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Journal articles on the topic 'Cyclopropyl chemistry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Tortosa, Mariola, Víctor Martín-Heras, and Alejandro Parra. "Cyclopropyl- and Cyclobutylboronates and -silanes: A Stereoselective Approach." Synthesis 50, no. 03 (2017): 470–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1589133.

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Chiral cyclopropyl- and cyclobutylboronic esters and -silanes have become attractive intermediates for the preparation of functionalized small rings. This review highlights the stereoselective methods developed for their preparation, including both diastereo- and enantioselective approaches.1 Introduction2 Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropyl- and Cyclobutylboronates and -silanes2.1 Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropyl- and Cyclobutylboronates and -silanes2.2 Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclopropyl- and Cyclobutylboronates and -silanes3 Conclusions

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2

Khalil, Salim M., та Hayfa M. Jarjis. "A Theoretical Study of α-CFnH3-n -substituted Cyclopropyl Cations". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, № 5 (1990): 730–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-0524.

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Abstract MINDO-forces calculations are performed, with complete optimization of geometries, on α-Xcyclopropylcations, where X is CF3 , CF2H, and CFH2. It was found that the fluorine atom interacts with the localized empty Pπ-type orbital on α-carbon atom and forms a bridge with an angle 57.1 degree. Calculations also are performed on CF3-cyclopropyl anion and CF2H-cyclopropenyl cation. The fluorine atom in CF3 and CF2H shows no such interaction with the a-carbon atom because there is no localized empty Prc-type orbital

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3

Časar, Zdenko. "Synthetic Approaches to Contemporary Drugs that Contain the Cyclopropyl Moiety." Synthesis 52, no. 09 (2020): 1315–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690058.

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved 18 new drugs that incorporate the cyclopropyl structural motif in the time frame from 2012 to 2018. This review provides an overview of synthetic approaches to these drugs with emphasis on the construction of the cyclopropyl moiety or its incorporation into the key building blocks for assembly of the highlighted drugs. Based on the structural diversity of these drugs, synthetic approaches for the construction and introduction of the cyclopropyl moiety into their structure are diverse and include: cycloalkylation (double alkylation) of CH-acids, ca

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4

O'Neill, Melanie A., and Frances L. Cozens. "Influence of alkali metal cations on the photoheterolysis of 9-cyclopropyl-9-fluorenol and the reactivity of the 9-cyclopropyl-9-fluorenyl cation in non-acidic zeolites." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 6 (2003): 647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-071.

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Alkali metal cation regulation of carbocation formation and reactivity in non-acidic zeolites is probed using the photoheterolysis reaction of 9-cyclopropyl-9-fluorenol. Nanosecond time-resolved diffuse reflectance is employed to directly observe the 9-cyclopropyl-9-fluorenyl cation as a transient species within the non-acidic zeolites. The efficiency of carbocation formation via photoheterolysis and the dynamics of other reaction pathways available to photoexcited 9-cyclopropyl-9-fluorenol are found to be strongly dependent on the zeolite alkali metal counterion. In particular, the yield of c

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5

Zhang, Zhiguo, Yongchao Zhang, Guoqing Huang, and Guisheng Zhang. "Organoiodine reagent-promoted intermolecular oxidative amination: synthesis of cyclopropyl spirooxindoles." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 7 (2017): 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7qo00156h.

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An organoiodine-promoted intramolecular direct oxidative C(sp<sup>2</sup>)–N cross-coupling reaction was developed for the preparation of cyclopropyl spirooxindoles from readily available secondary cyclopropyl carboxamides.

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6

Jeffries, Benjamin, Zhong Wang, Robert I. Troup, et al. "Lipophilicity trends upon fluorination of isopropyl, cyclopropyl and 3-oxetanyl groups." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (September 2, 2020): 2141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.182.

