níquel, e um tipo de stressor natural, representado por diferentes níveis de alimento foram testados com o objectivo de avaliar o impacto de cada stressor em isolado, bem como as suas misturas e combinações para um organismo não-alvo, Daphnia magna, através da aplicação do modelos teóricos Adição de concentração (AC) e Acção independente (AI), bem como seus possíveis desvios para sinergismo (causando efeito mais severo) ou antagonismo (efeito menos severo), dependentes da dose aplicada, ou dependência do rácio entre as doses aplicadas para cada item da mistura e/ou combinação. Os efeitos crónicos dos compostos isolados bem como os das misturas foram obtidos pela exposição de Daphnia magna a uma gama de concentrações por 21 dias. Os parâmetros analisados foram a produção de juvenis e o crescimento. Os resultados das exposições isoladas de Daphnia magna aos compostos químicos mostraram decréscimo na produção de juvenis e no crescimento do organismo. O mesmo padrão foi observado quando os organismos foram expostos a níveis baixos de alimento, enquanto a níveis elevados, a produção de juvenis e o crescimento foram estimulados. Os resultados da exposição à mistura de imidacloprid e thiacloprid mostraram um desvio do modelo AC, com uma dependência das doses aplicadas, sendo observado sinergismo a doses baixas e antagonismo a doses altas de ambos os compostos. Para a mistura de imidacloprid e níquel, nenhum desvio foi obtido, e a mistura foi ajustada ao modelo AI. A resposta na produção de juvenis para a combinação de imidaclopid ou níquel com níveis baixos de alimento não demonstrou desvio do modelo de acção independente. Para a análise da combinação entre imidacloprid ou níquel com níveis altos de alimento não foi possível aplicar os modelos teóricos, e os efeitos tóxicos dos químicos para os organismos foram avaliados para cada nível de alimento maior que o controlo. Neste estudo, é demonstrado que o impacto dos compostos químicos encontrados no ambiente, em misturas ou em combinação com stressores naturais será diferente do impacto induzido por estes compostos em isolado. O presente estudo mostra a necessidade da avaliação dos efeitos das exposições a misturas de químicos e combinações com stressores naturais encontrados no ambiente, e não somente a avaliação dos compostos em isolado.
The environment is being constantly exposed to various types of contaminants as well as their mixtures mainly due to human activities. In aquatic ecosystems several stressors may act together and affect the life traits of organisms. The increasing use of pesticides for agricultural purposes will require the assessment of the inherent risk when they arrive in marine or freshwater ecosystems. Pesticide runoffs are usually associated with high inputs of organic matter and depletion of oxygen in aquatic systems. Heavy metals can be introduced into the environment due to human activities such as mining processes. Therefore, polluted ecosystems are characterized by an amalgam of chemical compounds, most of the times in combination with natural stressors. In this study, three different chemical stressors, two neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, a heavy metal, nickel and an environmental stressor, food level with low and high concentrations, were tested in order to assess the impact of their single toxic effects as well as their mixtures and combinations with a natural stressor on a non-target organism, Daphnia magna, with the use of theoretical models, Concentration Addition and Independent Action as well as possible deviations from them, like synergism, (causing a more severe effect) or antagonism (less severe effect), effects dependent from “dose level” (different deviations at high and low concentrations) or those dependent from “dose ratio” (deviations differ from mixture composition). Chronic effects of the single stressors as well as their combinations were assessed by exposing Daphnia magna to a range of concentrations for 21 days. The parameters analyzed were offspring production and body length of Daphnia magna. Results from single exposure of Daphnia magna to the chemical compounds showed a decrease in offspring production and in the body length of the organism. The same was observed when D. magna was exposed to low levels of food while in increased levels of food the offspring production and body length increased. Mixture exposure of imidacloprid and thiacloprid for offspring production showed a deviation from the CA model to dose level dependency indication synergism at low does level and antagonism at high does level of the chemicals. For the mixture of imidacloprid and nickel no deviation was obtained and the mixture fitted the IA model. Offspring production from the combinations of imidacloprid or nickel with low food levels showed no deviation from the IA model. For the combinations of imidacloprid or nickel with high food levels it was not possible to use the theoretical models and the toxic effects of the chemicals to the organism were assessed for each food level higher than the control. In this study, it is presented that the impact of chemicals found in the environment in mixtures between them or in combinations with environmental stressors will be different to the impact the single stressors induce. This study shows the need for evaluation of the exposure effects of mixtures of chemicals and combinations with natural stressors found on the environment and not only the single exposure effects.
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Lim, Harry. "Effect of varied music applications in cycle ergometry." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6969.

