Academic literature on the topic 'Cyclone appareil'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cyclone appareil"
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Condron, Alan, Grant R. Bigg, and Ian A. Renfrew. "Polar Mesoscale Cyclones in the Northeast Atlantic: Comparing Climatologies from ERA-40 and Satellite Imagery." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1518–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3136.1.
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Abstract Polar mesoscale cyclones over the subarctic are thought to be an important component of the coupled atmosphere–ocean climate system. However, the relatively small scale of these features presents some concern as to their representation in the meteorological reanalysis datasets that are commonly used to drive ocean models. Here polar mesocyclones are detected in the 40-Year European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis dataset (ERA-40) in mean sea level pressure and 500-hPa geopotential height, using an automated cyclone detection algorithm. The results are compared to polar mesocyclones detected in satellite imagery over the northeast Atlantic, for the period October 1993–September 1995. Similar trends in monthly cyclone numbers and a similar spatial distribution are found. However, there is a bias in the size of cyclones detected in the reanalysis. Up to 80% of cyclones larger than 500 km are detected in MSL pressure, but this hit rate decreases, approximately linearly, to ∼40% for 250-km-scale cyclones and to ∼20% for 100-km-scale cyclones. Consequently a substantial component of the associated air–sea fluxes may be missing from the reanalysis, presenting a serious shortcoming when using such reanalysis data for ocean modeling simulations. Eight maxima in cyclone density are apparent in the mean sea level pressure, clustered around synoptic observing stations in the northeast Atlantic. They are likely spurious, and a result of unidentified shortcomings in the ERA-40 data assimilation procedure.
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Harper, Bruce A., John D. Holmes, Jeffrey D. Kepert, Luciano B. Mason, and Peter J. Vickery. "Comments on “Estimation of Tropical Cyclone Wind Hazard for Darwin: Comparison with Two Other Locations and the Australian Wind-Loading Code”." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 1 (January 2012): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-10-05011.1.
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AbstractCook and Nicholls recently argued in this journal that the city of Darwin (Northern Territory), Australia, should be located in wind region D rather than in the current region C in the Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 1170.2 wind actions standard, in which region D has significantly higher risk. These comments critically examine the methods used by Cook and Nicholls and find serious flaws in them, sufficient to invalidate their conclusions. Specific flaws include 1) invalid assumptions in their analysis method, including that cyclones are assumed to be at the maximum intensity along their entire path across the sampling circle even after they have crossed extensive land areas; 2) a lack of verification that the simulated cyclone tracks are consistent with the known climatological data and in particular that the annual rate of simulated cyclones at each station greatly exceeds the numbers recorded for the entire Australian region; and 3) the apparent omission of key cyclones when comparing the risk at Darwin with two other locations. It is shown here that the number of cyclones that have affected Port Hedland (Western Australia), a site in Australia’s region D, greatly exceeds the number that have influenced Darwin over the same period for any chosen threshold of intensity. Analysis of the recorded gusts from anemometers at Port Hedland and Darwin that is presented here further supports this result. On the basis of this evidence, the authors conclude that Darwin’s tropical cyclone wind risk is adequately described by its current location in region C.
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Knutson, Thomas R., Joseph J. Sirutis, Ming Zhao, Robert E. Tuleya, Morris Bender, Gabriel A. Vecchi, Gabriele Villarini, and Daniel Chavas. "Global Projections of Intense Tropical Cyclone Activity for the Late Twenty-First Century from Dynamical Downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4.5 Scenarios." Journal of Climate 28, no. 18 (September 11, 2015): 7203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0129.1.
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Abstract Global projections of intense tropical cyclone activity are derived from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM; 50-km grid) and the GFDL hurricane model using a two-stage downscaling procedure. First, tropical cyclone genesis is simulated globally using HiRAM. Each storm is then downscaled into the GFDL hurricane model, with horizontal grid spacing near the storm of 6 km, including ocean coupling (e.g., “cold wake” generation). Simulations are performed using observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) (1980–2008) for a “control run” with 20 repeating seasonal cycles and for a late-twenty-first-century projection using an altered SST seasonal cycle obtained from a phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5)/representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) multimodel ensemble. In general agreement with most previous studies, projections with this framework indicate fewer tropical cyclones globally in a warmer late-twenty-first-century climate, but also an increase in average cyclone intensity, precipitation rates, and the number and occurrence days of very intense category 4 and 5 storms. While these changes are apparent in the globally averaged tropical cyclone statistics, they are not necessarily present in each individual basin. The interbasin variation of changes in most of the tropical cyclone metrics examined is directly correlated to the variation in magnitude of SST increases between the basins. Finally, the framework is shown to be capable of reproducing both the observed global distribution of outer storm size—albeit with a slight high bias—and its interbasin variability. Projected median size is found to remain nearly constant globally, with increases in most basins offset by decreases in the northwest Pacific.
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Priestley, Matthew D. K., Duncan Ackerley, Jennifer L. Catto, Kevin I. Hodges, Ruth E. McDonald, and Robert W. Lee. "An Overview of the Extratropical Storm Tracks in CMIP6 Historical Simulations." Journal of Climate 33, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 6315–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0928.1.
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AbstractThe representation of the winter and summer extratropical storm tracks in both hemispheres is evaluated in detail for the available models in phase 6 of the Coupled Model intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The state of the storm tracks from 1979 to 2014 is compared to that in ERA5 using a Lagrangian objective cyclone tracking algorithm. It is found that the main biases present in the previous generation of models (CMIP5) still persist, albeit to a lesser extent. The equatorward bias around the SH is much reduced and there appears to be some improvement in mean biases with the higher-resolution models, such as the zonal tilt of the North Atlantic storm track. Low-resolution models have a tendency to underestimate the frequency of high-intensity cyclones with all models simulating a peak intensity that is too low for cyclones in the SH. Explosively developing cyclones are underestimated across all ocean basins and in both hemispheres. In particular the models struggle to capture the rapid deepening required for these cyclones. For all measures, the CMIP6 models exhibit an overall improvement compared to the previous generation of CMIP5 models. In the NH most improvements can be attributed to increased horizontal resolution, whereas in the SH the impact of resolution is less apparent and any improvements are likely a result of improved model physics.
