Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cyclops3D'

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação
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Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de um protocolo de comunicação em nível de aplicação para possibilitar a realização de teleconferências radiológicas multiponto que seja compatível com redes de banda menor encontradas no interior de nosso país permitindo a transferência de pacotes de dados e imagens. O protocolo foi batizado de "Protocolo Cyclops de Teleconferência - PCT". Para validação do PCT, foi desenvolvido um sistema voltado a telemedicina ou especificamente para a área da teleradiologia. O sistema proposto denomina-se "Sala de Laudos Virtual Multiponto - SLVM", onde seu principal objetivo é compartilhar entre os usuários participantes de uma mesma sessão, arquivos de imagem no padrão DICOM 3.0 e suas ações durante a utilização do sistema. Durante toda a sessão de utilização do sistema, os usuários poderão se comunicar através de chat e também através voz sobre IP. O protocolo PCT permite a transferência apenas de dados referentes a ações dos usuários por chat, mouse e envio de arquivos DICOM. A aplicação desenvolvida para validar o protocolo, Sala de Laudos Virtual Multiponto, permite também a comunicação entre os participantes através de voz sobre IP, portanto, foi adotado um protocolo já existente denominado REMKO que transmite voz sobre conexões UDP. Esta solução permite a criação de um ambiente cooperativo entre médicos localizados geograficamente distantes, utilizando a tecnologia Internet existente para elaboração conjunta de laudos e diagnósticos dos pacientes através de informações e embasamento das imagens compartilhadas entre os membros participantes. O resultado final deste trabalho é um ambiente multiponto que permite que dois ou mais usuários médicos possam efetuar laudos em conjunto. Este sistema é parte integrante do projeto Cyclops Brasil onde possui cooperação binacional com a Universidade de Kaiserslautern da Alemanha com a Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. A parceria objetiva o desenvolvimento de soluções voltadas para informática médica.

The move to increasingly high resolution numerical weather prediction models has created a demand for high resolution observations over wide areas, for model initialisation. The weather radar network is a valuable source of such observations. To address this requirement and increasing concerns of obsolescence in the UK Weather Radar network a program of renewal was undertaken. This resulted in the creation of the Cyclops-DP, dual polarisation weather radar processing and control system, which was used as a platform from which investigation of novel radar observables could be undertaken. The retrieval of near-surface refractivity changes, using fixed clutter targets is investigated. It is shown that by combining dual polarisation measure- ments, an improvement in the correlation with surface observations is obtained. A novel method of determining the target location within the range gate, with the aim of reducing the bias and error in the refractivity retrievals, is tested but not shown to give benefit. The development of, what is thought to be, the first combined dual polar- ization weather radar and radiometer is described. It is shown that useful radiometric measurements can be made using conventional radar hardware and with relatively minor changes, the radar radiometric sensitivity is im- proved by a factor of 3.5. The sensitivity of the atmospheric background noise temperature to changes in temperature and pressure, as a function of elevation, at C band is investigated for the purposes of radiometric calibra- tion. It is shown that a climatological profile can be used in calibrations with certain caveats. A comparison of different methods of estimating the path integrated attenuation is presented and demonstrates that the radiometry- based estimates have skill and benefits compared to other techniques. The potential for using radiometric measurements to estimate partial beam blocking is demonstrated.

In questo elaborato, si effettua uno studio dettagliato della famiglia di macchine miscelatrici Cyclops, che conta tre differenti taglie: maxi, midi e mini. Dopo una prima analisi di mercato, si procede al dettaglio tecnico di queste macchine ed allo studio di un modello analitico relativo ai carichi statici sviluppati ed in fase di miscelazione. In seguito a questo studio sul Maxi, che viene impiegato per miscelare da 700 a 2000 litri, si passa all'analisi del Cyclops Midi, che va dai 300 ai 600 litri. Ad oggi, il telaio portante del Midi è lo stesso impiegato dal Maxi, producendo un effetto negativo sui costi. Per tale ragione, uno degli obiettivi di questo elaborato è incrementare il rapporto performance/prezzo del telaio Midi, ottimizzandone la struttura ed estendendo i litri massimi elaborabili da 600 a 700 litri. Dopo aver effettuato lo studio dei carichi sul telaio del midi, attraverso simulazione FEM vengono simulate alcune possibili modifiche ottenendo una riduzione del costo finale pari al 30% (a parità di deformazioni e tensioni). Passando al Mini, in seguito ad alcune richieste dei clienti, l'obiettivo è estendere i litri miscelabili da 250 a 300. Per fare ciò, sfruttando il modello analitico rifinito in base alle variazioni strutturali della macchina in questione, sono state effettuate tutte le verifiche del caso ed una prova sperimentale al fine di valutare l'idoneità alla miscelazione dei 300 litri. A conclusione di questo elaborato, si affronta la tematica legata alla modifica sistematica dei bin già in possesso del cliente. E' stato quindi realizzato uno studio concettuale valutando alcune soluzioni tecniche mirate a risolvere i problemi legati a due situazioni: bin con telaio portante e bin senza telaio.

