Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cycle trail'

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate beer tourism potential of Jihočeský kraj. The first part of this thesis deals with the characteristics of gastronomy and beer tourism. The first chapter also presents successful foreign projects of gastronomy tourism. The second chapter presents tourism infrastructure and beer industry in Jihočeský kraj. In this chapter there are described and evaluated breweries in the region. The third chapter identifies possible reasons for Jihočeské pivní stezky project failure. Last chapter suggests beer cycle trails and beer packages on the ground of previous chapters.

L'obiettivo di questa tesi è stato effettuare una valutazione preliminare sull'utilizzabilità dei sensori inerziali per la valutazione del movimento fine durante attività di coordinazione manuale. Lo scopo finale è valutare la possibilità di utilizzare parametri quantitativi utilizzati in analisi del movimento per la caratterizzazione della performance dell’arto superiore durante compiti che richiedono abilità grafo-motorie. A questo scopo sono stati selezionati alcuni test che potessero fornire un quadro completo delle funzioni grafo-motorie tra quelli maggiormente utilizzati nella pratica clinica: il test DGMP (per la valutazione del livello di automatizzazione di qualità e di apprendimento della scrittura in corsivo) e i test Cycle Trail e Flower Trail, scelti fra la batteria di Test Movement ABC-2 (per la valutazione di destrezza manuale). Hanno preso parte allo studio undici soggetti adulti giovani sani e quattro bambini con sviluppo tipico. Dopo aver posizionato i sensori inerziali sui polsi è stato richiesto ai soggetti di svolgere i test sopraelencati in diverse condizioni: "migliore" e "veloce", "lenta" e "veloce", mano destra e mano sinistra. Sono stati applicati gli indici (RMS accelerazione, RMS Jerk, MIJerk, IJerk, MSE) al segnale di accelerazione dell’arto che eseguiva l’esercizio ed è stato valutato se gli indici analizzati fossero in grado di distinguere diverse condizioni di esecuzione. Da questo studio preliminare, i parametri utilizzati (RMS accelerazione, RMS Jerk, MIJerk, IJerk, MSE) hanno mostrato una specificità sufficiente nel distinguere le diverse condizione analizzate, supportando quindi sviluppi futuri per l’applicazione dei sensori inerziali per la valutazione oggettiva della coordinazione fine durante attività grafo-motorie.

Dans cette thèse, on étude le complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur un schéma au-dessus d'un trait en utilisant la théorie de ramification d'Abbes et Saito. La première partie est consacrée à une nouvelle preuve d'une formule de Deligne et Kato qui calcule la dimension du complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur une courbe relative lisse au-dessus d'un trait strictement local. Deligne a considéré le cas où le faisceau n'a pas de ramification verticale, et Kato a traité le cas général. Notre approche est basée sur une notion locale de cycle caractéristiquedéfinie grâce au conducteur de Swan raffiné d'Abbes et Saito. Dans la deuxième partie, on démontre une formule qui calcule le conducteur de Swan de la cohomologie du complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur une variété lisse au-dessus d'un trait d'égale caractéristique, vérifiant une certaine condition de ramification. Tsushima a introduit la classe caractéristique raffinée du faisceau et il a démontré qu'elle calcule le conducteur de Swan de la cohomologie du complexe de ses cycles proches par une formule du type Lefschetz-Verdier. On calcule la classe caractéristique raffinée comme un produit d'intersection sur le fibré cotangent logarithmique de la variété faisant apparaître le cycle caractéristique du faisceau défini par Abbes et Saito et la section nulle
In this thesis, we study the nearby cycle complex of an l-adic sheaf on a scheme over a trait, using ramification theory of Abbes and Saito. The first part is devoted to a new proof of a formula of Deligne and Kato that computes the dimension of the stalks of the nearby cycle complex of an l-adic sheaf on a smooth relative curve over a strictly local trait. Deligne considered the case where the sheaf has no vertical ramification and Kato extended the formula to the general case. Our approach is based on a local notion of characteristic cycle defined using the refined Swan conductor of Abbes and Saito. In the second part, we prove a formula that computes the Swan conductor of the cohomology of the nearby cycle complex of an l-adic sheaf on a smooth variety over a trait of equal characteristic, satisfying a certain ramification condition. Tsushima introduced the refined characteristic class of the sheaf and he proved that it computes the Swan conductor of the cohomology of its nearby cycle complex by a Lefschetz-Verdier type formula.We compute the refined characteristic class as an intersection product on the logarithmic cotangent bundle of the variety, involving the characteristic cycle of the sheaf defined by Abbes and Saito and the zero section

