Academic literature on the topic 'Cyclic Polarization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cyclic Polarization"
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Haanappel, V. A. C., and M. F. Stroosnijder. "Influence of Mechanical Deformation on the Corrosion Behavior of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Obtained from Cooking Utensils." Corrosion 57, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3290382.
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Abstract The corrosion properties of an AISI 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel food-service utensil were investigated by linear polarization, Tafel plots, and cyclic polarization, performed in a sodium chloride (NaCl)/water solution at 20°C. Different surface area zones of the utensil were distinguished by differences in the amount of residual stress incorporated as a result of cold work. Large differences in corrosion current density and pit formation after cyclic polarization measurements, and as a consequence, in corrosion rates were found between zones with different degrees of deformation. In general, an increasing degree of deformation resulted in a decrease in the corrosion current density, whereas after cyclic polarization the number of pits increased. However, crevice corrosion was always observed after cyclic polarization measurements.
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Huang, Wei, Yan Zhang, and J. Richard Sportsman. "A Fluorescence Polarization Assay for Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 7, no. 3 (June 2002): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705710200700305.
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Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of the 3′-ester bond of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), important second messengers in the transduction of a variety of extracellular signals. There is growing interest in the study of PDEs as drug targets for novel therapeutics. We describe the development of a homogeneous fluorescence polarization assay for PDEs based on the strong binding of PDE reaction products (i.e., AMP or GMP) onto modified nanoparticles through interactions with immobilized trivalent metal cations. This assay technology (IMAP) is applicable to both cAMP- and cGMP-specific PDEs. Results of the assay in 384- and 1536-well microplates are presented.
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Diver, D. A., E. W. Laing, and C. C. Sellar. "On waves in spatially cyclic equilibria." Journal of Plasma Physics 43, no. 1 (February 1990): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800014641.
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Khoma, M. S. "Polarization characteristics of stainless steels under cyclic loading." Materials Science 33, no. 6 (November 1997): 862–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02355569.
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Saraswathy, V., S. Muralidharan, L. Balamurugan, P. Kathirvel, and A. S. S. Sekar. "Evaluation of composite cements using cyclic polarization techniques." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 8 (November 2011): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-1375-6.
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WEINFURTER, HARALD, and GERALD BADUREK. "THE NON-CYCLIC BERRY PHASE." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 28 (November 10, 1990): 2291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390002626.
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By analyzing the change of the polarization of a thermal neutron beam on its passage through a magnetic field rotating at various speeds, it is demonstrated that geometric phase shifts of quantum states first introduced by Berry can be observed also for non-cyclic incomplete evolutions in parameter space.
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Nedvetsky, Pavel I., Sang-Ho Kwon, Jayanta Debnath, and Keith E. Mostov. "Cyclic AMP regulates formation of mammary epithelial acini in vitro." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 15 (August 2012): 2973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-02-0078.
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Epithelial cells form tubular and acinar structures notable for a hollow lumen. In three-dimensional culture utilizing MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, acini form due to integrin-dependent polarization and survival of cells contacting extracellular matrix (ECM), and the apoptosis of inner cells of acini lacking contact with the ECM. In this paper, we report that cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) promotes acinus formation via two mechanisms. First, cAMP accelerates redistribution of α6-integrin to the periphery of the acinus and thus facilitates the polarization of outer acinar cells. Blocking of α6-integrin function by inhibitory antibody prevents cAMP-dependent polarization. Second, cAMP promotes the death of inner cells occupying the lumen. In the absence of cAMP, apoptosis is delayed, resulting in perturbed luminal clearance. cAMP-dependent apoptosis is accompanied by a posttranscriptional PKA-dependent increase in the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death. These data demonstrate that cAMP regulates lumen formation in mammary epithelial cells in vitro, both through acceleration of polarization of outer cells and apoptosis of inner cells of the acinus.
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Shi, Yi Ran, Yan Tao Tian, Lan Xiang Zhu, and Li Fei Deng. "Cyclic Relation Method for DOA and Polarization Parameters Estimation of Arbitrary Polarized Array." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 2330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.2330.
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Focus on the estimation for DOA and polarization parameters of electromagnetic sensor array, this paper proposes the method that uses cyclic relation function to substitute for covariance matrix. Because cyclic statistic is less sensitive to stable noise and any cyclic stable noise with different cyclic frequency, the method proposed is immune to any stable color noise. This method use minimum norm method to solve the spectrum function. So this method can restrict the effect of the cyclic relation matrix estimating error. Computer simulation experiments prove the performance of this method.
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Italiano, Ana Elisa Vilicev, Daniela Vieira Amantéa, Fernando Santos da Silva, Leandro Fernandes, Márcio Luiz dos Santos, and Luís Geraldo Vaz. "Corrosion characterization of the experimental alloy Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta by electrochemical techniques." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): e40610615861. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15861.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the experimental alloy Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta, modified by laser beam, in a physiological solution of 0.9% NaCl. This evaluation was carried out by open circuit potential analysis (EOCP), potentiodynamic polarization curves and cyclic polarization curves. The open circuit potential curves show the specimen irradiated by laser beam at 35 Hz presented a more stable and corrosion resistant surface. It was observed in the polarization curves, low current densities in the order of nA /cm2, for all specimen indicating an expected passive behavior for the investigated alloy. The cyclic polarization curves show that for specimen treated with laser, the potential for repassivation (Er) is greater in relation to the potential for corrosion (Ecorr), which indicates greater resistance to corrosion of metal alloys when treated with laser.
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Matsuhashi, Ryo, Kiyomi Nose, Kazumi Matsuoka, and Haruhiko Kajimura. "Dynamical Observation of Crevice Corrosion during Cyclic Polarization Test." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 65, no. 12 (2016): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.65.498.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cyclic Polarization"
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Barnes, Javier. "Application of Cyclic Polarization of Aluminum 3003 Used in All-Aluminum Microchannel Heat Exchangers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801930/.
