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1
Stone, Andrew Colin. "Oil/water separation in a novel cyclone separator." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5202.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional bulk oil-water separation is performed in large gravity separators that take
up large areas and potentially contain large volumes of hazardous material. An
intensified bulk separator has the potential to provide significant benefit in saving space,
especially where this is at a premium, and in improving safety.
The I-SEP, a novel geometry of Axial-Flow Cyclone (also known as Uniflow or
straight-through) separator, has been tested as an intensified bulk oil-water separator.
The objective of this work is to quantify performance by producing a map of separation
performance with variation of inlet conditions, using variation of outlet back pressure to
make the separator adaptable to variable inlet flow. A second objective is to compare
the experimental performance of the I-SEP with a mathematical model.
Using a Perspex test-unit with kerosene, or a silicone-based oil, and water in a batch
flow loop, a map has been produced for outlet compositions and separation efficiencies
at multiple inlet velocities. This was done for a range of inlet water cuts from 10% to
90% and with a geometry varied by lengthening the separating chamber of the test unit.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics model using the Reynolds-Stress model has been
developed with the FLUENT 6.0 CFD code. This has been compared with quantitative
flow visualisation data and drop sizing information to model the separation of the
cyclone by a discrete-phase technique.
An optimum configuration and operating conditions has been found, with peak
efficiencies in excess of 80%. This shows the important effect in improving
performance achieved by the manipulation of outlet flow splits using backpressure. This
Axial-Flow Cyclone design achieves a broader range of separation effect than published
Reverse-Flow Cyclone designs. However, the unit will need to undergo further
development to reduce shear and maximise residence time at high swirl.
2
Dickson, Philip James. "Gas liquid separation within a novel axial flow cyclone separator." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3999.
Full textAbstract:
Cyclone separators have been described in detail and, although substantial research has been
performed on solid / gas devices, the use of cyclones for gas / liquid separation has been
comparatively ignored; this is particularly true for higher concentrations of liquid and for
degassing applications. Consequently no generic models are available which will predict
separation efficiency or pressure drop for all designs of cyclone.
A novel design of axial flow cyclone called WELLSEP was examined for the purpose of
degassing. This design was not believed to be optimal and no design criteria or performance
prediction models were available for it. An experimental programme was therefore produced
and executed to investigate changes in geometry and the affect of fluid dynamics. Changes to
the length, vortex finder and swirl generator were examined first and then one design was
selected and tested over a number of liquid flow rates, Gas Void Fractions (GVFs) and liquid
extractions.
Data was collected from the experiments which assisted in the development of semi-empirical
models for the prediction of pressure drop and separation efficiency. These models could be
used in the design of WELLSEP.
Geometric and fluid dynamics changes have both been shown to influence the performance of
the tested cyclone. The principal conclusions that have been drawn from this research are:
" Of the tested designs, the design based upon a 30mm vortex finder diameter, settling
chamber length of three times the diameter of the cyclone and a four start helix gave the
optimum separation efficiency over the greatest range of conditions.
0 The separation efficiency is affected by the superficial liquid velocity and the liquid
extraction but not the GVF.
" The dimensionless pressure drop coefficient (Euler number) is a function of liquid
extraction and GVF. It may also be a function of the superficial liquid velocity but it is unproven by this research.
3
White, Tyrone. "Investigating gas/solid separation using a novel compact inline separator." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4615.
Full textAbstract:
Identified
as an
important issue for
marginal
fields, the removal of sand from hydrocarbon fluids
has been investigated. A
review of existing sand separation equipment
has
recognized a need
for
a new separator which will satisfy the design
and performance requirements necessary for
protecting offshore processing equipment.
This thesis
details the work and analysis undertaken which
has
contributed towards the design
and
development
of a new offshore gas/solid separator.
A
critique of
different
separation
techniques
has identified
axial
flow
cyclone
(AFC)
separators as a suitable separator
design for
offshore
desanding
applications.
After
reviewing existing models which simulate the performance of
AFC
separators a simple
classification table has been developed. Using the conclusions of this review as a starting
platform, a methodology
for developing
a new computational
fluid dynamics (CFD)
performance
model
for the new separator was proposed.
Experimental work undertaken at the CALtec laboratories
and the BG
plc
(formerly British Gas
Research and Technology) Low Thornley
test facilities
are presented.
The
results obtained
have
been
used to analysis the performance of
difference
separator
internal designs. In
addition, the
results
have been
used to evaluate the robustness of existing
AFC
performance models and
validate
the new
CFD
model.
For the
investigated
operational
duties, the new
CFD
model
has been
shown to consistently
under-predict
the collection efficiency, whereas the other
AFC
models over-predict.
From
a
design
point of view, a model which under-predicts the overall collection efficiency will result
in the over-design of the separator
for
a particular operating
duty. Therefore, the use of such a
model will ensure the design
of a separator which will offer greater than expected
levels
of
protection of
downstream
equipment
from
erosion wear.
4
Vincent, Raymond A. Jr. "Efficiency analysis of the cyclone separator using CFD techniques." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17372.
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5
Bieldt, Lodewyk Dominico Jacobus. "Modelling and performance evaluation of a soot cyclone separator / by L.D.J. Bieldt." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4121.
