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Journal articles on the topic 'Cyclic Polarization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Haanappel, V. A. C., and M. F. Stroosnijder. "Influence of Mechanical Deformation on the Corrosion Behavior of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Obtained from Cooking Utensils." Corrosion 57, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3290382.

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Abstract The corrosion properties of an AISI 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel food-service utensil were investigated by linear polarization, Tafel plots, and cyclic polarization, performed in a sodium chloride (NaCl)/water solution at 20°C. Different surface area zones of the utensil were distinguished by differences in the amount of residual stress incorporated as a result of cold work. Large differences in corrosion current density and pit formation after cyclic polarization measurements, and as a consequence, in corrosion rates were found between zones with different degrees of deformation. In general, an increasing degree of deformation resulted in a decrease in the corrosion current density, whereas after cyclic polarization the number of pits increased. However, crevice corrosion was always observed after cyclic polarization measurements.

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2

Huang, Wei, Yan Zhang, and J. Richard Sportsman. "A Fluorescence Polarization Assay for Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 7, no. 3 (June 2002): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705710200700305.

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Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of the 3′-ester bond of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), important second messengers in the transduction of a variety of extracellular signals. There is growing interest in the study of PDEs as drug targets for novel therapeutics. We describe the development of a homogeneous fluorescence polarization assay for PDEs based on the strong binding of PDE reaction products (i.e., AMP or GMP) onto modified nanoparticles through interactions with immobilized trivalent metal cations. This assay technology (IMAP) is applicable to both cAMP- and cGMP-specific PDEs. Results of the assay in 384- and 1536-well microplates are presented.

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3

Diver, D. A., E. W. Laing, and C. C. Sellar. "On waves in spatially cyclic equilibria." Journal of Plasma Physics 43, no. 1 (February 1990): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800014641.

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4

Khoma, M. S. "Polarization characteristics of stainless steels under cyclic loading." Materials Science 33, no. 6 (November 1997): 862–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02355569.

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5

Saraswathy, V., S. Muralidharan, L. Balamurugan, P. Kathirvel, and A. S. S. Sekar. "Evaluation of composite cements using cyclic polarization techniques." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 8 (November 2011): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-1375-6.

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6

WEINFURTER, HARALD, and GERALD BADUREK. "THE NON-CYCLIC BERRY PHASE." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 28 (November 10, 1990): 2291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390002626.

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By analyzing the change of the polarization of a thermal neutron beam on its passage through a magnetic field rotating at various speeds, it is demonstrated that geometric phase shifts of quantum states first introduced by Berry can be observed also for non-cyclic incomplete evolutions in parameter space.

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7

Nedvetsky, Pavel I., Sang-Ho Kwon, Jayanta Debnath, and Keith E. Mostov. "Cyclic AMP regulates formation of mammary epithelial acini in vitro." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 15 (August 2012): 2973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-02-0078.

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Epithelial cells form tubular and acinar structures notable for a hollow lumen. In three-dimensional culture utilizing MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, acini form due to integrin-dependent polarization and survival of cells contacting extracellular matrix (ECM), and the apoptosis of inner cells of acini lacking contact with the ECM. In this paper, we report that cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) promotes acinus formation via two mechanisms. First, cAMP accelerates redistribution of α6-integrin to the periphery of the acinus and thus facilitates the polarization of outer acinar cells. Blocking of α6-integrin function by inhibitory antibody prevents cAMP-dependent polarization. Second, cAMP promotes the death of inner cells occupying the lumen. In the absence of cAMP, apoptosis is delayed, resulting in perturbed luminal clearance. cAMP-dependent apoptosis is accompanied by a posttranscriptional PKA-dependent increase in the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death. These data demonstrate that cAMP regulates lumen formation in mammary epithelial cells in vitro, both through acceleration of polarization of outer cells and apoptosis of inner cells of the acinus.

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8

Shi, Yi Ran, Yan Tao Tian, Lan Xiang Zhu, and Li Fei Deng. "Cyclic Relation Method for DOA and Polarization Parameters Estimation of Arbitrary Polarized Array." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 2330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.2330.