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All-aluminum microchannel heat exchangers are designed to significantly reduce refrigerant charge requirements, weight, reduced brazed joints, and decreased potential for leakage by increasing reliability. Al 3003 alloy is corrosion resistant and can be formed, welded, and brazed but the issue with all-aluminum heat exchangers is localized corrosion (pitting) in corrosive environments. Currently, there is no universally accepted corrosion test that all coil manufacturers use to characterize their products. Electrochemical testing method of cyclic polarization was employed in this investigation and relevant parameters including electrolyte corrosive agent and its concentration, electrolyte pH, and applied potential scan rate was varied to find an optimal set of parameters. Results of cyclic polarization of Al 3003 in electrolytes containing various concentrations of NaCl were compared with those of the tests in Sea Water Acidified Accelerated Test (SWAAT) electrolyte and it is shown the SWAAT electrolyte (4.2% sea salt acidified to pH of 2.9) is by far stronger (in terms of corrosivity) than typical 3.5% NaCl solution used in most corrosion testing. Corrosion rates (g/m2yr) of Al 3003 measured in this investigation were comparable to those provided by ISO 9223 standard corresponding to C1 through CX categories. Duration of cyclic polarization test is much shorter than that of SWAAT and results obtained in this test is more reproducible compared to those of SWAAT. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs show typical pit depths of about 50 μm.
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Dorreyatim, Mohammad. "Cyclic Polarization of AA 3102 in Corrosive Electrolytes Containing Sodium Chloride and Ammonium Sulfate." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955069/.
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Corrosion of all aluminum microchannel heat exchangers present a challenge in automotive and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industries. Reproducibility of Salt Water Acetic Acid Test (SWAAT) has been questioned and a need to new corrosion tests with better reproducibility has risen. Cyclic polarization, that is an electrochemical test, was explored for its suitability for the assessment of AA 3102 tube material that is currently a popular aluminum alloy used in manufacturing of heat exchanger.
Corrosive electrolytes containing 3.5 % sodium chloride with 0.5 % ammonium sulfate (high chloride) or 0.5 % sodium chloride with 3.5 % ammonium sulfate (high sulfate) at their pH or acidic (pH=4) were used to measure corrosion potential (Ecorr), protection potential (Epp), pitting potential (Epit), Tafel constants (βa and βc), corrosion rate (mpy). Corrosive electrolyte used in SWAAT test (4.2% Sea Salt at pH 2.9) was also used to compare corrosion resistance of AA 3102 in SWAAT electrolyte compared to the other electrolytes used in this research. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe and document sample surface corrosion damage after each electrochemical test on all samples.
Results of the cyclic polarization tests indicated that SWAAT electrolytes was the most aggressive electrolyte resulting in highest corrosion rates compared to all other electrolytes used in this investigation. SEM results indicated AA 3102 alloy exhibited higher pitting tendency in electrolytes with high sodium chloride whereas high sulfate electrolytes cause appearance of uniform corrosion surface damage on this alloy. Both high sulfate and SWAAT electrolytes showed intergranular corrosion but high chloride electrolyte showed severe pitting of AA 3102.
Mohammad Navid Dorreyatim- Cyclic Polarization of AA 3102 in Corrosive Electrolytes Containing Sodium Chloride and Ammonium Sulfate. Master of Science (Mechanical and Energy Engineering), December 2016, 98 pp., references, 31 titles.
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Gordon, Ashley Rebecca. "Evaluation of TiO2 as a Pt-Catalyst Support in a Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31505.
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Direct ethanol fuel cells are of interest due to the high energy density, ease of distribution and handling, and low toxicity of ethanol. Difficulties lie in finding a catalyst that can completely oxidize ethanol and resist poisoning by intermediate reaction species. Degradation of the catalyst layer over time is also an issue that needs to be addressed. In this work, niobium doped-titanium dioxide (Nb-TiO2) is investigated as a platinum (Pt) support due to its increased resistance to corrosion compared to the common catalyst support, carbon. It has also been seen in the literature that TiO2 is able to adsorb OH and assist in freeing Pt sites by further oxidizing COad to CO2 and thereby increasing the catalytic activity of catalysts toward ethanol oxidation. The TiO2 support is mixed with carbon, forming Nb-TiO2-C, in order to increase the conductivity throughout the support. The electrochemical activity and direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) performance of this novel catalyst is investigated and compared to that of two common catalysts, carbon supported Pt (Pt/C) and carbon supported platinum-tin (PtSn/C). While the conductivity of the Pt/Nb-TiO2-C electrodes was low compared to that of the carbon supported electrodes, the overall catalytic activity and performance of the TiO2 supported catalyst was comparable to that of the Pt/C catalyst based on the electrochemically active surface area.Master of Science
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Cardoso, Jorge Luiz. "AvaliaÃÃo e ComparaÃÃo da ResistÃncia à CorrosÃo por Pites do AÃo SuperaustenÃtico AL 6XN PLUS TM e dos AÃos InoxidÃveis AustenÃticos da SÃrie AISI 304L, 316L e 317L." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6799.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel SuperiorAs torres de destilaÃÃo de petrÃleo sofrem corriqueiramente com problemas relacionados à corrosÃo devido ao elevado Ãndice de acidez presente no petrÃleo exigindo uma elevada resistÃncia à corrosÃo por parte dos equipamentos utilizados. Dentre os materiais empregados na fabricaÃÃo e revestimento dos equipamentos, destacam-se os aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos da sÃrie 300. Os aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos sÃo largamente utilizados em componentes que operam em faixas de temperaturas elevadas, tais como caldeiras, super aquecedores, reatores quÃmicos e etc. Os aÃos inoxidÃveis super austenÃticos, devido ao aumento no teor de cromo e molibdÃnio se comparado aos aÃos austenÃticos da sÃrie 300, apresentam uma excelente resistÃncia à corrosÃo localizada, principalmente à corrosÃo por pites que à uma das mais danosas formas de corrosÃo aos equipamentos fabricados por esses aÃos. Os aÃos inoxidÃveis super austenÃticos tÃm sido apontados como possÃveis substitutos para a sÃrie austenÃtica 300 para aplicaÃÃes em equipamentos que requerem temperaturas elevadas e em meios agressivos como os encontrados na indÃstria do petrÃleo. Objetivando avaliar e comparar a resistÃncia à corrosÃo por pites do aÃo comercial inoxidÃvel super austenÃtico AL 6XN PLUSâ com os aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos 304L, 316L e 317L para elevadas temperaturas, amostras desses aÃos foram submetidas a tratamentos tÃrmicos para as temperaturas de 500, 700 e 900 C por um perÃodo de 72 horas. Foram tambÃm analisadas as amostras na condiÃÃo como recebidas. Foram realizados ensaios de polarizaÃÃo cÃclica para avaliar e comparar a resistÃncia à corrosÃo por pites entre os materiais citados utilizando uma soluÃÃo aquosa de Ãcido sulfÃrico e cloreto de sÃdio nas concentraÃÃes 0,5 M H2SO4 + 0,5 M NaCl e 1 M H2SO4 + 2 M NaCl. Os resultados mostraram uma maior suscetibilidade à corrosÃo por pites no aÃo 304L. Os aÃos 316L e 317L apresentaram desempenho intermediÃrio (pites menores à medida que o material tornava-se mais nobre) e tambÃm corrosÃo em frestas. O aÃo super austenÃtico AL 6XN PLUSâ mostrou o melhor desempenho em ambos os eletrÃlitos utilizados. Somente uma amostra do aÃo super austenÃtico e em uma condiÃÃo extrema de temperatura e meio corrosivo mostrou suscetibilidade à corrosÃo por pites. Esse comportamento à bem desejÃvel na indÃstria do petrÃleo.