Chromatin diminution is defined as the elimination of DNA during the differentiation of early embryonic cells into pre-somatic cells. While it was first observed in the nematode Parascaris equorum, it also been identified in other parasitic nematodes, hagfish and copepods. In the copepod Mesocyclops edax, up to 90% of genomic DNA is eliminated during chromatin diminution. It was previously shown that the eliminated DNA contained highly repetitive heterochromatic sequences. Here, we digested pre- and post-diminution DNA with BamHI and produced small libraries of clones from each. Analyses revealed no decrease in low copy numbered sequences, such as transposable elements. Rather, both libraries are found to be surprisingly similar in all aspects analysed. Further comparison also demonstrated similarity of our libraries with the DNA sequences eliminated from Cyclops kolensis. Consequently, we suggest that M. edax eliminates portions of euchromatic DNA, in addition to the previously characterized satellite sequences.

Arctic charr are susceptible to cestodes like Diphyllobothrium dendriticum which are transmitted through the food web. Field studies investigating Arctic charr-Diphyllobothrium relationships often provide little data from which to fully understand Diphyllobothrium transmission or to assess their impact on copepod or fish hosts. Experimental studies may, therefore, be the only direct way to investigate these issues. The research goal of this thesis was to duplicate the D. dendriticum life cycle in the laboratory to investigate parasite development and host specificity, and to apply the experimental data to natural situations. Results indicated that at 10°C, D. dendriticum eggs develop slowly and 65 days are required for complete embryonation. In many Canadian Arctic lakes water temperatures rarely exceed 4°C, and this study has shown that at this temperature embryonation requires several months, necessitating more than one ice-free season for life cycle completion. The results also showed that embryos developed more rapidly and significantly more eggs hatched when incubated with light or aeration, results that were consistent for D. dendriticum originating from Canada and Norway. To continue the life cycle, coracidia must be consumed by suitable copepod hosts. This study showed that although D. dendriticum will infect the European copepods Cyclops scutifer and Eudiaptomus graciloides, prevalence was higher and procercoids developed more rapidly in E. graciloides. These results showed that E. graciloides is a better host for D. dendriticum than is C. scutifer, contradicting published literature. In North America, E. graciloides is not found in lakes containing D. dendriticum and no North American calanoid species have been tested to determine their host suitability to this cestode. This study identified two North American species, Diaptomus minutus and D. leptopus, which are suitable laboratory hosts. D. minutus is almost certainly a natural host for D. den

