Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cycles économiques – Aspect politique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cycles économiques – Aspect politique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Albis, Hippolyte d'. "De la population dans la dynamique de l'économie." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010038.
Full textKuhry, Yves. "Concurrence imparfaite et fluctuations de l'activité économique : aspects théoriques et empiriques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/KUHRY_Yves_2005.pdf.
Full textThis thesis seeks to show how taking into account the existence of market imperfections can contribute to the explanation of economic fluctuations. The first chapter consists in a survey of existing literature. Rather than a thorough description of the past literature, this chapter develops a single model, the structure of which is borrowed to Woodford (1986). In this framework, the most important results are obtained as special cases. The second chapter uses the same kind of modelization and examines the effects of introducing market imperfections. It is shown that the existence of imperfectly competitive markets is a plausible source of endogenous fluctuations through the variations of the number of firms and their relations to the profits opportunities. The dynamical analysis carried out in the model of the second chapter is a local one, meaning that it is restricted to the vicinity of steady states. Indeed, a global analysis can seldom be performed in an analytical way and generally necessitates numerical computations. The third chapter aims to develop a software that eases the global study of nonlinear dynamical systems, in particular those which can not be expressed in an explicit manner. At last, the final chapter provides a contribution to the empirical analysis of economic fluctuations. It aims to show, using US agregate data, that observed markups are countercyclical. This countercyclicality, which corresponds to a well-known theoretical fact, is indeed a necessary condition if one wishes to put forward market imperfections as an explanation of economic cycles. A spectral analysis is conducted that gives strong support the the countercyclicality of markups in the us economy and hence motivates further researches about the dynamical aspects of imperfect competition
Israel, Elie. "Analysis of Monetary Policy Cycles and Economic Elites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILA023.
Full textThis thesis is structured around two main independent themes, each articulated in twoseparate chapters. The first focuses on the economics of elites, with particular attentionto the mechanisms of elite rotation in international organizations and national politicalsystems.The first chapter focuses on the International Monetary Fund International MonetaryFund (IMF), examining the determinants of Executive Board turnover between 2009 and2021. The analysis shows that economic crises, particularly debt crises, have a significantimpact on the tenure of these elites, highlighting the importance of external factors ontheir stability, alongside implicated factors such as professional experience or education.This approach provides a better understanding of the systemic pressures faced by thesetechnocratic elites in crisis environments.The second chapter deals with political elites, with a focus on women's access topower in modern democracies. We have applied a rigorous quantitative methodologybased on an unpublished database of heads of state from 1950 to 2015. The resultsreveal that economic and political crises play a key role in women's accession to power,confirming the existence of the “glass cliff” phenomenon, where women are more oftenappointed in high-risk contexts. This in-depth analysis contributes to the literature ongender and political leadership, highlighting the specific challenges women face in systemsdominated by male structures.The second theme of this thesis focuses on political-economic cycles.The third chapter examines the specific dynamics of cycles in Haiti, a country besetby economic and political instability. The study shows that elections in Haiti are oftenassociated with considerable economic manipulation, exacerbated by a fragile institutionalvenvironment dominated by clientelistic practices. Data analysis shows that money supplyfluctuations and inflation episodes are directly correlated with election periods, illustratingthe failings of the country's fiscal and monetary regulation mechanisms.The fourth chapter focuses on the United Kingdom, analyzing the politico-monetarycycles prior to the Bank of England's independence in 1997. The study reveals thatpre-election manipulation of monetary policy was commonplace, especially under Liberalgovernments. This analysis demonstrates the importance of institutional reforms instabilizing economic cycles, and underlines the need for independent management ofmonetary instruments to guarantee long-term stability.This thesis makes major contributions to the study of elite rotation and political-economiccycles, while opening up promising avenues of research
Domin, Jean-Paul. "Les dépenses hospitalières entre 1803 et 1993 : dynamique hospitalière et cycles longs." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010056.
Full textThe hospital system is tightly linked to the economic system. To relate both entities over this long period of time allows a setter apprehension of the current characteristics and stakes I and of the difficulties met by the system of taking charge of the diseased the hospital system was developed through a succession of stages. Each period has its own economic organisation, a disposition of social protection and health system. Those three points are deeply imbricated, achieving a resulation process. From 1603 to 1690, while france was getting industrialised, the social system was built around individual contingency fund. The medical care system is divided into a commercial sphere (doctors, healthofficers) and a non-commercial sphere (the hospital), offering assistances the destitute only. From 1895 to 1945, the capitalist system concentrated and labour rarefied. A collective disposition for social protection started to develop and the hospital system slowly opened t0 the whole population from 1945 on, the economic growth and the social security accelerated the rise of the hospital today's crisis questions this growth. The analysis calls for the hospitals quantitative history (volume I) and is founded on the l0ng-term construction of m0netary and non-monetary series. These series show evidence of long term cyclic fluctuations contrary to kondratieff's movements. During the crisis periods, called phase B, hospital expenses raise. This particularity underlines the contercyclique regulator charactere of the hospital. Since 1945, this tendency has been absent, therefore, the hospital system had to participate to the economic growth but, the crisis urges transformations and favours the emergence of new experiments regardind hospital organisation
Diebolt, Claude. "L'évolution de longue période du système éducatif allemand." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON10002.
Full textBoly, Mohamed. "Essays on foreign aid, political cycles and environmental degradation." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD014.
