Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cyclisme'
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Poyer, Alex Arnaud Pierre. "Cyclistes en sociétés naissance et développement du cyclisme associatif français (1867-1914) /." [S. l.] : [s. n.], 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/poyer_a.
Full textPoyer, Alex. "Cyclistes en sociétés : naissance et développement du cyclisme associatif français (1867-1914)." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/poyer_a.
Full textThis work is centred on the members, associations and federations of associating cycling, between 1867, the year of its birth, and 1914. The expansion makes no doubt but it follows a hectic evolution: an arduous start for twenty years, a "golden age" (the 1890 decade), and then, as a result of the arriving of the automobile, athletic sports and the increasing of conscription associations, a time of banalization at the beginning of the XXth century. The geographic and social distribution is heterogeneous. The urban sphere is dominating, while the zones which have not utterly assimilated modernity yet (centre and edges of France) are less represented. The "new classes", employees and small owners, are the most numerous. In the "golden age", the middle class stands by them. Later they are supported by the workers. The organization of the groups take after the democratic and coercive functioning of other sports associations. Their lifetime is short, their members not being very active. The popularity of cycling clubs, which can be explained by their action in local life, is mainly the result of their organizing races on the track first and then on the road. However, after 1900, the private owners of cycling-racing tracks, the Press and the cycle firms manage most major events. The associating cycling yet keeps its influence over the racing sphere through the "Union vélocipédique de France" which succeeds in dictating its rules and leads cycling activity to professionalism. Moreover the U. V. F. Gets the support of political authorities partly thanks to its action in favour of military cycling. As opposed to the importance of racing and in spite of the birth of the "Touring-club de France" in 1890, tourism stammers. It is not until the early XXth century with the perfecting of the change-of-gear system, that the situation changes. Thus, on the federal level, in 1914, racing cycling has almost the form it has nowadays, while touring cycling is not well structured yet
Viollet, Sandrine. "Le temps des masses : le Tour de France cycliste, 1903-2003." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS004S.
Full textThe Tour de France was widespread by media among people regardless of their social origine thus becoming part of the French civilization. Therefore this major cycling competition emerged as one of the main sights of the mass culture development in France. Furthermore around this society phenomenon a real “culture Tour de France” was developed, keeping up the cult of the road giant achievements and eventually allowing the cycling competition to be part of the french popular culture. Since 1903, the Tour de France has gone through different periods. Created to sell more newspapers, it soon became part of the Revanche arsenal, showing a route similar to a rampart walk. From its image of “road slaves” the cyclic competition inverted the tendency and gave the image of a winning France in the thirties. After the Second Word War it became part of the national heritage. Then in a context of openness to Europe, of cold war and the growth of a leisure civilization, the Tour de France had adapted itself to those social cultural change in order to keep on exiting. Nowadays thanks to TV it has managed to be part of the globalisation stream, henceforth it refuses the Third Industrial Revolution values, denouncing the doping phenomenon
Buisine, Sébastien. ""Faire le métier" de cycliste : une sociologie pragmatique du travail dans le domaine sportif." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100176.
Full textIn their jargon, cyclists easily use the expression "to make the job". What more natural than to say or tell what "to make the job" for professional athletes. Yet it is through this expression that runners describe their perceptions of the sensory world. Besides trivial, it refers the experts to many definitions that hide both the ordinary demands of their practice but also its excesses. And it is this polysemy interpretation that seems to be discussed and paves the controversy. From a series of autobiographical works, public speeches and interviews of professional cyclists, this thesis proposes to study the expression following a threefold approach. "To make the job" can first be understood at level of an organizational approach, when actors negotiate and discuss the definition and supervision of work at the federal level on the bases of Labor Law and Sports Law. Moreover, this expression can be comprehended when cyclists themselves try to make sense of their work, emphasizing the rigor and difficulty of it. Finally the analysis of disputes such as strikes riders, the Cofidis affair and the conflict surrounding the ProTour allows both the profession understanding and the objectification induced by the devices that regulate the activity. The entry by the dispute enables to understand the intersection and coordination of these two levels of description. This work highlights the evolution of the work under the daily cyclists
Horvais, Nicolas. "Interface homme-matériel : application au cyclisme." Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS032.