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Acacia cyclops, an invasive weed in South Africa, was initially imported to stabilize the sand dunes in the southern Cape. The spread of A. cyclops is a major threat to the fragile biodiversity of the strandveld and limestone fynbos vegetation. Acacia cyclops dieback has been observed for some time, although the causative agent, Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola, has only recently been described. This fungus is nominated for development as a mycoherbicide to control A. cyclops. Although current biological and mechanical control efforts are proving to be partially effective, A. cyclops is still causing major damage to natural ecosystems. The introduction of a mycoherbicide would increase the cost effectiveness of controlling this weed in the long term. The majority of the literature that was reviewed supports the use of mycoherbicides as biocontrol agents, especially when taking into account the decrease in acceptance and availability of chemical control agents. Considering that the Pseudolagarobasidium genus consists of saprobes, opportunistic facultative pathogens and endophytes, P. acaciicola is predicted to have similar biological characteristics. The species is also highly likely to be indigenous, although with a wider distribution range than previously envisaged. Strict precautions should still however be taken to ensure that non-target species will not be threatened. This study consists of a unique risk assessment comprising different sections. A field survey was performed to record disease incidence among indigenous woody plant species around 100 diseased A. cyclops trees. Subsequently, DNA extractions were made from the roots of the diseased indigenous plants and A. cyclops trees to verify the presence of P. acaciicola. Of the 2432 indigenous woody plants observed, 22 (0.9%) were dead or dying, while P. acaciicola was detected in 10 of these (0.4%), representing six species. Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola was detected in 47% of the A. cyclops trees. Although P. acaciicola could be a weak pathogen in a broad range of indigenous plant species, the extremely low disease incidence is an indication of a low level of risk associated with using P. acaciicola as a mycoherbicide. Additionally, pathogenicity trials on indigenous plant species were conducted to give an indication of host susceptibility. A total of 30 indigenous plant species were wound inoculated at two field sites, and potted plants representing 17 indigenous plant species were wound and soil inoculated in a nursery. The optimum growth temperature for P. acaciicola was determined in order to understand it’s seasonal and landscape preference. Mortality was recorded in five of nine indigenous Fabaceae species, while a single plant each of four other non-Fabaceae species died after inoculation. No plants outside the Fabaceae family died in the field. Only A. cyclops seedlings died following soil inoculation. Longitudinal sections of stem inoculated plants revealed no systemic infection in Fabaceae species that survived inoculation. Infection in susceptible Fabaceae species was generally more extensive than infection in susceptible non-Fabaceae species. The optimum growth rate for P. acaciicola was determined at 35°C, indicating an adaptation to summer conditions. Indigenous Fabaceae species do display greater susceptibility than species from other families, indicating some level of specificity, although susceptible species can not be phylogenetically circumscribed. Aside from being a facultative pathogen on A. cyclops, results from this study suggest that P. acaciicola is primarily a saprophyte and an occasional opportunistic pathogen on some indigenous Fabaceae, possibly only being a weak opportunistic pathogen on some non-Fabaceae species. However, the risk of not effectively managing A. cyclops populations in these threatened vegetation types outweighs the risk associated with using P. acaciicola as a mycoherbicide. Therefore the use of P. acaciicola as a mycoherbicide on A. cyclops would be recommended, provided that sufficient monitoring of treated sites is implemented that primarily focus on the indigenous Fabaceae species. The effective control of A. cyclops could be achieved when P. acaciicola is used to compliment current mechanical, biological and chemical control methods in an integrated management strategy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Acacia cyclops, ook bekend as rooikrans, is ‘n indringerplant in Suid-Afrika wat oorspronklik vanaf Australië ingevoer is om die sandduine in die Kaap te stabiliseer. Die verspreiding van rooikrans bedreig die sensitiewe biodiversiteit van die strandveld en kalksteen fynbos. Rooikrans terugsterwing is al vir ‘n geruime tyd opvallend in die grootste deel van die plant se verspreiding in Suid-Afrika, alhoewel die veroorsakende organisme, Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola, eers onlangs beskryf is. Hierdie swam is as ‘n geskikte kandidaat vir die ontwikkeling van ‘n biologiese onkruiddoder om rooikrans te beheer, genomineer. Alhoewel die huidige biologiese- en meganiese beheer metodes vir rooikrans gedeeltelik suksesvol is, hou dié indringer steeds ‘n ernstige bedreiging vir die natuurlike ekosisteme in. Die gebruik van ‘n swam-gebaseerde onkruiddoder sal die beheer van rooikrans oor die langtermyn meer koste-effektief maak. Die oorgrote meerderheid van die literatuur wat hersien is, ondersteun die gebruik van swam-gebaseerde onkruiddoders as biologiese beheermiddels, veral as die afname in aanvaarbaarheid en beskikbaarheid van chemiese beheermiddels in ag geneem word. Aangesien die Pseudolagarobasidium genus uit saprofiete, opportunistiese fakultatiewe patogene en endofiete bestaan, word daar voorspel dat P. acaciicola ‘n soortgelyke biologiese karakter sal hê. Dit is hoogs waarskynlik dat hierdie swamspesie inheems is, alhoewel die verspreiding wyer mag wees as wat oorspronklik voorspel is. Streng maatreëls moet egter steeds in plek wees om te verseker dat nie-teiken plantspesies nie bedreig word nie. Hierdie studie bestaan uit ‘n unieke risiko-analise met verkeie onderafdelings. ‘n Veld-opname is uitgevoer om die siekte-voorkoms van die inheemse houtagtige plantspesies rondom ‘n 100 siek rooikrans plante te bepaal. DNA ekstraksies is vervolgens vanuit die wortels van siek inheemse plantspesies en -rooikrans uitgevoer, om uiteindelik die teenwoordigheid van P. acaciicola binne die hout te kon bevestig. Uit ‘n totaal van 2432 inheemse houtagtige plante wat aangeteken is, was 22 (0.9%) siek of dood, terwyl die teenwoordigheid van P. acaciicola in 10 van hierdie plante (0.4%), wat ses spesies teenwoordig, bevestig is. Die teewoordigheid van P. acaciicola is ook in 47% van die rooikrans bevestig. Alhoewel P. acaciicola moontlik ‘n swak opportunistiese patogeen op ‘n verskeidenheid inheemse plantspesies is, dui die lae verhouding van dooie inheemse plante teenoor gesonde plante in die veld op ‘n lae risiko vir die gebruik van P. acaciicola as ‘n biologiese onkruiddoder. Patogenisiteitstoetse is op inheemse plantspesies uitgevoer om ‘n aanduiding van gasheervatbaarheid te verkry. Wond-inokulasies is op ‘n totaal van 30 inheemse plantspesies by twee veldstudie-areas uitgevoer, terwyl wond- en grond-inokulasies op 17 inheemse spesies potplante in die kweekhuis uitgevoer is. Die optimale temperatuur waarby P. acaciicola groei, is bepaal om die swam se seisoenale- en habitatsvoorkeure beter te verstaan. Plante van vyf uit die nege inheemse Fabaceae spesies het doodgegaan, terwyl ‘n enkele plant van vier nie-Fabaceae spesies doodgegaan het. Alle plante buite die Fabaceae familie het oorleef in die veld na inokulasie. Slegs rooikranssaailinge het na grond inokulasie doodgegaan. Lengtedeursnee van die stam en wortels van elke geïnokuleerde plant het bevestig dat daar geen sistemiese infeksie in Fabaceae spesies wat inokulasie oorleef het, plaasgevind het nie. Infeksies in vatbare Fabaceae spesies was oor die algemeen meer ernstig as infeksies in vatbare nie-Fabaceae spesies. Die optimale groei van P. acaciicola het by 35°C plaasgevind, wat aandui op ‘n voorkeur vir somerstoestande. Inheemse Fabaceae spesies het meer vatbaar as vatbare plantspesies van ander families voorgekom. Hierdie verskynsel dui op ‘n sekere vlak van spesifisiteit, alhoewel daar geen duidelike filogenetiese grense vir vatbare spesies bepaal kon word nie. Behalwe vir die feit dat P. acaciicola ‘n fakultatiewe patogeen op rooikrans is, stel resultate van hierdie studie voor dat hierdie swam hoofsaaklik ‘n saprofiet is wat soms ook ‘n opportunisties patogeen op sekere inheemse Fabaceae is en moontlik slegs ‘n swak opportunistiese patogeen op plantspesies buite die Fabaceae familie is. Die swak en oneffektiewe bestuur van rooikrans in hierdie bedreigde plantegroeitipes hou egter ‘n groter bedreiging in as die gebruik van P. acaciicola as ‘n biologiese onkruiddoder. Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola word daarom aanbeveel vir die beheer van rooikrans, mits voldoende monitering, wat fokus op inheemse Fabaceae spesies, gepaard gaan met die gebruik van hierdie biologiese onkruiddoder. Rooikrans kan effektief beheer word as P. acaciicola ingespan word om huidige meganiese-, biologiese- en chemiese beheermetodes in ‘n geïntegreerde bestuurstrategie te komplimenteer.

