Dissertations / Theses: 'Cyclones'

1

Petty, Kevin R. "The effects of synoptic factors on the intensities of tropical cyclones over the eastern North Pacific Ocean." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39803779.html.

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Spollen, Rachael A. "Meteorological and model traits knowledge bases for North Indian Ocean tropical cyclones." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FSpollen.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Russell L. Elsberry, Patrick A. Harr, Mark A. Boothe. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-120). Also available online.

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3

Fu, Bing. "An observational analysis of tropical cyclogenesis in the Western North Pacific." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7030.

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Budzko, David C. "North Pacific tropical cyclones and teleconnections." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA432435.

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Ford, Debra M. "Forecasting tropical cyclone recurvature using an empirical othogonal [sic] function representation of vorticity fields." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA238489.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Elsberry, Russell L. ; Harr, Patrick A. "September 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on December 16, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): EOF (empirical orthogonal functions). Author(s) subject terms: Tropical cyclones, recurvature, empirical orthogonal functions. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74). Also available in print.

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Miller, Ronald J. "An Investigation of the ERICA IOP-2 Cyclone Using the NORAPS Model." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA237683.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Wash, Carlyle H. Second Reader: Nuss, Wendell L. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 19, 2009. DTIC Indicator(s): Weather forecasting, computerized simulation, cyclogenesis, ERICA (Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cycloner over the Atlantic), NORAPS (Naval Operational Regional Atmospheric Prediction System), Theses. Author(s) subject terms: Rapid cyclogenesis, ERICA, NORAPS. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79). Also available in print.

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Dorics, Theodore G. "An assessment of NOGAPS performance in the prediction of tropical Atlantic circulation formation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FDorics.pdf.

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8

Patterson, Peter A. "High temperature cyclones." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75974.

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Gas-solids separation was studied in a 102 mm diameter conventional cyclone operated with air heated to temperatures between 300 K and 2 000 K. Cyclone pressure drops, fractional and overall collection efficiencies were measured as functions of temperature, gas throughput, dust loading and cyclone geometry. Alumina and silica of 100% less than 44 $ mu$m mass median diameter were used as test dusts. Inlet velocities ranged from 3 to 42 m/s and inlet dust loadings were between 0.3 and 235 g/m$ sp3$.
Empirical models were derived to correlate the experimental results for the cyclone collection efficiency, pressure drop, tangential velocity and 50% cut size. The performance of the cyclones at very high temperatures was not significantly different from the room temperature behavior, provided that the effect of temperature on particle, gas and flow properties was adequately treated.

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Du, Jun 1962. "Short-range ensemble forecasting of an explosive cyclogenesis with a limited area model." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191197.

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Since the atmosphere is a chaotic system, small errors in the initial condition of any numerical weather prediction (NWP) model amplify as the forecast evolves. To estimate and possibly reduce the uncertainty of NWP associated with initial-condition uncertainty (ICU), ensemble forecasting has been proposed which is a method of, differently from the traditional deterministic forecasting, running several model forecasts starting from slightly different initial states. In this dissertation, the impact of ICU and short-range ensemble forecasting (SREF) on quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs), as well as on sea-level cyclone position and central pressure, is examined for a case of explosive cyclogenesis that occurred over the contiguous United States. A limited-area model (the PSU/NCAR MM4) is run at 80-km horizontal resolution and 15 layers to produce a 25-member, 36-h forecast ensemble. Lateral boundary conditions for the MM4 model are provided by ensemble forecasts from a global spectral model (the NCAR CCM1). The initial perturbations of the ensemble members possess a magnitude and spatial decomposition which closely match estimates of global analysis error, but they were not dynamically-conditioned. Results for 80-km ensemble forecast are compared to forecasts from the then operational Nested Grid Model (NGM), a single 40-km MM4 forecast, and a second 25-member MM4 ensemble based on a different cumulus parameterization and slightly different initial conditions. Acute sensitivity to ICU marks ensemble QPF and the forecasts of cyclone position and central pressure. Ensemble averaging always reduces the rms error for QPF. Nearly 90% of the improvement is obtainable using ensemble sizes as small as 8-10. However, ensemble averaging can adversely affect the forecasts related to precipitation areal coverage because of its smoothing nature. Probabilistic forecasts for five mutually exclusive, completely exhaustive categories are found to be skillful relative to a climatological forecast. Ensemble sizes of --, 10 can account for 90% of improvement in probability density function. Our results indicate that SREF techniques can now provide useful QPF guidance and increase the accuracy of precipitation, cyclone position, and cyclone's central pressure forecasts. With current analysis/forecast systems, the benefit from simple ensemble averaging is comparable to or exceed that obtainable from improvement in the analysis/forecast system.

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Wang, Lei. "Study of tropical cyclogenesis over the South China Sea /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MATH%202008%20WANG.