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Focus on the estimation for DOA and polarization parameters of electromagnetic sensor array, this paper proposes the method that uses cyclic relation function to substitute for covariance matrix. Because cyclic statistic is less sensitive to stable noise and any cyclic stable noise with different cyclic frequency, the method proposed is immune to any stable color noise. This method use minimum norm method to solve the spectrum function. So this method can restrict the effect of the cyclic relation matrix estimating error. Computer simulation experiments prove the performance of this method.

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9

Italiano, Ana Elisa Vilicev, Daniela Vieira Amantéa, Fernando Santos da Silva, Leandro Fernandes, Márcio Luiz dos Santos, and Luís Geraldo Vaz. "Corrosion characterization of the experimental alloy Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta by electrochemical techniques." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): e40610615861. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15861.

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the experimental alloy Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta, modified by laser beam, in a physiological solution of 0.9% NaCl. This evaluation was carried out by open circuit potential analysis (EOCP), potentiodynamic polarization curves and cyclic polarization curves. The open circuit potential curves show the specimen irradiated by laser beam at 35 Hz presented a more stable and corrosion resistant surface. It was observed in the polarization curves, low current densities in the order of nA /cm2, for all specimen indicating an expected passive behavior for the investigated alloy. The cyclic polarization curves show that for specimen treated with laser, the potential for repassivation (Er) is greater in relation to the potential for corrosion (Ecorr), which indicates greater resistance to corrosion of metal alloys when treated with laser.

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10

Matsuhashi, Ryo, Kiyomi Nose, Kazumi Matsuoka, and Haruhiko Kajimura. "Dynamical Observation of Crevice Corrosion during Cyclic Polarization Test." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 65, no. 12 (2016): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.65.498.

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11

Chakraborty, Sonali, and K. Bhattacharya. "Low-level birefringence measurement by cyclic-path polarization interferometer." Applied Optics 55, no. 21 (July 14, 2016): 5634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.005634.

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12

Chakraborty, Sonali, and K. Bhattacharya. "Real-time edge detection by cyclic-path polarization interferometer." Applied Optics 53, no. 4 (January 30, 2014): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.000727.

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13

Visser, Taco D., Thomas van Dijk, Hugo F. Schouten, and Wim Ubachs. "The Pancharatnam-Berry phase for non-cyclic polarization changes." Optics Express 18, no. 10 (May 10, 2010): 10796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.010796.

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14

Kunze, C., and R. Kimmich. "Proton-detected 13C imaging using cyclic J cross polarization." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12, no. 5 (January 1994): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(94)92205-5.

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15

Kamran, Muhammad, F. Hussain, R. Ahmad, Tahir Ahmad, and Fahad Riaz. "Investigating the Pitting Resistance of 316 Stainless Steel in Ringer's Solution Using the Cyclic Polarization Technique." Defect and Diffusion Forum 344 (October 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.344.1.

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Corrosion rate, corrosion potential and susceptibility to pitting corrosion of a metal are measured using cyclic polarization Direct Current (DC) electrochemical technique. The aim of the present research is to investigate the pit nucleation resistance of polished, ground and passivated surfaces of 316 stainless steels in Ringers solution. The electrochemical cyclic polarization results showed that polished surface gave better pitting resistance as compared to ground surface. It was also observed that passivation treatment gave better pitting resistance to both polished and ground surface of 316 stainless steels in Ringers solution.

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16

He, Xiang Zhu, Wen Jun Zhang, and Yong Xiu Wang. "Electrodepositon and Properties of Ni-Diamond Composite Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 702 (May 2013): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.176.

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Ni-diamond composite coatings are conducted by electrodepositon. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the composite coatings were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the mechanism of Ni-diamond co-deposition is conducted by catholic polarization and cyclic voltammetry method. The result reveals that diamond particles are successfully embed in Ni matrix and the coatings have an amorphous structure. Cyclic voltammetry indicate that nickel deposition process is an irreversible electrode reaction and cathode polarization curve shift towards positive with the increase of scan rates. Cathodic polarization curve shows that reduction potential of nickel to shift to more negatives with the addition of complexing agent and the slope of the polarization curve is decrease; The addition of brightener and dispersant hinder the deposition of Ni2+ and promote the growth of crystal nucleus; The join of wetting agents and diamond particles have no big influence on the deposition of nickel.