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The aim of this research programme was to investigate the effects of different music applications: The differentiated exposure of music and the synchronous application of music. In Study 1, participants completed a series of 10-km cycling time trials under four single-blinded conditions: No-music control, music 0-10 km (M1), music 0-5 km (M2), and music 5-10 km (M3). The largest performance gains were noticed under M1, followed by M3, when compared to control, while the most positive psychological response was observed only in M3. Study 2 further examined the notion of differentiated music exposure by incorporating both quantitative and qualitative modes of inquiry. In addition, participants were given foreknowledge of the experimental conditions. Although no performance gains were found across conditions, M3 significantly reduced perceived exertion and prevented affective decline. Qualitative findings suggest that prolonged exposure to music may have negative psychological and psychophysical consequences. The last study contrasted the effects of synchronous and asynchronous application of music in a 6-min submaximal cycling task. Synchronous music was more effective than asynchronous music in terms of reducing perceptions of exertion and increasing subjective arousal. Although no changes in oxygen uptake were found across conditions, auditory-motor synchronisation appeared to reduce heart rate. The contribution of this thesis is twofold. Firstly, the provision of music in the latter stages of a task appears to have significant psychological and psychophysical benefits when compared against constant music exposure. Secondly, more positive effects, in terms of perceived exertion and subjective arousal, are observed when music is applied synchronously compared to asynchronously; this suggests a need for a separate conceptual framework for the application of synchronous music.
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Hu, Haoyu. "Ramification et cycles proches pour les faisceaux ℓ-adiques sur un schéma au-dessus d'un trait." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01073249.

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Dans cette thèse, on étude le complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur un schéma au-dessus d'un trait en utilisant la théorie de ramification d'Abbes et Saito. La première partie est consacrée à une nouvelle preuve d'une formule de Deligne et Kato qui calcule la dimension du complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur une courbe relative lisse au-dessus d'un trait strictement local. Deligne a considéré le cas où le faisceau n'a pas de ramification verticale, et Kato a traité le cas général. Notre approche est basée sur une notion locale de cycle caractéristiquedéfinie grâce au conducteur de Swan raffiné d'Abbes et Saito. Dans la deuxième partie, on démontre une formule qui calcule le conducteur de Swan de la cohomologie du complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur une variété lisse au-dessus d'un trait d'égale caractéristique, vérifiant une certaine condition de ramification. Tsushima a introduit la classe caractéristique raffinée du faisceau et il a démontré qu'elle calcule le conducteur de Swan de la cohomologie du complexe de ses cycles proches par une formule du type Lefschetz-Verdier. On calcule la classe caractéristique raffinée comme un produit d'intersection sur le fibré cotangent logarithmique de la variété faisant apparaître le cycle caractéristique du faisceau défini par Abbes et Saito et la section nulle.
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Vinberg, Erik Magni. "Energy use in the operational cycle of passenger rail vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Spårfordon, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234853.