Full textThe aim of this work was to analyse effects of a non-circular chainring used in order to improve performance. This analysis was carried out from a mechanical, muscular and physiological point of view. The first study analyse effects of the non-circular chainring used during maximal and sub-maximal exercises on triathletes. No significant performance improvement was showed. However, the instantaneous pedalling rate variations pushed us to propose and validate a method in order to calculate the oxygen consumption cost due to the pedalling rate production and thus to calculate the oxygen consumption due to the force production. This was the purpose of the second study. This method consisted to calculate the y-axis intercept of the linear oxygen consumption - power output relationship, i. E. The oxygen consumption due to the pedalling rate production. Then, it was possible to clarify if the instantaneous pedalling rate variation induced a decrease of the oxygen consumption due to the pedalling rate production. The third study showed a significant performance improvement, with no specialist cycling sportsmen, in relation to a decrease of the oxygen consumption due to the pedalling rate production
Belluye, Nicolas. "Analyse biomécanique du positionnement en cyclisme." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12319.
Full textNesi, Xavier. "Prédiction de la performance et de son amélioration en cyclisme sur route." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S036.
Full textEdeline, Olivier. "Etude optoélectronique bilatérale de la cinématique des membres inférieurs et de la ceinture pelvienne lors d'un exercice de pédalage : influence du niveau d'expertise et de la charge externe." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112301.
Full textThe aim of this study were to confirm the pedaling movement asymmetry in cyclists, to assess the effect of workload and training on this pedaling movement asymmetry and to prove that pedaling movement could be modify using a new design of saddle. Optoelectronic studies were performed on trained cyclists and on non-cyclist swimmers who were right handed and footed. The pedaling of their lower limbs were evaluated at 55% VO2max (WL1), 65% VO2max (WL2) and 75% VO2max (WL3). Another optoelectronic study was assess to observe the pedaling movement of cyclists who used two different kind of saddle: a standard saddle and an ergonomic saddle. Pedaling movements of trained cyclists were asymmetric. This asymmetry was workload dependant. These movement asymmetries were more numerous at WL3 than at WL1. At WL3, These asymmetries became localized at the proximal part of the lower limbs and at WL1, we have observed asymmetries at the distal part of the lower limbs. In non-cyclists, pedaling movement asymmetries were more numerous than in cyclists. They did not depend on workload and on localization. Using ergonomic saddle did not modify pedaling pattern. The effectiveness increase with workload could produce these differences observed between cyclists and non-cyclists and could produce distal asymmetries disappearing in cyclists. These asymmetries were characterized by movement amplitudes and movement delays greater on the left side in cyclists and greater on the right side in non-cyclists. These differences could result from nervous system organization and could be due to motor planning modification by training
Garnotel, Xavier. "Les dessous du peloton cycliste : étude ethnologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX1A089.
Full textBouillod, Anthony. "Positions sur le vélo et performance en cyclisme." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD032/document.