The oil distillation towers routinely suffer problems related to corrosion due to the high level of acidity present in the oil requiring a high resistance to corrosion of the equipment in use. Among the materials used in the manufacturing and coating of equipment, we highlight the Austenitic Stainless Steel of the 300 Series. Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in components for high temperatures, such as boilers, super heaters, chemical reactors, etc. Super austenitic stainless steels, due to their high Cr and Mo content, as compared to regular austenitic types, show a higher resistance to pitting corrosion, which is one of the most harmful forms of localized corrosion. These steels have been pointed as a possible replacement for common austenitic steels for applications at high temperatures and aggressive media, as in the oil industry. In order to evaluate and compare the resistance to pitting corrosion of AL 6XN PLUS â super austenitic stainless steel commercial with the 304L, 316L and 317L austenitic stainless steels for high temperatures, samples of these steels were subjected to heat treatments at temperatures of 500, 700 and 900 Â C for a period of 72 hours. Samples in the as-received condition were also analyzed. Cyclic polarization tests were performed to evaluate and compare the resistance to pitting corrosion of the materials mentioned using an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and sodium chloride concentrations in 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M H2SO4 + 2 M NaCl. The results showed a higher susceptibility to pitting corrosion in the 304L steel. 316L and 317L steels showed intermediate performance (smaller pits as the material became more noble) and crevice corrosion as well. The AL 6XN PLUS â super austenitic steel showed the best performance in both electrolytes used. Only a sample of the super austenitic steel and in an extreme condition of temperature and corrosive environment showed susceptibility to pitting corrosion. This behavior is very desirable in the oil industry.
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Kernen, Joakim. "Trends, cycles and institutions : -Job polarization and the business cycle in Europe." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-367063.
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This thesis studies the cyclical aspect of job polarization in Europe. Contributions include offering a comparison to the findings of previous research on the United States, and extending the analysis by introducing labor market institutions. The analysis is done in two parts, first showing that the observed link between job polarization and jobless recoveries in the US is observed in Europe, but not across all countries and business cycles. In Scandinavia, the process of job polarization appears smoother than the spurts observed in the US. The second part involves regression analyses of the relationship between labor market institutions, the business cycle and occupational employment. The results indicate that stricter labor market institutions are less robustly associated with Routine employment than other occupational groups and that Routine employment is more sensitive to the business cycle than other types of employment. Further, rigid labor market institutions may prevent some of the Routine decline associated with economic downturns, while not necessarily affecting the long run employment. Limitations of the analysis regards rough estimates of the key variables, number of observations and the lack of identification associated with cross-country analyses.
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Bock, Sébastien. "Transatlantic employment performances and job polarization." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E062.
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Cette thèse explore les implications du progrès technique et de la fiscalité du travail sur les performances de l'emploi en France et aux États-Unis au cours des quatre dernières décennies. Le chapitre 1 évalue dans quelle mesure les différences de structures sociodémographiques et professionnelles entre pays expliquent le déficit d'emploi français. Ce déficit ne reflète pas seulement un marché du travail déficient, mais aussi une réallocation du travail qui affecte les perspectives d'emploi et les décisions de participation de groupes sociodémographiques spécifiques. Le chapitre 2 étudie les déterminants des performances d'emploi non qualifié en France entre 1982 et 2008. Le progrès technique et les politiques de taxation du travail sont essentiels pour appréhender la détérioration de l'emploi non qualifié. La réallocation de la main-d'œuvre non qualifiée des emplois de routiniers vers les emplois manuels induite par le progrès technique est en partie entravée par la présence du secteur non marchand. La fiscalité du travail interagit avec le progrès technique en modifiant la valeur des emplois non qualifiés par rapport au travail non marchand. Le chapitre 3 étudie les implications des chocs technologiques routiniers sur les fluctuations économiques entre 1989 et 2017 aux États-Unis. Il évalue leur impact en estimant un modèle VAR structurel. Les chocs technologiques biaises en défaveur des tâches routinières expliquent les effets récessifs des chocs technologiques sur les heures travaillées. Ces chocs apparaissent quantitativement pertinents et génèrent des fluctuations reconnaissables du cycle économiqueThis thesis explores the implications of technological change and labor taxation for employment performances in France and the U.S. over the past four decades. Chapter 1 delves into transatlantic employment performances. It measures the extent to which cross-country discrepancies in socio-demographic and occupational structures account for the transatlantic employment gap over time. The French employment deficit does not only reflect a disfunctioning labor market but also the occupational reallocation of labor that affects the employment prospects and participation decisions of specific socio-demographic groups. Chapter 2 investigates the determinants of unskilled employment outcomes in France between 1982 and 2008. Technological change and labor taxation policies are pivotal to grasp the deterioration of unskilled employment. The reallocation of unskilled labor from routine jobs towards manual jobs induced by technological change is partly obstructed by the presence of a nonmarket sector. Labor taxation interacts with technological change by distorting the value of unskilled jobs with respect to non-market work. Chapter 3 studies the implications of routine-biased technological shocks for aggregate fluctuations between 1989 and 2017 in the U.S. It assesses the effects of technological shocks by estimating a structural VAR mode! with long-run exclusion and sign restrictions. Routine-biased technology shocks account for the recessionary effects of technological shocks on hours worked. These shocks appear quantitatively relevant and generate recognizable business cycle fluctuations
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Sarabia, Francisco J. "Interfacial studies of Pt and Cu single-crystal electrodes modified by transition metal deposition." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/118535.