Full textAbstract:
This mini-dissertation reports on the performance of a cyclone separator used to remove excess soot that is typically formed during the production of pebble fuel for High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors.
A chemical vapour deposition process is used to manufacture TRISO-coated fuel particles and during this process soot is formed that needs to be removed. This removal process uses cyclone separators as pre-filters and a bag filter as the final means of preventing unwanted particles from being introduced into the atmosphere. An important requirement of the cyclone separator is the need for a safe geometry design. This implies that the containment of enriched-uranium fuel particles can under no circumstances result in a criticality situation. An advantage of this safe geometry design is that it eliminates the use of expensive gamma detectors within the cyclone separator. In this mini-dissertation, the performance of a new safe geometry cyclone separator design to be used in the
removal of soot in the manufacturing of TRISO-coated particles was investigated via theoretical
modelling.
Various models for predicting the performance of cyclone separators are in existence. These were
examined and the best-suited model for the task at hand was selected. The model as described by Li
and Wang appeared to be the most applicable and useful, given the available information, such as
the cyclone geometries and particle characteristics. Li and Wang’s model, as with many of the other
models in the literature, were developed to calculate the collection efficiency. This model was first
benchmarked with empirical data obtained from the current cyclone separator used in the production
of coated particles at the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) Advance Coater Facility (ACF)
situated at Pelindaba in South Africa.
The calibrated model was then used to predict the collection efficiencies of three newly designed
cyclone separators. The results obtained from the model predicted an increase in collection efficiency
for all the newly designed cyclone separators when compared to the existing units. Therefore, this
project found that any of the newly designed cyclones should serve as a good alternative to the
current cyclone separator.Thesis (M.Ing. (Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
6
Dolbear, S. "Use of numerical techniques to model and improve cyclone dust separator performance." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372303.
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7
Lucarelli, Nicola. "Pressure-Sensitive Paint Measurements and CFD Analysis of Vortex Flow in a Cyclone Separator." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1579623680778155.
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8
Garwood, D. R. "Fluid flow and performance characteristics of a cyclone separator operating under side stream conditions." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1995. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/fluid-flow-and-performance-characteristics-of-a-cyclone-separator-operating-under-side-stream-conditions(22842498-a0ae-4789-93bf-0be3798ac580).html.
Full textAbstract:
This study has involved the investigation of the flows in a high efficiency cyclone separator and the performance characteristics of the cyclone when operating under the influence of base suction. It has long been accepted that a bleed taken from the base region of a cyclone could, generally, enhance the overall collection efficiency. However, detail analyses and investigations have been limited. This investigation has involved flow visualisation, laser Doppler anemometry, computational fluid Dynamics, as well as both model particle tests and full scale prototype tests to quantify the effect of base suction and cyclone performance. Flow visualisation has highlighted the extension of the vortices into the solid receiver at the base of the cyclone. The flow patterns in this region have been investigated and quantified using laser Doppler anemometry and this result compared to the predictions from computational fluid dynamics. Agreement between these results tends to be good in the inner vortex but less good in the outer vortex region. Model particle tests have shown that the extension of the vortices into the solid receiver results in the complete destruction of the dust layer in the receiver with the subsequent re-entrainment and carry over of particulate to the vortex finder. These particle tests have shown that this re-entrainment can be suppressed by the application of a suction in the base region and the overall collection efficiency improved. A bleed flow of 10% by volume is shown to give the maximum overall efficiency. Above this percentage the efficiency reduces. This trend in the results was also confirmed by full scale prototype tests.
9
Hanafy, Shalaby Hemdan. "ON THE POTENTIAL OF LARGE EDDY SIMULATION TO SIMULATE CYCLONE SEPARATORS." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200700133.
Full textAbstract:
This study was concerned with the most common reverse flow type of cyclones where
the flow enters the cyclone through a tangential inlet and leaves via an axial outlet
pipe at the top of the cyclone. Numerical computations of two different cyclones were
based on the so-called Stairmand cyclone. The difference in geometry between these
two cyclones was basically characterized by the geometrical swirl number Sg of 3.5
and 4.
Turbulent secondary flows inside a straight square channel have been studied numerically
by using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) in order to verify the implementation
process. Prandtl’s secondary motion calculated by LES shows satisfying agreement
with both, Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and experimental results.
Numerical calculations were carried out at various axial positions and at the apex
cone of a gas cyclone separator. Two different NS-solvers (a commercial one, and
a research code), based on a pressure correction algorithm of the SIMPLE method
have been applied to predict the flow behavior. The flow was assumed as unsteady,
incompressible and isothermal. A k − epsilon turbulence model has been applied first
using the commercial code to investigate the gas flow. Due to the nature of cyclone
flows, which exhibit highly curved streamlines and anisotropic turbulence, advanced
turbulence models such as RSM (Reynolds Stress Model) and LES (Large
Eddy Simulation) have been used as well. The RSM simulation was performed using
the commercial package CFX4.4, while for the LES calculations the research code
MISTRAL/PartFlow-3D code developed in our multiphase research group has been
applied utilizing the Smagorinsky model. It was found that the k − epsilon model cannot
predict flow phenomena inside the cyclone properly due to the strong curvature of
the streamlines. The RSM results are comparable with LES results in the area of
the apex cone plane. However, the application of the LES reveals qualitative agreement
with the experimental data, but requires higher computer capacity and longer
running times than RSM.