Full textThe observed effects of climate change over the last decades highlight the urgency of mobilizing enough resources to slow it down and mitigate its effects. In the case of developing countries, some suggest that development aid has an important role to play. However, the political ambitions of decision-makers should not be in competition with environmental ones. This thesis examines the existing links between foreign aid, political cycles and environmental degradation, through three empirical chapters. Chapter 2 studies the link between foreign aid and CO2 mitigation in 112 developing countries. It shows that the effect of aid depends on the donor, with multilateral aid more likely to reduce pollution than bilateral aid for which there is no effect. Nevertheless, a bilateral aid specifically targeted toward environment contributes to decrease the level of pollution. This later impact is non-linear, a pollution-reducing effect is only observed for important amounts of environmental bilateral aid. Chapter 3 studies the factors associated with environmental bilateral aid to recipient countries over the 1990-2013 period. The objective is to assess whether the environmental bilateral aid is motivated by non-environmental factors such as donors’ economic and political interests. Three kind of variables that might influence environmental aid allocation are examined: the environmental and non-environmental needs and merits of recipient countries, and the economic and political interests of donors. Environmental needs and merits variables include vulnerability to extreme climate events and the stringency of climate policy. The results show that while vulnerability to climate change seems to be a key determinant of environmental aid, its allocation is poorly linked to recipients’ climate mitigation policies. It finds weak evidence of association between donors’ interest variables and environmental aid on average. However, an heterogeneity analysis allows to go deeper into all the relations above, and unveils that some donors are more sensitive to environmental variables, while others rather seem focused on their economic and political interests. Chapter 4 explores how elections impact climate change policy and environmental degradation, using a sample of 76 democratic countries from 1990 to 2014. The findings indicate election years are characterized by an increase in CO2 emissions, even though the effect weakens over the recent years. It also reveals that this effect is present only in established democracies, where incumbents engage in fiscal manipulation through the composition of public spending rather than its level. Higher freedom of the press and high environmental preferences from citizens reduce the size of this “political pollution cycle”
Gadani, Giulia. "Désastres, politique et économie : l'interaction entre les cyclones tropicaux, les opinions politiques et la croissance économique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0030.
Full textThis dissertation aims at closing important research gaps in the study of (i) the effect of tropical cyclones on subnational economic growth; (ii) the linkage between tropical cyclones and political polarization; and (iii) the relation between climate change news and individuals' opinions. First, tropical cyclones cause substantial damage and harm, and the proportion of the most intense storms is projected to increase under future warming. Previous analyses are limited to specific regions, country levels, or single tropical cyclone hazards, mainly wind speed. Chapter 1 assesses the compound effect of all three main tropical cyclone hazards—wind speed, storm surge, and rainfall—on subnational macroeconomic growth globally. To this end, we combine spatially modeled tropical cyclone intensity data with economic growth data from 1,642 subnational regions for the years 1980-2020. We find that while wind speed induces the largest macroeconomic losses, accounting for the other two hazards is important. Storm surges cause further losses, whereas the effect of rainfall is beneficial up to a certain rainfall amount. Second, previous literature has examined the impact of extreme events on political preferences, highlighting a positive shift towards environmental and Democratic positions. However, it has not addressed the potential polarizing effect on public opinion. Chapter 2 investigates the relation between tropical cyclones and political polarization in the United States, offering new insights into this topic. To do so, we use the Cooperative Election Study database for political ideology and scientific maximum wind-speed modeled data for measuring storm damage over the 2010-2018 period. We find that extremely damaging tropical cyclones are associated with increased political polarization within the population. Specifically, Democrats exhibit an increase in liberal opinions, while Republicans shift towards more conservative views. Third, existing literature has shown that climate change news positively influences the acceptance of climate change. However, there has been no examination of whether climate change news contributes to greater stability in opinions, taking into account both acceptance and denial of climate change. Chapter 3 addresses an unexplored avenue by focusing on whether climate change news reinforces adherence to the individual's opinion and discards opposing perspectives about the existence of climate change among U.S. residents. I use individuals' historical survey data on over 9,000 individuals collected during the even years of the 2010-2014 period and find that greater exposure to climate news increases the probability of having (i) stable climate change acceptance among Democrats; (ii) stable climate change denial among Republicans; (iii) unstable climate change denial among Democrats; and (iv) unstable climate change acceptance among Republicans
Ado, Issa. "Fondements de la théorie du cycle en état d'équilibre, problèmes économétriques et de politique économique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX32012.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to explore the way according to which the business cycles are equilibrium phenomena. The tasks of the theory of the economic fluctuations with market clearing are to interpret the economic dynamics in terms of motivations and constraints of rational agents, and to predict the effects of hypothetic governmental interventions. In this prospect the research program is first directed towards the factors capable of altering the allocative power of prices, the monetary policy, which affects absolute prices, is accused of inclucing agents to be confused between absolute and relative variations of prices. However, no evidence has been documented that monetary shocks could produce the observed facts and the program has shifted towards the analysis of real business cycle (rbc) models. When information is heterogeneous, even when all specific (monetary and real) shocks and market equilibrium prices are perfectly known by each agent, it can be shown that decisions are non optimal, and errors correlated accross agents. The general problem of the interpretation of the correlations of economic time series and the conduct of economic policy is set up as a critique of the state of the econometric art. The models of the business cycles are advantageous because they help to answer many logical questions, but their hypothesis are sometimes ad-hoc
Raybaut, Alain. "Cycles et instabilité : traditions et renouveau dans la théorie des fluctuations économiques." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0002.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to investigate the analysis of persitent instability in modern macrodynamic theory. It rests on a preliminary history of economic thought survey of the early twentieth century's business cycles theories to which recent theoritical revival on the topic refers. On this bais a particular examination of the mainly recent compone nts of this revival is done. Two great approaches are thus distinguished. The first one rests on the self-adjustment properties of market economies. It aims, as monetary or real equilibrium theory. The dynamic is then understood as representative agents' intertemporal choices in response to monetary or real exogenous shocks. The second one, which mainly retains our attention in this thesis, promotes an endogenous notion of macro-economic instability. On this point of view, dynamic method consits of a description with non linear processes of non uniform and out of equilibrium evolution of an economy
NISIMA, CALMEL WILLIAM DAVID. "Monnaie, finance et fluctuations macro-économiques : linéarité et non linéarité." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100020.
