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Journal articles on the topic 'Cyclommatus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Yuan, Jiao Jiao, Dan Chen, and Xia Wan. "A multilocus assessment reveals two new synonymies for East Asian Cyclommatus stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae)." ZooKeys 1021 (March 2, 2021): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1021.58832.

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Cyclommatus scutellaris Möllenkamp, 1912, Cyclommatus elsae Kriesche, 1921 and Cyclommatus tamdaoensis Fujita, 2010 are East Asian stag beetle species with long-debated taxonomic relationships due to high intraspecific morphological variability. In this study, we applied multilocus phylogenetic analyses to reassess their relationships. Two mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA, COI) and two nuclear genes (28S rDNA, Wingless) were used to reconstruct the phylogeny through the Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods. Both topologies supported two clades: the clade C. scutellaris was sister to the clade (C. elsae + C. tamdaoensis) with the subclade C. tamdaoensis embedded in the subclade C. elsae. The Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) genetic distance analysis yielded a low mean value (≤0.035) among the three taxa, which was well below the minimum mean value between other Cyclommatus species (≥0.122). We also compared the accuracy and efficiency of two approaches, GMYC and ABGD, in delimitating the three lineages. The result shows that ABGD is a better approach than GMYC. Our molecular data recognizes the three species as different populations of a single species, ranging from Taiwan Island to the continent. Therefore, we propose two new junior synonyms for C. scutellaris: C. tamdaoensis, syn. nov. and C. elsaesyn. nov.

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2

Yuan, Jiao Jiao, Dan Chen, and Xia Wan. "A multilocus assessment reveals two new synonymies for East Asian Cyclommatus stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae)." ZooKeys 1021 (March 2, 2021): 65–79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1021.58832.

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Cyclommatus scutellaris Möllenkamp, 1912, Cyclommatus elsae Kriesche, 1921 and Cyclommatus tamdaoensis Fujita, 2010 are East Asian stag beetle species with long-debated taxonomic relationships due to high intraspecific morphological variability. In this study, we applied multilocus phylogenetic analyses to reassess their relationships. Two mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA, COI) and two nuclear genes (28S rDNA, Wingless) were used to reconstruct the phylogeny through the Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods. Both topologies supported two clades: the clade C. scutellaris was sister to the clade (C. elsae + C. tamdaoensis) with the subclade C. tamdaoensis embedded in the subclade C. elsae. The Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) genetic distance analysis yielded a low mean value (≤0.035) among the three taxa, which was well below the minimum mean value between other Cyclommatus species (≥0.122). We also compared the accuracy and efficiency of two approaches, GMYC and ABGD, in delimitating the three lineages. The result shows that ABGD is a better approach than GMYC. Our molecular data recognizes the three species as different populations of a single species, ranging from Taiwan Island to the continent. Therefore, we propose two new junior synonyms for C. scutellaris: C. tamdaoensis, syn. nov. and C. elsae syn. nov.

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3

Gotoh, Hiroki, and Laura C. Lavine. "Genetic Control of Color Polymorphism in the Stag Beetle Cyclommatus metallifer Boisduval (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)." Coleopterists Bulletin 68, no. 2 (2014): 209–13. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-68.2.209.

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Gotoh, Hiroki, Lavine, Laura C. (2014): Genetic Control of Color Polymorphism in the Stag Beetle Cyclommatus metallifer Boisduval (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 68 (2): 209-213, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065x-68.2.209, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-68.2.209

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4

Goyens, Jana, Joris Dirckx, and Peter Aerts. "Costly sexual dimorphism in Cyclommatus metallifer stag beetles." Functional Ecology 29, no. 1 (2014): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12294.

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5

Goyens, J., J. Dirckx, M. Dierick, L. Van Hoorebeke, and P. Aerts. "Biomechanical determinants of bite force dimorphism in Cyclommatus metallifer stag beetles." Journal of Experimental Biology 217, no. 7 (2014): 1065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.091744.

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6

Cao, Y., J. Liu, S. Zhou, Y. Chen, and X. Wan. "Complete mitochondrial genome of Prismognathus prossi (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) with phylogenetic implications." Entomologica Fennica 30, no. 2 (2019): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.82927.