Includes bibliographical references.
The collection of gall-forming Cecidomyiidae specimens and their parasitoids from Australia and South Africa during this project produced a large and valuable assemblage of material, most of which will be or has been lodged with the National Insect Collection (Pretoria) (parasitoids) or the South Australian Museum Adelaide (cecidomyiids).

Thesis (MFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is aimed at testing the possibility of using woody biomass from three invasive woody vegetation types (Spider Gum, Myrtle and Acacia) for production of bioenergy in the Cape Agulhas Plain. Physical recoverability of the woody biomass was studied by means of a semi-mechanized harvesting system to evaluate potential productivity, operational costs and the estimated yield energy gain. The system consisted of five components: manual harvesting, motor-manual harvesting, extraction, chipping and road transport. Data on the system productivity was obtained using activity sampling and time study techniques. Activity sampling was applied on manual and motor-manual harvesting in order to record harvesting time and standard time study techniques were used to obtain time data for extraction, chipping and road transport operations. Findings revealed benefits associated with the utilisation of invasive woody vegetation as energy feedstock. Therefore, the problem of exotic tree species can be dealt with by transforming them into energy feedstock, thus minimising the effect of invasive plants. At the same time essential biomass energy can be produced, while some of the cost of production could be offset by the benefits accruing from the biomass energy. The Acacia site, characterized by larger mature dense trees, had the highest amount of harvested biomass compared to the rest of the vegetation types (i.e. Myrtle and Spider Gum). The overall system productivity was found to be significantly influenced by a low equipment utilisation rate, estimated at 50%. This resulted in low production rates in general. The low supply rate of material to the chipper by the three-wheeled loader (1.5 – 5.3 oven-dry tonne per production machine hour) was found to be a major constraint in the chipping process, especially when considering that the chipper is potentially capable of chipping 4 – 9.4 ODT PMH-1 at the harvesting sites. This resulted in a significant energy balance of 463 GJ between output and input energy of the system. The overall total supply chain system costs based various road transport distances of species ranged from R 322.77 ODT-1 to R 689.76 ODT-1 with an average of R 509 ODT-1. This was found to be costly compare to the case where high machine utilisation rate and optimal productivity are used (average of R 410 ODT-1), biomass recoverability in this field trial had a higher total system cost due to low productivity, resulting from the low equipment utilisation rate applied.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie was gemik daarop om die moontlikheid van die gebruik van houtagtige biomassa, afkomstig van uitheemse plantegroei (Bloekom, Mirte en Akasias) op die Agulhasvlakte vir bio-energie te ondersoek. Potensiële produktiwiteit, bedryfskostes en die geskatte energie opbrengs toename is gebruik, om die fisiese opbrengs van houtagtige biomassa van ʼn semi-gemeganiseerde ontginningstelsel te evalueer. Die stelsel het uit vyf komponente bestaan: Handontginning, motor-handontginning, uitsleep, verspandering en padvervoer. Data oor die stelselproduktiwiteit is uit tydstudie en aktiwiteit steekproewe verkry. Aktiwiteit steekproewe is toegepas op hand- en motorhandontgining om ontginingstyd te verkry, terwyl tydstudie standaardtegnieke gebruik is om tyd data vir uitsleep, verspandering en padvervoer werksaamhede te verkry. Bevindings het die voordele met bettrekking tot die gebruik van uitheemse plantegroei as energiebron bevestig. Die uitdaging rondom die verspreiding van uitheemse plantegroei kan dus aangespreek word deur dit as energiebron te benut. Die produksiekoste vir die toegang tot die bruikbare biomassa kan moontlik voorsien word uit die voordele van die gebruik van die energie wat uit die benutting van die biomassa verkry word. Die groter meer volwasse en digte Akasia opstand het die meeste ontginde biomassa gelewer vergeleke met die ander opstande in die studie (d.i. Mirte en Bloekom). Die stelselproduktiwiteit is beduidend beïnvloed deur die lae toerustinggebruik wat minder as 50% beloop het. Dit het ook laer produksievermoë in die algemeen tot gevolg gehad. In die verspandering werksaamheid blyk die lae invoer tempo (1.5 – 5.3 oonddroog ton per produktiewe masjienuur) van die driewiellaaier die beperking op die proses te wees, veral as in ag geneem word dat die verspandering teen 4-9.4 ODT PMH-1 kan geskied. Die resultaat was ʼn beduidende energie balans van 463 GJ tussen uitset- en invoerenergie van die stelsel. Die totale toevoerketting kostes gegrond op verskeie padvervoer afstande van die spesies was tussen R 322.77 ODT-1 tot R 689.76 ODT-1, met ʼn gemiddelde rondom R 509 ODT-1. Die resultaat is duur gevind in vergeleke met gevalle waar hoë masjiengebruik en optimale produktiwiteit (gemiddeld van R 410 ODT-1), moontlik was. Die biomassaherwinning in die studie het ʼn hoër totale stelselkoste gehad veroorsaak deur lae produktiwiteit, wat verwant is aan die laer toerusting gebruikstempo wat verkry is.