Full textDevolder, Daniel. "Cycles démographiques et cycles économiques de longue période dans les pays occidentaux : 15e-20e siècle." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0019.
Full textIn search of long demographic-economic cycles by way of an analysis of demographic fluctuations and a synthesis of the works of historians and economists on economic fluctuations. We study two kind of cycles. First a thirty years fluctuation in West European birth time series for the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. We argue that their causes was the late age at marriage of women and, more fundamentally, a change in the agrarian structure of those societies. Second, we study a fifty years fluctuation in fertility time series of post industrial revolution societies which occurred in a striking parallelism with the Kondratieff economic cycle
Grangeas, Geneviève. "Croissance, cycles longs et répartition." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010021.
Full textBeaubrun-Diant, Kevin Elie. "Rentabilité des actifs et fluctuations économiques." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100073.
Full textMonfort, Brieuc. "Essais sur les politiques économiques." Paris, EHESS, 2016. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01273997.
Full textThe main theme of the Ph. D. Dissertation focuses on macroeconomic policies. Conducting a "good economic policy" implies to understand the cyclical position of the economy and consequently the need and objectives of public policy actions; to have a reliable estimate of the impact of instruments; and to rely on a consistent theoretical framework to assess the desired positive effects but also negative impacts that can be caused by these policies. The various articles or book chapters presented attempt to discuss economic policy decisions on a wide range of applications. The diversity of the issues addressed - macroeconomic framework, fiscal policy, monetary policy, international economic relations - reflects in part the variety of my career as an economist with the French Ministry of Finance (INSEE and French Treasury) in Paris and in Tokyo or as economist at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in Washington. This Ph. D. Dissertation includes fifteen articles written between 2000 and 2015. Half of the articles presented here were published in referee journals or as book chapters, the other half has the status of working papers or mimeographs. With two exceptions, all the articles were presented at conferences or seminars
van, den Hauwe Ludwig. "Foundations of business cycle research." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090012.
Full textThe dissertation contains a critical examination of different conceptualizations of cyclical phenomena in the macro-economy ; it provides an in-depth exploration of the classical, monetary approach, also know as the Austrian theory of the business cycle, which regained academic respectability recently. The author adds a comparative institutional dimension by comparing different institutional contexts, in particular with respect to the tendencies they may manifest towards economic instability, intertemporal discoordination etc. The thesis further contains : a critical examination of the arguments for and against fractional reserve free banking ; a critical comment about a recent attempt to incorporate notions drawn from the contemporary theory of the behavior towards risk in a theory of the business cycle. Particular attention is also given to methodological questions, such as : the legitimacy of the use of numerical probability concepts ; the quest for adequate micro-foundations for a theory of the business cycle
Jacquinot, Philippe. "La courbe des taux d'intérêt, révélateur prévisionnel des cycles économiques." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020051.
Full textData useful for forecasting growth and inflation can lie at the heart of the yield curve. The purpose of this research is to identify its characteristics, origins and conditions for existence, and to assess its usefulness as an economic forecasting tool. This study covers the american, german, french and u. K. Economies from 1970 until 1994. The theoretical context chosen is an economy affected by a variety of shocks (inflation, changes in preferences of the monetary authorities, productivity, consumption and investment). These initiate closely-related cycles affecting the yield curve, output and prices. Within this framework, attention focuses on the factors of monetary policy, as well as the latter's effects (traditional channel and credit channel). The approach followed is successively deductive, from theoretical principles to statistical data, and inductive. The specific theory of intertemporal income smoothing is assessed separetely. The data for forecasting purposes are extracted using vector error correction models (vecms). The resulting performance are compared with those of the oecd, thus showing the attraction, in economic forecasting terms, of applying this model -the specifications of which we have striven to optimise- to the data recorded in the yield curve
Ben, Slimane Sarra. "Les sources exogènes des fluctuations économiques dans les pays en développement : la Région MENA et la Tunisie." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0025.