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The complete mitochondrial genome of a Chinese stag beetle, Prismognathus prossi, was generated using the Illumina next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome sequence is 15,984 bp in length, the nucleotide composition isA 36.6%, C17.5%, T34.3% andG11.6%with theAT-content of 70.9%. The sequence has similar features with other reported insectmitogenomes, consisting of 13 proteincoding genes (PCGs), 22 transferRNAgenes, tworibosomalRNAsand a control region. All of the protein-coding genes start with the typicalATNinitiation codon except for COI. Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) indicated that P. prossi share an affinity with Lucanus mazama, Lucanus fortunei and Cyclommatus vitalisi.

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7

Chen, Zhen-Yi, Yuying Hsu, and Chung-Ping Lin. "Allometry and Fighting Behaviour of a Dimorphic Stag Beetle Cyclommatus mniszechi (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)." Insects 11, no. 2 (2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11020081.

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Male stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) use their mandibles as weapons to compete for resources and reproduction. Mandible size in stag beetles can be associated with different behaviours and the outcome of male contests. We investigated the allometric relationship between mandible and body size in males of the stag beetle Cyclommatus mniszechi to uncover distinct morphs. The results divided male C. mniszechi into majors and minors with the switch point of mandible length at 14.01 mm. The allometric slope of mandibles was positive for both morphs but was steeper for the minors. We also characterised the fighting behaviour of the different morphs in size-matched contests using sequential analyses. Males matched each other’s behaviour in contests with many physical contacts, no injury and a progression from low towards high aggression and rare de-escalation. Major and minor males employed the same behavioural elements in contests, but major males were more likely to escalate directly into more aggressive phases and minor males tended to stay within phases. This finding suggests that major males may compete more aggressively than minor males in contests.

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8

Gotoh, Hiroki, and Laura C. Lavine. "Genetic Control of Color Polymorphism in the Stag Beetle Cyclommatus metallifer Boisduval (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)." Coleopterists Bulletin 68, no. 2 (2014): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-68.2.209.

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9

Kim, Eunjoong, Jinyoung Park, and Jong Kyun Park. "Taxonomic study on the subspecies of Cyclommatus metallifer (Boisduval, 1835) from Indonesia (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)." Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 10, no. 4 (2017): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.08.007.

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10

Goyens, J., J. Soons, P. Aerts, and J. Dirckx. "Finite-element modelling reveals force modulation of jaw adductors in stag beetles." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 101 (2014): 20140908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0908.

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Male stag beetles carry large and heavy mandibles that arose through sexual selection over mating rights. Although the mandibles of Cyclommatus metallifer males are used in pugnacious fights, they are surprisingly slender. Our bite force measurements show a muscle force reduction of 18% for tip biting when compared with bites with the teeth located halfway along the mandibles. This suggests a behavioural adaptation to prevent failure. We confirmed this by constructing finite-element (FE) models that mimic both natural bite situations as well as the hypothetical situation of tip biting without muscle force modulation. These models, based on micro-CT images, investigate the material stresses in the mandibles for different combinations of bite location and muscle force. Young's modulus of the cuticle was experimentally determined to be 5.1 GPa with the double indentation method, and the model was validated by digital image correlation on living beetles. FE analysis proves to be a valuable tool in the investigation of the trade-offs of (animal) weapon morphology and usage. Furthermore, the demonstrated bite force modulation in male stag beetles suggests the presence of mechanosensors inside the armature.

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11

Goyens, Jana, Sam Van Wassenbergh, Joris Dirckx, and Peter Aerts. "Cost of flight and the evolution of stag beetle weaponry." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 106 (2015): 20150222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0222.

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Male stag beetles have evolved extremely large mandibles in a wide range of extraordinary shapes. These mandibles function as weaponry in pugnacious fights for females. The robust mandibles of Cyclommatus metallifer are as long as their own body and their enlarged head houses massive, hypertrophied musculature. Owing to this disproportional weaponry, trade-offs exist with terrestrial locomotion: running is unstable and approximately 40% more costly. Therefore, flying is most probably essential to cover larger distances towards females and nesting sites. We hypothesized that weight, size and shape of the weaponry will affect flight performance. Our computational fluid dynamics simulations of steady-state models (without membrane wings) reveal that male stag beetles must deliver 26% more mechanical work to fly with their heavy weaponry. This extra work is almost entirely required to carry the additional weight of the massive armature. The size and shape of the mandibles have only negligible influence on flight performance (less than 0.1%). This indicates that the evolution of stag beetle weaponry is constrained by its excessive weight, not by the size or shape of the mandibles and head as such. This most probably paved the way for the wide diversity of extraordinary mandible morphologies that characterize the stag beetle family.