Mestrado em Toxicologia e Ecotoxicologia
Os diversos compartimentos naturais estão constantemente expostos a vários tipos de contaminantes, bem como a misturas destes compostos, oriundos da actividade humana. Em ecossistemas aquáticos, vários stressores podem actuar em conjunto e causar danos aos organismos. O aumento do uso de pesticidas para fins agrícolas causa demanda a avaliação do risco inerente que estes compostos representam ao atingir o ambiente aquático. A lixiviação dos pesticidas está geralmente associada com o transporte de matéria orgânica e consequente diminuição da concentração de oxigénio em sistemas aquáticos. Os metais pesados podem ser introduzidos no ambiente através da actividade humana, como a actividade mineira. Portanto, a poluição dos ecossistemas é geralmente caracterizada por uma mistura de compostos químicos, que na maioria das vezes, estão presentes em combinação com stressores naturais Neste estudo, três tipos de stressores químicos, dois insecticidas (imidacloprid e thiacloprid), um metal pesado, níquel, e um tipo de stressor natural, representado por diferentes níveis de alimento foram testados com o objectivo de avaliar o impacto de cada stressor em isolado, bem como as suas misturas e combinações para um organismo não-alvo, Daphnia magna, através da aplicação do modelos teóricos Adição de concentração (AC) e Acção independente (AI), bem como seus possíveis desvios para sinergismo (causando efeito mais severo) ou antagonismo (efeito menos severo), dependentes da dose aplicada, ou dependência do rácio entre as doses aplicadas para cada item da mistura e/ou combinação. Os efeitos crónicos dos compostos isolados bem como os das misturas foram obtidos pela exposição de Daphnia magna a uma gama de concentrações por 21 dias. Os parâmetros analisados foram a produção de juvenis e o crescimento. Os resultados das exposições isoladas de Daphnia magna aos compostos químicos mostraram decréscimo na produção de juvenis e no crescimento do organismo. O mesmo padrão foi observado quando os organismos foram expostos a níveis baixos de alimento, enquanto a níveis elevados, a produção de juvenis e o crescimento foram estimulados. Os resultados da exposição à mistura de imidacloprid e thiacloprid mostraram um desvio do modelo AC, com uma dependência das doses aplicadas, sendo observado sinergismo a doses baixas e antagonismo a doses altas de ambos os compostos. Para a mistura de imidacloprid e níquel, nenhum desvio foi obtido, e a mistura foi ajustada ao modelo AI. A resposta na produção de juvenis para a combinação de imidaclopid ou níquel com níveis baixos de alimento não demonstrou desvio do modelo de acção independente. Para a análise da combinação entre imidacloprid ou níquel com níveis altos de alimento não foi possível aplicar os modelos teóricos, e os efeitos tóxicos dos químicos para os organismos foram avaliados para cada nível de alimento maior que o controlo. Neste estudo, é demonstrado que o impacto dos compostos químicos encontrados no ambiente, em misturas ou em combinação com stressores naturais será diferente do impacto induzido por estes compostos em isolado. O presente estudo mostra a necessidade da avaliação dos efeitos das exposições a misturas de químicos e combinações com stressores naturais encontrados no ambiente, e não somente a avaliação dos compostos em isolado.
The environment is being constantly exposed to various types of contaminants as well as their mixtures mainly due to human activities. In aquatic ecosystems several stressors may act together and affect the life traits of organisms. The increasing use of pesticides for agricultural purposes will require the assessment of the inherent risk when they arrive in marine or freshwater ecosystems. Pesticide runoffs are usually associated with high inputs of organic matter and depletion of oxygen in aquatic systems. Heavy metals can be introduced into the environment due to human activities such as mining processes. Therefore, polluted ecosystems are characterized by an amalgam of chemical compounds, most of the times in combination with natural stressors. In this study, three different chemical stressors, two neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, a heavy metal, nickel and an environmental stressor, food level with low and high concentrations, were tested in order to assess the impact of their single toxic effects as well as their mixtures and combinations with a natural stressor on a non-target organism, Daphnia magna, with the use of theoretical models, Concentration Addition and Independent Action as well as possible deviations from them, like synergism, (causing a more severe effect) or antagonism (less severe effect), effects dependent from “dose level” (different deviations at high and low concentrations) or those dependent from “dose ratio” (deviations differ from mixture composition). Chronic effects of the single stressors as well as their combinations were assessed by exposing Daphnia magna to a range of concentrations for 21 days. The parameters analyzed were offspring production and body length of Daphnia magna. Results from single exposure of Daphnia magna to the chemical compounds showed a decrease in offspring production and in the body length of the organism. The same was observed when D. magna was exposed to low levels of food while in increased levels of food the offspring production and body length increased. Mixture exposure of imidacloprid and thiacloprid for offspring production showed a deviation from the CA model to dose level dependency indication synergism at low does level and antagonism at high does level of the chemicals. For the mixture of imidacloprid and nickel no deviation was obtained and the mixture fitted the IA model. Offspring production from the combinations of imidacloprid or nickel with low food levels showed no deviation from the IA model. For the combinations of imidacloprid or nickel with high food levels it was not possible to use the theoretical models and the toxic effects of the chemicals to the organism were assessed for each food level higher than the control. In this study, it is presented that the impact of chemicals found in the environment in mixtures between them or in combinations with environmental stressors will be different to the impact the single stressors induce. This study shows the need for evaluation of the exposure effects of mixtures of chemicals and combinations with natural stressors found on the environment and not only the single exposure effects.