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Mundhenk, Bryan D. "A statistical-dynamical approach to intraseasonal prediction of tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/March/09Mar%5FMundhenk.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Murphree, Tom; Meyer, David W. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Tropical Cyclones, Western North Pacific, Tropical Cyclogenesis, Intraseasonal Forecasting, Smart Climatology, Tropical Climatology, Long-Range Forecast, Long-Range Weather Support, Tropical Genesis Parameters, NCEP Climate Forecast System. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-106). Also available in print.

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Hoarau, Thomas. "Couplage aérosols-microphysique pour la simulation des cyclones tropicaux : Cas du cyclone Dumile (2013)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0012/document.

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La prévision de l'intensité des cyclones tropicaux est aujourd'hui un enjeu scientifique majeur. Parmi de nombreux facteurs multi-échelle, l'impact de la microphysique nuageuse et des aérosols sur les variations d'intensité a été récemment mis en évidence. Cette problématique a motivé l'évaluation du schéma microphysique à 2-moments LIMA en milieu tropical et le développement d'un couplage avec le schéma d'aérosols ORILAM au sein du modèle atmosphérique Meso-NH. L'intérêt de ce développement numérique est d'inclure l'émission des aérosols marins en fonction des vents cycloniques et des paramètres océaniques. L'application de ce couplage aérosols-microphysique à la simulation du cyclone tropical Dumile (2013) montre que le modèle couplé tend à améliorer la représentation de l'intensité, la trajectoire, la structure microphysique du cyclone tropical et les précipitations associées, en comparaison avec les observations. La production secondaire des cristaux de glace est également un thème de recherche actif en microphysique nuageuse. Ainsi, une paramétrisation du processus de rupture collisionnelle de la glace a été implémentée dans le schéma microphysique LIMA. L'impact de ce processus a été testé sur le développement d'un orage des moyennes latitudes et sur le cyclone tropical Dumile. Les deux cas d'étude ont des réponses similaires vis-à-vis de ce processus : une augmentation de la concentration et de la masse des cristaux de glace et une diminution des cumuls de précipitations. La poursuite de ces travaux pourrait permettre de déterminer si ce processus de formation secondaire peut améliorer la modélisation de la couverture cirriforme des cyclones tropicaux
Intensity forecast of tropical cyclones is a major scientific issue. Among many factors, the impact of cloud microphysics and aerosols on intensity variations has been recently underlined. This issue motivated the evaluation of the 2-moment microphysical scheme LIMA in a tropical context and the development of a coupling with the aerosol scheme ORILAM into the atmospheric model Meso-NH. The interest of this numerical development is to represent the emission of sea salt aerosols depending on cyclonic winds and oceanic parameters. The application of this aerosols-microphysics coupling to the simulation of tropical cyclone Dumile (2013) shows that the coupled model tends to improve the representation of the intensity, the track, the microphysical structure of the tropical cyclone and the associated precipitation, when comparing with observations. The secondary production of ice crystals is also an active research topic in cloud microphysics. A parameterization of the collisional ice break-up process is thus implemented into the microphysical scheme LIMA. The impact of this process has been analyzed on a mid-latitude storm and on tropical cyclone Dumile. Both case studies display similar results regarding this process: an increase of ice crystals concentration and mass, and a decrease of precipitation. The continuation of this work could allow to determine if this process of secondary formation could improve the cirrus modelling in tropical cyclones

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Fritz, Angela Marcelun. "North Atlantic tropical cyclones a kinetic energy perspective /." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29781.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Curry, Judith A.; Committee Member: Black, Robert X.; Committee Member: Deng, Yi. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Hamilton, Gregory Stuart. "A study of cyclogenesis in the North of Western Australia /." Full test available, 2002. http://adt.curtin.edu.au/theses/available/adt-WCU20040423.114540.

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Mailier, Pascal. "Serial clustering of extratropical cyclones." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501344.

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The clustering in time (seriality) of extratropical cyclones is responsible for large cumulative insured losses in western Europe, though surprisingly little scientific attention has been given to this important property. This study has investigated and quantified the seriality of extratropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere using a point-process approach. A possible mechanism for serial clustering is the time-varying effect of the large-scale flow on individual cyclone tracks. Another mechanism is the generation by one 'parent' cyclone" of one or more 'offspring through secondary cyclogenesis. A long cyclone-track database was constructed for extended October to March winters from 1950 until 2003 using 6-hourly analyses of 850-mb relative vorticity derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. A dispersion statistic based on the variance-to-mean ratio of monthly cyclone counts was used as a measure of clustering. It reveals extensive regions of statistically significant clustering in the European exit region of the North Atlantic storm track and over the central North Pacific.

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Baker, Laura. "Sting jets in extratropical cyclones." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541952.

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Berrisford, Paul. "Potential vorticity in extratropical cyclones." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233686.