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El conocimiento de las características interfaciales es de suma importancia para poder desarrollar materiales que sean capaces de dar lugar a reacciones electrocatalíticas eficientes. Por esta razón, en esta tesis se muestran diferentes estudios interfaciales sobre superficies monocristalinas de platino y cobre en diferentes electrolitos. Además se estudian las características de la interfase electrodoldisolución con superficies de platino modificadas con adátomos de hierro, cobalto y níquel. Para ello, se han empleado las técnicas de voltametría cíclica, espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier, desplazamiento de carga con CO y salto de temperatura inducido por láser. Los resultados muestran cómo varía el campo eléctrico interfacial disminuye al aumentar el recubrimiento de hierro y níquel en la superficie de platino. Este efecto tiene un gran impacto en la reacción de evolución de hidrógeno, ya que la mejora electrocatalítica de esta reacción está relacionada con la energía de reorganización de las moléculas de agua, la cual, depende de la fortaleza del campo eléctrico interfacial. Los estudios realizados en medio alcalino para las diferentes superficies de cobre y platino sin modificar muestran una correlación entre el potencial de máxima entropía y las funciones de trabajo para cada una de las diferentes orientaciones atómicas superficiales. Por otro lado, debido a la aplicabilidad de las nanopartículas en los sistemas reales de conversión de energía, se realizaron experimentos de sincrotrón empleando la técnica de Bragg coherent difraction imaging con el objetivo de estudiar el deterioro de las nanopartículas en condiciones operando.
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Gizatullin, Bulat [Verfasser], Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Kröger, Esteban Akademischer Betreuer] Anoardo, and Siegfried [Gutachter] [Stapf. "Dynamic nuclear polarization NMR fast field cycling study complex systems / Bulat Gizatullin ; Gutachter: Siegfried Stapf ; Jörg Kröger, Esteban Anoardo." Ilmenau : TU Ilmenau, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218465778/34.
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Zaim, Neïl. "Modeling electron acceleration driven by relativistic intensity few-cycle laser pulses on overdense plasmas." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX089.
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Nous étudions dans cette thèse théorique et numérique l'accélération d'électrons lors de l'interaction entre une impulsion laser d'intensité relativiste et un plasma surdense. Cette interaction est très sensible au profil de densité sur la face avant du plasma et deux régimes différents, correspondant à deux thématiques de recherche développées dans cette thèse, peuvent être considérés.Premièrement, pour des interfaces plasma-vide très abruptes, les mécanismes menant à l'émission d'électrons sont bien compris. Les électrons gagnent en particulier une grande quantité d'énergie lors de leur interaction dans le vide avec l'impulsion laser réfléchie. Nous proposons d'optimiser cette accélération en utilisant des faisceaux polarisés radialement, qui sont caractérisés par la présence d'un fort champ longitudinal, capable d'accélérer directement les électrons dans la direction de propagation du laser. Nous montrons que les plasmas surdenses conduisent à une accélération plus efficace que les autres méthodes existantes pour injecter des électrons dans une impulsion polarisée radialement. Ce résultat a été confirmé par des expériences effectuées récemment au CEA Saclay, au cours desquelles la possibilité d'accélérer des électrons dans la direction longitudinale, menant ce faisant à une diminution de la divergence angulaire du faisceau d'électrons, a été démontrée.Deuxièmement, pour des gradients de densité plasma plus grands, l'interaction n'est pas aussi bien comprise. Nous analysons des résultats expérimentaux obtenus récemment au LOA avec des impulsions de quelques cycles optiques et nous montrons que les électrons sont accélérés par une onde de sillage laser formée dans la partie quasi-critique du plasma. Ce processus ne se produit qu'avec des impulsions de quelques cycles optiques, en accord avec la condition de résonance, et se distingue par la rotation des ondes plasmas causée par le gradient de densitéThis theoretical and numerical thesis is devoted to electron acceleration from the interaction between a relativistic intensity laser pulse and an overdense plasma. This interaction is very sensitive to the density profile at the plasma front surface and two different regimes, which correspond to two distinct lines of research investigated in this thesis, can be considered.First, for sharp plasma-vacuum interfaces, the mechanisms responsible for electron emission are well understood. The electrons receive in particular a large energy gain from their interaction in vacuum with the reflected laser. We propose to optimize the acceleration by using radially polarized beams, which exhibit a strong longitudinal electric field that can directly accelerate electrons in the laser propagation direction. We show that overdense plasmas lead to more efficient acceleration than other existing methods for injecting electrons into a radially polarized pulse. This result was confirmed by recent experiments performed at CEA Saclay, in which electron acceleration in the longitudinal direction, leading to a decrease in the electron beam angular spread, is demonstrated.Secondly, for larger plasma gradient scale lengths, the interaction is not as well understood. We analyze recent experiments performed in this regime at LOA with few-cycle pulses and find that electrons are accelerated by a laser wakefield formed in the near-critical part of the plasma. This process can only be driven by few-cycle pulses, by virtue of the resonant condition, and is characterized by the rotation of the plasma waves induced by the density gradient
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Dib, Luciana Azôr. "Análise não invasiva do fuso celular de oócitos e os resultados dos procedimentos de reprodução assistida em mulheres inférteis com endometriose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-31052010-220343/.