Full textThe studies conducted during this PhD research showed that optimizing the position of the cyclist on the bicycle is a key factor influencing cycling performance. Our research focused on four main axes: the design and validation of measurement tools, the study of the aerodynamic position, the study of the seated position and the study of the standing position.All the results showed that the performance capacity of cyclists can be improved in aerodynamic position by increasing the ratio between the mechanical power (PO) and the drag area (ACd). Comfort is also a significant factor in time trial (TT) performance as it determines the ability of the cyclist to maintain position over time. Our works show that comfort can be improved via orthopaedic correction in cyclists affected by lower limb length inequality (LLLI) in the TT position, related to a reduction in pelvis movements. The orthopaedic correction also induces an increase in gross efficiency (+5.7%). Thus, this improvement in comfort could increase the PO and/or the amount of time the aerodynamic position can be maintained during a TT. Therefore, cyclists affected by LLLI should compensate LLLI with individualised foot orthotics to improve their TT performance. In a preliminary study, we also showed that there is a relationship between head movements and ACd. Therefore, cyclists should minimise these movements to minimise their ACd and maximise their performance. Aerodynamic position must be evaluated in real cycling locomotion, whether for the evaluation of A or ACd. We have developed two applications that are a real asset for the dynamic evaluation of aerodynamic drag (Ra) as they make the data analysis more accessible to coaches. Finally, although we have initiated a new method to assess ACd in the aerodynamic position by combining 3D scanning and computational fluid dynamics simulation, this method is also recommended for individualisation of cycling equipment.The seated cycling position can also be optimised by increasing the cyclists’ force effectiveness (FE), regardless of practice level or gender. This increase in FE is mainly due to a decrease in resistive force (Fres) during the upstroke phase of pedalling. Nevertheless, the cyclist should not pull on the pedal to generate propulsive torque because this strategy is counterproductive from an energy point of view. It would be interesting to extend our first study, which was set up in a laboratory, to the field to analyse the biomechanical adaptations of cyclists to the real conditions of locomotion. The differences observed in the laboratory, on level ground and over an uphill grade suggest that cyclists adjust their pedalling technique according to the conditions under which they are performing.Finally, studies of the standing cycling position show that cyclists increase their mechanical cost (MC) (+4.3% in the laboratory vs. +19% in the field) compared to the seated position; however, oxygen consumption was similar between the two positions. These mechanical losses (13 W in the laboratory vs. 49 W in the field) in the standing position are mainly due to increased rolling resistance coefficient (Crr), induced by the lateral sways of the bicycle and therefore torsion of the tyres. Because the observed mechanical losses are higher in the field than on the treadmill, other factors could contribute to this difference, such as Ra (~10 W), the equipment used by cyclists, the Crr of the road surface and the technique adopted. Also, the standing position induces an increase in MC to maintain constant speed when faced with uphill slope variations. Cyclists are therefore strongly recommended to reduce the increase of the MC in standing position compared to the seated position. This reduction in mechanical losses can be achieved by decreasing lateral sways and Ra
Crequy, Samuel. "Analyse accéléromètrique pour l'optimisation de la performance et la prévention des risques en cyclisme." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS021/document.
Full textCyclists have always wanted to keep and/or improve their performance. However, comfort is still a determinant factor because of the time spend on the bike. This comfort is especially altered by the coverings and the irregularities of the field generating loads that are often harmful to health. Therefore, the scientific community is interested in the research of a compromise between performance and health. This interest leads it to explore a large amount of tools characterized by the measure of a physical quantity. Among these values, the acceleration appears as a quantity rich in information. It allows to analyse the performance through monitoring of the athlete or the prevention of health disorders by the evaluation and limitation of the harmful effects
Duc, Sébastien. "Analyse de l'activité musculaire du pédalage en relation avec la performance en cyclisme." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2046.
Full textLACROIX, DIDIER. "Troubles metaboliques chez le cycliste pour des parcours de plus de quatre heures : a partir du championnat des flandres 1988." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M044.
Full textSarre, Guillaume. "Caractérisation du pattern mécanique et neuromusculaire du pédalage en cyclisme : effets de la cadence et de la fatigue au cours de l'exercice prolongé." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS072.
Full textThe goal of this thesis was to try to explain the consistent choice of high cadences in trained cyclists, since no parameter (oxygen consumption, neuromuscular activity, pedal force) taken alone could be considered as a major criterion in the choice of the cadence. The first study evidenced that negative work produced during pedalling was not minimized at the freely chosen cadence, and could therefore not be considered as determinant in the choice of the cadence. Negative work increased with cadence for a given power output. This study suggested that mechanical pattern could depend on mean torque level rather than on cadence. The second study supported this hypothesis, and confirmed that mechanical pattern mainly depended on mean torque level during pedalling. Onset and offset of EMG bursts depended on selected cadence. The third study evidenced that pedalling pattern, including both neuromuscular and mechanical aspects, remained stable during prolonged submaximal exercise. Neuromuscular fatigue generated by the prolonged exercise tended to increase with cadence. Further studied should investigate kinematic analysis during pedalling, in order to explain the influence of cadence on neuromuscular pattern, and of mean torque on mechanical pattern, though these 2 parameters are strongly relied. The influence of the increase in positive work with cadence on cycling performance should also be addressed
Bruneau, Jean-Francois. "Les accidents de vélo et les conflits entre cyclistes et motorisés en milieu urbain de taille moyenne (Sherbrooke, 1989-1995)." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textPhirai, Socrate. "Claudication d'effort chez le cycliste de compétition : endofibrose iliaque externe : à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11025.