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Ritchie, Elizabeth A., and William M. Frank. "Interactions between Simulated Tropical Cyclones and an Environment with a Variable Coriolis Parameter." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 1889–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3359.1.
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Abstract Numerical simulations of tropical cyclones are performed to examine the effects of a variable Coriolis parameter on the structure and intensity of hurricanes. The simulations are performed using the nonhydrostatic fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model using a 5-km fine mesh and fully explicit representation of moist processes. When a variable Conolis parameter ( f ) environment is applied to a mature tropical cyclone, a persistent north-northwesterly shear develops over the storm center as a result of an interaction between the primary circulation of the storm and the gradient in absolute vorticity. As a result, the variable-f storm quickly develops a persistent wavenumber-1 asymmetry in its inner-core structure with upward motion and rainfall concentrated on the left side of the shear looking downshear, in agreement with earlier studies. In comparison, the constant-f storm develops weak transient asymmetries in structure that are only partially related to a weak vertical wind shear. As a result, it is found that the tropical cyclone with variable f intensifies slightly more slowly than that with constant f, and reaches a final intensity that is about 5 mb weaker. It is argued that this “beta shear” is not adequately represented in large-scale analyses and so does not figure into calculations of environmental shear. Although the effect of the beta shear on the tropical cyclone intensity seems small by itself, when combined with the environmental shear it can produce a large net shear or it can reduce an environmental shear below the apparent threshold to impact storm intensity. If this result proves to be generally true, then the presence of an additional overlooked beta shear may well explain differences in the response of tropical cyclone intensification to westerly versus easterly shear regimes.
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Schreck, Carl J., and John Molinari. "Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with Kelvin Waves and the Madden–Julian Oscillation." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 9 (September 2011): 2723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-10-05060.1.
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The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) influences tropical cyclone formation around the globe. Convectively coupled Kelvin waves are often embedded within the MJO, but their role in tropical cyclogenesis remains uncertain. This case study identifies the influences of the MJO and a series of Kelvin waves on the formation of two tropical cyclones. Typhoons Rammasun and Chataan developed in the western North Pacific on 28 June 2002. Two weeks earlier, conditions had been unfavorable for tropical cyclogenesis because of uniform trade easterlies and a lack of organized convection. The easterlies gave way to equatorial westerlies as the convective envelope of the Madden–Julian oscillation moved into the region. A series of three Kelvin waves modulated the development of the westerlies. Cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) developed in a strip between the growing equatorial westerlies and the persistent trade easterlies farther poleward. Rammasun and Chataan emerged from the apparent breakdown of this strip. The cyclonic PV developed in association with diabatic heating from both the MJO and the Kelvin waves. The tropical cyclones also developed during the largest superposition of equatorial westerlies from the MJO and the Kelvin waves. This chain of events suggests that the MJO and the Kelvin waves each played a role in the development of Rammasun and Chataan.
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Yoshida, Ryuji, and Hirohiko Ishikawa. "Environmental Factors Contributing to Tropical Cyclone Genesis over the Western North Pacific." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00309.1.
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Abstract The flow environment associated with tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) over the western North Pacific was assessed via categorization into five flow patterns: monsoon shear line (SL), monsoon confluence region (CR), monsoon gyre (GY), easterly wave (EW), and preexisting tropical cyclone (PTC). Using reanalysis data and an objective algorithm, the authors defined “contribution scores” for the five flow patterns. Each score represents the contribution to TCG from each flow pattern, and scores were calculated for 908 TCG cases from 1979 to 2008 (30 yr). Of the major contribution flow patterns, SL accounted for 42% of TCGs, EW for 18%, CR for 16%, PTC for 11%, and GY for 6%. Seasonal variations in the occurrence frequency of these five patterns were clear, but interannual variations were not as apparent. Tropical cyclones often appear to be generated in conditions with multiple flow patterns. Thus, relationships between multiple flow patterns were investigated by comparing contribution scores. The SL and CR patterns were strongly correlated to each other, which can be explained by the monsoon southwesterly that organizes both patterns. The EW pattern tends to be independent of the other flow patterns. The PTC pattern has a relatively high correlation with CR, but does not have a correlation with SL or EW. Thus, the characteristics of flow patterns for the occurrence frequency of TCG are derived for a longer period than in previous studies, and correlations among flow patterns are also investigated.
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Boyd, Anjali D., Shannon Gowans, David A. Mann, and Peter Simard. "Tropical Storm Debby: Soundscape and fish sound production in Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): e0254614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254614.
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Tropical cyclones have large effects on marine ecosystems through direct (e.g., storm surge) and indirect (e.g., nutrient runoff) effects. Given their intensity, understanding their effects on the marine environment is an important goal for conservation and resource management. In June 2012, Tropical Storm Debby impacted coastal Florida including Tampa Bay. Acoustic recorders were deployed prior to the storm at a shallow water location inside Tampa Bay and a deeper water location in the Gulf of Mexico. Ambient noise levels were significantly higher during the storm, and the highest increases were observed at lower frequencies (≤ 500 Hz). Although the storm did not directly hit the area, mean ambient noise levels were as high as 13.5 dB RMS above levels in non-storm conditions. At both the shallow water and the deep water station, the rate of fish calls showed a variety of patterns over the study period, with some rates decreasing during the storm and others showing no apparent reaction. The rates of fish calls were frequently correlated with storm conditions (storm surge, water temperature), but also with lunar cycle. Reactions to the storm were generally stronger in the inshore station, although fish sounds increased quickly after the storm’s passage. Although this was not a major tropical cyclone nor a direct hit on the area, the storm did appear to elicit a behavioral response from the fish community, and ambient noise levels likely limited the abilities of marine species to use sound for activities such as communication. Given the increases in intensity and rainfall predicted for tropical cyclones due to climate change, further studies of the ecological effects of tropical cyclones are needed.