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A systematic comparison of lipophilicity modulations upon fluorination of isopropyl, cyclopropyl and 3-oxetanyl substituents, at a single carbon atom, is provided using directly comparable, and easily accessible model compounds. In addition, comparison with relevant linear chain derivatives is provided, as well as lipophilicity changes occurring upon chain extension of acyclic precursors to give cyclopropyl containing compounds. For the compounds investigated, fluorination of the isopropyl substituent led to larger lipophilicity modulation compared to fluorination of the cyclopropyl substituen

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7

Singh, Okram Mukherjee, H. Junjappa, and H. Ila. "A Facile Synthesis of 3-Cyclopropyl- and 5-Cyclopropyl-isoxazoles." Journal of Chemical Research 23, no. 6 (1999): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174751989902300627.

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8

Ernst, Ludger, Thomas Rieck, and Mark Soliven. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 11 (1999): 1697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-130.

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Schaefer's "J method" was employed to show that 2-cyclopropyl-1,3-dimethylbenzene (5) in solution prefers the perpendicular conformation in which the torsional angle Θ between the C(1)-H bond of the cyclopropyl group and the plane of the benzene ring is 90°. This is opposed to the situation in cyclopropylbenzene (3) where the bisected conformer (Θ = 0°) prevails. From the value of -0.85 ± 0.01 Hz for 6J(H-alpha,H-para) in 5 (for solutions in CS2 and in acetone) a barrier to rotation about the cyclopropyl-aryl bond of 6.4 kJ/mol can be derived if a predominantly two-fold potential and a vanishi

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9

Redfern, Paul C., Jane S. Murray, and Peter Politzer. "Computational determination of the relative stabilities of some nitro carbocations." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 2 (1992): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-087.

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The relative stabilities of a group of nitro carbocations (derivatives of the methyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclopropenyl cations) are determined by means of abinitio SCF/3-21G calculations, and compared to the corresponding results for other substituent groups, both electron donating and withdrawing. The α-nitro carbocations are generally destabilized relative to the parent cation, but often to a lesser extent than anticipated from the strongly electron-withdrawing nature of NO2. The optimized structures indicate that this is due to the stabilizing formation of an intramolecular ring involving the

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10

Holland, Herbert L., Michael J. Chernishenko, Morgan Conn, Anthony Munoz, T. Samuel Manoharan, and Michael A. Zawadski. "Enzymic hydroxylation and sulfoxidation of cyclopropyl compounds by fungal biotransformation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 5 (1990): 696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-107.

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A series of compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring adjacent to the position of oxidation during fungal biotransformation has been prepared and subjected to enzymic oxidation using Mortierellaisabellina or Rhizopusarrhizus. Carbon hydroxylation and sulfoxidation reactions were observed, but in neither case did opening of the cyclopropyl ring occur. Both these reactions were subject to inhibition by carbon monoxide but not by cyanide ion, properties characteristic of cytochrome P-450 dependent mono-oxygenase enzymes. Hydroxylation at a cyclopropyl C—H bond has been studied by the use of phenylc

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11

Ananikov, Valentine. "Evaluation of 13C NMR spectra of cyclopropenyl and cyclopropyl acetylenes by theoretical calculations." Open Chemistry 2, no. 1 (2004): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02476190.

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AbstractA convenient methodology was developed for a very accurate calculation of 13C NMR chemical shifts of the title compounds. GIAO calculations with density functional methods (B3LYP, B3PW91, PBE1PBE) and 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set predict experimental chemical shifts of 3-ethynylcyclopropene (1), 1-ethynylcyclopropane (2) and 1,1-diethynylcyclopropane (3) with high accuracy of 1–2 ppm. The present article describes in detail the effect of geometry choice, density functional method, basis set and effect of solvent on the accuracy of GIAO calculations of 13C NMR chemical shifts. In addition, t

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12

Fǎrcaşiu, Dan, and Mark Kizirian. "Cyclopropyl-substituted pyrylium salts." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 27, no. 7 (1990): 2041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570270736.