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17

Romero, Javier A., Krzysztof Kazimierczuk, and Dariusz Gołowicz. "Enhancing benchtop NMR spectroscopy by means of sample shifting." Analyst 145, no. 22 (2020): 7406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an01556c.

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18

Kong Meimei, 孔梅梅, 高志山 Gao Zhishan, 陈磊 Chen Lei, and 徐春生 Xu Chunsheng. "Cyclic Radial Shearing Interferometry Based on Polarization Phase-Shifting Technique." Acta Optica Sinica 30, no. 1 (2010): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20103001.0127.

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19

Dvinskikh, S. V., G. Buntkowsky, K. M. Salikhov, and H. M. Vieth. "Low and zero field stimulated nuclear polarization in cyclic ketones." Chemical Physics Letters 268, no. 5-6 (April 1997): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00119-x.

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20

Lynch, C. S., L. Chen, Z. Suo, R. M. Mcmeeking, and W. Yang. "Crack Growth in Ferroelectric Ceramics Driven by Cyclic Polarization Switching." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 6, no. 2 (March 1995): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x9500600206.

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21

Sarkar, S., N. Ghosh, S. Chakraborty, and K. Bhattacharya. "Self-referenced rectangular path cyclic interferometer with polarization phase shifting." Applied Optics 51, no. 1 (December 23, 2011): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.51.000126.

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22

Morrison, M. L., R. A. Buchanan, A. Peker, W. H. Peter, J. A. Horton, and P. K. Liaw. "Cyclic-anodic-polarization studies of a Zr41.2Ti13.8Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 bulk metallic glass." Intermetallics 12, no. 10-11 (October 2004): 1177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.005.

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23

Huang, Zhen-Xing, Haitao Wang, Yan-Ming Wang, and Yue Wang. "Novel Mechanism Coupling Cyclic AMP-Protein Kinase A Signaling and Golgi Trafficking via Gyp1 Phosphorylation in Polarized Growth." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 12 (October 17, 2014): 1548–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00231-14.

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ABSTRACT The cyclic AMP (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling activates virulence expression during hyphal development in the fungal human pathogen Candida albicans . The hyphal growth is characterized by Golgi polarization toward the hyphal tips, which is thought to enhance directional vesicle transport. However, how the hypha-induction signal regulates Golgi polarization is unknown. Gyp1, a Golgi-associated protein and the first GTPase-activating protein (GAP) in the Rab GAP cascade, critically regulates membrane trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Here, we report a novel pathway by which the cAMP-PKA signaling triggers Golgi polarization during hyphal growth. We demonstrate that Gyp1 plays a crucial role in actin-dependent Golgi polarization. Hyphal induction activates PKA, which in turn phosphorylates Gyp1. Phosphomimetic mutation of four PKA sites identified by mass spectrometry (Gyp1 4E ) caused strong Gyp1 polarization to hyphal tips, whereas nonphosphorylatable mutations (Gyp1 4A ) abolished it. Gyp1 4E exhibited enhanced association with the actin motor Myo2, while Gyp1 4A showed the opposite effect, providing a possible mechanism for Golgi polarization. A GAP-dead Gyp1 (Gyp1 R292K ) showed strong polarization similar to that seen with Gyp1 4E , indicating a role for the GAP activity. Mutating the PKA sites on Gyp1 also impaired the recruitment of a late Golgi marker, Sec7. Furthermore, proper PKA phosphorylation and GAP activity of Gyp1 are required for virulence in mice. We propose that the cAMP-PKA signaling directly targets Gyp1 to promote Golgi polarization in the yeast-to-hypha transition, an event crucial for C. albicans infection.

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24

Wrackmeyer, Bernd, Roland Köster, and Günter Seidel. "Notizen: Tricarbonyliron Complexes - Observation of 13C(CO) NMR Signals via Polarization Transfer." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0726.