Full textThe ambition of this research work is to analyze, in a comprehensive way, the short and medium term economic fluctuations in the developing countries of the MENA region. We will first analyze the cyclic likeness between the different MENA countries; in this sense, we will be mostly interested in the shape of the circumstantial cycle, notably in terms of length and size of the phases, through the configuration of an algorithm of identification. Thereafter we will try to clarify the sources of the economic fluctuations in the context of general equilibrium dynamic and stochastic model which applies to the case of Tunisia in order to reproduce the cyclic features of the economy in which the external shocks are assimilated to a mechanism of amplification of the sources of the economic fluctuations. Tunisia is at the same time a partner in the MENA region and undergoes symmetrical shocks in the region and the rest of the world. The Tunisian economy faces three different stochastic shocks: two external shocks of energy price and the world interest rate, and an internal shock of global productivity of the factors. We will finally approach the issue of the importance of the contributions of the external and internal shocks as explanatory elements of the short and medium term fluctuations in a developing country like Tunisia. We will introduce a structural VAR model to validate the theoretical (DSEG) one. Then, we will proceed to make a comparative analysis of the sources behind the internal and external fluctuations in the MENA region through an in panel VAR
Waléry, Serge. "Contrôle du temps et organisation des activités économiques : essai d'analyse de mouvements économiques de longue durée." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090014.
Full textStudy and formalization of long-period movements of human activities temporal organization and economic activities rythm, control process : elements for an application to economic activities rythm contemporary movements interpretation, from a long period point of view
Boissay, Frédéric. "Financement externe des entreprises et fluctuations macro-économiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010068.
Full textGilles, Philippe. "A propos de la dynamique du capitalisme : interrogations critiques sur la pertinence de "la crise" comme élément d'interprétation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX24003.
Full textAfter an epistemological and philological reflexion, which lead us towards the definition of a "meta-concept" of crisis, we try to delimit genesis of crisis concept in political economy. Dynamics among worldly classical economists (Say, Ricardo, Malthus, Sismondi) are successively studied and will lead us from the logic of the accumulation process to the question of equilibrium, effective demand and crisis; and Marx's problematic in which crisis is considered as structural processes, inherent to capitalist society. On this basis, we apprehend dynamics of capitalism (F. Braudel) according to P. Dockes and B. Rosier's analysis about productive order-mutation crisis-regulation crisis in connection with a reinterpretation of the long waves rhythms theory (Kondratiev). Through the concept of productive order appears the necessity for capitalism to have a coherent social global order so that the production of economic surplus and capital accumulation should appear during the phase A of the long expansion. Regulation crisis look like necessary moments for regulation capitalism ; in other words, they represent the turnpoint, when the regulation of the system is effected. Mutation crisis and long depressions (phase B) are defined as special scansions of capitalism among transformations which can be justified provide that any mechanism and any resorting to "cyclicite" are rejected. . .
Paolucci, Frank. "La Monnaie face à des chocs d'offre." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0063.
Full textThe Thesis is related to the recent discussion about the efficiency of Central Bank's policy on investment decisions. Our aim is not to define the optimal policy, when the economic system is near from equilibrium (Part 1), but rather to understand the interactions between the monetary policy and the transition phases of capital accumulation processes (Part 2). Therefore, we propose to implement a Smooth Transition Regression Model to take account of structural changes in capital stock. The countries we consider are the USA, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands (Part 3). We conclude that the Central Bank have an impact upon the transition phases of investment decisions, by affecting firms liquidity constraints. Thanks to our econometric study, we confirm the policy changes of the Federal Reserve Bank occurring in the early eighties, and also that the objective of price stability is not necessarily the right target for monetary policy making
Aloy, Marcel. "Politique monétaire et cycles conjoncturels : examen théorique et application au cas français." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24005.
Full textThis study attempt to measure the relative importance of monetary policy in generating real economic fluctuations, in the French case during 1970-1991. It provides on overview of monetary theories of business cycles. A theoretical model designed to describe interactions between monetary aggregates, interest rates, and economic activity is then constructed. Finally, a related dynamic econometric model is estimated on French data
Bassil, Charbel. "Politique monétaire et changement structurel aux Etats-Unis." Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/2010CERG0486.pdf.
Full textThis thesis summarizes first the econometric theory of unit root tests whether it allows or not one or multiple structural breaks. These tests are then applied to a set of U. S. Macroeconomic series. Then we extend the analysis to the multivariate model, such as a VAR, to examine the stability of the propagation mechanisms of a contractionary monetary shock. Thus, we will consider the possibility of multiple breaks at unknown dates. The relevance of this extension will be considered in light of the analysis of U. S. Monetary policy since the early sixties. Initially, we consider two structural models, in which we identify a Taylor rule. In the first model we use the output gap, the federal funds rate and the current inflation rate as endogenous variables. In the second model we use the output gap, the federal funds rate and the expected inflation rate as endogenous variables. This should firstly help to assess the effects of monetary policy change on the output gap and the two U. S. Inflation rates, and secondly to compare the effectiveness of the American monetary policy between different periods. In a second step, we consider the same models but this time we assume three shocks estimated simultaneously, a demand shock, a supply shock and a monetary shock. This should help us to identify the sources of fluctuations in the variables in interest
Godement, François. "Aspect du développement économique et politique de la Chine contemporaine." Paris, INALCO, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INAL0014.
Full textDromel, Nicolas L. "Essais sur la taxation et la stabilisation macroéconomique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24018.