These calculations of the continuous phase flow were the basis for modeling the
behavior of the solid particles in the cyclone separator. Particle trajectories, pressure
drop and the cyclone separation efficiency have been studied in some detail.
This thesis is organized into five chapters. After an introduction and overview,
chapter 2 deals with continuous phase flow turbulence modeling including the governing
equations. The emphasis will be based on LES modelling. Furthermore, the
disperse phase motion is treated in chapter 3. In chapter 4, the validation process
of LES implementation with channel flow is presented. Moreover, prediction profiles
of the gas flow are presented and discussed. In addition, disperse phase flow results
are presented and discussed such as particle trajectories; pressure drop and cyclone
separation efficiency are also discussed. Chapter 5 summarizes and concludes the
thesis.
10
Alahmadi, Yaser. "On the application of an eddy viscosity turbulence model sensitized to rotation/curvature to the cyclone separator." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11779/.
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11
Miček, Michal. "Separace drobných kapiček rozptýlených v proudu páry." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231822.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused on separation water drops from jet of steam. Liested are some of basic principles of separation of moisture and particles, as well as equipment, which are using these principles. Furthemore, this thesis include the part devoted to water drop formation during condesation of vapor. Last part is focused on the design of cyclone separator.
12
Afolabi, Jamiu Lanre. "The performance of a static coal classifier and its controlling parameters." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11078.
Full textAbstract:
In power generation from solid fuel such as coal-fired power plants, combustion efficiency can be monitored by the loss on ignition (LOI) of the pulverised fuel. It is the role of the pulveriser-classifier combination to ensure pulverised fuel delivered to the burners is within the specified limits of fineness and mass flow deviation required to keep the LOI at an acceptable level. However, government imposed limits on emissions have spurred the conversion of many coal fired power plants to convert to the use of Low NOx Burners. To maintain good LOI or combustion efficiency, the limits of fineness and mass flow deviation or inter-outlet fuel distribution have become narrower. A lot of existing pulveriser units cannot operate efficiently within these limits hence retrofits of short term solutions such as orifice balancing and classifier maintenance has been applied. The work performed in this thesis relates to an investigation into coal classifier devices that function to control fineness and inter pipe balancing upstream of the burner and downstream of the pulverisers. A cold flow model of a static classifier was developed to investigate the flow characteristics so that design optimisations can be made. Dynamic similarity was achieved by designing a 1/3 scale model with air as the continuous phase and glass cenospheres of a similar size distribution as pulverised fuel, to simulate the coal dust. The rig was operated in positive pressure with air at room temperature and discharge to atmosphere. The Stokes number similarity (0.11-prototype vs. 0.08-model) was the most important dimensionless parameter to conserve as Reynolds number becomes independent of separation efficiency and pressure drop at high industrial values such as 2 x 10 4 Hoffman, 2008). Air-fuel ratio was also compromised and an assumption of dilute flow was made to qualify this. However, the effect of air fuel ratio was ascertained by its inclusion as an experimental variable. Experiments were conducted at air flow rates of 1.41-1.71kg/s and air fuel ratios of 4.8-10 with classifier vane angle adjustment (30°- 60°) and inlet swirl umbers (S) of 0.49 – 1. Radial profiles of tangential, axial and radial velocity were obtained at several cross sections to determine the airflow pattern and establish links with the separation performance and outlet flow balance. Results show a proportional relationship between cone vane angle and cut size or particle fineness. Models can be derived from the data so that reliable predictions of fineness and outlet fuel balance can be used in power stations and replace simplistic and process simulator models that fail to correctly predict performance. It was found that swirl intensity is more significant a parameter in obtaining balanced flow at the classifier outlets than uniform air flow distribution in the mill. However the latter is important in obtaining high grade efficiencies and cut size. The study concludes that the static classifier can be further improved and retrofit-able solutions can be applied to problems of outlet flow imbalance and poor fineness at the mill outlets.
13
Vafek, Petr. "Úprava multicyklonu za biomasovým kotlem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417450.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with multitube cyclone changes leading to improve separating efficiency of solid particles. The thesis begins with theoretical part, in which the attributes and types of solid particle separators focusing on cyclones are presented. The practical part begins with separating efficiency and pressure drop calculation of the specific multitube cyclone. Subsequently the separating problem is explained and the changes leading to eliminating this problem are presented and evaluated. In the last and main part of thesis the design project including piping design and fan choice is created.
14
Mahmoodabadi, Majid. "KOREAN ANTHRACITE COAL CLEANING BY MEANS OF DRY AND WET BASED SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/18.
Full textAbstract:
Korean coals are typically high rank anthracite characterized by high ash content and difficult cleaning characteristics. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of treating various size fractions within the coal using an assortment of physical coal cleaning technologies. Dry cleaning is preferred due to the friability of the coal. As such, three pneumatic processes were tested including Ore Sorting for the plus 10 mm material, Air Table Separation for 10 x 1 mm fraction and Tribo-electric Separator for - 1 mm fraction. The Dense Medium Cyclone is known to be one of the most efficient separation processes and thus was evaluated for the cleaning of 10 x 1 mm coal.