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18

Slater, Tim Paul. "Strong winds in extratropical cyclones." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/strong-winds-in-extratropical-cyclones(c45f2c25-68ce-4267-a17c-0ee6951bde76).html.

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This thesis was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and is presented in an alternative thesis format. The thesis consists of three separate journal articles which form a coherent research project. Paper 1 investigates the development of strong winds in a dry, idealised extratropical cyclone using the horizontal momentum equation. In particular, the southwest wind maximum that develops was found to contain air parcels from three airstreams. The development of the horizontal along-flow forces around the cyclone and along trajectories entering the southwest wind maximum were analysed. An attempt to extend this methodology to a moist, idealised extratropical cyclone was made. However, the effect of adding moisture to the initial condition was found to be negligible. The reasons for this are explored in Paper 2, which documents this finding: that the effect of moisture on the development of an idealised, baroclinic wave is sensitive to the choice of initial condition. Paper 3 applies the horizontal momentum equation diagnostics to an intense, marine extratropical cyclone that brought strong winds to Ireland and the United Kingdom on 12 February 2014. The development of strong winds in Cyclone Tini was investigated by turning off latent heat release and surface fluxes. In the absence of latent heat release a weaker wind maximum developed. However, the simulation without surface fluxes had a very similar vertical structure of the horizontal wind to the full-physics simulation, but a weaker surface wind maximum. The reason for this weaker wind maximum was analysed using the quasigeostrophic omega equation. This analysis demonstrated a maximum in forcing for descent southwest of the low both in the full-physics simulation and in the simulation without surface fluxes, however strong winds were prevented from reaching the surface in the simulation without surface fluxes because of a more stable boundary layer around the bent-back front.

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19

Lidén, Göran. "Sampling cyclones for respirable dust." Lund : Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Division of Working Environment, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=g0ttAAAAMAAJ.

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Moncla, Brandon Wayne. "A study of bioaerosol sampling cyclones." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1378.

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A wetted wall cyclone using an airblast atomizer upstream of the inlet was designed as an improvement of a wetted wall cyclone developed by White et al. in 1975, which uses liquid injection through a port on the wall of the cyclone inlet. In the course of this project, many changes to different aspects of the White-type cyclone design and operation were considered. These included inlet configuration, liquid delivery, porous media, surface finishes and coatings, outlet skimmer design, and cyclone body length. The final airblast atomizer cyclone (AAC) design considered has an aerosol-to-hydrosol collection efficiency cut-point of 1.6 µm with collection efficiencies at 2 and 3 µm of 65% and 85%, respectively. The efficiency reported for the White-type cyclone for single Bacillus globigii spores that have a particle size of about 1 µm was approximately 81.8%. The aerosol-to-aerosol transmission efficiency for the AAC configuration was found to be approximately 50% for 1 µm diameter particles as compared with 70 100% for the White-type cyclone. A time response test was performed in which the White-type (ca. 2003) cyclone had an initial response of 3 minutes for a condition where there was no liquid carryover through the cyclone outlet and 8 minutes on average with hydrosol carryover. The decay response of the White-type cyclone was 1.25 minutes for non-liquid carryover conditions. The AAC had an initial response of 2.75 minutes and a decay response of 2.5 minutes. The shortened version of the AAC had an initial response of 1.5 minutes and a decay response of 1.25 minutes. There was no liquid carryover observed for any tests of this cyclone configuration. Power consumption tests were performed comparing pressure drops across different variations of White-type cyclones (circa 2003 and 1999) including a variation with an electrical discharge machined (EDM) inlet profile, that reduces the pressure drop at a nominal air flowrate of 780 L/min from 18 inH2O for the basic White-type cyclone (ca. 2003) to 16 inH2O with use of the EDM inlet. Two different variations of White-type cyclones were found to have pressure drops of 25 inH2O and 18 inH2O at an air flowrate of 780 L/min.

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Renfrew, Ian Alasdair. "The development of secondary frontal cyclones." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295008.

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22

Meuel, Tinihau. "Cyclones dans une bulle de savon." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0111/document.