Full textThe general topic of this work is the stabilizing influence of appropriate fiscal policies on the economy’s dynamics. In this thesis, stabilization policies are understood as a means to lower or rule out the likelihood of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. The first chapter examines, in a real economy, the stabilizing properties of linearly progressive income taxes, resembling the tax codes with brackets that prevail in many developed countries. The second chapter highlights the fact that the stabilizing (counter-cyclical) influence of income tax progressivity is weakened with the introduction of a realistic fiscal scheme allowing firms to deduct maintenance and repair expenditures when calculating pre-tax profits. The third chapter studies the impact of income taxation in a monetary economy with heterogeneous agents. The analysis confirms the idea that fiscal progressivity lowers the probability of endogenous fluctuations in the economy. However, in such a monetary frame, in contrast with the real economies pictured in the first two chapters, it is shown that even high levels of tax progressivity can not completely rule out the occurrence of endogenous fluctuations. Eventually, the last chapter investigates how fiscal policy can affect aggregate volatility and growth in credit constrained economies. In an endogenous growth model combining capital market frictions with unequal access to investment opportunities across individuals, it is shown that an appropriate fiscal policy, even linear, consisting of taxing labour income and organizing transfers towards innovating investments, is able to remedy the shortage of funding for these investments during slumps, stabilize the economy’s dynamics and place it on a sustained permanent growth path
Bach, Laurent. "L' évaluation des effets économiques des programmes spatiaux : fondements des méthodologies et perspectives dynamiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1EC10.
Full textPintus, Patrick. "Indetermination et fluctuations conduites par les anticipations dans les modeles agreges d'equilibre economique general." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0095.
Full textThe main purpose of the research is to study the possibility of expectations driven fluctua, tions in general equilibrium dynamic models, when preferences, technology, and endowments are stationary. The plausibility of these fluctuations, in particular with respect to values of fundamental economic parameters whose estimates are provided by empirical studies, is also assessed. Simple geometrical methods for deriving easily the occurence of local indeterminacy and bifurcations are applied to a model with heterogeneous infinitely-lived agents as well as to the overlapping generations model, in the context of perfect or imperfect competition, of constant or increasing returns to scale, and of constant or variable factor utilisation. On the one hand, endogenous fluctuations occur only when factors are complementary enough while utilisation is not too elastic, when returns are constant. In particular, these fluctuations are not compatible with capital-labor substitution elasticities larger than the capital share in total income (chapters 2 and 3). It turns out in chapter 4, however, that this is not true any longer in the presence of productive externalities or internal increasing returns: fluctations do occur, in this context, for arbitrarily high elasticities of factor substitution. Finally, chapter 5 investigates the influence of various policy regimes and shows that predeterminate policies enlarges the set of parameter values which are compatible with endogenous fluctuations. A contrario, there exist policies with feedback that may rule out, at least partly, fluctuations, but these policies require restrictive assumptions on the information held by policy makers
Chancellier, Eric. "La modélisation du cycle économique : formes, usages, instruments (1887-1950)." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0051.
Full textAbbas, Abbas. "Les aspects juridiques, politiques et économiques du transfert de technologie." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON1A001.
Full textChéron, Arnaud. "La dynamique du marché du travail dans les modèles d'équilibre général intemporels stochastiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010050.
Full textGiovannoni, Olivier. "Croissance, répartition et politique économique : Théorie et application au cas des Etats-Unis." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0021.
Full textThe present Ph. D. Dissertation in economics presents and analyzes the theoretical and empirical relationships between growth, functional income distribution and economic policies. This research is divided in three parts discussing in turn economic theories, statistical tools and the results of those tools. The first chapter presents and analyzes the neoclassical and heterodox theories of growth and distribution and proposes a summing up in terms of (non)ergodicity. The second chapter presents the different available measures of income distribution and introduces several econometric models and their critique. The third chapter presents the results of two error-correction models for some key American macroeconomic variables. We distinguish between trends and cycles and show that the cyclical component of American government spending is identical to the cyclical component of corporate profits after tax. The concluding lines are that the remarkable performance of the United States is due to its countercyclical economic policy, allowing for its stability and the closing up of its macro model
Razaki, Chakirou. "Stabilité et instabilité de l'économie américaine : construction et exploitation de la maquette d'un modèle dynamique macro-économique." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100184.
Full textIn this thesis we analyze the recurrent instability of the American economy. We study the fluctuations of this economy through a model of applied macro econometrics using the microeconomic theory of disequilibrium. The process deals with the construction, the estimation and the use of the empirical dynamic systems which are stable, unstable or present stationary dis-equilibria. The stable equilibria are effective during the periods of balanced growth while the instability occurs in case of booms or recessions. Even though we follow the work of Dumenil and Levy, we build a two-sector macroeconomic model of general disequilibrium which is non-linear and includes exogenous variables. The use of eigenvalues of transfer matrices associated with several versions of the model gives stability conditions. We take into account the random evolutions of the American economy. The initial survey of the literature in the field and the applications points out the pertinence of the inherent theory within the proposed models: the examination of Keynesian and neo-classical theoretical models confirms their handicap in case of a robust macroeconomic modelling (microeconomic basis or rapid macroeconomic extension)
Borgy, Vladimir. "Les fluctuations d'une petite économie ouverte : applications à l'économie française." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010072.
Full textAlcaras, Jean-Robert. "Sur la modélisation des processus d'adaptation socio-économiques : aspects symboliques et téléologiques de l'autonomie individuelle et sociale, interprétation des stratégies économiques en termes d'ingénierie." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32033.