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13

Leeper, Finian J., Susan E. Shaw, and Padma Satish. "Biosynthesis of the indolizidine alkaloid cyclizidine: incorporation of singly and doubly labelled precursors." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 1 (1994): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-021.

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Incorporation of CH313C18O2Na and CD3CH213CO2Na into the indolizidine alkaloid cyclizidine 1, produced by Streptomyces species NCIB 11649, shows that the oxygen attached to C-2 is derived intact from acetate and that the cyclopropyl ring is derived from a single intact propionate unit. However, the level and stereochemistry of the incorporation of deuteriated sodium propionate indicates that it undergoes unexpected modification during incorporation into the cyclopropyl ring.

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14

Benoit, Emeline, Ahmed Fnaiche, and Alexandre Gagnon. "Synthesis of aryl cyclopropyl sulfides through copper-promoted S-cyclopropylation of thiophenols using cyclopropylboronic acid." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (May 27, 2019): 1162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.113.

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The copper-promoted S-cyclopropylation of thiophenols using cyclopropylboronic acid is reported. The procedure operates under simple conditions to afford the corresponding aryl cyclopropyl sulfides in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction tolerates substitution in ortho-, meta- and para-substitution as well as electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. The S-cyclopropylation of a thiophenol was also accomplished using potassium cyclopropyl trifluoroborate.

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15

Khalil, Salim M. "MINDO-Forces Calculations of 1-Substituted Cyclopropyl Cations and Anions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 43, no. 8-9 (1988): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1988-8-914.

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AbstractMINDO-Forces calculations are reported, after complete optimization of geometry, for 1-X-sub- stituted cyclopropyl cations and anions, where X is H, O-, OH, NH2, CH3, NO2, CN, F, CHO. All the substituents are stabilizing. It was found that the π-donating groups interact strongly with the cyclopropyl cations, whereas the π-withdrawing groups interact strongly with cyclopropyl anion depending on the electron demand.

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16

Modarelli, David A., Matthew S. Platz, Robert S. Sheridan, and Jeff R. Ammann. "Cyclopropyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, and dicyclopropylcarbenes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 115, no. 22 (1993): 10440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00075a102.

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17

Brooner, Rachel E. M., and Ross A. Widenhoefer. "Experimental evaluation of the electron donor ability of a gold phosphine fragment in a gold carbene complex." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 19 (2014): 2420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc48869a.

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18

Tanko, James M., and Ray E. Drumright. "Radical ion probes. I. Cyclopropyl-carbinyl rearrangements of aryl cyclopropyl ketyl anions." Journal of the American Chemical Society 112, no. 13 (1990): 5362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00169a060.

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19

Kozhushkov, Sergei I., Alexander F. Khlebnikov, Rafael R. Kostikov, Dmitrii S. Yufit, and Armin de Meijere. "Scalable synthesis of (1-cyclopropyl)cyclopropylamine hydrochloride." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (July 21, 2011): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.113.

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1-Cyclopropylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2), which is accessible on a large scale (900 mmol) from 1-bromo-1-cyclopropylcyclopropane (1) in 64% yield (89% on a 12.4 mmol scale), has been subjected to a Curtius degradation employing the Weinstock protocol to furnish the N-Boc-protected (1-cyclopropyl)cyclopropylamine 3 (76%). Deprotection of 3 with hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether gave the (1-cyclopropyl)cyclopropylamine hydrochloride (4·HCl) in 87% yield.

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20

Rheingold, Arnold L., Glenn P. A. Yap, Louise M. Liable-Sands, Ilia A. Guzei, and Swiatoslaw Trofimenko. "Coordination Chemistry of Homoscorpionate Ligands with 3-Cyclopropyl Substituents." Inorganic Chemistry 36, no. 27 (1997): 6261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic970880r.