Acacia cyclops A. Cunn. ex G. Don is an invasive alien plant that invades fynbos and coastal dunes. Several acacia species are grown commercially in South Africa and this has limited biocontrol agents to those that reduce only reproductive capacity. Dasineura dielsii was released in 2002 as a biocontrol agent for A. cyclops. This gall-forming midge destroys inflorescences and prevents seedpods from forming, but allows continued harvesting. Insects overwinter as larvae within their galls. This study examined the levels of parasitism experienced by dormant D. dielsii larvae, as well as the trigger that causes them to break dormancy. Gall clusters were sampled over autumn and early winter, and were dissected to determine occupancy. The effects of temperature and light on dormant larvae were also examined. Observations showed that as the season progressed, more D. dielsii larvae entered dormancy. At the same time, a greater proportion of dormant larvae were parasitized. Parasitism was highest, at 18.5%, at the end of the study period, but this level of parasitism is not enough to reduce the biocontrol power of D. dielsii. A positive relationship between mass of gall clusters and the number of galls they contain was established. Larval dormancy could not be artificially broken by either light or temperature, and it appears that neither factor alone can trigger a break in dormancy.

The invasive potential of Myoporum laetum, a tree recently introduced into the southwestern Cape, South Africa, was evaluated, by comparing various aspects of its seed biology with those of another bird-dispersed alien, Acacia cyclops which is a successful invader in this region. M. laetum has higher annual seed production, but lower soil-stored seed banks than A. cyclops. Both experience high seed predation, especially under parent canopies. M. laetum has a more persistant seed store and is able to germinate and establish in shade. Germination of untreated A. cyclops seeds was 23.3% and this increased to 47.4% after mild heat treatment. Untreated M. laetum seeds were completely dormant, but 3.3% germinated after acid treatment. The high seed production, bird dispersal, persistant seed banks and ability to establish in shade, suggest that M. laetum could become invasive in thickets, such as existing acacia stands.

L'Indonesie presente un grand nombre de complexes ophiolitiques (sulawesi, seram, meratus a borneo, cyclops et la haute-chaine centrale en irian jaya) qui se sont formes dans des contextes arriere-arc. Cette hypothese repose essentiellement sur des donnees petrologiques et geochimiques. Ces massifs, bien que fortement demembres, montrent tous les termes d'une sequence ophiolitique normale, depuis les peridotites et les gabbros jusqu'aux basaltes. Ces roches presentent neanmoins des caracteristiques geochimiques distinctes d'un massif a l'autre. Toutes les laves montrent des anomalies en nb caracteristiques des contextes de subduction, la variation des rapports la/nb traduisant cependant une influence plus ou moins importante de la plaque en subduction. Les differents taux de fusion partielle et les enrichissements metasomatiques des peridotites sont particulierement bien mis en evidence par leurs niveaux de concentration des terres rare legeres et les elements traces. Ces massifs ophiolitiques representeraient donc d'anciens fragments lithopheriques qui, juxtaposes, formeraient une section type d'un bassin arriere-arc. Nos donnees montrent une diminution de l'influence de la plaque en subduction dans les basaltes et les peridotites associees au cours de l'oceanisation du bassin arriere-arc. Toutes ces donnees nous ont permis de completer et de modifier les modeles paleogeodynamiques de l'asie du se actuellement publies