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12

Goyens, Jana, Joris Dirckx, Maxim Piessen, and Peter Aerts. "Role of stag beetle jaw bending and torsion in grip on rivals." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 114 (2016): 20150768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0768.

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In aggressive battles, the extremely large male stag beetle jaws have to withstand strongly elevated bite forces. We found several adaptations of the male Cyclommatus metallifer jaw morphology for enhanced robustness that conspecific females lack. As a result, males improve their grip on opponents and they maintain their safety factor (5.2–7.2) at the same level as that of females (6.8), despite their strongly elevated bite muscle force (3.9 times stronger). Males have a higher second moment of area and torsion constant than females, owing to an enhanced cross-sectional area and shape. These parameters also increase faster with increasing bending moment towards the jaw base in males than in females. Male jaws are more bending resistant against the bite reaction force than against perpendicular forces (which remain lower in battles). Because of the triangular cross section of the male jaw base, it twists more easily than it bends. This torsional flexibility creates a safety system against overload that, at the same time, secures a firm grip on rivals. We found no structural mechanical function of the large teeth halfway along the male jaws. Therefore, it appears that the main purpose of these teeth is a further improvement of grip on rivals.

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13

Kim, Eunjoong, Seung Lak An, Jong Bong Choi, and Jong Kyun Park. "RETRACTED: Taxonomic study on the montanellus species group of the genus Cyclommatus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from Borneo Island, Malaysia, and Indonesia." Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 13, no. 3 (2020): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2020.06.004.

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14

Zhou, Li Yang, Zhi Hong Zhan, Xue Li Zhu, and Xia Wan. "Multilocus phylogeny and species delimitation suggest synonymies of two Lucanus Scopoli, 1763 (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) species names." ZooKeys 1135 (December 14, 2022): 139–55. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1135.89257.

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Phylogenetic relationsships of four nominal Lucanus Scopoli, 1763 species, L. swinhoei Parry, 1874, L. continentalis Zilioli, 1998, L. liuyei Huang & Chen, 2010, and L. wuyishanensis Schenk, 1999, are assessed based on mitochondrial (16S rDNA, COI) and nuclear (28S rDNA, Wingless) genes. The genetic distance is 0.0072 between L. swinhoei and L. continentalis, and 0.0094 between L. wuyishanensis and L. liuyei. Three species-delimitation approaches (ABGD, PTP, and GMYC) consistently showed L. swinhoei + L. continentalis and L. wuyishanensis + L. liuyei as two MOTUs. A new synonymy, L. liuyei = L. wuyishanensis, is proposed. Synonymy of L. swinhoei over L. continentalis is confirmed.

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15

Zhu, Xue Li, Jiao Jiao Yuan, Li Yang Zhou, Luca Bartolozzi, and Xia Wan. "Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of Cyclommatus stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae): Insights into their evolution and diversification in tropical and subtropical Asia." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 11 (February 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.974315.

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Cyclommatus stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) are very interesting insects, because of their striking allometry (mandibles can be longer that the whole body in large males of some species) and sexual dimorphism. They mainly inhabit tropical and subtropical forests in Asia. To date, there has been no molecular phylogenetic research on how these stag beetles evolved and diversified. In this study, we constructed the first phylogenetic relationship for Cyclommatus using multi-locus datasets. Analyses showed that Cyclommatus is monophyletic, being subdivided into two well-supported clades (A and B). The clade A includes the island species from Southeast Asia, and the clade B is formed by the continental species. The divergent time estimates showed these beetles split from the outgroup around 43.10 million years ago (Mya) in the late Eocene, divided during the late Oligocene (around 24.90 Mya) and diversified further during the early and middle Miocene (around 18.19 Mya, around 15.17 Mya). RASP analysis suggested that these beetles likely originated in the Philippine archipelago, then dispersed to the other Southeast Asian archipelagoes, Indochina Peninsula, Southeast Himalayas, and Southern China. Moreover, relatively large genetic distance and stable morphological variations signified that the two clades reach the level of inter-generic differences, i.e., the current Cyclommatus should be separated in two genera: Cyclommatus Parry, 1863 including the clade A species, and Cyclommatinus Didier, 1927 covering the clade B species. In addition, the evidence we generated indicated these beetles’ diversification was promoted probably by both long-distance dispersal and colonization, supporting an “Upstream” colonization hypothesis. Our study provides insights into the classification, genetics and evolution of stag beetles in the Oriental region.