Full textTo report on the diversity and the complexity of the adaptation processes carried out by the socio-economic agents and systems, the importance of the symbolical and teleogical processes has to be developed and this beyond purely "physical" actions. In addition to a methodological and epistemological questioning induced by these remarks, one is brought to consider that the economic theories (likely to influence representations and values recognized by the agents) play themselves an active part in these adaptation processes : thus, they would not only serve an objective reality but could also quote among the factors constituting an adaptation engineering of socio-economic systems. To support such hypothesis, we will notably base upon h. A. Simon's principle of "procedural rationality" and thelatest progress of convention economics
Martin, Elsa. "Aspects économiques de gestion de l'eau souterraine." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24013.
Full textThis thesis is about economic problems of groundwater management. There are three essays, mainly theoretical, being introduced with a first chapter. This one consists in a literature review on the subject. It aims at explaining the various inefficiencies linked with groundwater exploitation that are modelled in the essays. The first essay is about a real aquifer: the Crau one (South-East of France). A static Nash game is built. While the heterogenous agents (urban and industrial users) using the groundwater resource are overexploiting it, an irrigation association is replenishing it through the percolations induced by its members activity which is a traditional costly one. We show that a local groundwater management committee can always implement a budget-balanced fiscal scheme consisting in slowing down the groundwater extractions through a pigovian tax and inducing its optimal replenishment through subsidizing the irrigation association. The purpose of the second essay is quite different since it aims at bringing to the fore, within the framework of a dynamic model of optimal control with representative agents, the inefficiencies due to the lack of coordination of internalizing policies at the European level, concentrating on the water framework directive and the common agricultural policy. We show that, if an aquifer constitutes the vector of various positive and negative externalities induced by several economic activities, these inefficiencies can compensate themselves in such a way that the implementation of such policies by two distinct authorities playing an open-loop Nash game produces inefficiencies. In this special case, the efficient solution consists in a coordinated fiscal scheme between both the authorities. The last essay revisits the Gisser and Sanchez effect according to which a groundwater management policy would not generate significant welfare gains with respect to a situation with no control. In order to do this, we propose to make the number of farmers endogenous in Rubio and Casino's (2001) differential game. We then show that, at the steady state, the Gisser and Sanchez effect does not work anymore since the benefit at the stationary equilibrium is zero, although it is positive if a central planner intervenes
Jin, Yosuke. "Interest rate, asset valuation and wealth in a general-equilibrium setting, based on the structuralist theory : technological progress and obsolescence." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0046.
Full textThe structuralist theory developed by Phelps is one of the intertemporal equilibrium approaches and it brings into light the essential role of asset valuation. The structuralist general equilibrium model assumes that firms invest until the marginal adjustment cost equals the asset price which is the discounted stream of future profits, and that financial variables such as asset valuation can affect effectively decisions on output and labor demand through a specific transmission mechanism. I assume that shocks to asset valuation find their source in innovation process which is essentially a disequilibrium phenomenon, which results in a breaking up in the temporal production structure (i. E. The balance between investment and final output). In this case, the asset price has to be formed in such a circumstance characterized by uncertainty on future profits and on the productivity level subject to the future state of technology. I show, following the methodologies in the previous structuralist empirical analyses, that asset pricing explains significantly firms’ investment decision. I also show that shocks in asset pricing are effectively caused by the type of technological progress embodied in capital, and that obsolescence, which is the inherent nature of this type of technological progress, eventually weighs on asset pricing over the near-term future
Talha, Larbi. "Surpopulation, réserve de travail et migrations internationales de main d'oeuvre : contribution à une critique des approches économiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX24008.
Full textWolf, Clara. "Housing and monetary policy : three essays on empirical housing economics and international monetary policy." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0067.
Full textThis thesis investigates heterogeneous topics since it is related to both housing economics and monetary economics, and uses various tools including theoretical modeling, microeconomic policy evaluation and macroeconomic empirical approach. It is constituted of three chapters. The first one, co-authored with Eric Monnet, is interested in the relationship between demographic changes within countries and housing investment. The second one, co-authored with Guillaume Chapelle and Benjamin Vignolles, assesses the impact of a housing tax credit on several dimensions of the housing market. Finally, the third one studies how monetary policy should react to capital inflows when there are frictions on the financial market
Ibrahim, Elgahry Baher. "La synchronisation des cycles économiques entre pays avancés et pays émergents : couplage ou découplage ?" Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0015/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyze business cycles correlation between developed and emerging countries, and to determine the relative importance of causal mechanisms of synchronization/desynchronization between these two groups of countries. The business cycles across countries: divergence or convergence? How cyclical phases that shake the developed countries are transmitted to emerging countries ? By examining the economic relations between advanced and emerging countries, our results show that there is business cycles synchronization between the two groups of countries, but also at the same time, a partial decoupling of business cycles between a limited number of these two groups of countries, particularly India and China. Trade integration and financial channels are the main determinants of cyclical synchronization between developed countries and emerging economies, with a relative importance of the financial factors. This result led us to analyze, further, the financial aspects. Thus, we studied in the first place, the financial stress index. It is observed that there is a strong correlation between financial turmoil of developed countries and emerging countries. It was tested, in the second place, the cyclical synchronization under different exchange rate regimes. It appears that emerging economies that adopt an intermediate exchange rate regime are more synchronized because there is a link between their cyclical correlation and their international reserves behavior. These arrive at their peak under an intermediate exchange rate regime, probably due to the intense relations with Europe and the United States, which reach their highest level under an intermediate exchange rate system
Litvine, Nikolaevich Igor. "Economic and Financial Cycles in South Africa." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0240/document.