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-94).
Acacia cyclops A. Cunn ex G. Don, or rooikrans (Fabaceae), of Australian origin, is an invasive environmental weed in South Africa where it threatens the unique vegetation of the Cape Floral Kingdom. The invasiveness of the plant in South Africa is, in part, due to its high annual seed-yields, together with the suitable climatic and edaphic factors found here. This study investigated the role of a seed-feeding weevil, Melanterius servulus, which was first introduced into South Africa during 1991, as a biological control agent of A. cyclops seeds, together with the combined effects of indigenous seed-sucking bugs and birds. The weevils utilise filled green pods of A. cyclops for adult feeding, oviposition and larval development and completely destroy seeds during these activities. Examination of the reproductive phenology of A. cyclops showed that seeds are produced annually, during summer and that the presence of filled green pods on the plants coincides with the period of reproductive activity of the weevils. Melanterius servulus populations have established readily at all the original release sites, and within four years of release, damage levels to seeds commonly reached 90%. The weevils have dispersed at an average rate of approximately 2 km per year. Since becoming established in South Africa. the seeds of A. cyclops have been utilised by a variety of generalist vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. Indigenous polyphagous alydid bugs feed on the mature seeds, rendering a portion of the crop inviable when damage levels are high (more than five feeding-punctures per seed). Several bird species are attracted to and feed on the fleshy aril that surrounds theseeds of A. cyclops. Passage of the seeds through the gut of birds enhances germination rates. There is a synergetic relationship between alydids and birds because seeds with low levels of alydid feeding (one to four punctures per seed) germinated more readily after passage through birds than seeds that were not eaten by birds.

The successful, efficient, and safe turbine design requires a thorough understanding of the underlying physical phenomena. This research investigates the physical understanding and parameters highly correlated to flutter, an aeroelastic instability prevalent among low pressure turbine (LPT) blades in both aircraft engines and power turbines. The modern way of determining whether a certain cascade of LPT blades is susceptible to flutter is through time-expensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. These codes converge to solution satisfying the Eulerian conservation equations subject to the boundary conditions of a nodal domain consisting fluid and solid wall particles. Most detailed CFD codes are accompanied by cryptic turbulence models, meticulous grid constructions, and elegant boundary condition enforcements all with one goal in mind: determine the sign (and therefore stability) of the aerodynamic damping. The main question being asked by the aeroelastician, ``is it positive or negative?'' This type of thought-process eventually gives rise to a black-box effect, leaving physical understanding behind. Therefore, the first part of this research aims to understand and reveal the physics behind LPT flutter in addition to several related topics including acoustic resonance effects. A percentage of this initial numerical investigation is completed using an influence coefficient approach to study the variation the work-per-cycle contributions of neighboring cascade blades to a reference airfoil. The second part of this research introduces new discoveries regarding the relationship between steady aerodynamic loading and negative aerodynamic damping. Using validated CFD codes as computational wind tunnels, a multitude of low-pressure turbine flutter parameters, such as reduced frequency, mode shape, and interblade phase angle, will be scrutinized across various airfoil geometries and steady operating conditions to reach new design guidelines regarding the influence of steady aerodynamic loading and LPT flutter. Many pressing topics influencing LPT flutter including shocks, their nonlinearity, and three-dimensionality are also addressed along the way. The work is concluded by introducing a useful preliminary design tool that can estimate within seconds the entire aerodynamic damping versus nodal diameter curve for a given three-dimensional cascade.

Dissertation

碩士
國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
103
This thesis introduces a novel gesture input system via the images captured by a fisheye lens whose extremely wide field-of-view significantly broadens the system’s capability of perceiving the gestures performed by users and further enables the possibility of interacting with the environment. According to the type of camera sensors (e.g. color or infrared), the captured images can be easily processed to extract the foreground regions by standard image processing techniques (e.g. skin color detection or thresholding) to represent the gestures performed by users. And furthermore, we can enable motion gestures by accumulating the foreground images to temporal templates (e.g. motion history images). To recognize the gestures represented by the image, we use the a machine learning technology called randomized decision forests (RDF). Based on the above framework, we present two proof-of-concept implementations in this thesis. We demonstrate that full-body and whole-hand inter- actions are enabled by realizing the proposed concept with a chest-worn and finger-worn device, respectively. In our first implementation, which we call Cyclops, we positioned the fisheye lens at the central location of the user’s body to see the user’s body limbs. Unlike existing body gesture input systems that requires external camera or distributed motion sensors across the user’s body, Cyclops is a single-piece wearable device and can see the user’s whole body postures from the wide field-of-view fisheye image. And in the second implementation, which we call CyclopsRing, the fisheye lens is worn at hand webbings to see user’s hand from central location that enables hand gesture input and is able to turn skin regions on the fingers and palm into touch interface. Benefitting from the fisheye view, CyclopsRing can incorporate real-world elements into hand-based interactions. CyclopsRing is a ring-stye fisheye imaging device enabling whole-hand and context-aware interaction. The experiment consisting of 20 body workout gestures for Cyclops and 7 hand gestures for CyclopsRing reported 92% and 84% recognition rate achieved by Cyclops and CyclopsRing using RDF respectively.