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This master thesis investigates and analyzes the energy use for traction and auxiliary equipment in passenger rail vehicles. It covers both the train service with passengers and when the trains are going through other stages in the everyday operation. The operational cycle and associated operational situations are introduced as a way of describing the varying use of a train over time. The descriptions focus on the most common activities and situations, such as stabling and parking, regular cleaning, inspections and maintenance. Also how these situations affect energy use by their need for different auxiliary systems to be active. An energy model is developed based on the operational cycle as a primary input, together with relevant vehicle parameters and climate conditions. The latter proving to be a major influence on the energy used by the auxiliary equipment. The model is applied in two case studies, on SJ's X55 and Västtrafik's X61 trains. Both are modern electric multiple units equipped with energy meters. Model input is gathered from available technical documentation, previous studies and by measurements and parameter estimations. Operational cycle input is collected through different planning systems and rolling stock rosters. Climate input is finally compiled from open meteorological data banks. The results of the case studies show that the method and models are useful for studying the energy used by the trains in their operational cycles. With the possibility to distinguish the energy used by the auxiliary equipment, both during and outside the time the trains are in service with passengers. With this it's also possible to further investigate and study potential energy saving measures for the auxiliary equipment. Simulations of new ventilation control functions and improved use of existing operating modes on the trains show that considerable energy savings could be achieved with potentially very small investments or changes to the trains. The results generally show the importance of a continued investigation of the auxiliary equipment's energy use, as well as how the different operational situations other than the train service affect the total energy use.
Detta examensarbete utreder och analyserar energianvändningen för passagerarjärnvägsfordons traktion- och hjälpkraftssystem, både under tågdriften med passagerare och andra delmoment som tågen genomgår under den normala dagliga driften. För detta introduceras driftcykeln och tillhörande driftsituationer som ett sätt att beskriva användningen av ett tåg över tiden. Syftet är att beskriva de vanligast förekommande aktiviteterna och situationerna, såsom uppställning och parkering, regelbundna inspektioner, klargörningar och underhåll. Även hur dessa situationer påverkar energianvändningen genom ett varierande behov av hjälpkraft och aktiva funktioner i tågen. En energimodell baserad på driftcykeln som huvudsaklig indata, tillsammans med tågets egenskaper samt det omgivande klimatet, tas fram. Klimatet visar sig vara en avgörande faktor i hjälpkraftens energianvändning. Modellen utvärderas i typstudier på SJs X55 och Västtrafiks X61. Båda är elektriska motorvagnståg utrustade med energimätare. Indata till modellen samlas in genom tillgänglig teknisk dokumentation, tidigare studier och genom mätningar samt parameterestimering. Driftcyklerna för tågtyperna sammanställs med hjälp av olika planeringssystem och omloppsplaner. Väder- och klimatdata samlas slutligen in från öppna databaser för metrologiska data. Resultaten från typstudierna visar att metoden och modellerna är användbara verktyg för att kunna beskriva tågens energianvändning i deras driftcykler. Med möjligheten att särskilja hjälpkraftssystemens energianvändning vid tågdriften med passagerare men även i de övriga situationerna. Med detta blir det också möjligt att undersöka potentiella energibesparingsåtgärder för hjälpkraftssystemen. Simulering av förbättrade styrfunktioner för ventilationen och förbättrat utnyttjade av redan inbygga energibesparande driftlägen på tågen visar att betydande energibesparingar kan fås med relativt små medel och få förändringar på fordonen. De sammantagna resultaten av arbetet visar på vikten av att fortsätta undersöka och utreda hjälpkraftens energianvändning samt hur driftsituationerna utanför tågdriften med passagerare påverkar den totala energianvändningen.
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Andruetto, Claudia. "FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF THE DRIVE TRAIN ELECTRIFICATION FOR A RESCUE BOAT." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266115.