Full textCas, Olivier. "L'endofibrose iliaque externe des cyclistes de compétition : mise au point à propos de six nouveaux cas et revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23044.
Full textMonnier-Benoit, Christian. "Effets de l'exercice sur la perception de la douleur et l'anxiété : régulation de l'exercice à partir de la perception chez l'enfant et l'adulte." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2070.
Full textLn this study, the effect of the fitness level on perceived pain and anxiety after a steady state exercise was investigated. We have also investigated the use of perceived exertion in children and elite cyclists to determine and regulate exercise intensity. The main results were 1) there is no analgesic effect observed after steady state exercise, 2) a high intensity exercise increases the anxiety state in sedentary subject, 3) it is possible to determine the naerobic threshold from perceived exertion in high level cyclists, 4) the young female and male children are able to use perceived exertion to self-regulate intermittent running exercises. Ln conclusion, perceived exertion could be a valuable tool to evaluate and regulate exercise intensity in adults but also in children. However, perceived pain seems to be more related to the personal experience of subject than to his/her training level
Lefèvre, Nicolas. "Le cyclisme d'élite français : un modèle singulier de formation et d'emploi." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3022.
Full textPoirier, Eric. "Influence de paramètre biomécaniques et électrophysiologiques sur la technique de propulsion : transition de la posture classique vers la posture danseuse chez le cycliste." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/714/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to understand which elements induce postural adaptation during cycling propulsion and particularly during transition from the classical posture to the upright one. Lots of works investigate posture effect on cyclist performance. However, few studies interest in the upright posture utilization. In our knowledge, no studies clearly explain why cyclists change their posture from classical to upright when ergocycle's resistance becomes too high. Is this postural adaptation due to more force creation and/or to muscular economy? First, we have developed experimental devices allowing us to measure mechanical strain between cyclist and bicycle. We have studied mechanical and physiological parameters for each posture during power incremental test. Then, we have evaluated the more pertinent parameters influence on the transition trigger. Results show that upright posture allows musculoskeletal configuration favorable to the development of high power output. Using upright posture, absence of saddle support induces better postural adaptations to oppose to the ergocycle resistance increase. Power output growth is principally due to muscle strain increase. Electromyographic analysis shows that muscle activation is different between the two postures. In particular, biceps femoris is less activated in the upright posture in spite of the higher power output. The reduction of the duration and intensity of this muscle contraction permit to increase the rest phase. Better allocations of the effort between the muscles enable some of them to rest. This phenomenon of muscle economy could explain the transition from classical posture to the upright posture when power output get higher
Costes, Antony. "Une nouvelle approche du cyclisme : la transition assis-danseuse comme prétexte à l'étude de l'optimisation du mouvement." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30402.
Full textThe aim of this work has been to deepen the knowledge about the choices spontaneously made by humans in order to realize simple locomotor tasks, with a focus on the pedaling movement. The analysis of the spontaneous transition from the seated to the standing position in cycling was the main topic of this thesis. Little studied in comparison to the walk-run transition, this transition is of interest given the possibilities to constrain the pedaling movement, and because of its abrupt nature making easier the identification of the criteria optimized in the movement. The combination of full-body kinematics, electromyography, inverse dynamics, and the measure of the efforts applied on each of the cyclist's supports on a fully instrumented cycling-ergometer offered a new perspective on the pedaling movement. These methods provide new leads to understand the spontaneous choices made in order to pedal under increasing power-output constraints
Paré, Daniel. "Variabilité du mouvement associé aux pédales automatiques en cyclisme de route." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1523.