Full textThis study is about cycles. Various cycles are all around us in nature, society and the humans body. However, our interest is in cycles in macroeconomic evolution. Specifically, we focus on business cycles, financial cycles, energy demand cycles and even in climatic change.Some cycles are very regular and therefore easily predictable. The cycles we investigate represent a distinct challenge for research as they are irregular, that is they do not have fixed periods. In many instances studying the cycles is preferred to studying the original as this allows the following:• Data compression/reduction;• Data smoothing, noise reduction, blurring;• Analysis of cycles in many instances is more robust;• Assessing performance of an investor or trader;• Modelling of peaks and troughs;• Comparing cycles (e.g. for synchronisation analysis).In our investigations we used a wide range of techniques – from quite straightforward linear regression (including proposed double-linear or LL-model) to sophisticated hybrid models, combining multivariate regression with artificial neural networks (ANN).The following highlights are mentionable:• Introduction of the concept of axiomatic definition of persistence;• The role of the Hurst exponent in analysis of cycles;• Establishing the link between axiomatic persistence and the Hurst exponent;• New fast method for estimation of Hurst exponent;• Hierarchical optimal dating of cycles in time series;• Hierarchical estimation of time series models, including ANN estimation.For our research we used both real data related to the South African national economy and simulated data. Wolfram Mathematica was used as the principal research tool
Nechad, Abdelhamid. "Analyse critique des théories et indicateurs de la pauvreté : appui à l'expérience marocaine." Littoral, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DUNK0102.
Full textThis thesis about the indicators and theories of poverty is structured into four chapters. The first thoroughly explores all the economic factors of poverty as well as the limits of the economic paradigm of international institutions. More precisely, the candidate exposes in a systematic and critical way, the "tool box" of the traditional approach to poverty : the income per capita, the poverty line, as well as the latest improvements of statistical tools such as the indicator of human development, the indicator of capacity shortage, and the indicator of human poverty. He concludes that any statistical tool bears the prints of the theorical conception inspiring it. That way he goes back to the basic postulates of the economic conception of wealth and poverty. He identifies the too reducing character which hinders economists from apprehending the poverty processes in all their complexities
Boute, Serge. "Contribution à l'économie politique des communes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213419.
Full textOman, William. "Essays on the financial cycle and macroeconomics : measuring macrofinancial pro-cyclicality." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E012.
Full textThis dissertation studies the role of the financial cycle in macroeconomics. Chapter 1 studies the synchronization of business cycles and financial cycles in the euro area. Chapter 2 proposes a new, financeadjusted measure of the output gap. Chapter 3 proposes a simple and intuitive indicator to quantify the procyclicality of fiscal policy based on output gap and cyclicallyadjusted primary fiscal balance estimates. The dissertation shows that taking account of the financial cycle can help inform the analysis of macrofinancial fluctuations. A key finding is that Greece, Ireland and Spain experienced a common macrofinancial boombust cycle in the 2000s. The evidence in the three chapters of this dissertation has implications for the main areas of macroeconomic policy: monetary policy (macroprudential and monetary policies should be coordinated), fiscal policy (fiscal policy pro-cyclicality can be reduced by taking account of the financial cycle in estimating structural fiscal balances), and financial policy (financial stability policies can complement fiscal and monetary policies in stabilizing the cycle)
Wang, Charlotte. "La télévision en Chine continentale : ses enjeux politiques et économiques aujourd'hui." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020039.
Full textAubanel, Jean-Christophe. "Comment sortir d'une crise économique : analyse rétrospective des apports et de l'évolution de la théorie autrichienne des cycles dans le panorama de la Grande Dépression." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA017.
Full text"This thesis offers a retrospective analysis of the Austrian theory of business cycles, from its inception in 1912 by Ludwig von Mises to the developments articulated by Murray Rothbard in the 1960s. This monetary analysis of economic cycles primarily evolved during the 1930s, subjecting the works of prominent theorists such as Hayek, Robbins, Machlup, Haberler, Röpke, Fetter, and Phillips to the test of the Great Depression. Our research aims to shed light on the repercussions of the Great Depression on the development of the Austrian theory of economic cycles and its crisis exit recommendations, also allowing us to assess the uniqueness of this analysis over its evolution.This work draws on two methodological approaches: the history of economic thought and economic analysis. In this regard, our study adopts a chronological structure divided into three essential periods: [1] the genesis and early developments of the Austrian theory prior to the Great Depression (1912-1929), [2] the testing of the Austrian theory of cycles during the Great Depression (1929-1939), and finally [3] the assessment of the Great Depression's impact on Austrian thought (1939-1969).Our approach is intended to examine in detail the various developments that, over a period of more than half a century, have shaped the Austrian view of economic crises and the remedies to address them. The Great Depression being a pivotal period on these issues, our focus is primarily on the 1930s, a time during which the majority of Austrian reference works on the subject were published, punctuated by multiple controversies with Keynesian and neoclassical schools. This also involves political and epistemological considerations, as the Austrian school places special emphasis on cross-analyzing perspectives on the same subject, thereby illustrating Hayek's statement, 'He would be a bad economist who was only an economist.' Our research also assumes the decomposition and explanation of the complex mechanisms that form the theoretical foundation of the Austrian analysis of cycles: the theory of capital, interest, and money.Based on all these elements of various natures, our thesis seeks to question, beyond the thoughts of eminent authors now belonging to posterity, the process of shaping one of the most important economic theories of the 20th century and the solutions it proposed for the greatest crisis of the capitalist era. This approach to updating crisis exit recommendations from an Austrian perspective, although apparently contradictory to the non-intervention principles inherent to this school of thought, also leads us to challenge the idea that government policies are the only conceivable solution to overcome recurring episodes of depression. Consequently, the practical hope of this work is to provide insights into a question that still remains unanswered in the field of modern macroeconomics."