Abstract Plešné Lake is a small glacial lake in the Bohemian Forest. In the 1980th, it was heavily influenced by an acification event caused by severe atmospheric pollution. Due to some extreme parameters in the water chemistry (mainly low pH and high concentration of toxic aluminum compounds) several zooplankton species got extinct. Among these, two species important in lakes food web: Daphnia spp. and Cyclops abyssorum. They, however, survived the acidification period in one of the Bohemian Forest Lake: Prášilské. Although recovery of lakes from acidification is usually followed by return of some species or colonization by others, recolonization of Plešné Lake is assumed to be very slow or impossible from external sources thanks to the remote position of the lake. Therefore in the fall of 2004 two zooplankton species (Daphnia longispina and Cyclops abyssorum) were artificially reintroduced into Plešné Lake. In the course of 4 years that followed only Cyclops abyssorum appeared in the lake, Daphnia longispina was not recorded. My thesis focuses on several aims. First, I evaluate the development of C. abyssorum population. Second, I studied the competition between C. abyssorum and another copepod species - Heterocope saliens, acidotolerant species which never disappeared from the lake. Third, I...

碩士
國立臺灣大學
外國語文學研究所
105
James Joyce writes Ulysses with the ambition to seek to establish the whole picture of Dublin in Ireland, with various styles and transition of perspectives in each of its chapter in Ulysses. Joyce’s Ulysses tries to embrace everything in the world like the process and operation of an encyclopedia. However, when reading, or commenting on Joyce’s Ulysses, few ever perceive (consciously or unconsciously) the undercurrent circulating behind Ulysses’s ambition of duplicating the whole vivid picture of Dublin: the preserving desire. The wish to write down everything into one novel, or to inscribe everything absolutely, means a desire to preserve it totally without remains. Consequently, it is Joyce’s uncanny or nearly lunatic desire to memorize, record, or archive everything in the encyclopedia called Ulysses that we want to consider and theorize─it is in the perspective of Jacques Derrida’s archive fever that will help to further the reading of Ulysses. The thesis is an attempt to re-archive, re-trace, and re-translate Joyce’s Ulysses. In the first part, I try to theorize Joyce’s use of the lists of names in “Cyclops” in the perspective of Derrida’s archive fever and at the same time historicize with Michael Groden’s observation and documentation of the publication of “Cyclops.” Secondly, I manage to bring up the political dimension of archive fever; that is, the names which are included in “Cyclops” are under the process of selection, or of filtration. Last, I strive to connect the aspect of names with the issue of identity.

博士
國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋生物研究所
102
Copepods play a central role in transferring carbon from lower trophic level to higher trophic level such as fish in the estuarine and marine food webs. The two copepods the calanoid Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (Swell 1919) and the cyclopoid Apocyclops royi (Lindberg 1940) are dominant estuarine copepod species. Both the species were considered to be herbivorous, and being cultured as live feed for grouper and other economical fish larvae. Little attention has so far been paid on feeding ecology of these copepod species. In this thesis, the feeding ecology and predation behavior of these two copepod species on rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis and ciliate Euplotes sp. were elucidated quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Their reproductive performance, survival, postembryonic developmental rates and population dynamics have been estimated on diets of phytoplankton (mono- and plurialgal), animal and combinations theirof. Moreover, the influence of Poly Unsaturated Aldehydes (PUAs) of diatom on development and population size of each copepod species were also investigated. For predation efficiency examination, these copepods were offered ciliate and three states of B. rotundiformis (neonates, ovigerous and non-ovigerous adults) to investigate prey choice, egg predation, prey consumption rates, size selection, and satiation levels and duration. Prey consumption rates on rotifer and ciliate were also recorded in the presence and absence of algae, the smaller Isochrysis galbana and the larger Tetraselmis chui. The predation behavior of each copepod species was videotaped by Fastcam providing information about ingestion of rotifer eggs, rotifer adults and ciliates. Both males and females of each copepod species were able to ingest on eggs, neonates, adults of rotifer and ciliate. Prey consumption rates were higher in P. annandalei than in A. royi. Regardless of sex and reproductive state of the copepods, prey consumption rates were higher on rotifer neonates than on adults and ciliates except the case of male of P. annandalei. The presence of I. galbana had no effect on prey consumption; T. chui influenced the prey consumption rates in P. annandalei. However, the presence of either I. galbana or T. chui significantly reduced the prey ingestion rates in A. royi adults. The egg consumption in copepods increased with increasing numbers of egg bearing rotifers in their environment. From a combination of neonates of B. rotundiformis with either adults rotifer or cells of Euplotes sp. copepod females preferred neonates over adult rotifers and ciliate except at higher proportion of ciliate in A. royi. The prey preference of copepods exhibited switching based on relative prey proportion in the environment. Satiated copepods rejected rotifers more often than hungry individuals. Dual feeding nature of P. annandalei attested that this is more efficient predator than A. royi. Laboratory evaluation of feeding ecology allows us to quantify relative importance of particular diet; food density and food type for commercial culture of copepod species. A thorough knowledge of feeding ecology and food niche size are prerequisite for reliable and sustained production. Both the copepods were estimated as generalist feeders rather than simple herbivorous. Therefore, the reproductive performance, survival and postembryonic developmental rates and population dynamics of each copepod species in relation to food diets and densities were also studied. With monoalgal diets, I. galbana (I), T. chui (T) and Chaetoceros sp. (C) and their different combinations (I+T, I+C, T+C and I+T+C). The reproduction and postembryonic development rates of copepods were influenced differentially by different diets. Algal diets related effects were more pronounced in P. annandalei than in A. royi. Monoalgal diet was evaluated as effective as mixed algal diet in P. annandalei. I. galbana alone has been recorded best food for reproduction and development for P. annandalei. T. chui alone was estimated to be best food for survival and fastest generation time in A. royi. Whereas the mixture of I. galbana + T. chui was found to be best diet for reproduction in A. royi. With combination of algae (either I. galbana or T. chui) and animal (different density of rotifer- 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 ind.60 ml-1) diet, the higher population growth rate was noted with increasing density of rotifer. The optimal culture condition for reliable mass culture of P. annandalei was recorded 320 ind. 60ml-1 with I. galbana. Susceptibility of copepods (nauplii, copepodites and adults) was tested to three PUAs of diatom. 2-trans, 4-trans decadienal (DD) was recorded more toxic compared to other two tested PUAs [2-trans, 4-trans haptadienal (HD); and 2-trans, 4-trans octadienal (OD)] to copepods. P. annandalei was estimated more sensitive to PUAs compared to A. royi. Further, the early stages (nauplii and copepodites) were found more sensitive to PUAs in comparison to adults of copepods. The presence of DD in the medium negatively influenced the survival, post embryonic developmental rates and population growth rates of each copepod species. This thesis provides first information on predatory efficiency and behavior of P. annandalei and A. royi on microplankton, which attests their omnivory feeding habit. Further, the wider food spectrum of these copepods suggests the underlying reasons of perennial abundance of these copepods in many tropical brackish ponds and estuaries. Present results also indicate the major role played by these copepods in shaping the community structure through predation and omnivory in their natural habitat. Subsequently, this thesis provides information about optimal food culture conditions to sustain reliable mass cultivation of these copepods for fish larviculture. Therefore, this thesis has ecological significance as well as aquaculture implications in live feed culture for growing fish larvae.