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Progressing constraints on green house gas emissions lead to a sustainability trend,which greatly a↵ects the transport sector. Nowadays, companies show increasing interest indeveloping sustainable solutions.This thesis has been started thanks to a project given by Sj¨or¨addningss¨allskapet, themost relevant association that performs sea rescue operations in Swedish waters.Sj¨or¨addningss¨allskapet would like to explore the possibility of making their rescue boat fleetentirely carbon-free, hence more sustainable.What may provide a suitable solution is an electric drive train with hybrid energy storage,composed by a battery pack and a fuel cell stack. The research question is whether it wouldbe feasible to combine fuel cell stacks and battery packs to provide power to a fast smallboat.From a sketch of a rescue boat, the drive train design for such boat is studied in itsintegrity, from the water jet pump to the battery and fuel cell systems.The required power has been calculated empirically, using data from online tests on waterjet boats. Di↵erent tests have been considered, resulting in a mean power curve and a meanconsumption curve and allowing comparison between the hybrid electric drive train withan internal combustion engine drive train.Three profiles of speed, power and consumption have been assumed for the calculation ofthe required energy and hence rate the energy storage system. A design has been proposedin terms of fuel cell capacity and battery capacity.The propulsion unit, composed by the electric machine and water jet, has been studied,focusing on di↵erent electric drive technologies. Few conclusions on both the weight andsustainability requirements are discussed.A sustainability analysis is carried out in terms of CO2 emissions, through a life cycleassessment accounting for the environmental impact of the system during the whole lifecycle, from cradle to grave.
Ökande begränsningar för utsläpp av växthusgaser leder till en hållbarhetsutveckling, vilket påverkar transportsektorn kraftigt. Nuförtiden visar företag ett ökande intresse för att utveckla hållbara lösningar.‌Denna avhandling har startats tack vare ett projekt som ges av Sjöräddningssällskapet, den viktigaste föreningen som utför havsräddningsinsatser i svenska vatten.Sjöräddningssällskapet vill undersöka möjligheten att göra deras räddningsbåtflotta helt emissionfri, och därmed mer hållbar.Det som kan ge en lämplig lösning är ett elektriskt drivsystem med hybrid energilagring, sammansatt av ett batteripaket och en bränslecell-stapel. Forskningsfrågan är om det skulle vara möjligt att kombinera bränslecellstaplar och batteripaket för att driva en snabb liten båt.Från en skiss av en räddningsbåt studeras designen för en sådan båt i dess integritet, från vattenstrålpumpen till batteri och bränslecellsystem.Den erforderliga kraften har beräknats empiriskt med hjälp av data från onlinetest av vattenstrålbåtar. Olika tester har beaktats, vilket resulterar i en genomsnittlig e↵ektkurva och en genomsnittlig förbrukningskurva och möjliggör en jämförelse mellan det hybridelektriska drivsystemet med ett förbränningsmotordrivsystem.Tre profiler av hastighet, e↵ekt och förbrukning har antagits för beräkning av den erforderliga energin och därmed för energilagringssystemet. En design har föreslagits vad gäller bränslecellkapacitet och batterikapacitet.Framdrivningsenheten, sammansatt av den elektriska maskinen och vattenstrålen, har studerats med fokus på olika elektriska drivtekniker. Några slutsatser om både vikten och hållbarhetskraven diskuteras.En hållbarhetsanalys utförs med avseende på koldioxidutsläpp genom en livscykelbedömningsom redovisar systemets miljöpåverkan under hela livscykeln, från vagga till grav.
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Mihaylov, Veselin. "Comparative life cycle impact assessment of a battery electric and a conventional powertrains for a passenger transport ferryboat : A case study of the entire integrated system for vessel propulsion." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105862.

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This master thesis represents a life cycle impact assessment of a state of the art electrically driven power train. It is expected to be installed in a diesel engine passenger ferry boat, currently transporting passengers in downtown Stockholm archipelago. The assessment has a comparative character in between the currently operating and the new power train in order to differentiate and recognize which of the two propulsion options is the environmentally preferable choice. The scope of the study is directed towards the thorough examination of both power trains so that it can represent most closely the two specific technological cases. Studied and assessed were the three main life cycle phases of each power train – raw materials acquisition and manufacturing, use phase and end of life phase. The fundament of the study involved creating environmental models for each and every component of the drive trains, the propulsion fuel and energy used, and the services related to waste treatment in the last phase of their functional life. The environmental models were later used to build live cycle inventories that served to derive the respectful impact from the item analyzed. The data used to model the battery electric power train was provided directly from the manufacturer, where the end of life procedures carried out were assumed where possible. The main battery pack for the electric power train was not modeled in terms of  end of life procedures due to insufficiency of information. Almost no generic information was available to model the diesel engine and it was calculated by creating auxiliary simplified cad models. The rest of the data required to achieve an environmental inventory regarding the power train was available from a subcontractor. Both studied options were modeled with allocation approach that includes the avoided production of materials at the waste treatment stage where there was sufficient information to do that. There was none to model the main battery packs avoided production which is a major component of the battery electric system. To model the use phase of the diesel engine power train, research data regarding combustion emissions and waterborne emissions was utilized. A number of electricity mix models were applied to create a sensitivity analysis of the operation phase of the battery electric power train. Chosen for baseline scenarios simulating the use phases of both power trains are use of Nordel market electricity mix and the combustion of low sulfur diesel with five volumetric percent rape methyl ester additive. For the purposes of the assessment eighteen midpoint impact indicators were used to cover the areas of global warming potential, human health and quality of eco systems. The results from the study show that the estimated impact from both power trains is small enough to have almost no influence on the results from the two baseline scenarios. Based on this it was concluded that for future research of similar cases either generic information can be used or a cut-off can be applied. After the assessment, more environmentally favorable was estimated the diesel engine power train because of the large burdens from the battery manufacturing in the battery electric option. Further assessment determined that the diesel engine power train again is less environmentally intensive than the battery electric with the main battery burdens excluded. In the overall life cycle impact assessment both power train showed different results in the different impact categories, which could not place a definitive propulsion option of choice. The conclusions from the analysis are that the diesel engine power train causes higher impact in the categories related to global warming, fossil depletion and in most ecosystems quality indicators. The battery electric version in its base line scenario, on the other hand, expresses higher impact in categories related to human health and in the remaining eco system quality midpoint-scores.
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Stites, Aaron W. "A Comparison of the Effects of High-Resistance Cycle Training and Leg Press on the Wingate Anaerobic Test, Strength, and Time-Trial Performance." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2844.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Cycle trail"