To realize the optimum performances from the Air Table and Rotary Tribo-electric Separator, their operational variables were systematically studied using a parametric experimental design. In addition, the dense medium cyclone and X-ray Transmission Sorting trials were performed under various medium densities and separation settings, respectively. A comparison of the cleaning performance revealed that the Dense Medium Cyclone and X-ray Transmission Sorting proved to provide the most effective results with maximum ash rejection and combustible recovery. The tribo-electric separation process was ineffective while the air table provided modest ash reduction potential.
15
Grimble, Thomas Alan. "Aeroacoustics of cyclone separators." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709389.
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16
Yusuf, Ahmed A. "The study of down-hole hydro-cyclone efficiency in oil wells using computational fluid dynamics." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4886.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 64 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
17
Barbaris, Lucas. "Industrial and automotive applications of cyclone particulate separators." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287045.
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18
Kanshio, Sunday. "Multiphase flow in pipe cyclonic separator." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9847.
Full textAbstract:
In the petroleum industry, cyclonic separators are acceptable as hydrocyclone, mist eliminators, separator internal device and compact metering package. Weight and small footprint requirements for applications such as subsea separation, downhole separation, and compact gas monetization systems is driving interest in using cyclonic separator for bulk gas-liquid separation. Unfortunately, the challenge of coping with the effect of unsteady inlet flow behaviour on the separator performance limit it acceptance for bulk gas-liquid separation. Fundamental understanding of the flow behaviour inside the separator under various inlet flow conditions is required to deal with the challenge. While most published work have addressed flow behaviour in the lower half of cyclonic separator, this thesis concentrated on the upper half. A gas-liquid pipe cyclonic separator was setup at Cranfield University for bulk gas-liquid separation. Large amount of data at the inlet and upper part of the separator were acquired using electrical resistance tomography (ERT), wire meshes sensor (WMS), conductivity hold up probe and pressure transducers. The acquired data were used in analysing flow regimes, upward swirling liquid film (USLF), zero-net liquid flow (ZNLF), liquid holdup and, general separator performance. It was found from analysis of USLF data that a maximum USLF height exists for every constant superficial liquid velocity. A correlation based on dimensionless numbers was proposed for predicting this height. Experimental results on ZNLF showed that a critical ZNLF also exist above which liquid carryover can take place. The liquid holdup for this critical ZNLF was measured under separator operating condition using ERT and a correlation for predicting the liquid holdup was proposed. Four flow regimes were identified as swirling annular, light-mist heavy-mist and churn using visual observations, ERT, WMS and pressure transducer. A flow regime map was proposed based on gas and liquid Froude number. The performance based on the operating envelope for liquid carryover and pressure drop for horizontal and 270 downward inclined tangential inlet was compared. It was concluded that the separation performance was marginally improved by using an inclined tangential inlet. The pressure drop for the inclined inlet was far greater than that of horizontal inlet. Two inlet nozzles with D–shape were used for separation enhancement. The nozzle that reduces the diameter of full pipe bore by 25% gave slight improvement but also gave the greatest pressure drop. The nozzle that reduced the full pipe bore diameter by 50% performed poorly.
19
Olagunju, Moses Oladipo. "A study of efficient recovery of liquid from fine air-liquid mists of the form generated in gas turbine bearing chambers using rotating porous disc." Thesis, University of East London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265060.
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20
Subramanian, Vijay S. "Measuring medium segregation in the dense-medium cyclone using gamma-ray tomography /." [St. Lucia, Qld. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16719.pdf.
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21
Engman, Randy W. "Cyclone scale-up and radial gas concentration profiles." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29937.
Full textAbstract:
A two part study was undertaken to explain the performance of cyclones operated in circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) systems.
In the first part, collection efficiency tests were performed on a one-ninth scale polyacrylic cyclone model of the industrial scale cyclone at the 22 MWe CFBC facility at Chatham, New Brunswick. Emphasis was placed on scale-up considerations, loading effects, inlet geometry effects, and flow visualization trials. Experiments were performed at room temperature with inlet velocities between 3.7 and 5.5 m/s, solids loading between 0.05 and 7.5 mass solids/mass air with two different solids systems. There was disappointing agreement between the results from the Chatham unit, scaled according to Stokes Number scaling, and the findings obtained from the cold model unit. There was a minimum in the particle collection efficiency for particles of diameter 2.5 to 3.0 µm, apparently associated with agglomeration effects in the cyclone. Particle collection efficiency was found to increase with increased particle loading for the conditions studied. Changes in the inlet geometry gave inconclusive results. The experimental results were limited by problems associated with feeding and recycling the fines solids system used.
In the second part radial gas concentration profiles of a secondary cyclone serving the UBC pilot scale Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor were performed at temperatures of about 870 ℃. Concentrations of O₂ , CO₂ , NO[formula omitted] , CH₄ , CO and SO₂ were measured. An increase in [CO], and to a lesser extent [CO₂], was measured near the cyclone wall. There appeared to be little radial variation in the concentration of other species.