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Scoccimarro, Enrico, Pier Giuseppe Fogli, Kevin A. Reed, Silvio Gualdi, Simona Masina, and Antonio Navarra. "Tropical Cyclone Interaction with the Ocean: The Role of High-Frequency (Subdaily) Coupled Processes." Journal of Climate 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0292.1.
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Through tropical cyclone (TC) activity the ocean and the atmosphere exchange a large amount of energy. In this work possible improvements introduced by a higher coupling frequency are tested between the two components of a climate model in the representation of TC intensity and TC–ocean feedbacks. The analysis is based on the new Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per I Cambiamenti Climatici Climate Model (CMCC-CM2-VHR), capable of representing realistic TCs up to category-5 storms. A significant role of the negative sea surface temperature (SST) feedback, leading to a weakening of the cyclone intensity, is made apparent by the improved representation of high-frequency coupled processes. The first part of this study demonstrates that a more realistic representation of strong TC count is obtained by coupling atmosphere and ocean components at hourly instead of daily frequency. Coherently, the positive bias of the annually averaged power dissipation index associated with TCs is reduced by one order of magnitude when coupling at the hourly frequency, compared to both forced mode and daily coupling frequency results. The second part of this work shows a case study (a modeled category-5 typhoon) analysis to verify the impact of a more realistic representation of the high-frequency coupling in representing the TC effect on the ocean; the theoretical subsurface warming induced by TCs is well represented when coupling the two components at the higher frequency. This work demonstrates that an increased horizontal resolution of model components is not sufficient to ensure a realistic representation of intense and fast-moving systems, such as tropical and extratropical cyclones, but a concurrent increase in coupling frequency is required.
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DeLong, Marilyn, Mary Alice Casto, Seoha Min, and Gozde Goncu-Berk. "Exploring an Up-cycling Design Process for Apparel Design Education." Fashion Practice 9, no. 1 (May 24, 2016): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2016.1148309.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cyclone appareil"
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Mercadier, Jacques. "Décomposition thermique des isocyanurates : application à la préparation d'acide isocyanique par sublimation et pyrolyse d'acide isocyanurique en réacteur cyclone." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL121N.
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La pyrolyse des isocyanurates produit les isocyanates correspondants. Ainsi, celle du tribenzylisocyanurate donne du benzylisocyanate. Le benzonitrile, le benzène, le toluène et le monoxyde de carbone sont également formés. En milieu anhydre, la pyrolyse du triphenylisocyanurate produit le phenylisocyanate avec des rendements atteignant 100 pour-cent. L'acide isocyanurique se pyrolyse en donnant l'acide isocyanique avec des rendements atteignant 85 pour-cent. Cependant, ce dernier se décompose lui-même thermiquement. Les cinétiques globales des réactions du triphenylisocyanurate et de l'acide isocyanurique ont été déterminées dans un réacteur tubulaire assimilable à un réacteur piston. La pyrolyse de l'acide isocyanurique a alors été réalisée dans un réacteur cyclone qui permet, en moins d'une seconde, de chauffer, sublimer, séparer les particules non sublimées et, enfin, de le pyrolyser en phase gazeuse. Sa sublimation, assez facile, a été modélisée de façon satisfaisante et il semble alors possible de prévoir ses résultats dans un cyclone de dimensions quelconques. Un modèle charge de décrire la pyrolyse de l'acide isocyanurique en réacteur cyclone a également été élaboré. Il tient compte de sa libération progressive en phase gazeuse dans le réacteur.
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Reinhardt, Bruno. "Compréhension et évaluation du comportement des suspensions gaz-solide à forte charge dans les techniques de séparation aéraulique." Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a37df539-7e5e-4347-b8e6-7f15fd2cfb0f.
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L'optimisation du fonctionnement des cyclones peut être réalisée à partir d'études expérimentales sur maquettes. La première partie traite de la similitude: des caractérisations aérodynamiques (à vide) dans deux cyclones homothétiques mettent en évidence deux types d'écoulements et une similitude partielle. Dans une seconde partie, nous exposons les résultats des mesures de vitesse et de concentration qui permettent d'analyser la structure de l'écoulement. Nous présenterons dans la dernière partie les calculs réalisés à l'aide d'un code de simulation numérique.
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Laurenson, Nathalie Dap François. "L'enseignement sur la pathologie de l'appareil locomoteur dans le troisième cycle de médecine générale contenu pédagogique et évaluation du séminaire par les étudiants /." [S.l] : [s.n], 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2004_LAURENSON_NATHALIE.pdf.
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Hartley, Alice C. (Alice Catherine). "Sustainability in the product cycle : adopting a shared standard for the apparel industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72910.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69).
Decisions made by product designers strongly influence the social and environmental impacts that a consumer product will have over its lifetime. This study examines the Sustainable Apparel Index, a decision-support tool that aims to clarify environmental trade-offs and reduce overall product impacts within the apparel industry. As an example of the broad potential for shared industry standards, the Apparel Index is compared to other, company-specific apparel tools, which exist to integrate environmental knowledge into the product creation process. Based on this comparative analysis as well as primary research within the industry, the thesis draws the following conclusions: 1) There are ways to make tools more user-friendly for designers, by paying attention to collaboration types and decision-making systems. 2) It is important to maintain existing workflow; embedding intelligence into tools and processes can help. 3) Efforts to share resources should focus on certain elements of knowledge and decision-making systems, where sharing will add the most value. 4) There is a key trade-off between speed and transparency, so shared tools should allow for flexibility according to user preferences. The study concludes with three recommendations for ways to improve the Sustainable Apparel Index, increasing its utility for product designers. In addition to suggesting improvements to future versions of the Apparel Index, the findings described here are relevant to other consumer goods industries such as electronics, toys, and furniture, which feature supply chains of a similar global scope.
by Alice C. Hartley.
M.B.A.
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Dupont, Maxime William. "Potentiel d’économies d’énergie par les services énergétiques – Application au cycle de vie des équipements de conversion de l’énergie." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1442.