Full textMunera, Ramirez Marcela. "Analyse vibro-biomécanique et dynamique en sport/santé. Cas du cyclisme." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS016/document.
Full textVibration phenomenon presents two faces in the sports world. Got under control ; it can be useful in body and muscle building and muscle re-education ; otherwise this phenomenon leads deleterious consequences for the human body. These deleterious effects depend on the vibration nature but also of its propagation background : structural or human. Usually, the vibration suffered by the human body cannot be decoupled either the motion analysis or the analysis of muscular fatigue. This topic research is based in three notions : vibration, motionand the physiologie. The aim of this work will be to define the characteristics of performance and health through the study of the dynamical and physiological response of the human body
Lavallée, Véronique. "Intérêt de la mesure de la consommation en oxygène et des seuils ventilatoires chez le cycliste." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M045.
Full textChabroux, Vincent. "Approche aérodynamique et biomécanique de l'amélioration des performances de cyclistes en course contre la montre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22037/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to determine the aerodynamic and biomechanical factors influencing cyclists performance during Time Trial stage (TT). The aerodynamic drag force represents over 90% of the power generated by the cyclist during TT stage. The aerodynamic optimization of the cyclist posture and equipment is thus a main objective. Experimentations were carried out in the wind tunnel S1L of the Institute of Movement sciences, in order to measure the aerodynamic drag force of cyclist according to different configurations. Measurements of the projected frontal led to a modeling of the cyclist frontal area value according to postural parameters. Aerodynamic performance of several TT helmets was characterized by measurement of the velocity fields in their downstream wake using a PIV-3C method (Particle Image Velocimetry 3 components). Results of this study have identified an optimized geometry of TT helmets. The aim of the biomechanical approach is to study the influence of the aerodynamic postural parameters studied on the performance of the cyclists. An inverse dynamics models is used to determine the torques and forces at each leg joint according to the saddle position and the power developed. The inverse dynamic calculation requires measurement of the pedal forces and the cycling motion. The motion analysis system VICON was used and two special 6 components sensors were design for this application. Results of this study have identified postural parameters increasing the performance. The synthesis of the factors influencing aerodynamic and biomechanical performances achieves a performance improvement of about 3%
JOYANDET, SCHOULLER CLAUDINE. "Variations du profil lipidique serique a l'exercice musculaire : etude lors d'un effort controle sur un groupe de cyclistes entraines : revue de la litterature." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA3033.
Full textFARAUT, THIERRY. "Le velo tout terrain : la passion d'un loisir." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE6559.
Full textPAISSARD, MICHEL. "Etude statistique de l'influence d'une epreuve d'effort sur la cortisolemie de 92 coureurs cyclistes." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25005.
Full textGrappe, Frédéric. "Influence de la position en cyclisme sur la resistance aerodynamique et sur les facteurs phsyiologiques : etude de la resistance de roulement." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3901.
Full textRomeur, Jean-Pascal. "Approche énergétique du cycliste de compétition en fonction de l'âge et de la spécialité." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000235.pdf.
Full textAt first physiological capacity was determined on 109 cyclists, with a step-test of 3 minutes. At second, discriminates elements of performances appears. At third, with lactic threshold (4mM) and VO2max, subjects was distributed from age (15-17 years old; 18-22 years old; > 22 years old), specialty (road/ mountain bike), level (National/ Regional) and season competition moment (during or ON/ out or OFF). Moreover, kinetic oxygen was used. All subjects present differences for physiological values and kinetic O2 from groups; and kinetics O2 present some incess after lactic threshold
Romeur, Jean-Pascal Rosnet Elisabeth. "Approche énergétique du cycliste de compétition en fonction de l'âge et de la spécialité." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000235.pdf.
Full textMornieux, Guillaume. "Nouvelles méthodes de mesure de l'efficacité du pédalage : application à l'étude des facteurs biomécaniques du rendement musculaire en cyclisme." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET015T.