Further work is required to allow the cold model to operate continuously, with particles which can be fed more freely, and to obtain radial gas concentration profiles within the primary cyclone of the UBC CFBC system.Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
22
Allstaff, E. J. "Gas/liquid separation in an I-SEP cyclone." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10724.
Full textAbstract:
An extensive
experimental programme tested an l-SEP unit with air and water.
This
provided data on the separation efficiency and pressure drop across the l-
SEP, as they varied with changing inlet conditions, geometry and outlet
restrictions.
The main conclusion from this work is that the resistance on
the outlets directly
affects the
efficiency of the separator. Although it is possible to optimise the
performance by changing 'the geometry, a small change in inlet conditions,
common in oil and
gas applications, causes the performance to change. _By
using an identified relationship between the differential pressure and the
operating conditions, an optimum performance over a much wider range of inlet
conditions can be achieved.
This work has contributed to the field of gas/liquid separation in axial-flow
cyclones by demonstrating that manipulating the differential pressure between
the outlets can control the
separation efficiency. The relationship developed
between the
optimum differential pressure and the inlet conditions has not been
identified in
any of the literature available at the time of this work.
23
Allstaff, Ewan James. "Gas/liquid separation in an I-SEP cyclone." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10724.
Full textAbstract:
An extensive experimental programme tested an l-SEP unit with air and water. This provided data on the separation efficiency and pressure drop across the l- SEP, as they varied with changing inlet conditions, geometry and outlet restrictions. The main conclusion from this work is that the resistance on the outlets directly affects the efficiency of the separator. Although it is possible to optimise the performance by changing 'the geometry, a small change in inlet conditions, common in oil and gas applications, causes the performance to change. _By using an identified relationship between the differential pressure and the operating conditions, an optimum performance over a much wider range of inlet conditions can be achieved. This work has contributed to the field of gas/liquid separation in axial-flow cyclones by demonstrating that manipulating the differential pressure between the outlets can control the separation efficiency. The relationship developed between the optimum differential pressure and the inlet conditions has not been identified in any of the literature available at the time of this work.
24
Lidén, Göran. "Sampling cyclones for respirable dust." Lund : Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Division of Working Environment, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=g0ttAAAAMAAJ.
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25
Adebare, Adedeji. "Optimizing the efficiency of cylindrical cyclone gas/liquid separators for field applications." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4417.
Full textAbstract:
Problems associated with the use of compact cylindrical cyclone gas/liquid (CCGL)
separators can be attributed to two physical phenomena: gas carry-under and liquid carryover
(LCO). Inadequate understanding of the complex multiphase hydrodynamic flow
pattern inside the cylindrical separator has inhibited complete confidence in its design
and use, hence the need for more research.
While many works have been done with a fixed inlet slot to predict the operational
efficiency of the cyclone separator, very little is known about how separator performance
can be influenced due to changes in fluid properties. During the operations of the CCGL
separator the complex flow situations arising from severe foaming within the separator
has not been addressed. Also the effects of emulsion formation under three phase flow
conditions on the properties of cyclone separators are yet to be studied.
An understanding of liquid holdup and hydrodynamic nature of flow in a compact
separator under zero net liquid flow (ZNLF) and zero net gas flow (ZNGF) conditions is
necessary in many field applications, especially for the prediction of LCO and in the
design of the CCGL separators. Also, ZNLF holdup is an important parameter in
predicting bottom-hole pressures in pumping oil wells.
This research investigated the effects of fluid properties such as density, foam and
emulsion formation on ZNLF, zero net gas flow ZNGF, and LCO in compact cyclone
separators; this was achieved by replacing water, which is the conventional fluid used as
the liquid medium in many previous research efforts with a foamy oil while maintaining
air as the gas phase. Variable-inlet-slots that regulate the artificial gravity environment
created by the separator were used to check for improved separator performance. Also experiments to check separator response to a range of water-cut in three-phase flow were
performed. All experiments were carried out under low constant separator pressures.
The ZNLF holdup is observed to decrease as the density of the fluid medium
decreases. Varying the inlet slot configurations and recombination points does not have
any effect on the ZNLF holdup when changes in density of the liquid phase occur.
Comparisons with previous work show that there exists a wide variation in the LCO
operational envelope when severe foaming occurs in the CCGL separator. At high watercut
(greater than 30%), the separator LCO performance was observed to be normal.
However, at water-cut below 30%, LCO was initiated much earlier; this is attributed to
severe foaming in the CCGL separator.
26
Uddandam, Vinay R. "Computer Simulation of an Electrostatic Cyclonic Emissions Separator." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1226948332.
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27
Cheng, Sean Jikang. "Numerical and experimental study of cyclone separators for aerosol drug delivery." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608073.
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28
Ng, Sin Yuan. "Gas-liquid separation using axial flow cyclones." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419640.
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Kegg, Steve W. "A Numerical Investigation of Gas Cyclone Separation Efficiency with Comparison to Experimental Data and Presentation of a Computer-Based Cyclone Design Methodology." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1216912969.
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Obeng, Daniel Philip. "The Three-product cyclone : separation performance, potentrial applications and modelling /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17416.pdf.
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Slack, Michael David. "Separation of particles from liquids by the solid core cyclone." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/750.