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Les services d’efficacité énergétique sont en forte croissance en Europe mais leur rôle est encore limité. Afin d’évaluer leur potentiel futur en termes d’économies, nous étudions d’abord les mécanismes politiques, économiques et environnementaux ayant soutenu leur développement. Le marché des énergies de réseau presque totalement libéralisé est donc analysé et comparé à la situation antérieure. En introduisant l’incertitude dans les prix, cette nouvelle donne sensibilise davantage les utilisateurs au coût réel de l’énergie. Pour les clients qui en profitent, les « contrats de performance énergétique » limitent l’impact de ces incertitudes en garantissant financièrement un résultat. En modélisant ces contrats, d’exploitation/maintenance notamment, nous prouvons qu’ils transfèrent également les risques technique et financier vers le prestataire facilitant la réalisation des économies potentielles. Ces contrats sont relativement fréquents en matière de chauffage ou d’air comprimé mais quasiment inexistants en climatisation. Garantir sur le long terme le rendement énergétique en climatisation requiert des méthodes permettant (1) de maîtriser le process et ses performances et (2) de chiffrer précisément le potentiel et ses coûts d’obtention. Un audit énergétique est donc inévitable, pour lequel nous proposons une procédure. Les conclusions des audits menés montrent que ce potentiel se trouve principalement au niveau de la régulation et de la gestion des appareils. Ces optimisations ne sont pas toujours mises en oeuvre par manque d’incitation contractuelle et par la faiblesse des procédures d’audit. Par l’intervention d’un expert indépendant, la future inspection périodique et obligatoire des installations de climatisation doit permettre de contrôler et de limiter ces pratiques. Une méthode d’analyse en trois étapes est donc conçue pour maximiser le potentiel de cette mesure et pour pouvoir tirer pleinement profit de ce type de contratsEnergy efficiency services are growing in Europe but their role is still limited. In order to evaluate the potential, we focused first of all on policy, economical and environmental mechanisms that support their development. European natural gas and electricity markets, that are now almost wholly deregulated, are analysed and compared to their historical structure. By introducing uncertainty on energy prices, this new deal translates better the real energy costs. Energy performance contracts (EPC) limit the impact of these uncertainties on the customer energy bills by guaranteeing a financial result. As a result of the modelling of these contracts, namely operation and maintenance ones, we prove that they transfer technical and financial risks from building owners to energy service companies (ESCO) making energy saving measures easier and less expensive at the same time. These contracts are relatively widespread for heating or compressed-air processes but remain marginal for air-conditioning systems. So new methods were needed to guarantee on the long terms the efficiency of air-conditioning systems demand (1) to master the process and its performances and (2) to be able to determine precisely the energy saving potential and its realisation costs. A detailed energy audit is thus necessary for which we propose a guidance. Conclusions of audits carried out prove that energy saving potential is mainly located in equipment management and control. These optimisations are not always carried out because of a lack of contractual incentive and due to the weaknesses of audit methods. Through the involvement of an independent expert, the mandatory and regular inspection of air-conditioning systems may allow to verify and guide such practices. A three-step analysis procedure has been developed in order to maximise the inspection potential and to get higher benefits from service contracts
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Bianchi, Francisco Soares. "Working capital liability of foreignness: the apparel retail experience in Brazil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/25692.
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Purpose: To provide propositions regarding how juxtaposing two well-known and established theories might impact the way firms venture when entering into new international markets. Design/Methodology/Approach: Building on exploratory and inductive research and on multiple cases and on work in related disciplines and on 18 field interviews with managers and C-level executives in diverse functions and organizations. Findings: Provide empirical support from interviews on the case studies to corroborate with the three propositions and compare amongst the observed practices what could be done differently to mitigate WCLOF (Working Capital Liability of Foreignness). The first proposition is presented regarding how the Liability of Foreignness (LOF) plays a role when international firms are managing their Working Capital (WC) of a subunit in a host market, using six qualitative case studies from three international players and three local competitors; the second proposition is related to if firms overcome LOF over time when, using the same three international players in qualitative case studies to observe how they have been evolving is the new host market regarding their WC improvement and; the third proposition is whether the international players might carry an advantage when establishing a subunit in a new host market, considering again the same three international players in qualitative case studies. Research Limitations: Further research is necessary into different markets other than Brazil and / or different industries other than the apparel / fashion retailing. Broader survey, with statistical generalization, might validate the propositions presented. Practical Implications: The propositions could serve as a managerial tool for identifying WCLOF, thus also for assisting to overcome it. Originality/value: given the novelty in bringing these two existing theories juxtaposed in academic literature, it demanded inductive research to assist uniqueness findings.
Propósito: Prover proposições a respeito de como duas conhecidas and estabelecidas teorias justapostas poodem impactar as firmas ao entrar em novos mercados internacionais. Design / Metodologia / Abordagem: a partir de pesquisa exploratória e indutiva e em casos múltiplos, em temas relacionados e em 18 entrevistas de campo com gestores e executivos em diversas funções e organizações. Resultados: prover base empírica a partir de entrevistas sobre os estudos de caso para corroborar com as três proposições e comparar, entre as práticas observadas, o que poderia ser feito de forma diferente para mitigar o WCLOF (Working Capital Liability of Foreignness). A primeira proposição é sobre o papel que Liability of Foreignness (LOF) desempenha quando as firmas internacionais gerenciam seu Capital de Giro (WC) de uma subunidade em um mercado estrangeiro, a com base em seis estudos de caso qualitativos de três competidores internacionais e três pares locais; a segunda proposição é a se as empresas superam o LOF ao longo do tempo, com base nos mesmos pares internacionais em estudos de caso qualitativos para observar como eles, no novo mercado estrangeito em relação ao aprimoramento de seus WC; a terceira proposição é se as firmas internacionais podem trazer uma vantagem ao estabelecer uma subunidade em um novo mercado estrangeiro, considerando novamente as mesmos três firmas internacionais em estudos de casos qualitativos Limitações de pesquisa: Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias em diferentes mercados, exceto no Brasil e / ou em diferentes indústrias, além do varejo de vestuário / moda. Um levantamento mais amplo, com testes estatísticos, pode validar as proposições apresentadas. Implicações Práticas: As proposições poderiam servir como uma ferramenta gerencial para identificar o WCLOF, assim também para ajudar a superá-lo. Originalidade / valor: dada o ineditismo em avaliar essas duas teorias existentes justapostas na literatura acadêmica, foram requeridas pesquisas indutivas para auxiliar a novidade das descobertas.