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Improvements in the detection of 13C(CO) resonances by using polarization transfer techniques, based on long-range coupling constants nJ(13C(CO)1H) = 1 ±0.1 Hz (n > 3), are reported. Coupling constants between 13C(CO) and other rare spin-1/2 nuclei have been observed, and longrange 13C(CO)-1H coupling have been traced by two-dimensional (2D ) 13C/1H heteronuclear shift correlations (HETCOR). Seven tricarbonyliron complexes 1 to 5 serve as examples in which the [Fe(CO)3] fragment is linked to cyclic dienes (siloles: 1a, b; 1,1′-spirobisilole: 2), and to cyclic heterodienes derived from substituted 2,5-dihydro- 2,5-silaboroles [1-aza (3a, b); 1-thia (4); 1-selena (5)]. In the case of complex 5, it was possible to resolve the 77Se satellites with 2J( 77Se13C(CO )) = 4.4 Hz. In 2D 13C (CO )/1H HETCOR experiments it was shown that polarization transfer originates mainly from C-methyl groups [4J( 13C(CO)/1H (M ))], adjacent to the “terminal” carbon atom(s) of the cyclic diene or heterodiene system which are linked to the [Fe(CO)3] fragment.

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25

Wang, Changhong, Shenghai Yang, Yongming Chen, Biao Wang, Jing He, and Chaobo Tang. "Effect of bromide ions on the corrosion behavior of hafnium in anhydrous ethanol." RSC Advances 5, no. 44 (2015): 34580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02233a.

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The electrochemical behaviors of hafnium (Hf) in Et₄NBr ethanol solutions were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic polarization, chronoamperometry, impedance and SEM techniques.

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26

Yoo, Yun Ha, and Jung Gu Kim. "Aqueous Corrosion Characteristics of Iron Aluminides." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.23.

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Aqueous corrosion behaviors of Fe3Al-based iron aluminides were investigated. From the result of cyclic anodic polarization tests conducted in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at 25, 48, 72 and 95°C, as the temperature increased, the resistance to pitting corrosion decreased significantly, especially over the range of 25~48°C. From the result of crevice corrosion tests, no crevice corrosion occurred on FAL-Mo in the lower chloride-containing solution (200 ppm Cl-), however, FAL-Mo did not perform as well as the 304L SS in the higher chloride-containing solution (3.5 wt.% NaCl). From the result of anodic polarization tests performed in sulfur-compound solutions, additions of Cr and Mo to the Fe3Al-based iron aluminides tend to improve the aqueous corrosion resistance. Aqueous corrosion behaviors with different Al content evaluated by cyclic anodic polarization test in the chloride-containing solution exhibited the more stable passive behavior and the higher pitting resistance as Al contents increased.

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27

Claridge, Robert P., Ross W. Millar, and John H. Ridd. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1999): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-055.

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The reaction of diallyl ether with nitrogen dioxide in organic solvents yields a mixture of cis and trans 2,3-bis(nitromethyl)tetrahydrofurans, cis and trans 2-nitratomethyl-3-nitromethyltetrahydrofurans and a number of straight-chain compounds with one to four nitro groups. Under the conditions used, the cyclic compounds form the main products when the solution of nitrogen dioxide is slowly added to the solution of diallyl ether but not when the reverse mode of addition is used. When 15N-nitrogen dioxide is used, the products show strong 15N nuclear polarization: the 2,3-di(nitromethyl)tetrahydrofurans give an emission signal, and one straight-chain product with two nonequivalent nitro groups shows both an emission signal and an enhanced absorption signal. For both the cyclic and straight-chain products, the nuclear polarization is consistent with the successive reactions of diallyl ether with two nitrogen dioxide radicals with uncorrelated spins.Key words: diallyl ether, nitrogen dioxide, 15N nuclear polarization, CIDNP.

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28

Benea, Lidia, and Nicoleta Simionescu. "Effect of Biological Solution and pH on Corrosion Resistance of 304L SS for Dental Brackets." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.4.8056.