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Ball, Mog. First lap: Setting up a motor cycle trail park : a community-oriented approach to a new youth facility. London: Community Projects Foundation, 1985.

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John, Grimshaw, Toksvig Sandi, and Sustrans (Organization), eds. National Cycle Network. 3rd ed. Bristol: Sustrans, 2005.

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Motocross cycles. Mankato, Minn: Capstone High-Interest Books, 2002.

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David, Jack. Motocross cycles. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media, 2008.

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Cycle racing: How to train, race and win. Willowdale, Ont: Firefly Books, 2004.

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Commission, Great Britain Forestry. Cycl ing in the forest: Great Glen. (Inverness) ((Church St., Inverness)): Forestry Commission (Office of Conservator of Forestry for North Scotland), 2000.

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(Organization), Sustrans. Cycling in the UK: The official guide to the National Cycle Network. Basingstoke: AA, 2009.

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Evans, Jeremy. Great cycle routes: Dorset and the New Forest. Marlborough: Crowood Press, 1995.

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Cycle racing: How to train, race and win gold : track racing, road racing, time trialling, mountain bike racing, cyclo-cross. London: Carlton, 2009.

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(Organization), Sustrans, ed. Cycling in the UK: An introduction to the National Cycle Network. Basingstoke: AA, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cycle trail"

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Cho, Hwan-Gue, and Alexander Zelikovsky. "Spanning closed trail and hamiltonian cycle in grid graphs." In Algorithms and Computations, 342–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0015440.

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Reimann, Kathy, Sara Paulsson, Yannos Wikström, and Saemundur Weaving. "Environmental Product Declaration of a Commuter Train." In Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Management, 579–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1899-9_56.

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Liu, Shu-Sheng. "Production of alatae in response to low temperature in aphids: A trait of seasonal adaptation." In Insect life-cycle polymorphism, 245–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1888-2_12.

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Shaha, S. K., F. Czerwinski, W. Kasprzak, J. Friedman, and D. L. Chen. "Low Cycle Fatigue of Aluminum-Silicon Alloys for Power-Train Applications." In TMS2015 Supplemental Proceedings, 999–1006. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093466.ch121.

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King, Pamela M. "Contemporary cultural models for the trial plays in the York Cycle." In Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe, 200–216. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tcne-eb.3.4826.

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Shaha, S. K., F. Czerwinski, W. Kasprzak, J. Friedman, and D. L. Chen. "Low Cycle Fatigue of Aluminum-Silicon Alloys for Power-Train Applications." In TMS 2015 144th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, 999–1006. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48127-2_121.

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Zhang, Wen-Jin, and Nan Lan. "Research on the Reliability Growth Management Techniques of High-Speed Train for Whole Life Cycle." In The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 529–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38433-2_58.

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Roden, Dylan F., Jennifer M. Johnson, Petr Szturz, Paolo Bossi, and Athanassios Argiris. "New and Promising Targeted Therapies in First and Second-Line Settings." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 277–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_18.