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16

Chen, Zhen-Yi, Chung-Ping Lin, and Yuying Hsu. "Stag beetle Cyclommatus mniszechi employs both mutual- and self-assessment strategies in male-male combat." Behavioural Processes, September 2022, 104750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104750.

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17

Gotoh, Hiroki, Robert A. Zinna, Ian Warren, et al. "Identification and functional analyses of sex determination genes in the sexually dimorphic stag beetle Cyclommatus metallifer." BMC Genomics 17, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2522-8.

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18

Chen, H., S. ‐P Huang, C. ‐P Lin, Z. ‐Y Chen, and Y. Hsu. "Energetically costly weaponry in the large morph of male stag beetles." Journal of Zoology, October 2, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13222.

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AbstractMales of many species develop disproportionately large weapons, and frequently the weapon size increases more quickly with body size in small than in large males—a trend often considered to result from the depletion of developmental resources limiting male weapon exaggeration. Based on the cost‐minimization hypothesis, a shallower weapon‐body size allometric slope in large than in small males could be selected for if the energetic maintenance costs of having oversized weapons increase faster in large than in small males. Whether males of different size groups that differ in the weapon‐body size allometric relationship also differ in the energetic costs of maintaining their weapons has not yet been investigated. Consequently, we studied this using the stag beetle (Cyclommatus mniszechi), in which males are larger in size and have larger mandibles than do females and are divided into two morphs: majors are larger and have longer mandibles than minors. In both male morphs, mandible size increases disproportionately with their body size, but it increases more quickly in minors than in majors. We measured the standard metabolic rate (SMR) of the three types of these beetles (the two male morphs and females) to investigate whether the energetic maintenance cost of carrying weapons differs among them. Body weight explained 80% of the variation in the SMR in the three types of beetles, and SMR increased more quickly with body weight in major males than in minor males or females. Weapon and body size also jointly explained approximately 80% of the variation in the SMR. Whereas SMR increased with body size in all three types of beetles (with a higher rate of increase in major males than in minor males or females), only the major males' SMR increased with weapon size. Overall, being heavier and larger and carrying oversized weapons are energetically costly in major males, something which could constrain the exaggeration of their weapons.

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19

Chung, Arthur Y. C., Steven Bosuang, Richard Majapun, and Reuben Nilus. "Diversity and Geographical Ranges of Insects in Crocker Range Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia." Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC) 13 (October 15, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v13i0.404.

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An insect diversity survey was carried out in May, 2011 in the Crocker Range Forest Reserve. This is a Class VI Forest Reserve (Virgin Jungle Reserve), gazetted in 1967 and then regazetted in 1984. It comprises an area of 3,279 ha. The nocturnal insect diversity was very high, with an average of 148 insect species from 207 individuals in a square metre of the light-trapping cloth. The mean Shannon, Simpson and Fisher Alpha indices are Hâ€™ = 4.77 (>3.0), D = 322.49 and S = 417.04 respectively. Apart from having the highest diversity of nocturnal insects in all the 20 forest reserves surveyed within the Heart of Borneo area in Sabah, it has also recorded a number of endemic species. Some beetles are hyper-endemics, such as Cyclommatus chewi, Odontolabis schenki and Odontolabis katsurai (all Lucanidae beetles) which are found only in Mt. Alab of the Crocker Range F.R. At least 10 butterfly species are known to be confined to the Crocker Range, including the Kinabalu Tiger, Parantica crowleyi, which was sampled during the survey. A stick insect, Orthonecrosia felix, was recorded and it is only confined to the Crocker Range. New species are still being described. Such interesting scientific insect data from this survey and also from past records support the need to enhance biodiversity conservation in this Virgin Forest Reserve. In view of the high diversity and intriguing insect fauna, Crocker Range F.R. has potential in nature tourism for special interest tourists who contribute to Sabahâ€™s economy. A private initiative, Kipandi Park set up adjacent to the forest reserve, not only showcases the diversity of insects in Sabah but is also doing its part in studying the life cycle of rare and endemic insects which contributes towards insect conservation. The park also cooperates with government agencies in promoting conservation of biodiversity. In this paper, some of the issues pertaining to insect diversity and conservation are discussed.

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