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This study is undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of corrosion resistance of commercially available 304L stainless steel in biological solutions with different composition and pH. Electrochemical methods such as: open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization curves (PD), linear polarization resistance (Rp) and cyclic polarization (CV) were used for corrosion investigations. The results show different behavior during corrosion tests in the solutions with different pH, different content of chlorides and different oxidizing character. Highest instability is revealed for 304L stainless steel in Hank`s solution due to the presence of chloride aggressive ions.

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29

Tsouli, Sofia, Angeliki G. Lekatou, Evangelos Siozos, and Spyridon Kleftakis. "Accelerated corrosion performance of AISI 316L stainless steel concrete reinforcement used in restoration works of ancient monuments." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818803003.

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The accelerated corrosion performance of AISI type 316L stainless steel rebars in solutions simulating concrete exposed to various environments was studied by means of cyclic polarization, before and after a four month salt spray test. B500A structural steel rebars were also tested for comparison reasons. Although 316L showed some susceptibility to localized corrosion during polarization in saturated Ca(OH)2containing 3.5 wt.% NaCl, four months of salt spraying did not significantly affect its polarization behavior. Salt spraying for 4 m did not have any significant effect on the macrostructural state of 316L reinforced concrete.

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30

Han, Wei, Wenlong Li, Jiazhuang Chen, Mei Li, Zhuyao Li, Yongchang Dong, and Milin Zhang. "Electrochemical properties of yttrium on W and Pb electrodes in LiCl–KCl eutectic melts." RSC Advances 9, no. 46 (2019): 26718–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05496k.

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Cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, linear polarization, chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry were performed to investigate the electrochemical properties of Y(iii) on W and Pb electrodes in LiCl–KCl eutectic melts.

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31

Karajagi, Imran, K. Ramya, P. C. Ghosh, A. Sarkar, and N. Rajalakshmi. "Co-doped carbon materials synthesized with polymeric precursors as bifunctional electrocatalysts." RSC Advances 10, no. 59 (2020): 35966–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07100e.

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Metal free bifunctional catalysts based on co-doped carbon materials synthesized from polymeric precursors via a simple pyrolysis route with high cyclic stability and low polarization for Zn–air batteries.

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32

SUGAHARA, MASANORI, JUN ASAI, and MASASI FUKUTOMI. "EXPERIMENT OF DIELECTRIC QUANTUM INTERFERENCE IN LOW-DOPED c-ORIENTED LaSrCuO FILM CRYSTAL." Modern Physics Letters B 16, no. 10n11 (May 10, 2002): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984902003828.

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An experiment is made on the dielectric property of c-oriented low-doped La 2 - x Sr x CuO 4 thin film crystal. The film-thickness dependence of the electric polarization of the low-doped films shows a logarithmically cyclic positive and negative polarization change at "anomalous thicknesses" of the film. Interference patterns are observed around the anomalous thicknesses in the polarization-charge dependence of the ‖ c film "capacitance" by the measurement of the stored charge in equilibrium under step voltage application. These results are well explained based on the model of the quantum- Hall-effect-like state in the accumulated 2D planes.

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33

Nam, Truong Thi, Le Ba Thang, Le Duc Bao, and Nguyen Van Khuong. "Effects of number of substituents and molecular weight of polyamines on the non-cyanide alkaline zinc plating process." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 59, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/59/1/15452.

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The effects of the number of substituents and molecular weight of polyamines in the non-cyanide alkaline plating bath on the morphology, brightness and bright ranges of zinc electrodeposited coating and cathodic polarization, cyclic voltammogram on the non-cyanide alkaline zinc plating process were investigated. Cathodic polarization measurements showed that the polyamines all increased cathodic polarization of the plating process and shifted the zinc reduced potential to a more negative direction. However, cycle voltammogram curves of the 5 continuous cycles shows that the quaternary polyamine Q7-20 has a more stable adsorption and desorption processes than the secondary polyamine Bt18 has.

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Xu, Yu Ye, and Bi Lan Lin. "Corrosion Behavior of HRB400 Reinforcing Steel Using Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization Technique." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.207.