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Doucet, Sandrine. "Etude fonctionnelle de RhoG, une petite GTPase apparentée a Rac et Cdc42. Localisation sub-cellulaire et caractérisation de partenaires et effecteurs." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T030.
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Nagashima, Masayasu. "La collaboration au sein de la supply chain, en tenant compte du cycle de vie du produit et du choix du revendeur : Une série d'études de cas du fabricant japonais et de ses revendeurs français dans l'industrie des appareils électriques." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010062.
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En nous fondant sur l'étude comparative d'un fabricant japonais et de trois revendeurs français dans l'industrie de la photographie numérique, caractérisée par une demande volatile, nous examinerons comment mettre en œuvre la collaboration au sein de la supply chain de façon efficace, en tenant compte du cycle de vie du produit et du choix du revendeur. Aujourd'hui, de nombreux éléments de la supply chain sont confrontés à l'incertitude des prévisions relatives à la demande. Un des remèdes à cette incertitude est la collaboration au sein-même de cette chaîne, une stratégie commerciale reconnue pour l'amélioration des performances qu'elle entraîne. Néanmoins, en pratique, elle s'est a'{érée difficile à mettre en œuvre, et nous faisons face à un réel manque de recherche mesurant l'intégration totale des divers facteurs de collaboration, ainsi que les liens qu'ils entretiennent avec les performances du produit tout au long de son cycle de vie. Notre recherche entend dresser un profil des stratégies de collaboration en terme d'efforts mutuels pour réduire l'incertitude des prévisions de la demande. Nous proposons un concept de collaboration adaptative en fonction du cycle de vie du produit, du choix du partenaire revendeur, du degré de collaboration ainsi que de la catégorie du produit permettant d'assurer la concordance entre stratégie produit et processus de la supply chain. Nous soutenons que la collaboration adaptative au sein de la supply chain pourrait avoir un impact considérable sur la réduction de l'incertitude des prévisions en matière de demande, et ainsi augmenter les rendements.
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Massarweh, Ahmad. "Dolichol linked Oligosaccharide Diphosphatase : a potential regulator of dolichol linked oligosaccharides." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066447.
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CONTEXTE: Les " Type I Congenital disorders of glycosylation " (CDG-I) comportent des déficits de biosynthèse de l'oligosaccharide lié au dolichol (DLO) qui est nécessaire pour la N-glycosylation des protéines. Ces déficits induisent : 1) une hypoglycosylation des protéines qui serait à l'origine de la pathologie ; et 2) une accumulation de DLO tronqués à partir desquels, par un mécanisme encore inconnu, des structures oligosaccharidiques libres phosphorylées (OSP) sont générées dans le cytosol. Afin de comprendre le rôle de ce processus dans le CDG, il était donc nécessaire de caractériser l'activité qui est à l'origine des OSP.RESULTATS: J'ai caractérisé biochimiquement une DLO diphosphatase (DLODP) qui génère des OSP et du dolichol phosphate à partir de DLO. L'activité DLODP co-fractionne avec un marqueur de l'appareil de Golgi (AG) mais pas avec les enzymes réticulaires qui utilisent le dolichol phosphate. Cette localisation inattendue de DLODP m'a conduit à étudier la génération des OSP dans les cellules en utilisant la bréfeldine A (BFA) qui fusionne l'AG avec le RE. La BFA ne modifie pas les taux de DLO tronqués ni ceux des OSP cytoplasmiques dans un modèle cellulaire de CDG-I. Cependant, dans ces cellules et dans les cellules témoins, la BFA induit une forte augmentation des OSP dans le système endomembranaire à partir de DLO non-tronqués.CONCLUSION: L'identification de différents pools d'OSP, topologiquement distincts et pouvant être modulés de façon indépendante, révèle la multiplicité des mécanismes pour la génération d'OSP et suggère que la DLODP Golgienne n'est pas forcément l'enzyme responsable de la génération des OSP dans le contexte de CDG-IBACKGROUND: Type I congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG-I) are caused by genetic defects in the biosynthetic pathway for the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide (DLO) that is required for protein N-glycosylation. These mutations result in the accumulation of truncated DLO and protein hypoglycosylation. Although protein hypoglycosylation is thought to be the main pathogenic factor in CDG-I, the role of truncated DLO intermediates in cellular homeostasis is not clear. Truncated DLO intermediates are known to give rise to cytoplasmic oligosaccharyl phosphates (OSP) by an uncharacterized mechanism. To understand this DLO editing process biochemical and molecular characterization of the activity that generate OSP is needed.RESULTS: I biochemically characterized a DLO diphosphatase (DLODP) that generates OSP and dolichol phosphate from DLO. Subcellular fractionation of mouse liver homogenates demonstrated a microsomal activity that co-distributes with a Golgi apparatus (GA) marker but not with endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-situated dolichol phosphate utilizing enzymes. This unexpected localization of DLODP prompted me to study OSP generation in cells using brefeldin A (BFA), which fuses the GA with the ER. BFA did not affect the levels of truncated DLO or cytoplasmic OSP, present in a cellular model of CDG-I. However, in these, and control cells, BFA caused striking increases of OSP within the endomembrane system. CONCLUSION: the identification of topologically distinct, independently modulated, OSP pools indicates multiple mechanisms for OSP generation and suggest that the GA-situated DLODP may not be the enzyme responsible for OSP generation in CDG-I
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Lelièvre, Claude. "Développement et fonctionnement des enseignements post-élémentaires dans la Somme de 1850 à 1914 : mise à l'épreuve des théories relatives aux appareils idéologiques d'État." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H021.