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Au cours de cette thèse nous avons caractérisé les tourbillons quasibidimensionnels générés par convection thermique turbulente dans une demi-bullede savon. La loi de puissance en temps sur leur déplacement quadratique moyen estégalement valide pour les cyclones terrestres. Cette loi permet la prévision detrajectoire de cyclones assortie du cône de prévision comparable aux cônesexistants. Ainsi, les incertitudes de prédiction de trajectoire et les fluctuations decette trajectoire par rapport à une trajectoire moyenne sont liées. Par ailleurs, l’étudede l’intensité des tourbillons de la bulle a montré qu’ils pouvaient être décrit par unmodèle de tourbillon de type Lamb. Le suivi lagrangien de particules de fluide dans letourbillon de la bulle a permis d’en suivre des phases d’intensification et de déclin.Nous proposons une loi d’intensification commune aux tourbillons de la bulle et auxcyclones terrestres. L’influence de la rotation de la bulle sur le nombre de tourbillons,sur leur durée de vie, sur leur trajectoire et sur la loi de puissance de leurdéplacement quadratique moyen a également été étudiée. Nous nous sommes aussiintéressés à l’influence de la rotation sur les propriétés statistiques du champ defluctuations de température. Les fonctions de structures de la température semblentse raidir avec la rotation de la bulle et leurs exposants passeraient d’un régime de loide puissance en n/3 à n/2
This thesis aims at the characterisation of quasi two dimensionalvortices stemming from turbulent thermal convection in a half soap bubble heatedfrom below. The power law in time for their mean square displacement is also validfor Earth hurricanes. This law allows simple hurricane trajectory prediction with itstrack forecast cone wich compares very well to already available cones. In this way,track prediction uncertainty and track fluctuations around a mean track are linked.The intensity of the soap bubble vortices is also studied by the mean of particleimages velocimetry and shows that their velocity field profiles are well described by aLamb type model. The Lagrangian tracking of fluid praticles in a bubble vortex allowsus to follow its intensification and decline phases. We propose an intensification lawfor both soap bubble vortices and Earth hurricanes. Rotation influence on the vorticesnumber, on their life-time, on their trajectory and on the power law of their meansquared displacement is also gauged. The statistical properties of the temperaturefield fluctuations also seem to change with rotation. The exponent of the temperaturestructure functions present a scaling transition from n/3 to n/2

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Lear, Matthew R. "A complex adaptive system approach to forecasting hurricane tracks." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FLear%5FCS.pdf.

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Lear, Matthew R. "Forecasting hurricane tracks using a complex adaptive system." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FLear%5FMetoc.pdf.

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Daoust, Mario. "Interannual temperature variability and cyclone frequency over eastern Canada and the New England States : a case study: winter seasons 1931-32 to 1984-85." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39341.

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Interannual variability of temperature and cyclone frequencies for Eastern Canada and the New England States have been investigated for the winter seasons 1931-32 to 1984-85. Seasonal analyses have revealed that cyclone frequency has decreased by 21% over the research area; the highest losses occurring over the Maritimes and the New England States (30%) and in the southern Quebec-southwestern Ontario region (31%). The seasonal average temperature has remained fairly stable during the research period. However, the Temperature Variability Index (TVI) suggests that the interannual variability of temperature has been through some changes since 1931-32. The latest shift indicates that, since the early seventies, the temperature variability appears to be increasing during the winter season. Half-month periods were analyzed which revealed some features of the climatic variability during the winter season since 1931-32. Average temperature for the first 15 days of January recorded a significant decrease over the last 54 years. On the other hand, the last half of February presented a general increase in temperature. Parallel to that, the last half of January and the first 15 days of February have recorded substantial decreases in cyclone frequency. Thus, these half-month periods reveal trends which indicate that the overall winter season of the mid-seventies--early eighties differs from the prevailing winter climatic conditions of the thirties and forties.

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Fenlason, Joel W. "Accuracy of tropical cyclone induced winds using TYDET at Kadena AB." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FFenlason.pdf.

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Zuki, Zabani Md. "The interannual variability of tropical cyclones in the southern South China Sea /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426118.

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Reynes, Anthony. "Environmental steering flow analysis for central north Pacific tropical cyclones based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7009.

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Cheung, Kin-wai. "Understanding and forecasting interannual variability of tropical cyclone activity in the Western North Pacific Ocean /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2036488X.

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Tao, Cheng. "Climatology of overshootings in tropical cyclones and their roles in tropical cyclone intensity changes using TRMM data." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2457.

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The climatology of overshooting convection in tropical cyclones (TCs) is examined using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR). The percentage of TC convective systems with overshooting convection is highest over the North Indian Ocean basin, while the northwest Pacific basin contains the highest population of both TC convective systems and convection with overshooting tops. Convective systems in the inner core region are more capable of penetrating 14 km and the associated overshooting convection are featured with much stronger overshooting properties compared with those in the inner rainband and outer rainband regions. In the inner core region of TCs, convection associated with precipitating systems of higher intensity and intensification rates has a larger probability of containing overshooting tops. To identify the relative importance of shallow/moderate versus deep/very deep convection in the rapid intensification (RI) of TCs, four types of precipitation-convection are defined based on the 20 dBZ radar echo height (Z20dBZ). Distributions of four types of precipitation-convection, and their contributions to total volumetric rain and total latent heating are quantified. It is shown that RI is closely associated with increased and widespread shallow precipitation around the storm center, while moderately deep and very deep convection (or overshooting convection) does not increase until in the middle of RI. This is further confirmed by the study of rainfall and convection evolution with respect to the timeline of RI events. Statistically, the onset of RI follows a significant increase in the areal coverage of rainfall, shallow precipitation, and cyan of 37 GHz color composites upshear-left, which in turn could be used as potential parameters to forecast RI. Very deep convection is most frequent 12-24 hours before RI onset and concentrates upshear-left, but it quickly decreases in the following 24 hours. The percent occurrence of very deep convection is less than 1% for RI storms. The tilt of vortex is large prior to, and near the RI onset, but rapidly decreases in the middle of RI, suggesting that the vertical alignment is a result instead of a trigger of RI.