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HRB400 reinforcing steel due to high strength and high ductibility is as the main reinforcing steel in “Code for design of concrete structures (GB50010-2002)” in China. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization technique was used to investigate the electrochemical corrosion bebavior of HRB400 reinforcing steel in Simulated Concrete Pore solutions (SCP solutions) differently contaminated by bicarbonate ions and/or chloride ions. The evolution feature of the corrosion parameters was analyzed and was compared with that of HPB235 reinforcing steel. The results show that the corrosion characteristics of HRB400 and HPB235 were exceedingly similar before the destruction of the passivation film. However, HRB400 is remarkedly more susceptible to chloride ions and carbonation than HPB235 during the failure of the passivation films. The pH threshold for HRB400 is larger than that for HPB235, and the chlorides threshold for the former is smaller than that of the latter. When HRB400 and HPB235 were connected and exposed to an aggressive environment, the galvanic corrosion will occur where HRB400 is anode and HPB235 is cathode. To ensure the durability of the reinforcing concrete structures, it is necessary to make the connection points insulate.

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35

Kozhina, G. A., A. N. Ermakov, V. B. Fetisov, and A. V. Fetisov. "Anomalous currents under cyclic polarization of magnetite electrode in acidic medium." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 48, no. 5 (May 2012): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1023193512050072.

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36

Pavan Kumar, Y., Sanjib Chatterjee, and Sarvendra Singh Negi. "Small roll angle measurement using lateral shearing cyclic path polarization interferometry." Applied Optics 55, no. 5 (February 5, 2016): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.000979.

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37

van Dijk, Thomas, Hugo F. Schouten, and Taco D. Visser. "Geometric interpretation of the Pancharatnam connection and non-cyclic polarization changes." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 27, no. 9 (August 12, 2010): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.27.001972.

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38

Chatterjee, Sanjib. "Polarization phase-shifting Fizeau interferometer with a cyclic path optical configuration." Optical Engineering 48, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 115601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3264956.

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39

Qin, Shuang, Xu Zhang, Zheng Yu, and Feng Zhao. "Polarization study of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films under cyclic electric fields." Polymer Engineering & Science 60, no. 3 (January 17, 2020): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.25323.

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40

Lee, Hochun, Feng Xu, Carol S. Jeffcoate, and Hugh S. Isaacs. "Cyclic Polarization Behavior of Aluminum Oxide Films in Near Neutral Solutions." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 4, no. 10 (2001): B31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1399875.

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41

Ahmadian, Z., I. Danaee, and M. A. Golozar. "Effect of Surface Treatment on Corrosion Resistance of 304 Stainless Steel Implants in Tyrode Solution." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0004.

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Abstract The effect of different surface preparation methods such as mechanical, chemical and electrochemical surface preparation on the formation, stability and deterioration of surface films formed on austenitic 304 stainless steel was investigated in Tyrode’s physiological solution by cyclic polarization curves, AC impedance measurements surface techniques. A hysteresis loop in a cyclic polarization curve was obtained that indicates a delay in repassivation of an existing pit when the potential is scanned cathodically. Electrolytic polishing and ultrasonic cleaning improves corrosion resistance by increasing the value of the corrosion potential and breakdown potential of the passive layer as well as the pit initiation potential. After mechanical polishing no perfect passivation region was observed. Change in surface fractal is in good agreement with the result obtained from height roughness factor of AFM.

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42

Li, Wucheng, Jianli Zhang, Ping Xin, Zhigang Wen, Hongyang Jing, Lei Zhao, Lianyong Xu, and Yongdian Han. "Corrosion behavior of the heat affected zone in a 316 L pipeline weld." Materials Testing 63, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0102.

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Abstract On-site investigation, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization test were carried out for failure analysis of the 316 L pipeline in this paper. The visual inspection revealed that the inner wall was covered with severe rust, and obvious misalignment and poor appearance were found in the weld. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy result identified the presence of Cl in the inner wall of the pipeline. Some carbides of Cr and Mo precipitated in the heat affected zone, which partially deteriorated the corrosion resistance. The cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curve proved that the heat affected zone is not only sensitive to pitting corrosion, but also has inferior repassivation ability. Finally, the pitting preferentially occurred in the heat affected zone and gradually developed to leakage.