The aim of this research programme was to investigate the effects of different music applications: The differentiated exposure of music and the synchronous application of music. In Study 1, participants completed a series of 10-km cycling time trials under four single-blinded conditions: No-music control, music 0-10 km (M1), music 0-5 km (M2), and music 5-10 km (M3). The largest performance gains were noticed under M1, followed by M3, when compared to control, while the most positive psychological response was observed only in M3. Study 2 further examined the notion of differentiated music exposure by incorporating both quantitative and qualitative modes of inquiry. In addition, participants were given foreknowledge of the experimental conditions. Although no performance gains were found across conditions, M3 significantly reduced perceived exertion and prevented affective decline. Qualitative findings suggest that prolonged exposure to music may have negative psychological and psychophysical consequences. The last study contrasted the effects of synchronous and asynchronous application of music in a 6-min submaximal cycling task. Synchronous music was more effective than asynchronous music in terms of reducing perceptions of exertion and increasing subjective arousal. Although no changes in oxygen uptake were found across conditions, auditory-motor synchronisation appeared to reduce heart rate. The contribution of this thesis is twofold. Firstly, the provision of music in the latter stages of a task appears to have significant psychological and psychophysical benefits when compared against constant music exposure. Secondly, more positive effects, in terms of perceived exertion and subjective arousal, are observed when music is applied synchronously compared to asynchronously; this suggests a need for a separate conceptual framework for the application of synchronous music.

Dans cette thèse, on étude le complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur un schéma au-dessus d'un trait en utilisant la théorie de ramification d'Abbes et Saito. La première partie est consacrée à une nouvelle preuve d'une formule de Deligne et Kato qui calcule la dimension du complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur une courbe relative lisse au-dessus d'un trait strictement local. Deligne a considéré le cas où le faisceau n'a pas de ramification verticale, et Kato a traité le cas général. Notre approche est basée sur une notion locale de cycle caractéristiquedéfinie grâce au conducteur de Swan raffiné d'Abbes et Saito. Dans la deuxième partie, on démontre une formule qui calcule le conducteur de Swan de la cohomologie du complexe des cycles proches d'un faisceau l-adique sur une variété lisse au-dessus d'un trait d'égale caractéristique, vérifiant une certaine condition de ramification. Tsushima a introduit la classe caractéristique raffinée du faisceau et il a démontré qu'elle calcule le conducteur de Swan de la cohomologie du complexe de ses cycles proches par une formule du type Lefschetz-Verdier. On calcule la classe caractéristique raffinée comme un produit d'intersection sur le fibré cotangent logarithmique de la variété faisant apparaître le cycle caractéristique du faisceau défini par Abbes et Saito et la section nulle.

This master thesis investigates and analyzes the energy use for traction and auxiliary equipment in passenger rail vehicles. It covers both the train service with passengers and when the trains are going through other stages in the everyday operation. The operational cycle and associated operational situations are introduced as a way of describing the varying use of a train over time. The descriptions focus on the most common activities and situations, such as stabling and parking, regular cleaning, inspections and maintenance. Also how these situations affect energy use by their need for different auxiliary systems to be active. An energy model is developed based on the operational cycle as a primary input, together with relevant vehicle parameters and climate conditions. The latter proving to be a major influence on the energy used by the auxiliary equipment. The model is applied in two case studies, on SJ's X55 and Västtrafik's X61 trains. Both are modern electric multiple units equipped with energy meters. Model input is gathered from available technical documentation, previous studies and by measurements and parameter estimations. Operational cycle input is collected through different planning systems and rolling stock rosters. Climate input is finally compiled from open meteorological data banks. The results of the case studies show that the method and models are useful for studying the energy used by the trains in their operational cycles. With the possibility to distinguish the energy used by the auxiliary equipment, both during and outside the time the trains are in service with passengers. With this it's also possible to further investigate and study potential energy saving measures for the auxiliary equipment. Simulations of new ventilation control functions and improved use of existing operating modes on the trains show that considerable energy savings could be achieved with potentially very small investments or changes to the trains. The results generally show the importance of a continued investigation of the auxiliary equipment's energy use, as well as how the different operational situations other than the train service affect the total energy use.
Detta examensarbete utreder och analyserar energianvändningen för passagerarjärnvägsfordons traktion- och hjälpkraftssystem, både under tågdriften med passagerare och andra delmoment som tågen genomgår under den normala dagliga driften. För detta introduceras driftcykeln och tillhörande driftsituationer som ett sätt att beskriva användningen av ett tåg över tiden. Syftet är att beskriva de vanligast förekommande aktiviteterna och situationerna, såsom uppställning och parkering, regelbundna inspektioner, klargörningar och underhåll. Även hur dessa situationer påverkar energianvändningen genom ett varierande behov av hjälpkraft och aktiva funktioner i tågen. En energimodell baserad på driftcykeln som huvudsaklig indata, tillsammans med tågets egenskaper samt det omgivande klimatet, tas fram. Klimatet visar sig vara en avgörande faktor i hjälpkraftens energianvändning. Modellen utvärderas i typstudier på SJs X55 och Västtrafiks X61. Båda är elektriska motorvagnståg utrustade med energimätare. Indata till modellen samlas in genom tillgänglig teknisk dokumentation, tidigare studier och genom mätningar samt parameterestimering. Driftcyklerna för tågtyperna sammanställs med hjälp av olika planeringssystem och omloppsplaner. Väder- och klimatdata samlas slutligen in från öppna databaser för metrologiska data. Resultaten från typstudierna visar att metoden och modellerna är användbara verktyg för att kunna beskriva tågens energianvändning i deras driftcykler. Med möjligheten att särskilja hjälpkraftssystemens energianvändning vid tågdriften med passagerare men även i de övriga situationerna. Med detta blir det också möjligt att undersöka potentiella energibesparingsåtgärder för hjälpkraftssystemen. Simulering av förbättrade styrfunktioner för ventilationen och förbättrat utnyttjade av redan inbygga energibesparande driftlägen på tågen visar att betydande energibesparingar kan fås med relativt små medel och få förändringar på fordonen. De sammantagna resultaten av arbetet visar på vikten av att fortsätta undersöka och utreda hjälpkraftens energianvändning samt hur driftsituationerna utanför tågdriften med passagerare påverkar den totala energianvändningen.