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A computational and physical modelling study is made of the removal of inclusions from liquid steel by use of a novel form of hydrocyclone in which a solid conical core that replaces the conventional vortex finder acts as a guide to the spiralling liquid flow and acts also as a capture surface for disentrained inclusions. In preliminary investigations, an inviscid computational model is derived that is found to be effective in outlining the general behaviour of specific hydrocyclone flows when tested against published experimental results. The more generally applicable commercial CFD code Fluent is likewise tested, from which it is shown that, among the turbulence models available, the anisotropic turbulence typical of spiralling hydrocyclone flows requires a form of Reynolds stress model for effective computation. The conventional k-c model is found to be misleading. On this basis, mathematical modelling and optimal computational design of hydrocyclones containing an axial conical solid core show that the separation efficiency of the cyclone is profoundly enhanced by the presence of a core, and that by use of a particle tracking model effective centripetal migration of inclusion particles in steel will occur towards the core. Experiments with a water model of computed optimal cyclone designs provided effective validation of the numerical study. Photographically active particles of neutral density were tracked by a novel stroboscopic technique which permitted bi-directional observation revealing instantaneous velocity, spatial position and spiral angle. Using populations of low density particles having the same spectrum of Stokes velocity as inclusions in the size range 35 to 150 microns found typically in liquid steel, sampling by Coulter counter showed that effective separation to the core surface of particles down to an equivalent size of 30 microns was achieved. In a final step, a pilot cyclone design for use with steel was established and water model tests at full scale showed that stable cyclone flow and discharge are achievable with gravity feed to the cyclone.
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Lans, Patrik. "Numerical Methods for Simulating Separation in a Vacuum Cleaner Cyclone." Thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194498.
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This thesis includes a numerical comparison of different turbulence models and particle models in terms of convergence time and physical accuracy. A cyclone is used as the computational domain. Cyclones are common devices for separating two or more substances. The work is divided into an experimental part and a numerical part. In the experiments, characteristics of the cyclone were measured. This data is then used to evaluate different numerical modeling approaches. The numerical part consists of two parts, namely single phase flow and multiphase flow, where different modeling aspects are examined and presented. Furthermore, important parameters that characterize a cyclone, such as pressure drop and separation efficiency, are calculated. The separation efficiency, i.e. how much dust that actually goes to the dust bin, is calculated for two different types of dust. The software used for the numerical simulations has been Star-CCM+.
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Hoyt, Nathaniel C. "The Performance of Passive Cyclonic Separators in Microgravity." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1369334515.
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Kharraz, Adel Omar. "Stability of Swirling Flow in Passive Cyclonic Separator in Microgravity." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case150257066154572.
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Wiik, Marianne, and Mikaela Sahlin. "Life Cycle Assessment : Life cycle assessment of a high speed centrifugal separator." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32798.
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The main objective is to perform a life cycle assessment (LCA) on a hot milk high-speed centrifugal separator (HMRPX 918-HGV-74C, product number 881275 01 01. The purpose of a life cycle assessment (LCA) is to provide a picture of a product’s total environmental impact during its lifecycle. The study is carried out according to ISO 14 040, i.e. all methods, data and assumptions are accounted for in order to make an external review possible. An LCA could provide the basis for an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD). The LCA clearly shows that the main environmental impact of the separator is caused by CIP and electricity used during operation. The major part of the impact from the CIP chemicals is due to the energy needed for their manufacture. Fossil fuels account for most of the impact for both operation and manufacture of chemicals. Therefore customers should be encouraged to use environmentally friendly electricity and chemicals, such as renewable energy sources and sodium hydroxide made with membrane technology. It is also important to use as little as possible of cleaning agents and make sure that waste is treated properly.www.ima.kth.se
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Gauthier, Thierry, and MAURICE BERGOURGNON. "Etude de la separation gaz-solides dans un cyclone a cocourant." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066135.
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Un cyclone a co-courant est etudie experimentalement pour effectuer une separation gaz-solides tres rapide de suspensions dont la charge en solides (egale au rapport massique du debit de solides sur le debit de gaz) varie de 1 a 10 pds/pds. Les resultats obtenus dans une maquette froide de 0,051 m de diametre avec de l'air et des villes de verre (dont le diametre de sauter est de 29 m) montrent qu'il est possible d'obtenir des efficacites de collecte superieures a 99,9%. A tres hautes charges en solides (superieures a 6 pds/pds), le fonctionnement du separateur depend de la qualite de son alimentation. La circulation du gaz dans le separateur a ete caracterisee experimentalement. Le vortex tend a penetrer dans la sortie des solides ce qui favorise l'efficacite de collecte mais nuit a la distribution des temps de sejour du gaz que l'on a egalement mesuree
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Kang, Ming-Fang. "INVESTIGATION OF PASSIVE CYCLONIC GAS-LIQUID SEPARATOR PERFORMANCE FOR MICROGRAVITY APPLICATIONS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1481295717930627.
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Li, Yeyuan. "Numerical and Analytical Study of Passive Cyclonic Separator Performance in Microgravity." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1598023421653293.
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Uvwo, Ighofasan. "Expanding the operational envelope of compact cylindrical cyclone gas/liquid separators using a variable inlet-slot configuration." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3300.