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黃詩偉 and Sze-wai Wong. "Patterns and behaviors of global tropical cyclones." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192994.

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This study examines the global tropical cyclones (TC) patterns and distributions from 2001-2010. The objective of the study was to find out the possible relationship between the TC activities between different oceans. The TC track record was obtained from the Hurricane Data Centre at Unisys Weather webpage and it has been plotted and transferred to a spread sheet format. By combining the data with the oceanic maps from General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) digital Atlas, we could conclude the trend and distributions of the TC in each year. Various data were also collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Climate Prediction Center and Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) so as to further explain the TC relationships in different regions. It is concluded that the TC distributions has no significant relationship between oceans in the same hemisphere but it shows certain pattern throughout the ten years record.
published_or_final_version
Applied Geosciences
Master
Master of Science

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Ntafis, Stavros. "Contribution de la convection profonde à l’intensification des cyclones méditerranéens Remote sensing of deep convestion within a tropical-like cyclone over the Mediterranean Sea Insights into the convective evolution of Mediterranean tropical‐like cyclones." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX106.

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Le rôle de la convection profonde dans l’intensification des cyclones subtropicaux méditerranéen est examiné dans le cadre de cette thèse. Alors que la plupart des cyclones méditerranéens présentent un cycle de vie barocline typique, où la cyclogenèse est principalement déclenchée par les perturbations situées dans la haute troposphère, le rôle de la convection profonde sur le développement des cyclones été jeu abordé jusqu’ici. Afin d'étudier la contribution de celle-ci sur l'intensification de neuf médicanes entre 2005 et 2018, l'accent a été mis sur le bassin méditerranéen central et oriental moins étudié, que ceux de la Méditerranée occidentale.Dans une première partie, la relation entre la convection profonde et la formation et l'intensification des cyclones est étudiée à l'aide de techniques de télédétection par une approche multi-satellites en utilisant des observations dans l’infrarouge et les micro-onde. Des observations provenant des radiomètres micro-ondes AMSU-B et MHS volant à bord de plusieurs satellites opérationnels (NOAA16 à NOAA19; MetOpA / B), ainsi que l'imageur visible et infrarouge SEVIRI installé à bord des satellites géostationnaires Meteosat-8 à 11 ont été utilisées. Les canaux humidité sondant autour de 183 GHz des capteurs AMSU / MHS et les canaux infrarouges de SEVIRI ont été utilisés pour détecter la convection profonde durant le cycle de vie des médicanes. De plus, le cisaillement vertical du vent et l'inclinaison du vortex ont été calculés en utilisant les réanalyses ERA5 afin d’étudier l'évolution de la structure du cyclone. Les résultats fournissent des informations inédites sur les relations entre la convection profonde et l'évolution des cyclones : ainsi il est montré que seule une fraction des cyclones étudiés subissent une activité convective intense près de leurs centres et qu’une convection profonde persistante dans les secteurs où le cisaillement est positif mène à des périodes d'intensification. L'activité convective des secteurs où le cisaillement est négatif n'est pas liée à des périodes d'intensification, tandis que les structures de courte durée de type ouragans se développent uniquement pendant l'activité convective symétrique ce qui peut conduire à une intensification des cyclones dans certains cas. En raison de ces comportements variés, les neuf médicanes étudiés ont été groupés en trois familles en fonction des caractéristiques de leur cycle de vie.Dans un deuxième temps, pour aborder l'impact de la thermodynamique à fine échelle en lien avec la convection profonde et expliquer l'activité convective observée, une modélisation atmosphérique a été effectuée. Pour cela on a utilisé le modèle de recherche et de prévisions météorologiques WRF à une résolution spatiale fine (3 km). Les simulations numériques ont été forcées par les réanalyses ERA5. Pour tenir compte des effets de la libération de chaleur latente pendant la convection profonde, des traceurs de vorticité potentielle (PV). De plus, une version modifiée de l'équation de tendance de pression a été utilisée pour post-traiter les résultats numériques afin d'étudier la dynamique atmosphérique liée à six médicanes. Les résultats ont montré que les changements d'intensité des cyclones n'étaient que partiellement expliqués par l'activité de la convection profonde, les facteurs principaux étant les champs de PV diabatique de basse couche induits et le chauffage diabatique. L'environnement barocline dans lequel ces cyclones se sont développés présentait finalement très peu de similitudes avec les cyclones tropicaux. Les résultats numériques appuient en partie notre hypothèse issue du travail mené sur les observations selon laquelle les médicanes feraient bien partie de la famille des cyclones méditerranéens, mais qu’ils possèdent également certaines caractéristiques particulières, à savoir la contribution des processus diabatiques et barocliniques lors de leur développement et au stade mature
The role of deep convection in the intensification of Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones is examined in this thesis. While most of the Mediterranean cyclones present a common baroclinic life cycle where cyclogenesis is mainly triggered by upper tropospheric systems, the role of deep convection on cyclones development has only been addressed by few studies in the recent past. In order to investigate the contribution of deep convection in the intensification of 9 Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones between 2005 and 2018, the emphasis has been put on the Central and Eastern Mediterranean basin where these cyclones have received less attention than those in the Western Mediterranean.In a first part, the relation of deep convection with cyclones formation and intensification is investigated using remote sensing techniques, through a multi-satellite approach, with observations in the infrared and microwave spectrum. Observations derived from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-B) and the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) on several operational satellites (NOAA16 through NOAA19); MetOpA/B, as well as the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the geostationary satellites Meteosat-8 to 11 have been used. The humidity sounding channels around 183 GHz from the AMSU/MHS sensors and a method of infrared channel differencing from SEVIRI were used to detect deep convection during the Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones. Moreover, vertical wind shear and vortex tilt were calculated by ERA5 reanalysis data to study the cyclone structure evolution. Results provide new insights about the relations between deep convection and cyclone evolution, with only a fraction of the studied cyclones experiencing intense convective activity close to their centres and persistent deep convection in the upshear quadrants leads to intensification periods. Convective activity solely in the downshear quadrants is not linked to intensification periods, while short-lived hurricane-like structures develop only during symmetric convective activity, leading to cyclone intensification in some of the cases. For this reason, the Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones have been divided into 3 groups based on distinct differences during their lifetime.As a second step, to address the impact of fine-scale thermodynamics related to deep convection and explain the observed convective activity, atmospheric modeling is employed, using the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) with a fine spatial resolution (3 km). The numerical simulations are forced by ERA5 reanalysis data with a high temporal resolution. To account for the effects of latent heat release during deep convection, online potential vorticity (PV) tracers are used at every model time step. In addition, a modified version of the classical pressure tendency equation (PTE) is used to post-process the numerical results to study the atmospheric dynamics related to 6 Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones. Results show that cyclone intensity changes are only partly explained by deep convection activity, with an emphasis given on the diabatically-induced low-level PV fields and diabatic heating. The baroclinic environment into which these cyclones develop has very few similarities with tropical cyclones. The numerical findings partially support our hypothesis in the observational study that the Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones may be part of a continuous spectrum of Mediterranean cyclones, but they are also distinct differences among them, namely the contribution of diabatic and baroclinic processes at their developing and mature stages