In mountain lakes, which were affected by acidification in the past or in the present, invertebrate species have become top predators and they influence the whole community. This thesis deals with foraging strategies of three of these predators, Cyclops abyssorum and Heterocope saliens (Crustacea: Copepoda) and Glaenocorisa propinqua (Insecta: Heteroptera) in the model localities Černé lake, Plešné lake and Prášilské lake. The main aim was the determination of food composition and food preferences of these predators. The quality and quantity of consumed food I investigated with a microscope using a method which has not been published yet. To make a microscope preparation I used Potassium hydroxide or Lactic acid in order to dissolve soft organic matter, so that the chitinous particles were well visible. The found food of animal origin was subsequently compared with the prey availability with the use of Jacobs' index. In addition to this research, a feeding experiment with G. propinqua was carried out. The food of all the invertebrate predators was dependent on food availability or eventually on the season of the year. G. propinqua mostly preferred as a prey members of Daphniidae family and then the species Polyphemus pediculus (Cladocera), if they were available (Prášilské lake). In Plešné lake,...

Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...

The pictorial elements of the first six books of the Aeneid can be evidenced through an examination of its structural components. With commentaries on such literary devices as parallels and antipodes, interwoven themes, cyclic patterns, and strategic placement of words in the text, three genres of painting are treated individually in Chapter 1 to illustrate the poet's consistency of design and to prove him a craftsman of the visual arts. In the first division, "Cinematic progression," attention is directed to the language which conveys movement and frequentative action, with special emphasis placed on specific passages whose verbal components possess sculptural or third-dimensional traits and contribute to the "spiral" and "circle" motifs, the appropriate visual agents for animation. Depiction of mythological subjects comprises the second division entitled "Cameos and snapshots." Three selections, dubbed monstra, are explicated with such cross references as to illustrate the poet's use of epithets which he distributes passim to elicit verbal echoes of other passages. The final division, "The Vergilian landscape," addresses two major themes, antithetical in nature, the martial and the pastoral. Their sequential juxtaposition in the text renders a marked contrast in mood which is manifested pictorially in the transition from darkness to light. A panoramic chiaroscuro emerges which is the tapestry against which Aeneas makes his sojourn through the Underworld. It is the perfect backdrop to accompany the overriding theme of "things hidden," res latentes, which encompasses a greater part of the epic and becomes the culminant motif of the paintings which comprise the visual presentation. Chapter 2 functions as a catalogue raisonne for art inspired by the Aeneid from early antiquity up to the present day. Such examples of artistic expression provide a continuum with which to appropriate Horace's maxim, ut pictura poesis, in their evaluation. The verbal exegeses in Chapter 1 have been programmed to comport with the thematic content of the visual presentation in Chapter 3, a critique exemplifying the transposition of the verbal to the pictorial. With these canvases I have attempted to render a new perspective of Vergil's epic in the genre of abstract expressionism.
Art
D. Litt. et Phil.