Full textBooks on the topic "Cyclone appareil"
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Krausz, Vera van der Reis., ed. Indoor cycling: The accident-free aerobic exercise. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday, 1987.
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Sherwood, Dennis, and Paul Dalby. The bioenergetics of living cells. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782957.003.0024.
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Living systems create order, and appear to break the Second Law. This chapter explains, and resolves, this apparent paradox, drawing on the concept of coupled reactions (as introduced in Chapters 13 and 16), as mediated by ‘energy currencies’ such as ATP and NADH. The chapter then examines the key energy-capturing systems in biological systems – glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, and also photosynthesis. Topics covered include how energy is captured in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, the mitochondrial membrane, respiration, electron transport, ATP synthase, chloroplasts and thylakoids, photosystems I and II, and the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
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Ferlie, Ewan, Sue Dopson, Chris Bennett, Michael D. Fischer, Jean Ledger, and Gerry McGivern. Case study 1. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777212.003.0006.
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This chapter is the first of a set of four chapters exploring the themes of the book more empirically within particular health care organizations. This chapter analyses the bureaucratic career of a succession of national-level service improvement agencies apparent in the English health care sector since around 2000. There have also been a series of reorganizations in this domain which have consistently failed to secure a high level of autonomy; their bureaucratic career as agencies has therefore been somewhat disappointing. We also examine the types of preferred management knowledge espoused by these agencies, which absorbed and then disseminated to the health care field conventional forms of private firm related and business school produced knowledge, which has been highly influential in the latest cycle. However, there is also evidence of some interesting exceptions (public value, social movements) to this pattern which we had not expected and which complicate the assessment.
Book chapters on the topic "Cyclone appareil"
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Pfister, Gertrud, and Gerald R. Gems. "Chapter 14: Females, Fashion, Freedom; The Emergence of Cycling Sportswear." In Sportswomen’s Apparel Around the World, 241–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46843-9_15.
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Lindquist, Jay D. "Are Women’S Apparel Retail Store Image Spaces Alike Across Life Cycle Lines: A Schonemann-Carroll-Lingoes Matrix Fit Application." In Marketing Horizons: A 1980's Perspective, 184–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10966-4_42.
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Ishibashi, S., T. Kurokawa, T. Dan’ura, and A. Yamashita. "Changes in Apparent Functions of Component Proteins of Adenylate Cyclase System in Rat Brain by Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System." In Neuroreceptors and Signal Transduction, 287–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5971-6_23.
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"Life Cycle Assessment Studies Pertaining to Textiles and the Clothing Sector." In Handbook of Sustainable Apparel Production, 196–221. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18428-13.
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Aguirre, Mercedes, and Richard Buxton. "From the Medieval to the Baroque." In Cyclops, 235–304. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198713777.003.0010.
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This chapter is the first of the authors’ two substantial investigations into the post-classical reception of Cyclopean mythology. The account begins in the European Middle Ages, with representations of ‘races’ of Wild Men, some of whom are one-eyed. A more explicit echo of the classical Cyclopes occurs in numerous allegorical readings of the Ulysses–Polyphemus and Polyphemus–Galatea–Acis encounters. For all the apparent implausibility of such readings, it is important to realize that in allegory myths constitute a site for the allegorist’s display of interpretative prowess. The myths’ continuing relevance, and indeed their very survival, are thereby enhanced rather than reduced. The next section of the chapter looks at some virtuoso painted Polyphemuses from major Renaissance artists; after that the argument turns to some early modern one-eyed ogres, and then to the blacksmiths, returning to the theme of fire. There follows a detailed look at some Cyclopes sculpted in grottoes—a development of the ancient motif of the cave. The chapter concludes with studies of some major literary reworkings within the framework of European pastoral, ranging from the poetry of Dante (Latin eclogues) Marino, and Góngora, through baroque opera, to the contrasting Spanish dramas of Juan Pérez de Montalbán and José de Cañizares.
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del Mar Alonso-Almeida, María, and José Miguel Rodriguez-Anton. "Circular Supply Chain and Business Model in Apparel Industry." In The Circular Economy and Its Implications on Sustainability and the Green Supply Chain, 66–83. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8109-3.ch004.
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Today, companies are trying to move from an existing linear business model of production to a circular one. This transition is not easy and demands contextual changes beyond the control of the company. Circular economy (CE) pursues closing material flows in productive systems to maximize the utilization of available resources. Thus, different circles to reduce, reuse, recycle, re-manufacture, recover, and recycle are produced along supply chain during the cycle of life of a product. Despite an innovative apparel, little is known about the companies with disruptive business models and supply chain structures that have emerged in the recent years.
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Payne, A. "Open- and closed-loop recycling of textile and apparel products." In Handbook of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Textiles and Clothing, 103–23. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100169-1.00006-x.
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Zhuang, X. L., D. L. Wang, B. Peng, Y. Pan, and H. B. Sun. "Inspection and evaluation of apparent damage in concrete pier based on computer vision." In Life-Cycle Civil Engineering: Innovation, Theory and Practice, 1566–72. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429343292-211.
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Safra, Imen, and Kaouther Ghachem. "Enhancement of Textile Supply Chain Performance through Optimal Capacity Planning." In Lean Manufacturing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96292.
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Manufacturing companies in the textile and apparel field face stiff competition due to the globalization of trade between suppliers, producers and customers. To meet this challenge, they need to be efficient by adopting new lean manufacturing approaches and new analysis and management tools leading to more flexible and agile production and distribution processes. For the textile and apparel industry, where products’ life cycle is short due to fashion changes, a new integrated approach of production and distribution planning is needed. Based on linear programming techniques and integrating subcontracting activities, our approach takes into account the characteristics of demand, including its short life cycle, seasonality and fashion effect. For these reasons, a sequential approach is adopted, combining tactical and operational decision levels for production and distribution activities, in order to satisfy customer needs at lower cost by reacting quickly to changes and delivering on time. The deployed approach is structured according to the DMAIC lean tool. Validated on real instances, this approach proves its efficiency by achieving cost reduction when internal production capacity is adequately and efficiently planned.