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Yang, Xuezhi, Susu Li, Yingjie Zhao, Siyu Li, Tianjiao Zhao, Yu Tai, Bingjie Zhang, et al. "GRK2 Mediated Abnormal Transduction of PGE2-EP4-cAMP-CREB Signaling Induces the Imbalance of Macrophages Polarization in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mice." Cells 8, no. 12 (December 8, 2019): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121596.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the massive infiltration of various chronic inflammatory cells in synovia. In synovial fluid of patients with RA, M1 macrophages are dominant among all subtypes of macrophages, the mechanisms of macrophages polarization imbalance in RA has not been fully illuminated. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) augments M2 polarization in part via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-cyclic AMP responsive element binding (CREB) signaling. However, previous study found constant stimulus of PGE2 on fibroblast-like synovial cells of adjuvant arthritis rats induced the decrease of cAMP, which is primarily caused by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2)-induced EP4 over- desensitization. Whether GRK2 mediated-EP4 over-desensitization reduces the level of cAMP and inhibits M2 polarization in RA is unclear. Here we observed M1 macrophages were dominant in peritoneal macrophages (PMs), bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and synovial macrophages of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. PGE2 stimulated M2 polarization via the EP4-cAMP-CREB in normal mice, while failed to promote M2 polarization in the PMs of CIA mice. Further, we found the EP4 over-desensitization stimulated by PGE2 induced abnormal PGE2-cAMP-CREB signaling as well as the imbalance of macrophage polarization. Targeted disruption of GRK2 in Raw264.7 (RAW) through GRK2 siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 downregulated the M1 macrophage markers, upregulated the M2 macrophage markers and the EP4 membrane localization. The reduced M1/M2 ratio and increased p-CREB expression were observed in BMMs and PMs of GRK2+/− mice. This study highlighted a novel role of GRK2 in regulating macrophages function in RA and provided new idea for precision treatment of RA.

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Xu, Jia Ning, and Hong Ying Yang. "Electrochemical Research on N-Type and P-Type Semiconductor Pyrite." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.179.

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Studies on cyclic voltammetry, Tafel polarization curve and DFT calculations on N type and P type semiconductor pyrite in or out of bacterial solution were carried out. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the effect of bacterial was not simply in enrich the Fe3+ in the EPS. Tafel polarization curve research showed that bacteria can enhance the oxidation reaction sharply, no matter in the Fe3+ solution and in the bacteria solution, the corrosion current of N type pyrite was much bigger than that of P type pyrite. The DFT calculation shows that containing one Ni or Co atom means a more stable property, containing one As atom meaning a less stable property. However, an energy band around 5eV occurred in N type pyrite (contained Cu or Ni) meaning that N type pyrite is easier to be oxidation than P type pyrite.

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Wu, Zhi, Shui Ping Zhong, Zeng Ling Wu, Zhong Sheng Huang, and Brenda K. C. Chan. "Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon Paste Electrode with Gold-Bearing Pyrite in Bioleaching." Advanced Materials Research 825 (October 2013): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.825.360.

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The dissolution of gold-bearing pyrite plays an important role in bioleaching of gold. This paper describes a fundamental study on the electrochemical behavior and reaction mechanisms of gold-bearing pyrite leaching in the form of Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE) with and without microorganisms using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and polarization curve. A two step process was suggested from Cyclic voltammetry. Electrode passivation by elemental sulphur was observed below 700mV (vs. SCE), elemental sulphur was then oxidized to sulphate when the electrode potential further increased from 700mV. The polarization current density of CPE and the oxidation rate of pyrite are further enhanced by the presence of microorganisms. Analyses of EDS and XPS confirmed the formation of elemental sulphur and sulphate. This electrochemical method successfully showed its simplicity and reliability to measure oxidation rate of gold bearing pyrite.

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Łosiewicz, B., Magdalena Popczyk, and A. Budniok. "Cyclic Voltammetry Studies on Electrochemical Behavior of the Composite Ni-P+TiO₂ Electrocatalysts in Alkaline Solutions." Solid State Phenomena 228 (March 2015): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.228.207.