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Introdução: Apesar de controverso, questiona-se um papel deletério da endometriose nos resultados de procedimentos de reprodução assistida, o que pode estar relacionado ao comprometimento da qualidade oocitária. Para que o oócito maduro esteja preparado para a fertilização, é necessário que o fuso meiótico mantenha a sua integridade e funcionabilidade. Objetivos: Comparar a presença e localização do fuso meiótico e o estágio de maturação nuclear de oócitos com o primeiro corpúsculo polar (CP) visível de pacientes inférteis sem e com endometriose. Comparar os resultados de Injeção Intracitoplasmática de espermatozóides (ICSI) entre os oócitos em telófase I e metáfase II, e entre aqueles com e sem fuso celular visível, nos grupos analisados. Metodologia: Estudo prospectivo e controlado com pacientes inférteis, submetidas à estimulação ovariana para realização de ICSI, selecionadas consecutivamente e divididas em dois grupos: Controle (fator tubário e/ou masculino) e Endometriose (subdividido em endometriose mínima e leve I/II versus moderada e severa III/IV). Os oócitos com extrusão do primeiro CP foram avaliados pela microscopia de polarização imediatamente antes da realização da ICSI e caracterizados quanto à presença/localização do fuso celular em relação ao primeiro CP e ao estágio de maturação nuclear (telófase I ou metáfase II). Foram analisados as taxas de fertilização, clivagem, número de embriões de boa qualidade no segundo (D2) e terceiro (D3) dia de desenvolvimento oriundos dos oócitos em telófase I versus metáfase II, e metáfase II com fuso visível versus sem fuso visível, nos grupos controle, endometriose, endometriose I/II e endometriose III/IV. Resultados: Foram analisados 441 oócitos, sendo 254 do grupo controle e 187 do grupo endometriose (115 do grupo endometriose I/II e 72 do grupo endometriose III/IV). Não observamos diferença significativa entre a percentagem de oócitos em metáfase II com fuso celular visível e não visível (88,6%, 91,3%, 88,2%, respectivamente, nos grupos controle, endometriose I/II e endometriose III/IV) e entre a percentagem de oócitos com fuso celular nas diferentes localizações nos grupos avaliados. Entre os oócitos aparentemente maduros, observamos um aumento significativo de oócitos em telófase I no grupo endometriose III/IV (5,6%) quando comparado ao grupo endometriose I/II (0%). Observamos uma tendência a menores taxas de fertilização dos oócitos injetados em telófase I quando comparados aos em metáfase II, nos grupos controle (p=0,08), endometriose (p=0,05) e endometriose III/IV (p=0,09). Comparando-se os oócitos com e sem fuso celular visível, não observamos diferença significativa nos resultados de ICSI entre os grupos analisados. Conclusão: Não observamos diferença significativa entre os grupos analisados quanto à visualização e localização do fuso celular em oócitos maturados in vivo com o primeiro CP visível. Todavia, observamos um aumento significativo de oócitos em telófase I nas portadoras de endometriose moderada e severa, sugerindo um retardo ou comprometimento na conclusão da meiose I. Considerando que os oócitos injetados em telófase I apresentam piores taxas de fertilização do que os injetados em metáfase II, este achado poderia justificar o comprometimento dos resultados de reprodução assistida em mulheres inférteis com endometriose moderada e severa, além de ser utilizado com ferramenta prognóstica pós-ICSI.Introduction: Although it has been a controversial issue for decades, a deleterious role of endometriosis on assisted reproductive techniques (ART) outcomes is questioned, which may be related to oocyte quality. For a mature oocyte be prepared for fertilization is necessary that the meiotic spindle keeps its integrity and its function. Objectives: To compare the presence and localization of the meiotic spindle and the oocyte nuclear maturation with the visible first polar body of infertile patients with and without endometriosis. To compare ICSI outcomes between oocytes on telophase I and metaphase II, and the ones with and without visible meiotic spindle, on those two groups. Methodology: A prospective and controlled study with infertile patients who underwent ovarian stimulation for purposes of ICSI, selected consecutively and divided into two groups: control (tubal and/or male factor) and endometriosis (subdivided in minimum and mild stage I/II versus moderate and severe stage III/IV). The oocytes with the first polar body extruded (in vivo matured oocytes) were imaged using a polarization microscopy immediately before ICSI and characterized according to the presence and localization of meiotic spindle and its relation to the first polar body and the nuclear maturation stage (telophase I and metaphase II). We have analyzed the fertilization rates, clivage, number of good quality embryos on the second (D2) and third (D3) day of development from oocytes on telophase I versus the ones on metaphase II, and metaphase II visible spindle versus the non-visible ones, on the control groups, endometriosis, endometriosis stage I/II and endometriosis stage III/IV. Results: A total of 441 oocytes were analyzed, 254 oocytes form the control group and 187 from the endometriosis one (115 from endometriosis stage I/II and 72 from endometriosis stage III/IV). No significant differences between the percentage of metaphase II with visible and non-visible meiotic spindle were found (88,6%, 91,3%, and 88,2%, in the control, endometriosis I/II and endometriosis III/IV groups, respectively). Among the apparently matured oocytes, we have observed a significant increase of oocytes on telophase I on the endometriosis III/IV group (5,6%) when compared with the endometriosis I/II group (0%). We have observed a tendency to fewer fertilization rates from the injected oocytes on telophase I when compared with the ones on metaphase II, on the control group (p=0,08), endometriosis (p=0,05) and endometriosis III/IV group (p=0,09). When we compared oocytes with and without visible meiotic spindle, we found no significant difference on ICSI outcomes among the studied groups. Conclusions: We have found no significant difference among the studied groups regarding the visualization and localization of the meiotic spindle from in vivo matured oocytes with a visible first polar body. However, we have observed a significant increase on the number of oocytes on telophase I from patients with moderate and severe endometriosis, suggesting a delay or an impairment in the completion of meiosis I. Since the injected oocytes on telophase I present a worse fertilization rates than the ones injected on metaphase II, this finding could explain the impairment on the outcomes of ART in infertile women with moderate and severe endometriosis, besides it could be used as a prognosis tool after ICSI procedures.