Progressing constraints on green house gas emissions lead to a sustainability trend,which greatly a↵ects the transport sector. Nowadays, companies show increasing interest indeveloping sustainable solutions.This thesis has been started thanks to a project given by Sj¨or¨addningss¨allskapet, themost relevant association that performs sea rescue operations in Swedish waters.Sj¨or¨addningss¨allskapet would like to explore the possibility of making their rescue boat fleetentirely carbon-free, hence more sustainable.What may provide a suitable solution is an electric drive train with hybrid energy storage,composed by a battery pack and a fuel cell stack. The research question is whether it wouldbe feasible to combine fuel cell stacks and battery packs to provide power to a fast smallboat.From a sketch of a rescue boat, the drive train design for such boat is studied in itsintegrity, from the water jet pump to the battery and fuel cell systems.The required power has been calculated empirically, using data from online tests on waterjet boats. Di↵erent tests have been considered, resulting in a mean power curve and a meanconsumption curve and allowing comparison between the hybrid electric drive train withan internal combustion engine drive train.Three profiles of speed, power and consumption have been assumed for the calculation ofthe required energy and hence rate the energy storage system. A design has been proposedin terms of fuel cell capacity and battery capacity.The propulsion unit, composed by the electric machine and water jet, has been studied,focusing on di↵erent electric drive technologies. Few conclusions on both the weight andsustainability requirements are discussed.A sustainability analysis is carried out in terms of CO2 emissions, through a life cycleassessment accounting for the environmental impact of the system during the whole lifecycle, from cradle to grave.
Ökande begränsningar för utsläpp av växthusgaser leder till en hållbarhetsutveckling, vilket påverkar transportsektorn kraftigt. Nuförtiden visar företag ett ökande intresse för att utveckla hållbara lösningar.‌Denna avhandling har startats tack vare ett projekt som ges av Sjöräddningssällskapet, den viktigaste föreningen som utför havsräddningsinsatser i svenska vatten.Sjöräddningssällskapet vill undersöka möjligheten att göra deras räddningsbåtflotta helt emissionfri, och därmed mer hållbar.Det som kan ge en lämplig lösning är ett elektriskt drivsystem med hybrid energilagring, sammansatt av ett batteripaket och en bränslecell-stapel. Forskningsfrågan är om det skulle vara möjligt att kombinera bränslecellstaplar och batteripaket för att driva en snabb liten båt.Från en skiss av en räddningsbåt studeras designen för en sådan båt i dess integritet, från vattenstrålpumpen till batteri och bränslecellsystem.Den erforderliga kraften har beräknats empiriskt med hjälp av data från onlinetest av vattenstrålbåtar. Olika tester har beaktats, vilket resulterar i en genomsnittlig e↵ektkurva och en genomsnittlig förbrukningskurva och möjliggör en jämförelse mellan det hybridelektriska drivsystemet med ett förbränningsmotordrivsystem.Tre profiler av hastighet, e↵ekt och förbrukning har antagits för beräkning av den erforderliga energin och därmed för energilagringssystemet. En design har föreslagits vad gäller bränslecellkapacitet och batterikapacitet.Framdrivningsenheten, sammansatt av den elektriska maskinen och vattenstrålen, har studerats med fokus på olika elektriska drivtekniker. Några slutsatser om både vikten och hållbarhetskraven diskuteras.En hållbarhetsanalys utförs med avseende på koldioxidutsläpp genom en livscykelbedömningsom redovisar systemets miljöpåverkan under hela livscykeln, från vagga till grav.