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33

Boutle, Ian. "Boundary-Layer Processes in Mid-latitude Cyclones." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520124.

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Ng, Sin Yuan. "Gas-liquid separation using axial flow cyclones." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419640.

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Nilsson, Emma. "Visualization of Multicenter Cyclones Using Multivariate Data." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173575.

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Cyclones are complex weather phenomena, affected by multiple variables such as pressure, wind, temperature and more. Therefore, how cyclones are formed, what affects them and how they can be tracked is still actively researched today. Cyclones can have multiple centers (eyes), which can split and merge during its lifetime, which make them even more complex to define mathematically. In this thesis, how multi-center cyclones can be meaningfully visualized for domain scientists using multivariate visualization is investigated. An important aspect of the visualization is how a cyclones spread and boundary can be defined. The result is a visualization where the cyclonic region is defined by segmenting a pressure volume, and then a surface is extracted to get the cyclones boundary. Temperature is visualized using color mapping onto surfaces, while the wind velocity is shown using particles. The framework allows domain scientists to affect the visualization by picking criteria for segmenting the volume, color maps, and more. In conclusion, an improved cyclonic region could be defined by using multiple fields instead of only pressure, and the visualization would be improved with a greater detail put into the wind part.

Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska högskolan, Linköpings universitet

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36

Adams, Ryan. "Bomb Cyclones of the Western North Atlantic." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1509530111664557.

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Blackerby, Jason S. "Accuracy of Western North Pacific tropical cyclone intensity guidance /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FBlackberry.pdf.

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Havel, Patrick J. "Surface wind field analyses of tropical cyclones during TCS-08 relative impacts of aircraft and remotely-sensed observations." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FHavel.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Harr, Patrick A. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Tropical Cyclone, Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Surface Wind Field, THORPEX Asian Regional Campaign, Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008, Western North Pacific Typhoons, H*Wind Analyses. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76). Also available in print.