Books on the topic "Cyclic Polarization"
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Balkin, Jack M. The Cycles of Constitutional Time. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530993.001.0001.
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The constitutional system in the United States evolves through the interplay between three cycles: the rise and fall of dominant political parties, the waxing and waning of political polarization, and alternating episodes of constitutional rot and constitutional renewal. American politics seem especially fraught today because we are nearing the end of the Republican Party’s long political dominance, at the height of a long cycle of political polarization, and suffering from an advanced case of constitutional rot. Constitutional rot is the historical process through which republics become increasingly less representative and less devoted to the common good. Caused by increasing economic inequality and loss of trust, constitutional rot seriously threatens the constitutional system. But the United States has been through these cycles before, and will get through them again. The country is in a Second Gilded Age, slowly moving toward a Second Progressive Era, during which polarization will eventually recede. The same cycles shape the work of the federal courts and theories about constitutional interpretation. They explain why political parties have switched sides on judicial review not once but twice in the twentieth century. Polarization and constitutional rot alter the political supports for judicial review, make fights over judicial appointments especially bitter, and encourage constitutional hardball. The Constitution ordinarily relies on the judiciary to protect democracy and to prevent political corruption and self-entrenching behavior. But when constitutional rot is advanced, the Supreme Court is likely to be ineffective and may even make matters worse. Courts cannot save the country from constitutional rot; only political mobilization can.
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Voisin, Claire. Review of Hodge theory and algebraic cycles. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691160504.003.0002.
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This chapter provides the background for the studies to be undertaken in succeeding chapters. It reviews Chow groups, correspondences and motives on the purely algebraic side, cycle classes, and (mixed) Hodge structures on the algebraic–topological side. Emphasis is placed on the notion of coniveau and the generalized Hodge conjecture which states the equality of geometric and Hodge coniveau. The chapter first follows the construction of Chow groups, the application of the localization exact sequence, the functoriality and motives of Chow groups, and cycle classes. It then turns to Hodge structures; pursuing related topics such as polarization, Hodge classes, standard conjectures, mixed Hodge structures, and Hodge coniveau.
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Tarrow, Sidney. Rhythms of Resistance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886172.003.0010.
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In the current alignment in American politics, polarization sharply divides Americans. But party loyalties are permeable to change; movement loyalties, in contrast, are impervious to political currents. This chapter regards Trumpism as such a movement, and the Resistance as the countermovement it has triggered. This gives the Resistance both the advantage of having Trump as a focal point but the cost of his unpredictability and volatility. The chapter employs the concept of “cycles of contention” to understand this conjuncture. Its outcomes depend less on the initial shock than on three important mechanisms that it has triggered—the amplification of initial cleavages, the spillover from one sector of conflict to others, and a shift in scale both upward to the national level and downward to states and localities. These mechanisms have expanded the cycle but have also created rifts in the Resistance.
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Panagopoulos, Costas. Bases Loaded. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197533062.001.0001.
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Over the past few decades, a fundamental shift in political campaign strategy has been afoot in U.S. elections: Political campaigns have been gradually shifting their attention away from swing voters toward their respective, partisan bases. Independents and weak partisans have been targeted with less frequency, and the emphasis in contemporary elections has been on strong partisans. This book documents this shift—away from persuasion toward base mobilization—in the context of U.S. presidential elections and explains that this phenomenon is likely linked to several developments, including advances in campaign technology and voter-targeting capabilities as well as insights from behavioral social science focusing on voter mobilization. The analyses show the 2000 presidential election represents a watershed cycle that punctuated this shift. The book also explores the implications of the shift toward base mobilization and links these developments to growing turnout rates for strong partisans and attenuating participation among independents or swing voters over time. The book concludes these patterns have contributed to heightened partisan polarization in the United States.
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Bergman, Torbjörn, Hanna Back, and Johan Hellström, eds. Coalition Governance in Western Europe. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.001.0001.
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Coalition government is the most frequent form of government in Western Europe, but there is relatively little systematic knowledge about how this form of government has developed in recent decades. This volume analyses governments that have formed in the Western European countries since the Second World War and covers the full life cycle of coalition governments from the formation of party alliances before elections to coalition formation after elections, governing and policy-making when parties work together in office, and the stages that eventually lead to governments terminating. Since the early 1990s, many coalition governments form in a context of increased fragmentation of party systems, increased polarization, and the rise of populist parties. The volume captures these changes and examines their implications for the different stages of the coalition life cycle. A particular emphasis of the volume is on the study of how coalitions govern together even when they have different agendas. Do individual ministers decide, or the prime minister, or are the policy outputs of a government a result of a process of coalition compromise? Focusing on the coalition governance stage, we analyse the variation in the use of various control mechanisms across countries, for example showing that many coalition governments draft extensive contracts to control their partners in cabinet. The volume covers 16 West European countries and introduces the case of Croatia. Systematic cross-national data is available in an online appendix.
Book chapters on the topic "Cyclic Polarization"
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McDavid, D. "Cyclic Polarization Variability of Bright O Stars." In ESO Astrophysics Symposia, 108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68597-5_19.
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Major, Balázs, Miguel A. Porras, Attila P. Kovács, and Zoltán L. Horváth. "The Influence of Generalized Focusing on Polarization-Shaped Few-Cycle Pulsed Beams." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 813–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13242-6_199.
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Liu, Peng, Ruxin Li, and Zhizhan Xu. "THz Waveforms and Polarization from Laser Induced Plasmas by Few-Cycle Pulses." In Laser Filamentation, 97–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23084-9_4.
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Balkin, Jack M. "The Cycle of Polarization." In The Cycles of Constitutional Time, 30–37. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530993.003.0003.