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Despite the numerous advantages associated with using compact cylindrical cyclone
gas/liquid separators, particularly for upstream production operations, the lack of a full
understanding of the complex hydrodynamic process taking place in it and its Âunfamiliarity to
oil field personnel has hindered its widespread use. The complexity associated with this
technology is attributed to two limiting physical phenomena, liquid carry-over and gas carryunder.
While a lot of work has been done to better understand and predict the liquid carry-over
operational envelope, little or no information about methods capable of adequately predicting or
characterizing the gas carry-under performance of such separators is available.
Traditionally, to mitigate the gas carry-under phenomena, the use of complex control
algorithms and systems has been employed. These systems make the technology expensive (as
opposed to the potential cost reduction it promises) and impractical for realistic use in the oil
field where reliability is of critical importance.
A simpler solution, the use of changeable or adjustable inlet-slots that regulate the artificial
gravity environment created in the separator, could significantly improve the gas carry-under
performance of cylindrical cyclone separators.
This research has focused primarily on the use of adjustable inlet-slots. Theoretical analysis
and experimental data investigating the benefits of variable inlet geometry have been provided.
This work lays the foundation or validation required to perform more tests on a field-scale
version to verify the results presented here. A modular design of such a variable inlet-slot inletsection
has the potential of simplifying the design and specifications of cylindrical cyclone
gas/liquid separators.
From the results of this investigation, it was found that the gas carry-under performance of a
cylindrical cyclone gas/liquid separator could be improved considerably over a wider range of
operating conditions by adjusting the size of the inlet-slots. This contradicts earlier reports of
liquid carry-over improvement in separator performance.
Also, for the first time, a simple method for theoretically analyzing the percent improvement
in separator gas carry-under performance using the optimum g-force concept is presented. This
method could be incorporated into design software for determining the slot-size configuration
required for varying separator-operating conditions.
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Yazdabadi, Paul Adi. "A study of the precessing vortex core in cyclone dust separators and a method of prevention." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297246.
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Sgrott, Oscar Lino Verfasser], and Martin [Gutachter] [Sommerfeld. "Influence of interparticle interactions on the performance of cyclone separators / Oscar Lino Sgrott ; Gutachter: Martin Sommerfeld." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1220036544/34.
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Che, Viet Nhat Anh. "Cyclostationary analysis : cycle frequency estimation and source separation." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4035.
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Le problème de séparation aveugle de sources a but de retrouver un ensemble des sources signaux statistiquement indépendants à partir seulement d’un ensemble des observations du capteur. Ces observations peuvent être modélisées comme un mélanges linéaires instantané ou convolutifs de sources. Dans cette thèse, les sources signaux sont supposées être cyclostationnaire où leurs fréquences cycles peuvent être connues ou inconnu par avance. Premièrement, nous avons établi des relations entre le spectre, spectre de puissance d’un signal source et leurs composants, puis nous avons proposé deux nouveaux algorithmes pour estimer sa fréquences cycliques. Ensuite, pour la séparation aveugle de sources en mélanges instantanés, nous présentons quatre algorithmes basés sur diagonalisation conjoint approchées orthogonale (ou non-orthogonales) d’une famille des matrices cycliques multiples moment temporel, or l’approche matricielle crayon pour extraire les sources signaux. Nous introduisons aussi et prouver une nouvelle condition identifiabilité pour montrer quel type de sources cyclostationnaires d’entrée peuvent être séparées basées sur des statistiques cyclostationnarité à l’ordre deux. Pour la séparation aveugle de sources en mélanges convolutifs, nous présentons un algorithme en deux étapes basées sur une approche dans le domaine temporel pour récupérer les signaux source. Les simulations numériques sont utilisés dans cette thèse pour démontrer l’efficacité de nos approches proposées, et de comparer les performances avec leurs méthodes précédentesBlind source separation problem aims to recover a set of statistically independent source signals from a set of sensor observations. These observations can be modeled as an instantaneous or convolutive mixture of the same sources. In this dissertation, the source signals are assumed to be cyclostationary where their cycle frequencies may be known or unknown a priori. First, we establish relations between the spectrum, power spectrum of a source signal and its component, then we propose two novel algorithms to estimate its cycle frequencies. Next, for blind separation of instantaneous mixtures of sources, we present four algorithms based on orthogonal (or non-orthogonal) approximate diagonalization of the multiple cyclic temporal moment matrices, and the matrix pencil approach to extract the source signal. We also introduce and prove a new identifiability condition to show which kind of input cyclostationary sources can be separated based on second-order cyclostationarity statistics. For blind separation of convolutive mixtures of sources signal or blind deconvolution of FIR MIMO systems, we present a two-steps algorithm based on time domain approach for recovering the source signals. Numerical simulations are used throughout this thesis to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches, and compare theirs performances with previous methods
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Amini, Seyed Hassan. "ULTRA CLEAN COAL PRODUCTION USING DENSE MEDIUM SEPARATION FOR THE SILICON MARKET." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/14.