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21

Bloksma, Meta M., Christine Weber, Igor Y. Perevyazko, et al. "Poly(2-cyclopropyl-2-oxazoline): From Rate Acceleration by Cyclopropyl to Thermoresponsive Properties." Macromolecules 44, no. 11 (2011): 4057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma200514n.

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22

Afanasyev, Oleg, Alexey Tsygankov, Dmitry Usanov, Dmitry Perekalin, Alexandra Samoylova, and Denis Chusov. "Some Aspects of Reductive Amination in the Presence of Carbon Monoxide: Cyclopropyl Ketones as Bifunctional Electrophiles." Synthesis 49, no. 12 (2017): 2640–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588817.

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We conducted detailed studies on CO-assisted reductive chemistry with cyclopropyl ketones as a special type of substrate. Multiple factors influencing the outcome of the reaction have been studied for both ruthenium and rhodium catalysis. An unusual rearrangement of aminomethylcyclopropanes was found. We showed that some reductive reactions, which were believed to proceed through a water–gas shift reaction pathway, can nonetheless take place even without an external or internal water source, indicating a more interesting reaction mechanism. Cyclopropylketones were employed as bifunctional elec

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23

Allen, Annette D., Lynn M. Baigrie, Leyi Gong, and Thomas T. Tidwell. "Cyclopropylketenes: preparation and nucleophilic additions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 1 (1991): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-022.

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Phenylcyclopropylketene (4), tert-butylcyclopropylketene (5), and dicyclopropylketene (6) were formed by dehydrochlorination of the corresponding acyl chlorides by Et3N in THF, and are the first cyclopropylketenes to be isolated and purified. Reaction of 4 with n-BuLi and capture of the intermediate enolates with Me3SiCl gave the stereoisomeric silyl enol ethers c-PrCPh=C(OSiMe3)-n-Bu with a 79:21 preference for formation of the Z isomer resulting from nucleophilic attack syn to cyclopropyl, whereas the corresponding reaction of t-BuLi gave a 9:91 preference for attack anti to cyclopropyl. Som

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24

Onys’ko, Petro P., Denys V. Klukovsky, Andrii V. Bezdudny, Volodymyr V. Pirozhenko, Yurii M. Pustovit, and Anatoly D. Synytsya. "N-(R-Cyclopropyl) Trifluoroacetimidoyl Phosphonates." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 189, no. 7-8 (2014): 1094–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2014.905576.

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25

Porcu, Stefania, Alberto Luridiana, Alberto Martis, et al. "Acid-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized arylthio cyclopropane carbaldehydes and ketones." Chemical Communications 54, no. 96 (2018): 13547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc07571a.

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A general strategy for the synthesis of arylthio cyclopropyl carbaldehydes and ketones via acid catalysed arylthiol addition/ring contraction reaction sequence has been exploited. The procedure led to a wide panel of cyclopropyl carbonyl compounds in high yields and broad substrate scope.

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26

Harvey, Joanne E., Russell J. Hewitt, Peter W. Moore, and Kalpani K. Somarathne. "Reactions of 1,2-cyclopropyl carbohydrates." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 9 (2014): 1377–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0403.

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AbstractAddition of a carbene to a glycal is the prominent method for the synthesis of 1,2-cyclopropyl carbohydrates. This incorporation of a cyclopropane into a carbohydrate scaffold enables divergent reactivity, with the two main classes being ring expansion and cleavage to 2-C-branched carbohydrates. A wide variety of products are obtained depending on the functionality attached to the cyclopropane (none or ester or halogens) and the promoter (Lewis acid, Brønsted acid, halophile or base) used in the reaction. This article reviews progress in the synthesis and reactions of 1,2-cyclopropyl c

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27

Pokhodylo, N. T., V. S. Matiichuk, and N. D. Obushak. "Methyl 3-cyclopropyl-3-oxopropanoate in the synthesis of heterocycles having a cyclopropyl substituent." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 46, no. 6 (2010): 894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428010060199.