Full textFARCOT, MICHEL. "L'endofibrose iliaque externe du cycliste de competition." Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET6003.
Full textAbbas-Poor, Mehdi. "Étude de la composante lente et de l'excès de VO2 chez les cyclistes de haut niveau lors des tests d'effort au laboratoire : nouvelle approche méthodologique." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0007.
Full textThe main goal of this study was to investigate excess oxygen consumption above the anaerobic (VT) threshold during a maximal incremental exercise test and the slow component of VO2 kinetics during a constant intensity exercise test. 45 elite cyclists were recruited to perform two separate tests with maximal incremental and constant intensity (3 bouts x 10 min exercise with intensity 25 W < VT, = VT, and 25 W > VT). 12 subjects showed no significant changes in oxygen consumption slope above VT. However 15 subjects demonstrate a significant increase in oxygen consumption slope and 18 showed a significant decrease in oxygen consumption slope. Nonlinear regression modelling was also used to analyse oxygen consumption data. It showed that the exact time of changes in oxygen consumption is independent of the anaerobic threshold. These results present a new theory for VO2 kinetics and suggest that further investigations are required. The oxygen consumption kinetics was also investigated during 3 constant intensity exercise tests with fast and slow adaptation components by bi-exponential model. In contrast with previous studies the magnitude of oxygen consumption during slow components was neither 200 ml/min nor 10% of fast adaptation. The Gaussian model was also applied to oxygen consumption kinetics and appeared to model oxygen consumption slopes better than the bi-exponential model (higher R²), suggesting an adaptive mechanisms to energy requirements rather than a slow excess of VO2
Alfaro, Serge. "Analyse psychobiologique de la performance lors du contre la montre en cyclisme." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21708.pdf.
Full textOmbredane, Marie-Pierre. "L'endofibrose de l'artere iliaque externe : une arteriopathie du cycliste de competition." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1080.
Full textSAINT-ORENS, ANNICK. "L'endofibrose de l'artere illiaque externe : une pathologie longtemps meconnue." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU31070.
Full textBOURLET, PHILIPPE. "L'endofibrose iliaque externe du cycliste de competition : connaissances actuelles et etude d'un protocole de depistage." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM115.
Full textDassain, Monique. "Pseudo-endofibrose iliaque externe du coureur cycliste : à propos de quatre observations." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M137.
Full textHue, Olivier. "L'enchaînement cyclisme-course à pied en triathlon. Aspects physiologiques et spécifiques de la transition." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON14002.
Full textSoudain-Pineau, Mickaël Bohr Frédéric Joly Philippe. "Statistiques appliquées à la physiologie du sport dans l'exploration des variables influençant la performance chez les cyclistes." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2008. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000981.pdf.
Full textBilodeau, Catherine, and Catherine Bilodeau. "L'activisme cycliste comme forme de participation politique : l'étude de la portée de la Bicitekas, tribu urbaine cycliste à Mexico." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38274.
Full textÀ l’exemple des carnets de la portée de la participation (Fourniau, 2010) –où l’équipe de recherche propose une mise en récit de débats urbains pour éclairer les effets multiples de la participation sur trois dimensions : les milieux, les dispositifs et les représentations– notre étude qualitative recompose l’évolution du débat cycliste et participatif à Mexico. Pour ce faire, le déroulement des actions et arguments d’un collectif cycliste mexicain, la Bicitekas, est pris comme fil conducteur. À l’aide d’une revue de presse et d’entretiens semi-dirigés, l’évolution des trois dimensions de la portée et des assemblages urbains ont été retracés. Cette mise en récit, accompagnée de cartographies des assemblages, permet d’exposer comment, entre 1997 et 2017, dans les tensions entre professionnalisation de la participation et radicalités politiques, se sont créé des communautés cyclistes et se sont reconfiguré les modalités inédites de participation politique dans la ville de Mexico.
Debraux, Pierre. "Etude des déterminants de la performance en cyclisme: puissance musculaire et aérodynamisme. Application en BMX." Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2010REIMS013.pdf.