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Stubblefield, Cedrick L. "Microwave estimates of the extratropical transitions process." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FStubblefield.pdf.

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Klein, Peter M. "Extratropical transition of Western North Pacific tropical cyclones." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341420.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1997.
"September 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Russell L. Elsberry, Patrick A. Harr. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88). Also available online.

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Rutherford, Steven John. "Arctic cyclones and marginal ice zone (MIZ) variability." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA268610.

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42

Bensimon, Dov Richard. "On the interaction of extratropical cyclones with topography." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29654.pdf.

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Li, Tianshi. "Temporal variability of north Pacific Ocean surface cyclones." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60060.

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The temporal variability of North Pacific Ocean surface cyclones is presented, based upon a nine cold-season dataset from the National Meteorological Center. Our results show that: (1) January is the most active month for oceanic cyclone activity; the most active zone of the cyclonic characteristics is at its southernmost location in January; (2) Interannual variability of cyclone activity is pronounced. The interannual variability of cyclone activity is predominantly stronger than the seasonal variability; (3) Analyses of objectively defined regimes, defined on the basis of a 30-day clustering of surface cyclone activity, reveal that regional climatological anomalies of surface cyclone frequency, significant at the 95% level of confidence, can be identified as precursors to the onset of these 30-day circulation regimes.

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Adamson, Daniel Stephen. "Boundary layer frictional processes in mid-latitude cyclones." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393529.

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This Thesis develops understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for the frictional effects observed in cyclone development. To do this, a first-order closure mixing-length boundary layer scheme has been added to a baroclinic life cycle model to accurately represent the frictional processes occurring in cyclone development. Life cycles simulated with the model consist of normal mode baroclinic growth with cyclone development followed by barotropic decay. By considering life cycles where friction is the only diabatic process, it is found that surface drag reduces rates of baroclinic growth and barotropic decay by 40%. The classical description of frictional effects in rotating geophysical flows involves the Ekman spin-down of a barotropic vortex. This mechanism is studied by considering the quasi-geostrophic w-equation with a frictional term. However, these barotropic vortex ideas do not account for the baroclinic processes occurring, especially within the frontal regions. To address these shortcomings, a potential vorticity (PV) approach is adopted. Large frictionally generated positive PV anomalies form close to developing warm and cold fronts, due to the relative alignment of surface and thermal wind vectors. These PV anomalies are advected upwards and polewards along the warm conveyor belt and then westwards. This results in a band of positive PV associated with high static stability in the lower troposphere above the surface low centre. Using Rossby edge wave theory, a mechanism is proposed to explain the reduced baroclinic development observed in terms of this positive PV anomaly. Hence the baroclinic dynamics are shown to play a crucial role in the frictional modification of cyclone development. The classical notion of Ekman spin-down is shown to be of secondary importance. This mechanism by which frictional processes reduce cyclone development is found also to be valid in the presence of sensible and latent heat fluxes.

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Laiyemo, Razaak O. "A Climatological Study of Hurricane Force Extratropical Cyclones." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6821.

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Using data compiled by the National Weather Service Ocean Prediction Center, a hurricane force extratropical cyclone climatology is created for three cold seasons. Using the criteria of Sanders and Gyakum (1980), it is found that 75% of the 259 storms explosively deepened. The frequency maximum in the Atlantic basin is located to the southeast of Greenland. In the Pacific, two maxima to the east of Japan are identified. These results are in good agreement with previous studies, despite different cyclone subgroups, datasets, and methodologies. Composite analyses illustrate the hurricane force wind subgroup of extratropical cyclones, similar to other extratropical cyclones, form in regions of anomalously strong baroclinicity and begin to intensify upstream of an upper-level positive PV anomaly. By the end of the 24-hour period of maximum deepening rate, the composite storm structure appears nearly vertically stacked. Shortly after this time, the storm begins to weaken. There is some indication that diabatic processes serve as an additional energy source. Brief examination of predictability using ECMWF and NCEP ensemble data to analyze two randomly-selected storms indicate significant features like storm track and intensity are not properly captured by the ensemble prediction systems.

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Taskin, Dogan. "The path prediction of cyclones with Kalman filters." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34944.

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
The Kalman filter is used to provide estimates of the position and velocity of a storm based upon observation of the storm's longitude and latitude. Nonstationary noise is shown to degrade the performance of the filter and cause tracking divergence. Time varying values for the noise covariance matricies R and Q, and the addition of an external forcing function to the filter, effectively compensated for this tracking error. Results for the simulations show significant performance advantages of using an external forcing function in the system.

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Trigo, Isabel Franco. "A climatology of cyclones in the Mediterranean region." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327284.