This master thesis represents a life cycle impact assessment of a state of the art electrically driven power train. It is expected to be installed in a diesel engine passenger ferry boat, currently transporting passengers in downtown Stockholm archipelago. The assessment has a comparative character in between the currently operating and the new power train in order to differentiate and recognize which of the two propulsion options is the environmentally preferable choice. The scope of the study is directed towards the thorough examination of both power trains so that it can represent most closely the two specific technological cases. Studied and assessed were the three main life cycle phases of each power train – raw materials acquisition and manufacturing, use phase and end of life phase. The fundament of the study involved creating environmental models for each and every component of the drive trains, the propulsion fuel and energy used, and the services related to waste treatment in the last phase of their functional life. The environmental models were later used to build live cycle inventories that served to derive the respectful impact from the item analyzed. The data used to model the battery electric power train was provided directly from the manufacturer, where the end of life procedures carried out were assumed where possible. The main battery pack for the electric power train was not modeled in terms of  end of life procedures due to insufficiency of information. Almost no generic information was available to model the diesel engine and it was calculated by creating auxiliary simplified cad models. The rest of the data required to achieve an environmental inventory regarding the power train was available from a subcontractor. Both studied options were modeled with allocation approach that includes the avoided production of materials at the waste treatment stage where there was sufficient information to do that. There was none to model the main battery packs avoided production which is a major component of the battery electric system. To model the use phase of the diesel engine power train, research data regarding combustion emissions and waterborne emissions was utilized. A number of electricity mix models were applied to create a sensitivity analysis of the operation phase of the battery electric power train. Chosen for baseline scenarios simulating the use phases of both power trains are use of Nordel market electricity mix and the combustion of low sulfur diesel with five volumetric percent rape methyl ester additive. For the purposes of the assessment eighteen midpoint impact indicators were used to cover the areas of global warming potential, human health and quality of eco systems. The results from the study show that the estimated impact from both power trains is small enough to have almost no influence on the results from the two baseline scenarios. Based on this it was concluded that for future research of similar cases either generic information can be used or a cut-off can be applied. After the assessment, more environmentally favorable was estimated the diesel engine power train because of the large burdens from the battery manufacturing in the battery electric option. Further assessment determined that the diesel engine power train again is less environmentally intensive than the battery electric with the main battery burdens excluded. In the overall life cycle impact assessment both power train showed different results in the different impact categories, which could not place a definitive propulsion option of choice. The conclusions from the analysis are that the diesel engine power train causes higher impact in the categories related to global warming, fossil depletion and in most ecosystems quality indicators. The battery electric version in its base line scenario, on the other hand, expresses higher impact in categories related to human health and in the remaining eco system quality midpoint-scores.

Software testing is widely considered to be one of the most important parts of software development life-cycle. In this research, we investigated potential improvements in the testing process and design of automated test scripts inside Bombardier Transportation. For the creation of automated test scripts BT is using a group of programs called TAF (Test Automation Framework). These scripts are used for testing Train Control Management System (TCMS), software that is used for managing the train. TAF can export its test scripts in XML format. XML scripts are analyzed in order to identify the most frequent changes. To better understand the life cycle of automated Test scripts official documentation that defines the Verification and Validation process inside BT was analyzed. Also, an interview was conducted with one of the responsible persons for testing. We believe that we have found a possible solution for improving testing process and creation of automated test scripts in BT, and to evaluate it proof of concept tool was developed. The main idea behind the tool is to write the test script using keywords which are based on analysis that was conducted on test specification documentation. These keywords represent frequent actions that are being tested on the train. By storing those actions in keywords re-usability of test script is being increased. Also, because they are based on naturally language, they are having positive effect on readability and maintenance of the test script.