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The production of high quality silicon requires the use of ultraclean coal containing less than 1.5% ash. The magnetite used to clean the coal in a dense medium process is a contaminant that seriously impacts the quality of the final silicon product. As such, research has been conducted to evaluate the potential to substitute the magnetite with fine silica–based alternative material generated during the silicon production process. Dense medium cyclone tests were performed based on a statistically designed program to determine the optimum conditions that maximize organic efficiency and minimize probable error and low–density bypass. The results revealed that a clean coal product with less than 1.5% ash can be produced using a medium formed from the silicon production waste with an organic efficiency value of around 99% and a probable error value below 0.02. There was no measurable bypass of high density particles into the product stream or low–density particles into the reject stream.
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Addison, Coby Braxton. "Development of a Multi-Stream Monitoring and Control System for Dense Medium Cyclones." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31120.
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Dense medium cyclones (DMCs) have become the workhorse of the coal preparation industry due to their high efficiency, large capacity, small footprint and low maintenance requirements. Although the advantages of DMCs make them highly desirable, size-by-size partitioning data collected from industrial operations suggest that DMC performance can suffer in response to fluctuations in feed coal quality. In light of this problem, a multi-stream monitoring system that simultaneously measures the densities of the feed, overflow and underflow medium around a DMC circuit was designed, installed and evaluated at an industrial plant site. The data obtained from this real-time data acquisition system indicated that serious shortcomings exist in the methods commonly used by industry to monitor and control DMC circuits. This insight, together with size-by-size partition data obtained from in-plant sampling campaigns, was used to develop an improved control algorithm that optimizes DMC performance over a wide range of feed coal types and operating conditions. This document describes the key features of the multi-stream monitoring system and demonstrates how this approach may be used to potentially improve DMC performance.Master of Science
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Mazyan, Walid Ibrahim. "Increasing efficiency of particle separation in natural gas cyclones using passive and active enhancements." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61486.
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Natural gas goes through several processes ranging from extraction, treatment, liquefaction and regasification. Among these processes, treatment, specifically the removal of solid particles, has a crucial role due to its impact on annual maintenance and efficiency of downstream equipment and processes. In essence, solid particles need to be removed at a high efficiency without increasing the pressure drop and hence power consumption in the system. Cyclone separators have been used to remove large solid particles through centrifugal forces. The main disadvantage of cyclones is their efficiency, especially for particles below 5 micrometer. Numerous studies have been conducted in improving the separation efficiency of cyclones by either spraying a mist of water or changing their geometry to increase the centrifugal forces. The main disadvantage of the majority of the geometrical modifications is the fact that they cause a significant increase in the pressure drop (at least by 15%). The mist approach, increasing the density of the particles and hence the efficiency, relies on water which adds additional cost.
This research focuses on the implementation of active and passive modifications to enhance the separation efficiency of cyclones without increasing the pressure drop. The active modifications include the addition of electrostatic and magnetic forces, effects of which are studied theoretically and experimentally. The passive method involves addition of a tangential collecting chamber at the conical section. The effect of such a modification is studied thoroughly based on experiments and CFD modeling. The theoretical and experimental investigation of the electrostatic and magnetic effects show an increase in the separation efficiency of 34% and 24% for 4-micrometer particles, respectively. The results of the CFD analysis and experimental study for the passive modification (i.e., the additional chamber) suggest an increase of maximum 26% for 4-micrometer particles. The CFD results conducted for a range of particles also suggest that such a geometrical modification can increase the efficiency by 51% for 1-micrometer particles for which the increase in the pressure drop increase is only 8% (half of the minimum value reported before). These increases in the efficiency will make the cyclones a viable separator with minimum maintenance costs.Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Rouse, Anna Jane. "Fast cycle low pressure drop systems for the separation of COâ‚‚." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406861.
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Zhang, Yumo. "PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION AND EVALUATION OF INNOVATIVE NON-DESLIMED NON-CLASSIFIED GRAVITY-FED HM CYCLONE." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/19.
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Coal preparation plants are required in some cases to produce a high-grade product using a low specific gravity cut-point. For these situations, a second higher gravity separation would be desirable to generate a mid-grade product that can be utilized for electricity generation thereby maximizing coal recovery. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of achieving efficient separations at two different density cut-points in a single stage using a three-product dense medium cyclone. Variations in density cut-point and process efficiency values were quantified as a function of the feed medium density, feed medium-to-coal ratio, and feed pressure using a three-level experimental design program. Results indicate the ability to effectively treat coal over a particle size range from 6mm to 0.15mm while achieving both low- and high-density cut-points up to 1.95 relative density. Ash content decreased from 27.98% in the feed to an average of 7.77% in the clean coal product and 25.76% in the middlings product while sulfur content was reduced from 3.87 to 2.83% in the clean coal product. The overall combustible recovery was maintained above 90% while producing clean coal products with ash and total sulfur content as low as 5.85 and 2.68%, respectively. Organic efficiency values were consistently about 95% and probable error values were in the range of 0.03 to 0.05, which indicates the ability to provide a separation performance equivalent to or better than traditional coal cleaning technologies.
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Smith, Devin Foster. "Water cycling on cultivated land: an investigation of hydrological separation in the vadose zone." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555524914120314.
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Rémy, Christian. "Life cycle assessment of conventional and source separation systems for urban wastewater management /." kostenfrei, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2010/2543/.
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Remy, Christian. "Life cycle assessment of conventional and source-separation systems for urban wastewater management." Clausthal-Zellerfeld Papierflieger, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000877817/04.
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