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AbstractDeeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), has led to the investigation of several novel targeted therapies. These therapeutic approaches may eventually replace or complement existing treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, and specifically cetuximab, are as of now the only class of targeted agents, excluding immune checkpoint inhibitors, with approval in the treatment of HNSCC. Beyond EGFR inhibition, novel therapies under evaluation are directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR), PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, cell cycle regulation (for example, cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6), HRAS, DNA repair mechanisms, and others. Development of new therapies has to take into consideration the complexity of solid tumors and their heterogeneity. Multitargeted combination therapy approaches may be required in certain cases in order to maximize antitumor effect. Ways to individualize treatment using validated biomarkers are likely to improve outcomes. We review the most relevant molecular targets in HNSCC and provide updates on clinical trial data with promising new targeted agents.
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"Europa-Radweg Eiserner Vorhang / The Iron Curtain Trail-A European Cycle Route." In Unbuilding Walls, 40–47. Birkhäuser, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783035615944-005.

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Oldstone, Michael B. A. "West Nile Virus: Deaths of Crows and Humans." In Viruses, Plagues, and History, 261–80. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056780.003.0014.

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This chapter addresses West Nile virus, the cause of a formerly unknown disease whose path through America was a trail of dead birds and dead people. West Nile virus is currently the most common and severe form of mosquito-borne encephalitis in North America. At present, West Nile virus has been isolated from over 300 species of birds. The infected birds fall into two major groups: those that carry the virus and are asymptomatic and those that develop an often fatal neurologic disease. Crows, jays, magpies, and house finches, upon infection, develop high virus loads and rapidly infect the mosquitoes that prey on them. House sparrows are also reservoirs for high titers of West Nile virus and play a role in the virus’ transmission in city areas. Humans are incidental/accidental hosts in the natural mosquito–bird cycle of this viral infection. Most humans who become infected have received bites from mosquitoes carrying the West Nile virus. The viruses then replicate at the bite site and likely spread to specialized cells, dendritic cells, which act as processors of foreign antigens. Viruses may also travel directly from the bite site into and through the blood.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cycle trail"

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Ali, Alonso, and Orlando Lee. "A new sufficient condition for the existence of 3-kernels." In Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2020.11083.

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Let D be a digraph and k be a positive integer. We say a subset N of V(D) is a k-kernel of D if it is both k-independent and (k − 1)-absorbent. A short chord of a closed trail C = (v0, v1, . . . , vt) is an arc a = (vi, vj) which does not belong to C and the distance from vi to vj in C is exactly two. The spacing between two chords e = (u, v) and f = (x, y) in C is the distance from u to x in C. A set of chords in a closed trail C has an odd spacing if at least two chords have an odd spacing. In this work, we prove that if D is a strongly connected digraph where every odd cycle has a short chord and every even closed trail has three short chords with an odd spacing, then D has a 3-kernel.
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Ehrhardt, Harald, Franziska Wachter, Michaela Grunert, and Irmela Jeremias. "Abstract 3326: TRAIL induces apoptosis preferentially in cell cycle arrested tumor cells, e.g., in tumor cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia upon knockdown of cyclinE." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3326.

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Feng, Xiaolong, Shiva Sander-Tavallaey, and Johan O¨lvander. "Cycle-Based Robot Drive Train Optimization Utilizing SVD Analysis." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34772.

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Designing a drive train for an industrial robot is a demanding task where a set of design variables need to be determined so that optimal performance is obtained for a wide range of different duty cycles. The paper presents a method where singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to reduce the design variable set. The application is a six degree of freedom serial manipulator, with nine drive train parameters for each axis and the objective is to minimize the cycle time on 122 representative design cycles without decreasing the expected lifetime of the robot. The optimization is based on a simulation model of the robot and conducted on a reduced set of the initial duty cycles and with the design variables suggested by the SVD analysis. The obtained design reduces the cycle time with 1.6% on the original design cycles without decreasing the life time of the robot.
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Golebiowski, Mateusz, John P. C. W. Ling, Eric Knopf, and Andreas Niedermeyer. "Torsional Robustness of the Combined Cycle Power Train Arrangement: Application of Statistical Methods to Accelerate Shaft-Line Design Cycles." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57402.