Amiri, Massoud. "La coercition économique en droit international." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR30008.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the legality of economic coercion under international law. The subject is dealt with in two parts. In part l, it is proposed to show that economic coercion is prima lacie unlawful. Chapter 1 examines the grounds of this illegality : the principle of the freedom of trade, violation of specific treaty obligations, the rule refraining from the threat or use of force, the principle of nonintervention, the prohibition of economic coercion in the conclusion of treaties and assimilation of economic coercion to aggression. Chapter II is devoted to the definition of the modalities of unlawful economic actions. A distinction is made to that effect between measures aimed directly against a given State and those aimed indirectly against the target State, namely mesures with extraterritorial reach and secondary boycotts. Part II examines the circumstances justifying the exercise of coercion. The first chapter deals with collective sanctions ordered or authorized in the framework of the United Nations. The major questions addressed: circumstances justifying resort to sanctions by the Security Council, the competence of the General Assembly in this area, the exemptions warranted on humanitarian considerations, legal effects and implementation of the U. N. Resolutions and the power of regional arrangements or agencies to order sanctions. The second chapter is devoted to decentralized reactions to illicit acts. It is composed of three sections. The first section is concerned with the conditions of the legality of counter-measures taken by a State directly injured by a wrongful act, such as an attempt for obtaining redress by other means, proportionality and the observance of human rights. The following section examines the possibility of resorting to unilateral counter-measures by States which have not been directly and materially affected by the breach of obligations towards the international community as a whole. The final section focuses on economic measures of legitimate Self-defence
Zhang, Ding. "L'évolution de la politique énergétique du Royaume-Uni de 1945 à 2007 : enjeux politiques, économiques et écologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030145.
Full textOver a decade, world economy has been characterised by three intense tendencies in the field of energy: (1) the energy consumption, which had been slowed down following the two oil crises, has tremendously increased, essentially due to the fast development of China; (2) the constantly-Aggravating greenhouse effect and the global warming are threatening the survival of our planet; (3) the energy supply security has been less and less guaranteed as a result of the exacerbation of the nationalism in many oil-Producing countries. When New Labour came to power in 1997, the UK was independent in its hydrocarbon production. Seven years later in 2004, it became a net gas importer, and in 2006, a net oil importer. Most of its energy infrastructures are nowadays obsolete. The UK is thus facing a triple challenge: environment, energy supply security and energy infrastructures modernisation, which all engulf great investments. These challenges are common to all European countries. In June 2007, the government published an important Energy White Paper on the challenges that the British energy policy was facing.The doctoral thesis studies the evolution of the UK energy policy since the end of the Second World War. Two questions are essential to this study. What are the great evolutions of the UK energy policy? What are the convergences and divergences between the UK energy policy and the European energy policy, of which the creation of the Common Market is only one of the aspects?
Darné, Olivier. "La désaisonnalisation des chroniques économiques : Analyse des conditions conjoncturelles." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10057.
Full textMarais, Elise. "Mécanismes de propagation des crises émergentes de la décennie 90." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24013.
Full textThis work aims at studying the propagation mechanisms of emerging crises during the nineties and at assessing the vulnerability of emerging countries to specific channel of conveyance. In chapter 1, the fundamentals-based contagion is studied. We highligh the influence of exogenous shock, flight-to-quality and common lender effect. On the even of the Asian crisis, Asian countries have the highest vulnerability to the common lender effect. The chapter 2 aims at studying pure contagion. Emerging countries are mainly victims of Cross Market Hedging and wake up call effect. Shift contagion is found on the sovereign debt market during the Asian crisis. In chapter 3, contagion is defined as nonlinearity in shock transmission. The assessment of channels of shock conveyance among Asian stock markets highlight the shift in links among markets during the Asian crisis
Mohammad, Ahmad Ibrahim. "La réforme agraire en Irak : conséquences juridiques et socio-économiques." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10009.
Full textOur analysis of the legal aspects of agricultural property in irak has revealed that agricultural property has always been of a public type ever since the first islamic era (622-661). However, the numerous political regimes and the promulgation of various sets of laws concerning this problem of agricultural property have forther increased the complexity of the question and resulted in the concentration of agricultural property in the hands of feudal landlords estate owvers. That situation has had as a consequence the exploitation of the tenants and deterioration of living conditions in rural areas. This is the reason why the promulgation of a new agrarian legislation had become necessary in order to achieve important changes in the type of property, production relations and an increase in socio-economic conditions. Great changes have in fact taken place in iraki society despite the fact that, as for as iraki agricultural is concerned, the initial, especialy in agricultural output, have not fulfilled