It is known that some psychiatric disorders may deteriorate in relation to the menstrual cycle. However, in some conditions, such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), symptomatology is triggered mainly by the variations in ovarian steroid hormones. Although symptoms induced by fluctuations in ovarian steroids often are affective, little is known about how emotion processing in women is influenced by variations, or actual levels, of ovarian steroid hormones. The general aim of this thesis was to evaluate menstrual cycle effects on reactivity in emotion generating and controlling areas in the corticolimbic system to emotional stimulation and anticipation, in healthy controls and women with PMDD. A second aim was to evaluate corticolimbic reactivity during long-term administration of exogenous ovarian steroids. In study I, III and IV effects of the menstrual cycle on emotional reactivity in women with PMDD was studied. In study I, women with PMDD in displayed higher amygdala reactivity than healthy controls to emotional faces, not in the luteal phase as was hypothesised, but in the follicular phase. No difference between menstrual cycle phases was obtained in women with PMDD, while healthy controls had an increased reactivity in the luteal phase. The results of study I was further elaborated in study III, where women with PMDD were observed to have an increased anticipatory reactivity to negative emotional stimuli. However, no differences in amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli were obtained across the menstrual cycle. Finally, in study IV the hypothesis that amygdala reactivity increase in the luteal phase in women with PMDD is linked to social stimuli rather than generally arousing stimuli was suggested, tested and supported. In study II, re-exposure to COC induced mood symptoms de novo in women with a previous history of COC-induced adverse mood. Women treated with COC reported increased levels of mood symptoms both as compared to before treatment, and as compared to the placebo group. There was a relatively strong correlation between depressive scores before and during treatment. The effects of repeated COC administration on subjective measures and brain function were however dissociated with increased aversive experiences accompanied by reduced reactivity in the insular cortex.

Dans cette thèse, nous abordons tout d'abord le problème de reconnaissance de codes. Il consiste à retrouver la structure d'un code correcteur d'erreurs utilisé lors d'une transmission de données seulement à partir de la séquence bruitée interceptée. Nous donnons ici des méthodes efficaces pour la reconnaissance d'un code connu, pour la reconstruction de codes appartenant à une famille tels que les codes cycliques et pour la détection des paramètres de codes convolutifs. Ensuite, nous étudions la structure des codes quasi-cycliques parallèlement aux résultats connus pour les codes cycliques. Nous donnons une construction d'une sous-famille de codes quasi-cycliques annulés par un polynôme à coefficients matriciels. Cette construction permet de trouver des codes ayant de bonnes distances minimales. Finalement, nous nous intéressons aux permutations laissant invariante la quasi-cyclicité d'un code
In this thesis, we first deal with the problem of recognition of codes. It consists in recovering the structure of an error-correcting code used during a data transmission only from the noisy intercepted sequence. We give efficient methods for the recognition of a known code, for the reconstruction of codes belonging to a family like cyclic codes and for the detection of parameters of convolutional codes. Then, we study the structure of quasi-cyclic codes in parallel of the results known for cyclic codes. We give a construction of a sub-family of quasi-cyclic codes cancelled by a polynomial with matricial coefficients. Some of these codes reach large minimum distances. Finally, we deal with permutations keeping the quasi-cyclicity of a code

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil (área de especialização em Perfil de Planeamento e Infraestruturas de Transporte)
Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo o estudo dos trilhos no PNPG. Para tal recorreu-se a três métodos diferentes: ministração de questionários, aplicação de modelos de ciclos de vida e cruzamento de dados em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. Os resultados obtidos mediante os questionários mostram que grande parte dos pedestrianistas só pratica pedestrianismo no PNPG entre uma a cinco vezes por ano e, preferencialmente, na primavera. Em relação ao local, mostram clara preferência pelo Campo do Gerês e Serra do Gerês pelo que a envolvente onde se insere o trilho é o fator com mais peso na escolha do mesmo. Através da análise SIG, tendo sido utilizado o programa ArcMap 10.1, para intersetar várias cartas do POPNPG e a rede de trilhos de pequena e grande rota, concluiu-se que existe uma extensão significativa de trilhos que passam em zonas de proteção complementar, ou seja perto de áreas habitadas e em terrenos particulares. Em relação à erosão e ao risco de incêndio, estes tiveram resultados opostos, com um risco de erosão baixo e risco de incêndio elevado ou muito elevado numa grande extensão de trilhos. Relativamente à altimetria, os trilhos encontram-se essencialmente entre os 600 e os 1000 metros não existindo nenhum acima dos 1400 metros. Recorreu-se ao modelo de Butler e modelos subsequentes para estudo do ciclo de vida dos trilhos utilizando dois factores: custos associados à implementação, manutenção e divulgação; fluxos turísticos. Ficou verificado que os visitantes nacionais e internacionais, passaram por uma fase de estagnação e encontram-se em rejuvenescimento. Ambas as variáveis, apesar de aplicadas no modelo, não são fiáveis devido á forma de contabilização actual. Em relação aos investimentos, o valor apurado foi de cerca de 700 000 euros, aplicados num período de 16 anos evidenciando-se três picos. Neste campo, é de relevar a importância que as associações e municípios têm feito para a dinamização do pedestrianismo dentro do parque. Assim, concluímos que o PNPG é um parque apelativo para o pedestrianismo pois possui uma natureza inigualável e, uma grande variedade de trilhos e boas infraestruturas para o mesmo.
The purpose of this dissertation is to study the trails present in the PNPG. For that we used tree different methods, questionnaires, application of life cycle methods and crossing data from Geographic Information Systems. The results we got from the questionnaires show that most part of the pedestrians only visit the park one to five times a year, and preferably in spring. The users prefers locations as Campo do Gerês and Serra do Gerês, mostly because the surroundings of these trails. Trough GIS analyse, using ArcMap 10.1, to intersect different maps from POPNPG and the trail grind of the small and large , we noticed that there's a large part of the trails that go through complementary protected zones, near populated or private areas. Concerning the risk of fire and erosion we had opposite results, low risk of erosion and very hight risk of fire in many trails, especially those between 600 and 1000 meters. We used the Butler's method and later models to study the trail's life cycle, we took in consideration two factors: costs associated with the implementation, maintenance and dissemination and of tourist flows. We verified that national and international visitors went trough a stagnant phase but we could also see that they are now rejuvenating. Both variables, although applied in the model, are not reliable since that the counting methods were not secure. The investments made were arround the 700 000 euros, applied in a 16 year period, showing three peaks. The importance of associations and counties that contributed to the trail's promotion it's revealing. There for we conclude that the PNPG it's an appealing park for pedestrian activity for its natural beauty and great variety and quality of trails.