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O'Neill, Morgan E. "A theory for polar cyclones on giant planets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97335.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2015.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-145).
features, with a deep, hot and rapid cyclone situated directly over each pole, and a rapid jet marking the cyclone boundary at 3° from the pole. Extant theories for the zonal jets preclude the possibility of a jet at such high latitudes. This thesis proposes and tests a moist convective hypothesis for polar cyclone formation. Using purely baroclinic forcing, with statistical characteristics motivated by moist convection observed on Jupiter and Saturn, a robust tendency to form a barotropic polar cyclone is identified. A 2 1/2 layer shallow water model is built to test our hypothesis. An 11-dimensional parameter space is explored to determine the most importance controls on cyclone formation. Two sets of experiments are performed: 1) Barotropic and baroclinic 'storms' are briefly forced and then allowed to freely evolve on the polar beta plane, and 2) Forced-dissipative simulations are run, with periodic and randomly placed storms, until statistical equilibrium is reached. Results confirm the well known tendency of positive vorticity anomalies to self-advect poleward if they are intense enough for nonlinear advection to be significant. Likewise, strong negative vorticity anomalies move equatorward. Simulations span several orders of magnitude of energy density, ranging from weak wave-dominated flows to strong cyclones that experience instabilities. We find that a range of behavior, including what is observed on all four giant planets as well as previous simulation studies, can be expressed by varying only 2 nondimensional control parameters: a second baroclinic deformation radius scaled by the planetary radius, LD2=a; and a total energy parameter Êp that scales with the kinetic+potential energy density of the system at statistical equilibrium. In the context of an idealized model, the difference between Jupiter's and Saturn's polar flow regimes may be explained by their different planetary and deformation radii.
by Morgan E. O'Neill.
Ph. D.

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Gilford, Daniel Michael. "The tropopause region thermal structure and tropical cyclones." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115639.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Atmospheric Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 187-207).
This thesis is an exploration of two seemingly unrelated questions: First, how do water vapor and ozone variations radiatively influence the thermal structure of the tropopause region? Second, what sets the thermodynamic limits of tropical cyclone intensity across the seasonal cycle? The link between these subjects is tropical cyclone outflow, which often reaches into the tropopause region, allowing the thermal structure there to impact tropical cyclone potential intensity. A radiative transfer model is employed to calculate the radiative effects of the 2000 and 2011 tropopause region abrupt drops -- events in which temperatures, water vapor, and ozone plunge suddenly to anomalously low levels. Results show that radiative effects partially offset in the region above the tropopause, but nonlocally combine to cool the layers below the tropopause. Persistently low water vapor concentrations associated with the abrupt drops spread to extratropical latitudes, and produce a total negative radiative forcing that offsets <12% of the carbon dioxide forcing over 1990-2013. Next, the importance of local and nonlocal radiative heating/cooling for tropopause region temperature seasonal cycles is examined. The radiative effects of water vapor seasonality are weak and local to the tropopause, whereas ozone radiatively amplifies temperature seasonality in the tropopause region by 30%, in part because stratospheric ozone seasonality nonlocally affects the tropopause region thermal structure. To determine how the tropopause region thermal structure affects thermodynamic limits on tropical cyclone intensity, this study presents the first comprehensive seasonal cycle climatology of potential intensity. Perennially warm sea surface temperatures in the Western Pacific result in outflow altitudes that are near the tropical tropopause region throughout the seasonal cycle, whereas the seasonalities of other ocean basins are less influenced by the tropopause region. Probing the potential intensity environmental drivers reveals that the seasonality of near-tropopause temperatures in the Western Pacific damps potential intensity seasonal variability by <30%. Incorporating a best track tropical cyclone archive shows that this result is relevant for real-world tropical cyclones: the tropopause region thermal structure permits intense Western Pacific tropical cyclones in every month of the year, which may have critical consequences for coastal societies.
by Daniel Michael Gilford.
Ph. D. in Atmospheric Science

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Miltenberger, Alexander Reid. "The effects of ocean eddies on tropical cyclones." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78538.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-41).
The purpose of this study is to understand the interactions of tropical cyclones with ocean eddies. In particular we examine the influence of a cold-core eddy on the cold wake formed during the passage of Typhoon Fanapi (2010). The three-dimensional version of the numerical Price-Weller-Pinkel (PWP) vertical mixing model has previously been used to simulate and study the cold wakes of Atlantic hurricanes. The model has not been used in comparison with observations of typhoons in the Western Pacific Ocean. In 2010 several typhoons were studied during the Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP) field campaign and Fanapi was particularly well observed. We use these observations and the 3DPWP to understand the ocean cold wake generated by Fanapi. The cold wake of Fanapi was advected by a cyclonic eddy that was south of the typhoon track. The 3DPWP model outputs with and without an eddy are compared with observations made during the field campaign. These observations are compared to model outputs with eddies in a series of positions right and left of the storm track in order to study effects of mesoscale eddies on ocean vertical mixing in the cold wake of typhoons.
by Alexander Reid Miltenberger.
S.M.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cyclones'

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