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American politics features very long cycles of polarization and depolarization between the political parties. Politics polarized around the Civil War and remained polarized until the end of the Gilded Age. Then began a long period of depolarization. Polarization started increasing once again in the middle of the twentieth century, and we are now at the peak of the current cycle. Polarization is a characteristic feature of the Reagan regime. Although Republican politicians used strategies of polarization to gain power, polarization made it increasingly difficult for them to govern, and will eventually lead to the regime’s undoing.
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Balkin, Jack M. "How Cycles of Polarization and Depolarization Shape the Exercise of Judicial Review." In The Cycles of Constitutional Time, 112–34. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530993.003.0009.
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The cycle of polarization and depolarization affects the political supports for judicial review. When politics is depolarized, politicians tend to let judges handle basic constitutional questions so that politicians can fight over the spoils of everyday politics. Judicial review tends to enforce the values of national political elites, especially against state and local governments. When the country is polarized, however, elite consensus evaporates. Political elites disagree about everything, so judicial review cannot do the same work. Instead, judicial review allows polarized political elites to win victories they can no longer win in the political process. As legislative politics becomes mired in polarization, the judiciary becomes an ever more important venue for achieving policy victories. This increases the urgency and bitterness of partisan fights over judicial appointments. Strong polarization encourages the parties to engage in constitutional hardball to secure ideologically aligned judges and prevent the other party from appointing judges.
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Balkin, Jack M. "The Recent Unpleasantness." In The Cycles of Constitutional Time, 3–11. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530993.003.0001.
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American politics appears dysfunctional because the country is going through a very difficult transition. Understanding politics in terms of recurring cycles can offer some hope in troubled times. There are three cycles at work: a cycle of the rise and fall of political regimes; a cycle of polarization and depolarization; and a cycle of constitutional rot and renewal. The United States is facing similar challenges as other constitutional democracies, but the US party system, institutional history, and constitutional structures affect the way that our politics processes these challenges. Hence there is reason for a guarded optimism. We are at the end of our Second Gilded Age, which will give way to a Second Progressive Era. Even in our bitterly polarized world, we can already see signs of how American politics will eventually depolarize, creating new opportunities for cross-party collaboration.
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Forgette, Richard, and Marvin King. "Electoral Cycles in Racial Polarization and the 2006Senate Elections." In Beyond the Boundaries, 111–22. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351313926-8.
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Grubb, Amy E. "The Impact of Civil Action on Levels of Violence." In Civil Action and the Dynamics of Violence, 123–46. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056896.003.0005.
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This study explores the impact of civil action in two communities with different levels of violence during the 1971–1976 period in Northern Ireland’s Troubles. This chapter argues that although members of the police, military, Irish Republican Army (IRA), and loyalist paramilitaries perpetrated violence, the degree of civil action in interactions between these groups and civil rights protesters, counterprotesters, politicians, and community members impacted the trajectory and level of violence within communities. In the Dungannon district, uncivil action in the form of the police colluding with loyalist counterprotesters exacerbated local polarization and subsequent republican and loyalist radicalization. A retaliatory cycle of IRA and loyalist violence began that institutionalized a sectarian, community-wide conflict as paramilitaries targeted civilians based on identity and many residents, particularly Catholics, refused to support police and military security efforts given their fear of state collusion, inadvertently benefiting the paramilitaries. Conversely, the Omagh district experienced more civil action on the part of police, protesters, and counterprotesters, which limited polarization and led to more outwardly oriented republican radicalization and minimal loyalist radicalization, containing violence. Overall, these cases suggest that examining on-the-ground interactions during the process of violence is necessary to explain civil action’s impact on the trajectory and intensity of violence within a community and within the larger intrastate conflict.
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Enders, Adam M., and Steven M. Smallpage. "Polls, Plots, and Party Politics." In Conspiracy Theories and the People Who Believe Them, 298–318. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0020.
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Conspiracy theories have always been fixtures of American politics and culture. Indeed, conspiracy theories have been used to explain major events from national tragedies, terrorist attacks, and mass violence to national accomplishments, election outcomes, and power structures. Rather than the incoherent ramblings of a “crazy” few, a majority of Americans endorse at least one conspiracy theory. Conspiracy theories also have an important political component: Where members of both parties engage in conspiratorial thinking, the actual conspiracy theories endorsed by Democrats and Republicans, liberals and conservatives are very different, and oftentimes used to achieve political goals. Finally, conspiracy theories have consequences including declining trust in government, the exacerbation of social polarization, and the proliferation of the politics of disruption that have characterized recent electoral cycles.
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Kurashige, Lon. "First Downpour." In Two Faces of Exclusion. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629438.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the first policy to restrict Chinese immigration to the United States by tracing its background in broad political transformations during the Gilded Age, including the end of Reconstruction, rapid industrialization, and swings in the business cycle. It provides a close analysis of congressional voting patterns during two Congresses that approved bills to restrict Chinese labor immigrants, the first (passed in 1879) was vetoed by the president, while the second (passed in 1882) became the law of the land. The debate over both policies revealed the polarization of views in Congress and the broader society about the Chinese. The return of the Democrats to power and the Midwestern revolt against big businesses (often identified with the Republicans) combined with racial prejudice to win support for the restriction of Chinese workers.
Conference papers on the topic "Cyclic Polarization"
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Wang, Lijuan, Liren Liu, Jianfeng Sun, Yu Zhou, Enwen Dai, and Yapeng Wu. "Polarization phase-shifting cyclic Jamin shearing interferometer." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Alexander M. J. van Eijk, Christopher C. Davis, Stephen M. Hammel, and Arun K. Majumdar. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.928399.
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van Dijk, Thomas, Hugo F. Schouten, Wim Ubachs, and Taco D. Visser. "The Pancharatnam-Berry Phase for Non-Cyclic Polarization Changes." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2011.fthj4.
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Chakraborty, Sonali, and K. Bhattacharya. "Edge enhancement of phase objects using a cyclic-path polarization interferometer." In International Conference on Optics & Photonics 2015, edited by Kallol Bhattacharya. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2181619.