This diploma work concentrates on carrying out an analysis of transport services in the region of Trhové Sviny. The aim of the work was to carry out an exhaustive evaluation of transport services in administrative district of municipality with extended competence Trhové Sviny on the basis of situational analysis, analysis of transport service and terrain investigation. The emphasis was put above all on the evaluation of transport services usable for tourism and conditions for cycling and hiking. On the basis of the results of the analysis of transport services and terrain investigation, it came to suggesting measures to make the region more attractive. In the work, two hypothesis were set the result of which is based on the made analyses. It resulted from the work that the most common way of transport in the region is road transport, especially by car and by bus. The region is sought for cycling and hiking as well. The main shortcoming of the region is seen in the level of roads which are even dangerous here and there. It could also come to improvement of the level of stops of regular bus service. Another suggestion is to increase connections transporting bicycles by one work day in the season. At the end of the work, a project concentrating on cycle nature trails was created. The project results from the knowledge gained from the foregoing analyses and investigation. This project takes into consideration natural, technical and historical attractions of the region.

This graduation theses describes walk, cyclist, ski-ing and waterman{\crq}s tourist roads and educational trails in the Novohradské Mountains, its highlands and in part of the Třeboňská basin {--} in the territory demarked by tourist map {\clqq}Novohradské Mountains``, from edition Club of czech tourists, in ratio scale 1:50 000. Particular roads are described in text and in general tables, whereby is possible easy reproach the character of mentioned tourist roads. Methodology of work, which was taken over from D. Bobrová (2002) and description of particular tourist roads, is a substantial part of graduation theses. Introductory chapters specify the respective area from physical-geographic and social-geographic point of view. The appendix is formed by gazetteer, which processed D. Bobrová (2002) and by graphic part, formed by photographies.