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28

Paulini, Klaus, та Hans-Ulrich Reißig. "Synthesis of Dipeptides Containing Novel Cyclopropyl- and Cyclopropenyl-Substituted β- and γ-Amino Acids". Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1994, № 6 (1994): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199419940604.

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29

Scheller, Markus E., and Bruno Frei. "Syntheses of Cyclopropyl Silyl Ketones." Helvetica Chimica Acta 69, no. 1 (1986): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19860690107.

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30

Patel, Vijay, Arthur J. Ragauskas, and J. B. Stothers. "13C magnetic resonance studies. 124. Preparative ring expansions of bicyclic ketones by homoketonization of cyclopropoxide analogs." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 7 (1986): 1390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-238.

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Homoketonization of some readily prepared cyclopropoxides provides a new synthetic method for ring expansion of the [2.2.1] and [2.2.2] ring systems. Cyclopropanation of the trimethylsilyl enol ethers derived from a variety of polycyclic ketones affords the required cyclopropyl silyl ethers, which may be ketonized directly or hydrolyzed to the corresponding cyclopropanols before ketonization. The results for fourteen examples serve to define the scope of the ring expansion process, and the silyl enol ethers, cyclopropyl silyl ethers, and most of the corresponding cyclopropanols have been chara

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31

van Tilborg, W. J. M., H. Steinberg, and Th J. de Boer. "The chemistry of small ring compounds. Part 28: Cyclopropyl cation stabilisation in thermolysis of some cyclopropyl ethers and sulfides." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 93, no. 12 (2010): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19740931201.

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32

Yang, Ya-Ping, Mei-Fang Ding, Yu-Wen Wang, et al. "The Chemistry of Binor-S and its Cyclopropyl Ring Transformations." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 41, no. 2 (1994): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.199400023.

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33

Baird, M. S. "The chemistry of the cyclopropyl group, Parts 1 and 2." Endeavour 12, no. 2 (1988): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(88)90100-7.

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34

Prakash, G. K. Surya, Herwig Buchholz, V. Prakash Reddy, Armin De Meijere, and George A. Olah. "Stable carbocations. 285. 1-Ferrocenyl-1-cyclopropyl cation: the first long-lived cyclopropyl cation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 114, no. 3 (1992): 1097–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00029a054.

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35

Penjarla, Thirupathi Reddy, Maheshwar Kundarapu, Krishnan Rangan, and Anupam Bhattacharya. "Iodine assisted synthesis of CF3 appended spirodihydrofuryl/cyclopropyl oxindoles by changing the active methylene sources." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 47 (2020): 9623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob01903h.

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36

Wang, Ting, Zhenyu An, Zhenjie Qi, et al. "Ring-opening/annulation reaction of cyclopropyl ethanols: concise access to thiophene aldehydes via C–S bond formation." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 21 (2019): 3705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo01014a.

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37

Jarjis, Hayfa M., and Salim M. Khalil. "MINDO-Forces Study of Phenyl and Cyclopropyl Substituted Allyl Cations and Anions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 42, no. 3 (1987): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1987-0317.

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MINDO-force calculations have been performed on phenyl and cyclopropyl substituted allyl cations and anions with complete energy minimization. It is found that the phenyl ring destabilizes the allyl cations when substituted at the terminal and at the center carbon atom of the cation, while the cyclopropyl ring stabilizes the allyl cation when substituted at the terminal carbon atoms, but destabilizes the cation when substituted at the center carbon atom of the cation. These results agree with the experimental ones. In the case of the allyl anions, it is found that the phenyl ring destabilizes

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38

Böttcher, Olaf, Nils Heineking, and Dieter Hermann Sutter. "14N Quadrupole Coupling in the Rotational Spectra of Cyclopropylamine and Cyclopropyl Cyanide." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 44, no. 7 (1989): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1989-0709.