Full textThe BMX competitions take place on a specific track of 300-400 m with bumps and turns, and with a downhill start. The displacement velocity reached by the riders may be greater than 70 kmh-1 a few seconds after the start. Few scientific studies focused to the parameters related to the performance in BMX. Nevertheless, a study showed that the starting phase was capital and that the maximum muscle power was a major contributor to performance during this phase. The aim of this thesis is to study the determinants of performance in this sport in focusing on two main parameters: the muscular power output of the lower limbs and a variable of aerodynamics, the projected frontal area. Firstly, the study of the muscular power output in lower body during sprints on a cycle ergometer and a ½ Squat among road cyclists and BMX riders showed that the muscle cross-sectional area and maximal muscle strength were indicators of performance for all-out sprints (~ 6-30s). A comparison of muscular inertial profiles has shown that BMX riders produced a maximal power output with relative light loads and it was necessary to increase muscular power output at heavy loads. Secondly, a new field method for measuring the projetcted frontal area in cycling has been tested. This method is reproducible and valid in comparison to the methods of weighing photographs and digitization. This method was used to measure the projected frontal area of BMX riders during 80 m sprints. These sprints allowed to highlight the importance of the maximal power, the projected frontal area and the average pedaling rate on the chronometric performance and the need to find an optimal gear to decrease the difference between the average pedaling rate and the optimal pedaling rate. To optimize the performance in competition among the BMX riders, it seems necessary: i) to follow a resistance training to increase muscle mass and muscle maximal strength of the lower limbs; ii) to adjust the gear ratio depending on the riders; and iii) to optimize the projected frontal area for some phases of the race. Solutions are proposed in this thesis
Honoré, Frédéric. "Pathologies non-traumatiques du genou chez le cycliste sur route." Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M196.
Full textBOUILLON, PATRICE. "Contribution a la definition d'une cadence optimale de pedalage en cyclisme par des tests de laboratoire et de terrain." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF13067.
Full textPaquette, Myriam. "Effet comparé de l'entaînement par intervalles inframaximal et supramaximal sur les déterminants de la performance à vélo." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25474.
Full textHigh-intensity interval training (IT) is superior to continuous training for improving endurance performance. Inframaximal IT (performed at intensities below maximal aerobic power [MAP]) is widely used by endurance athletes, but supramaximal IT (performed at intensities above MAP) is also associated with improved endurance performance. By now, it is unkown which type of IT leads to the best performance outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of supramaximal and inframaximal IT on key endurance performance determinants. After six weeks of training, despite a 47 % lower training volume, supramaximal IT led to an increase in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) similar to inframaximal IT. MAP was increased following inframaximal IT only, and only supramaximal IT increased anaerobic capacity.
Bessot, Nicolas. "Effet de la fréquence de pédalage sur les variations diurnes de la performance et ses déterminants en cyclisme." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2065.
Full textParé, Daniel. "Facteurs biomécaniques influençant l'utilisation du flottement angulaire offert par des pédales automatiques en cyclisme de route." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/756.
Full textArgentin, Sébastien. "Influence du type d'exercice et d'entraînement sur les paramètres métaboliques, musculaires et de fréquence gestuelle au cours d'un exercice de pédalage des membres inférieurs." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05L001.
Full textBoucher, Mathieu. "Limites et précision d'une analyse mécanique de la performance sur ergocycle instrumenté." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2260.
Full textIn biomechanics, the modelling of the human body is a major stake to estimate, in an imposed task, muscular effort and subjacent metabolic expenditure. In parallel, the evaluation of physical abilities in sport medicine needs to characterize the athletes' motion and their interactions with the external environment, in order to compare physiological measurements more objectively. These two orientations are based mainly on the activities of cycling. The objective of this work is thus to study the limits of the mechanical analysis of the performance on ergocycle using inverse dynamics technique. These limits depend on the measuring instruments and on the adequacy between the data input of the cycling model and the data measured. The evaluations of the uncertainty of the quantities used in the calculation of the intersegment effort allow to estimate the consequences of them on the precision of each mechanical parameter used in the analysis of the performance