Problématique : Les prématurés évoluent dans l’unité néonatale qui présente une intensité lumineuse parfois forte et variable, ce qui a pour effet de provoquer une instabilité physiologique, ainsi qu’une augmentation du niveau d’activité motrice chez ces derniers. Par ailleurs, le contrôle de l’éclairage à l’unité néonatale favorise la stabilité physiologique et réduit le niveau d’activité motrice des prématurés. Deux méthodes de contrôle de l’éclairage ont été étudiées, soit l’éclairage tamisé constant et l’éclairage cyclique. Or, la méthode de contrôle de l’éclairage la plus appropriée au système nerveux immature des prématurés est inconnue et il y a ambivalence en ce qui concerne les résultats des études ayant évalué ces deux modes de contrôle de l’éclairage. But : Le but de cette étude était de mesurer les effets de l’éclairage cyclique versus l’éclairage tamisé constant sur la stabilité physiologique et le niveau d’activité motrice de prématurés nés entre 28 et 32 semaines d’âge gestationnel. Méthode : Un essai clinique randomisé a été réalisé. Les 38 prématurés recrutés dans une unité néonatale de niveaux II et III d’un hôpital universitaire, ont été randomisés dans l’un des deux groupes d’intervention, soit le groupe exposé à l’éclairage tamisé constant ou celui exposé à l’éclairage cyclique. Ces deux types d’éclairage ont été appliqués pendant 24 heures. La stabilité physiologique a été mesurée par le score Stability of the Cardio Respiratory System in Premature Infants (SCRIP) et le niveau d’activité motrice a été mesuré avec un accéléromètre (Actiwatch®). L’intensité lumineuse à laquelle les prématurés ont été exposés a été mesurée de façon continue à l’intérieur de l’incubateur à l’aide d’un photomètre. Résultats : L’analyse des données révèle qu’il n’y aucune différence significative entre les deux groupes d’intervention en ce qui a trait à la stabilité physiologique (valeur-p du score SCRIP de 0,54 à 0,96) et au niveau d’activité motrice (valeur-p de 0,09 à 0,88). Les participants des deux groupes ont manifesté une stabilité physiologique et un niveau d’activité motrice comparables. Conclusion : Des interventions de contrôle de l’éclairage doivent être adoptées à l’unité néonatale, que ce soit des interventions qui permettent la mise en œuvre de l’éclairage cyclique ou de l’éclairage tamisé constant, dans le but de favoriser l’adaptation du prématuré à l’environnement de l’unité néonatale. Des recherches additionnelles sont requises afin d’identifier la méthode de contrôle de l’éclairage (éclairage cyclique ou éclairage tamisé constant) qui doit être implantée à l’unité néonatale.
Problem statement: After birth, preterm infants evolve in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) characterized by a high and variable lighting which differs significantly from the dimmed intra-uterine environment. Exposure to high or variable NICU lighting can create physiological instability in preterm infants as well as increasing their motor activity level. An appropriate control of the NICU lighting can prevent the adverse effects of exposing infants to inadequate levels of lighting. To date, it appears that two methods of lighting control have been discussed and studied: near dark lighting and cycled lighting. At the same time, it is acknowledged that there is ambiguity about the results of studies which have evaluated these two NICU lighting methods. Therefore, the optimal NICU lighting remains unknown and further research is needed to identify the lighting mode witch promote preterm infant’s adaptation to the NICU environment. Purpose: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of cycled lighting versus near dark lighting on the physiological stability and motor activity level of preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) allowed the assessment of preterm infants' physiological stability and motor activity level. 38 preterm infants born between 28 to 32 weeks of gestational age were recruited from a level II and III NICU university affiliated hospital. Each infant were randomly allocated to one of the following groups for 24 hours: cycled lighting or near dark lighting. Physiological stability was assessed by the SCRIP score, while the motor activity level was evaluated by an accelerometer (Actiwatch®). The light intensity level was continuously measured with a light meter to ensure that the lighting mode assigned was respected. Results: The analysis conducted indicates no significant difference between the two intervention groups in regard to physiological stability (score SCRIP = p-value 0.54 to 0.96) and the motor activity level (p- value 0.09 to 0.88). This lack of significant difference between the two groups indicates that the participants in the two groups demonstrated a comparable physiological stability state and a comparable level of motor activity when exposed to near dark lighting or cycled lighting. Conclusion: Guidelines to decrease bright light, either near dark or cycled light should be adopted in NICUs to control preterm infant’s’ exposure to light. Further research is required to identify the method of lighting control (cycled lighting or near dark lighting) which should be implanted in the neonatal unit.

Project analyses sports and recreational services of Tourism area of Novohradske mountains and Novohradske foothills and completly characterize potencial of this part Tourism in the location, through some analysis. Concretely is here used situational analysis, STEP analysis, destination demand analysis and analysis of competitive advantage. Than it was estabilished analysis of sports and recreational Tourism services (and the others supplementary services). The point of project was proposition of product portfolio and marketing mix of destination which was coming out of these analasys and field survey (form of questionnaire). It was putting the accent on frame of view on progression and propagation of destination. Through hypotheses were solved classification of sports and recreational Tourism services and traffic or tourist notation seen tourists eyes. At the end was prepared the project of the theme "Cycle nature trail".

This study centres on curriculum development for a master craftsman level in the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries which is didactically sound and takes cognisance of the dynamic vocational education and training milieu in which it occurs. Curriculum and curriculum development is viewed from a systems perspective and incorporates the specific andragogic didactic needs of the learner target group as well as the unique needs of an industrial sector. Because the National Qualification Framework model advocates an outcomes-based approach to curriculum development this necessitated the identification of a suitable standards generating process to articulate the master craftsman unit standards into a qualification capable of being recognised by the National Qualification Framework. The nature and complexity of the underpinning knowledge, skills and competencies for the master craftsman level were quantified and qualified by means of skills and competency profiling and the development of a job outcome taxonomy of skills, knowledge and attributes which incorporated critical cross field and fundamental skills, and their underpinning knowledge requirements. Using aspects ofvarious vocational education and training models and empirical research course content was sourced, evaluated and developed into appropriate modules of learning that are congruent with the accepted competency based modular training system used in the Industries. Course maps that integrate theory and practice were developed with multi skilling milestones linked to learner certification. Evaluation of resources for the delivery of the Master Craftsman Programme was facilitated by means of a provider quality assessment and accreditation system. The interactive teaching-learning situation and the evaluation processes and procedures were developed to enhance the assessment of applied competencies in the world of work. A pilot study and unit standards generating activities are to be used as a means of implementing and institutionalising the master craftsman curriculum. The findings of this study revealed that by viewing the curriculum from a systems perspective and using a suitable curriculum development model a creative master craftsman curriculum development process could take place. The competency profiling technique and taxonomy of competencies, skills, knowledge and attributes enabled the curriculum process to be a top-down approach which is outcomes-based.
Didactics
D.Ed. (Didactics)