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Abstract The 14N hyperfine structure in the rotational spectra of cyclopropylamine and cyclopropyl cyanide has been reinvestigated by microwave Fourier transform spectroscopy. The observed quadrupole coupling constants in units of MHz are: Xaa = 2.3338(18), Xbb = 1.7874(20), Xcc = −4.1209(20) for cyclopropylamine and Xaa = −3.4536(35), Xbb= 1.7468(51), Xcc= 1.7068(51) for cyclopropyl cyanide.

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39

Lantos, Ivan, and Haralambos E. Katerinopoulos. "Synthetic transformations of cyclopropyl annulated dihydroisoquinolines." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 6 (1991): 1033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-152.

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Isomeric 3-cyano-3-methyl-2-acetyl-cycloprop[c]isoquinolines, 5 and 6, were prepared by alkylation and cyclopropanation of Reissert compounds and their reactions under basic conditions were examined. Both compounds, under the influence of methoxide, yielded isoquinoline derived products resulting from cleavage of the peripheral C—C bond. The results are postulated to derive from attack of the methoxide on the acyl carbonyl, forming a tetrahedral adduct that undergoes ring opening. Key words: cyclopropanation, ring opening, tetrahedral complex, pyramidalization.

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40

Galli, Carlo. "Conjugation of the cyclopropyl group." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 27, no. 3 (1989): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260270303.

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41

Liu, Chuang, Yan-Jie Yang, Jun-Ying Dong, Ming-Dong Zhou, Lei Li та He Wang. "Visible-light-promoted hydroxysulfonylation of alkylidenecyclopropanes: synthesis of cyclopropane-containing β-hydroxysulfones". Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, № 24 (2019): 3944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo01058k.

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42

Pirrung, Michael, and Gerard M. McGeehan. "Cyclopropyl-Substituted Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid (Cyclopropyl-ACC)?an Investigation of the Mechanism of Ethylene Biosynthesis." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 24, no. 12 (1985): 1044–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198510441.

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43

Pietruszka, Jörg, Erwin Hohn, and Gemma Solduga. "Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Cyclopropyl Trifluoroborates." Synlett 2006, no. 10 (2006): 1531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-944185.

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44

Cordero, Franca M., Maria Salvati, Carolina Vurchio, Armin de Meijere та Alberto Brandi. "Synthesis of α-Cyclopropyl-β-homoprolines†". Journal of Organic Chemistry 74, № 11 (2009): 4225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo9004684.

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45

Pietruszka, Jörg, and Markus Widenmeyer. "Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropyl Boronic Esters." Synlett 1997, no. 8 (1997): 977–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1997-5790.

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46

Kozhushkov, Sergei I., Thomas Späth, Monica Kosa, Yitzhak Apeloig, Dmitrii S. Yufit, and Armin de Meijere. "Relative Stabilities of Spirocyclopropanated Cyclopropyl Cations." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2003, no. 21 (2003): 4234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200300440.

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47

Liu, Dandan, Long Ai, Fan Li, et al. "Total synthesis of lycorine-type alkaloids by cyclopropyl ring-opening rearrangement." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 20 (2014): 3191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob00126e.

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48

Zhang, Xingxian. "In situ halo-aldol reaction of aldehydes with cyclopropyl ketone promoted by Mgl2 etherate." Journal of Chemical Research 2009, no. 8 (2009): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823407x12474221035280.

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49

Mochalov, S. S., V. N. Atanov, and N. S. Zefirov. "Behavior of 6-cyclopropyl- and 6-bromo-7-cyclopropyl-1,4-benzodioxanes under electrophilic substitution reaction conditions." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 34, no. 5 (1998): 542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02290935.

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Mochalov, S. S., M. I. Khasanov, and N. S. Zefirov. "Synthesis of cyclopropyl-substituted 4H-3,1-benzoxazines from 2-amino-phenyl cyclopropyl ketones and 2-cyclopropanoylaminoacylbenzenes." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 45, no. 2 (2009): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-009-0251-5.

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