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Electrochemical characteristics of the composite Ni-P+TiO2electrocoatings with a differentiated content of TiO2composite component from 14 to 20 at.%, dependent on temperature conditions of electrodeposition from 293 to 333 K, was carried out in an alkaline 2.5 M NaOH solution. Cyclic voltammetry studies of the Ni-P+TiO2coatings and comparable Ni-P electrocatalysts revealed that cyclic cathode-anode polarization activated TiO2as the embedded composite component for the Ni-P+TiO2coating obtained at 333 K only.

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Rudnik, E., and J. Sobesto. "Cyclic Voltammetric Studies of Tellurium in Diluted HNO3 Solutions." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 56, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-011-0030-z.

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Cyclic Voltammetric Studies of Tellurium in Diluted HNO3SolutionsElectrochemistry of tellurium stationary electrode was studied in nitric acid solutions of pH 2.0 and 2.5. Two sparingly soluble products were formed at potentials above 200 mV (SCE): TeO2and H2TeO3. H2TeO3and TeO2could dissolve to HTeO+2under acidic electrolyte, but this process was hindered at pH 2.5. Cathodic polarization of tellurium electrode below -800 mV was accompanied by evolution of H2Te, which was then oxidized at the potentials approx. -700 mV.

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Fukumoto, Michihisa, Motoi Hara, and Toshio Narita. "Formation of Ni Aluminide Layer Containing La by Molten-Salt Electrodeposition and Cyclic-Oxidation Resistance." Materials Science Forum 522-523 (August 2006): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.522-523.377.

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In order to improve the cyclic-oxidation resistance of Ni and SUS304 steel, the coating of a Ni aluminide containing La on both samples were carried out by the electrodeposition of Al and La in a molten salt. The electrodepositions of Al and La were conducted using a potentiostatic polarization method at 1023 K in an equimolar NaCl-KCl melt containing 3.5 mol%AlF3, and that containing 4 mol%La2O3-24 mol%NH4Cl, or 3.5 mol%LaF3. Observation and analysis of the cross-section of the specimen after polarization showed that a deposited layer consisting of a thick inner Ni aluminide layer and a thin outer layer containing a large amount of La was formed on both samples. The cyclic-oxidation resistance of the Ni specimen covered with the deposit layer having the La layer as the outer layer was higher than those of the untreated Ni specimen and the Ni specimen coated with the deposit layer without La. The stainless steel covered with the Ni aluminide showed a high cyclic-oxidation resistance in the atmosphere containing water vapor at 1273 K in comparison with untreated stainless steel, without depending on the existence of La in the deposited layer.

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Sytchev, J., N. Borisenko, and György Kaptay. "Intercalation of Lithium Into Graphite as the First Step to Produce Carbon Nano-Tubes in an Electrochemical Way." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.147.

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The mechanism of lithium electrochemical reduction from its molten chloride at two different electrodes – glassy carbon and graphite – has been investigated by the cyclic voltammetry method in terms of so-called ‘thermodynamic’ or ‘material balance’ reversibility. It has been shown that the adsorption of lithium on glassy carbon and graphite plays an important role in the overall process of reduction, especially at polarization rates below 1 V/s. Lithium intercalation, probably due to small lithium atomic radius, practically does not have influence on the reversibility at these polarization rates. The process of lithium deposition on the electrodes used may be complicated by the dissolution of lithium in the melt in the whole range of polarization rates applied.

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Borisenko, N., J. Sytchev, and G. Kaptay. "Electrochemical study of the electrodeposition and intercalation of sodium into graphite from sodium chloride as the first step of carbon nano-tubes formation." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 39, no. 1-2 (2003): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0302369b.

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The mechanism of sodium reduction in sodium chloride melt at three different electrodes has been investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The definition of so-called ?thermodynamic? or ?material balance? reversibility has been introduced. It has been shown that the dissolution of sodium in the melt is an important factor in the overall process in the whole range of polarization rates. The adsorption of sodium on glassy carbon and graphite plays an important role in the reduction of sodium at polarization rates below 1 V/s, and it makes the process reversibility higher compared to molybdenum. The intercalation of sodium into the graphite lattice decreases the overall reversibility of the process at low polarization rates.

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