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Sethi, Monika, and Anju Sharma. "Information System and System Development Life Cycle." In Software Development Techniques for Constructive Information Systems Design, 118–27. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3679-8.ch007.
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In the last decade, the role of monitoring information has become apparent. The availability of steadfast information, offered in a suitable format is the basis for good decision making in an organisation. Organisations can use these information skills to solve practical problems as well. This chapter provide us knowledge of the features and purposes of information. It also discusses the role of information system for developing a new system using System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
Conference papers on the topic "Cyclone appareil"
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Barbour, Courtney, Gwendolyn Hustvedt, Michelle Denise Burton, and Rachel Eike. "The consumer’s perspective: Care and maintenance in ‘use phase’ of clothing apparel life cycle." In Sustainability in Fashion -. Iowa State University Digital Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/susfashion.11521.
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Lev-Ari, Hanoch, and Aleksandar M. Stankovic. "A sparse sampling approach to dynamic sub-cycle decomposition of apparent power in general polyphase networks." In 2015 International School on Nonsinusoidal Currents and Compensation (ISNCC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isncc.2015.7174719.
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Hilleman, Douglas, John M. Lindsay, and Tim Hinson. "Gainesville Regional Utilities Kelly Plant Asset Management With Cycling Operation." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49148.
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Gainesville Regional Utilities (GRU) is a fully vertically-integrated utility with electric power generation, transmission, and distribution system owned by the City of Gainesville, FL. We have two primary generating plant sites: Deerhaven with two conventional coal-fired steam units (DH1 and DH2) and John R. Kelly (JCC1) combined-cycle Unit 1. Kelly Station (the focus of this study) is located in southeast Gainesville near the downtown business district. It has one - 120 MW combined-cycle unit (JCC1) in 1 × 1 configuration, consisting of: one GE Frame 7E combustion turbine (dual fuel), one Applied Thermal Systems two pressure HRSG, one 50-year old Westinghouse steam turbine unit with cooling tower, fuel storage, pumping equipment, transmission, and distribution equipment. In 2013, GRU with a seasonal peak load of approximately 500 MWs was to start receiving the output of a new 100 MW bio-fuel plant under a purchase power agreement. It was apparent that the operation of the GRU units would drastically change. It was predicted by GRU that DH2 a 255 MW coal unit would move to a cycling duty unit and the Kelly combined-cycle unit would be relegated to “peaking” operation. To better understand and predict future operational impacts, GRU contracted with Intertek AIM (APTECH) to conduct a Cost of Cycling study. This paper is our presentation of the results of the study and the changes that were indicated by the cycling analysis to manage the GRU system at the lowest cost and to incorporate the new modes of cycling operation. The expected modes of operation based on the results of the study were reversed to use the lowest cost unit for frequent cycling of JCC1 and changed the previously base loaded coal unit DH2 into a seasonal unit with long seasonal shut downs. This paper further shows the actions implemented by GRU at Kelly station to improve the cycling response and reduce the damage impact of each cycle by managing the startup ramp rates of the limiting equipment. The plant had limited budget for capital improvements and focused principally on managing the cost by modifying the startup procedures using real time operating data. Our conclusion was that by following the report recommendations, a new “Start Model” produced repeatable and acceptable results that minimized possible damage to the unit while meeting the need to use the renewable energy and support the customer by providing power at the lowest cost. The paper will demonstrate the improvement areas, the actual changes, and the results of those changes to the cycling data and the savings due to reduced damage.
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Teng, H., D. W. Beardsmore, J. K. Sharples, and P. J. Budden. "The Effects of Warm Pre-Stressing of a Pre-Cracked Pressurised Thermal Shock Disk Specimen Under a LUCF Loading Cycle." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57107.
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A finite element analysis has been performed to investigate the effects of warm prestressing of a pre-cracked PTS-D (Pressurized Thermal Shock Disk) specimen, for comparison with the experimental work conducted by the Belgium SCK-CEN organisation under the European NESC VII project. The specimen was loaded to a maximum loading at −50 °C, unloaded at the same temperature, cooled down to −150 °C, and then re-loaded to fracture at −150 °C. This is a loading cycle known as a LUCF cycle. The temperature-dependant tensile stress-strain data was used in the model and the finite element software ABAQUS was used in the analysis. The finite element results were used to derive the apparent fracture toughness by three different methods: (1) Chell’s displacement superposition method; (2) the local stress matching method; and (3) Wallin’s empirical formula. The apparent fracture toughness values were derived at the deepest point of the semi-elliptical crack for a 5% un-prestressed fracture toughness of 43.96 MPam1/2 at −150 °C. The detailed results were presented in the paper.
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Horlock, J. H. "The Evaporative Gas Turbine [EGT] Cycle." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-408.
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Humidification of the flow through a gas turbine has been proposed in a variety of forms. The STIG plant involves the generation of steam by the gas turbine exhaust in a heat recovery steam generator [HRSG], and its injection into or downstream of the combustion chamber. This increases the mass flow through the turbine and the power output from the plant, with a small increase in efficiency. In the evaporative gas turbine [or EGT] cycle, water is injected in the compressor discharge in a regenerative gas turbine cycle [a so-called CBTX plant-compressor [C], burner [B], turbine [T], heat exchanger [X]]; the air is evaporatively cooled before it enters the heat exchanger. While the addition of water increases the turbine mass flow and power output, there is also apparent benefit in reducing the temperature drop in the exhaust stack. In one variation of the basic EGT cycle, water is also added downstream of the evaporative aftercooler, even continuously in the heat exchanger. There are several other variations on the basic cycle [e.g. the cascaded humidified advanced turbine (CHAT)]. The present paper analyses the performance of the EGT cycle. The basic thermodynamics are first discussed, and related to the cycle analysis of a dry regenerative gas turbine plant. Subsequently some detailed calculations of EGT cycles are presented. The main purpose of the work is to seek the optimum pressure ratio in the EGT cycle for given constraints [e.g. fixed maximum to minimum temperature]. It is argued that this optimum has a relatively low value.