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Lee, Najae, Dae Won Ji, Sang-joo Kim, and Yong Soo Kim. "Evolution of Linear Moduli and Nonlinear Responses of a PZT Wafer Under Electric Field at Room and High Temperatures." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8012.
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A poled PZT wafer is subject to electric field loading of pulse type whose magnitude is increasing and then decreasing during a complete cycle of polarization reversal at four room and high temperatures. The PZT wafer is also subject to pure temperature increase from 20 to 110 Celsius degree at various initial states. During the two experiments, electric displacement and in-plane strain are measured. From the measured data, piezoelectric coefficient, permittivity, pyroelectric coefficient, and thermal expansion coefficient are evaluated and their distribution over remnant polarization and temperature is discussed. The dependency of linear moduli on temperature and remnant polarization is used to calculate reference remnant polarization and reference remnant in-plane strain responses to cyclic electric field loading at four different temperatures.
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Tsujimoto, T., A. Moriwaki, M. Fujii, M. Okano, and S. Watanabe. "Optical Response Change of Black Rubbers under Cyclic Deformation Investigated by Terahertz Polarization Spectroscopy." In 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2018.8510088.
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Fang, B. Y., J. Q. Wang, E. H. Han, Z. Y. Zhu, and W. Ke. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of X70 Pipeline Steel in Near-Neutral pH Soil Solution." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0124.
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Stress corrosion cracking behavior of X70 pipeline steel was studied using slow strain rate tests (SSRT) and cyclic loading at high R and low frequency in a nearneutral pH soil solution saturated with 5% CO2+95% N2. The soil was from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region where the Chinese West-East natural gas transmission pipeline started. Electrochemical tests including a potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) were also conducted in order to analyze the effect of the concentration of bicarbonate, bubbled gas and the addition of chloride ion on the polarization behaviors. The results of SSRT showed that transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC) occurred in Xinjiang soil solution. Crack initiation was associated with pitting, inclusion and streamline of rolling. The susceptibility to SCC increased with the decrease of the applied electrochemical potential and strain rate. Cyclic loading tests with smooth specimens showed that some cracks initiated after certain cycles and cracking mode was transgranular. Under the cyclic loading of high R and low frequency, the crack propagation rate (CPR) of precracked specimens did not increase at some region of stress intensity factor range (ΔK), which showed that the crack propagation process was dominated by SCC. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that the polarization behaviors were influenced greatly by the concentration of bicarbonate, bubbled gas and the addition of chloride ion. Low concentration of chloride ion in bicarbonate could cause the elimination of passivity and SCC behavior to that in near-neutral pH soil solution.
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Tsang, Ying Hang, Tim Garza, Chelsea Ann Burger, Dwight Neptune, Carlos M. Menendez, Paul Stead, and Marc Lehmann. "Localized Corrosion Testings of Stainless Steel in Low-Dose Hydrate Inhibitor by Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization." In OTC Brasil. Offshore Technology Conference, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/22539-ms.
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Ishikawa, Nobuyuki, Mitsuo Kimura, Hitoshi Asahi, Mitsuru Sawamura, Tomohiko Omura, and Hirofumi Kishikawa. "Near Neutral pH SCC of Grade X80 Linepipe Steels Under Cyclic Loading." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64281.
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Susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Grade X80 linepipe steels, which were produced by recent TMCP (Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Processing) technique, controlled rolling (CR) followed by accelerated cooling process (ACC), in near neutral pH conditions was investigated, and cracking behavior was compared with conventional Grade X65 linepipe. Longitudinal strip specimens with small surface notches were cyclically loaded in the NS4 solution with cathodic polarization of −1000mV vs. SCE. No significant difference in susceptibility to SCC was found between Grades X80 and X65 linepipes, both produced by TMCP process, even under higher stress condition for X80 linepipe steel. Hydrogen permeation test reviled the strong effect of hydrogen for the cracking under the SCC test condition. Transgranular cracking and quasi-cleavage fracture were observed as an evidence of the effect of both corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement on near neutral pH SCC.
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Evans, Kenneth J., S. Daniel Day, Gabriel O. Ilevbare, Michael T. Whalen, Kenneth J. King, Gary A. Hust, Lana L. Wong, John C. Estill, and Rau´l B. Rebak. "Anodic Behavior of Alloy 22 in Calcium Chloride and in Calcium Chloride Plus Calcium Nitrate Brines." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2140.
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Alloy 22 (UNS N60622) is a nickel-based alloy, which is extensively used in aggressive industrial applications, especially due to its resistance to localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in high chloride environments. The purpose of this work was to characterize the anodic behavior of Alloy 22 in concentrated calcium chloride (CaCl2) brines and to evaluate the inhibitive effect of nitrate, especially to localized corrosion. Standard electrochemical tests such as polarization resistance and cyclic polarization were used. Results show that the corrosion potential of Alloy 22 was approximately −360 mV in the silver-silver chloride (SSC) scale and independent of the tested temperature. Cyclic polarization tests showed that Alloy 22 was mainly susceptible to localized attack in 5 M CaCl2 at 75°C and higher temperatures. The addition of nitrate in a molar ratio of chloride to nitrate equal to 10 increased the onset of localized corrosion to approximately 105°C. The addition of nitrate to the solution also decreased the uniform corrosion rate and the passive current of the alloy.
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Bernal, Ashley, Valiyaparambil Chacko Pretheesh Kumar, Angarai R. Ganesan, and Charles Joenathan. "Effect of visibility of the fringes on the tilt measurement using a cyclic interferometer and polarization phase shifting." In Optical Fabrication, Testing, and Metrology VI, edited by Sven Schröder and Roland Geyl. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2311303.
Full textReports on the topic "Cyclic Polarization"
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LaMothe, Margaret E. Repetitive Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization Scan Results for Reduced Sample Volume Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1241885.
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Wiersma, B. Cyclic Polarization Behavior of ASTM A537-Cl.1 Steel in the Vapor Space Above Simulated Waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890164.
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Foote, Christopher, and Richard Ryan. Labor Market Polarization Over the Business Cycle. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21030.
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