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This article presents the application of statistical methods to guide the rotordynamic design of a turbo-generator shaft-line. One of the basic requirements is all shaft components must survive the event of a short circuit at the terminals of the generator. This is typically assessed via a transient response simulation of the complete machine train (including generator’s electrical model) to check the calculated response torque against the allowable value. With an increasing demand of a shorter design cycle and competition in performance, cost, footprint and safety, the probabilistic approach is starting to play an important role in the power train design process. The main challenge arises with the size of the design space and complexity of its mapping onto multiple objective functions and criteria which are defined for different machines. In the presented paper, the authors give an example demonstrating the use of statistical methods to explore (Design of Experiment) and understand (Surface Response Methods) the design space of the Combined Cycle Power Train with respect to the typically most severe constraint (fault torque torsional response), which leads to a quicker definition of a turbo-generator’s arrangement. Further statistical analyses are carried out to understand the robustness of the chosen design against future modifications as well as parameters’ uncertainties.
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Prochazka, Jan, Petr Novobilsky, Dana Prochazkova, and Tomas Kertis. "Certification Cycles of Train Cyber Gateway." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-14-8593-0_3728-cd.

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Xu, Wen, Ziyulong Wang, Bishal Sharma, and Yuyan Tan. "The Reasonable Cycle Length for Periodic Train Line Planning Problem." In 2018 8th International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/liss.2018.8593246.

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El-Sayed, Mohamed E. M., and Jeffrey Barber. "Analysis of Hybrid Bus Powertrain With Different Transmissions." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64536.

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The main goals for developing hybrid power train system are reducing emissions and providing commercially viable low cost transportation solutions. To achieve these goals, a well defined set of targets and specifications are necessary for the hybrid system development. These targets and specifications are needed for design, analysis, and validation of the power train subsystems, components, and successful system integration. During hybrid system design and development, there are many alternatives and design configurations to choose from. To select the most efficient systems duty cycle data and profiles are needed to assist in defining the design targets and specifications. For buses, due to their well defined routes the duty cycles can be achieved through data acquisitions or by using the American Public Transit Association (APTA) standard duty cycle. In this paper, the APTA duty cycle profiles are used to evaluate two alternatives power train configurations for a bus series hybrid system. The first configuration consists of two electric motors and one speed transmission while the second configuration consists of one electric motor with two speed transmission. The simulation and analysis results of both configurations are presented.
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Mandal, Pankaj K., Kourosh Afrousheh, and Andrew Speck. "De-exciting Rydberg atoms using a half-cycle THz pulse train." In 2008 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimw.2008.4665697.

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Naylor, S. M., V. Pickert, and D. J. Atkinson. "Fuel Cell Drive Train Systems -- Driving Cycle Evaluation of Potential Topologies." In 2006 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vppc.2006.364368.

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Javanshir, Alireza, and Nenad Sarunac. "Effect of the Working Fluid on Performance of the ORC and Combined Brayton/ORC Cycle." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3174.

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Abstract:
This study focuses on the power cycles such as organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and combined regenerative Brayton/ORC. The selection of working fluids and power cycles is traditionally conducted by trial and error method and performing a large number of parametric calculations over a range of operating conditions. A methodology for selection of optimal working fluid based on the cycle operating conditions and thermophysical properties of the working fluids was developed in this study. Thermodynamic performance (thermal efficiency and net power output) of a simple subcritical and supercritical ORC was analyzed over a range of operating conditions for a number of working fluids to determine the effect of operating parameters on cycle performance and select the best working fluid. New expressions for thermal efficiency of a simple ORC are proposed. In case of a regenerative Brayton/ORC, the results show that CO2 is the best working fluid for the topping cycle. Depending on the exhaust temperature of the topping cycle, Isobutane, R11 and Ethanol are the preferred working fluids for the bottoming (ORC) cycle, resulting in highest efficiency of the combined cycle. Finally, a performance map is presented as guidance for selection of the best working fluid for specific cycle operating conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Cycle trail"

1

McConkey, David J. Cell Cycle Dependence of TRAIL Sensitivity in Prostate Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada466697.

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2

McConkey, David J. Cell Cycle Dependence of TRIAL Sensitivity in Prostate Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada481365.

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Fulco, Charles S., K. W. Kambis, A. L. Friedlander, P. B. Rock, and J. E. Staab. Carbohydrate Supplementation Improves Time-Trial Cycle Performance at 4300 m Altitude. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411927.

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