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Segall, A. E., J. R. Hellmann, and R. E. Tressler. "Thermal Shock and Fatigue Behavior of Ceramic Tubes." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0064.
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Abstract A narrow circumferential helium quench was used to thermally shock and fatigue internally heated alumina, reaction bonded, and sintered alpha silicon carbide tubes at 500°C and 1000°C. During these tests, transient temperature measurements required for thermal and stress-profile calculations were obtained through the use of micro-thermocouples positioned along the internal surface of the tubes. Acoustic emissions were also employed for in situ monitoring of crack initiation and propagation of the resident flaw populations during the single and repeated (up to 5) thermal shocks. Post-quench inspections and destructive burst tests were used to correlate the existence, extent, and statistical (Weibull) nature of the damage induced by the cycling. Results indicated progressive strength degradation in alumina tubes with repeated thermal cycles. In contrast, the thermally-cycled silicon carbide samples either showed no damage at all, or suffered minimal progressive strength degradation after the first cycle. In any case, the complex stress distributions computed from an FEA-based inverse heat transfer analysis were required to understand the observed damage (crack paths) and apparent fatigue behavior.
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Mossop, Dave. "Long-term Studies of Willow Ptarmigan and Gyrfalcon in the Yukon Territory: A Collapsing 10-Year Cycle and Its Apparent Effect on the Top Predator." In Gyrfalcons and Ptarmigan in a Changing World. The Peregrine Fund, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4080/gpcw.2011.0206.
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Anokhin, Vadim, Emma Ross, David Randell, and Philip Jonathan. "Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Metocean Design Criteria in the Southern South China Sea From Covariate Extreme Value Analysis." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95913.
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Abstract This paper describes spatial and seasonal variability of metocean design criteria in the southern South China Sea. Non-stationary extreme value analysis was performed using the CEVA approach (Covariate Extreme Value Analysis,[1]) for a 59-year long SEAFINE hindcast of winds and waves, estimating metocean design criteria up to 10,000-year return period. Wind design criteria are mostly driven by large-scale monsoonal events; at higher return periods infrequent cyclonic events have strong influence on the tail of the extreme value distribution but confined to a limited geographical area. The CEVA analysis of waves showed much less dependence on the tropical cyclone events; the spatial metocean design criteria were smoother, mostly influenced by the monsoonal wind strength, fetch and local bathymetry. Return value estimates illustrate the strong seasonality of metocean design criteria, with boreal winter (December-February, Northeasterly monsoon) contributing most to the extremes, while April and May are the mildest months. Estimates for the ratio of 10,000/100-year return values are also presented, both for winds and waves. There is empirical evidence that the range of “typical” values of generalised Pareto shape parameter observed for Hs is different to that observed for wind speed. For this reason, an upper bound of +0.2 for generalised Pareto shape was specified for wind speed analysis, compared to 0.0 for Hs. In some cases, increase of upper bound for waves to 0.1 is justified, leading to slightly more conservative Hs values. We confirmed that the upper end point constraint was not too influential on the distributions of generalised Pareto shape parameter estimated. Nevertheless, it is apparent that specification of bounds for generalised Pareto shape is a critical, but problematic choice in metocean applications.
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Northrop, William F., Wei Fang, and Bin Huang. "Combustion Phasing Effect on Cycle Efficiency of a Diesel Engine Using Advanced Gasoline Fumigation." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81106.
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Advanced premixed compression ignition (CI) combustion using fumigation has been shown to yield significant improvements in indicated efficiency over traditional diesel combustion strategies while simultaneously reducing engine-out soot and NOX emissions. To better interpret these findings, a breakdown of the ways in which actual performance deviates from ideal engine cycles is helpful. Non-ideal combustion phasing is one cause of such deviations. In this paper, the centroid of the calculated apparent heat release rate is used to estimate an adjusted maximum possible thermal efficiency based on constant volume combustion using an effective compression ratio concept. Using these metrics, experimental engine data are evaluated from a single cylinder direct-injection diesel engine operating in premixed CI mode enabled by gasoline fumigation and a diesel pilot injection. Indicated gross cycle efficiency was found to be higher for premixed fumigation compared with a conventional diesel condition at the same load. A key finding of the work is that the peak indicated cycle efficiency for fumigated premixed CI combustion occurs with combustion phased very close to TDC. Shorter heat release duration and lower heat losses from the cylinder are thought to be the cause of differences in cycle efficiency between conventional combustion and premixed CI fumigation modes.
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Reyes, Joseph Gerard T., and Edwin N. Quiros. "Determination of the Start and End of Combustion in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using the Apparent Heat Release Rate." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3446.
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The combustion duration in an internal combustion engine is the period bounded by the engine crank angles known as the start of combustion (SOC) and end of combustion (EOC), respectively. This period is essential in analysis of combustion for the such as the production of exhaust emissions. For compression-ignition engines, such as diesel engines, several approaches were developed in order to approximate the crank angle for the start of combustion. These approaches utilized the curves of measured in-cylinder pressures and determining by inspection the crank angle where the slope is steep following a minimum value, indicating that combustion has begun. These pressure data may also be utilized together with the corresponding cylinder volumes to generate the apparent heat release rate (AHRR), which shows the trend of heat transfer of the gases enclosed in the engine cylinder. The start of combustion is then determined at the point where the value of the AHRR is minimum and followed by a rapid increase in value, whereas the EOC is at the crank angle where the AHRR attains a flat slope prior to the exhaust stroke of the engine. To verify the location of the SOC, injection line pressures and fuel injection timing are also used. This method was applied in an engine test bench using a four-cylinder common-rail direct injection diesel engine with a pressure transducer installed in the first cylinder. Injector line pressures and fuel injector voltage signals per engine cycle were also recorded and plotted. By analyzing the trends of this curves in line with the generated AHRR curves, the SOC may be readily determined.