Journal articles: 'Cydia pomonella'

1

Zichová, T., V. Falta, F. Kocourek, and J. Stará. "Differences in the susceptibility of codling moth populations to Cydia pomonella granulovirus in the Czech Republic." Horticultural Science 38, No. 1 (February 3, 2011): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2010-hortsci.

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The Cydia pomonella granulovirus is a very important agent for the biological control of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, in both organic and integrated apple and pear production. Three populations of Cydia pomonella originating from three separate areas of the Czech Republic were tested for their susceptibility to Cydia pomonella granulovirus in laboratory bioassays at several concentrations of Cydia pomonella granulovirus. A sensitive laboratory strain was chosen as a control. The larval mortality was checked 14 days after the infection. The mortality of Cydia pomonella larvae was similar in specimens originating from both the wild populations and the laboratory strain. Decreased susceptibility to Cydia pomonella granulovirus was demonstrated neither in samples from locality without Cydia pomonella granulovirus treatment nor from a locality experimentally treated with Cydia pomonella granulovirus for several years during the registration process. However, one population experimentally treated for more than 10 years was partially resistant to Cydia pomonella granulovirus. Based on our findings; the Cydia pomonella granulovirus biopesticides will be efficient due to the high susceptibility of field codling moth populations to Cydia pomonella granulovirus in the Czech Republic.

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Bou Hamdan, Rami, Wajih Kassis, and Mazen Bou Faour. "Resistance of Third and Fifth Instars of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) to the Insecticide Deltamethrin in As-Suwayda Governorate, Syria." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 41, no. 2 (2023): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-41.2.183189.

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Bou Hamdan, R., W. Kassis and M. Bufaur. 2023. Resistance of Third and Fifth Instars of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) to the Insecticide Deltamethrin in As-Suwayda Governorate, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(2): 183-189. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-41.2.183189 Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) is a key pest of global importance that affects apple fruit production and its populations have developed resistance to insecticides in many apple production areas. Third-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella has developed a vigor tolerance to deltamethrin in the fields of As-Suwayda Governorate, Syria. The resistance rate (RR) was (5, 5.6, 6.79) after (24, 48, 72) hours after treatment with deltamethrin, respectively, while ultra-vigor tolerance was observed in the non-diapausing fifth-instar larvae of codling moth (males and females), the resistance rate (RR) was (6.42, 7.75, 9.67) for males and (8.49, 9.84, 10.26) for females after (24, 48, 72) hours, 188 مجلة وقاية النبات العربية، مجلد ،41 عدد 2 ) 2023( respectively, It was noted that females of the non-diapausing fifth-instar larvae was more resistant than males. Based on the results, it is recommended to exclude deltamethrin for a while, using it with other insecticides, not re-using it many times or mixing it with one of the synergists. Keywords: Cydia pomonella (L.), non-diapausing larvae, insecticide resistance, resistance rate, deltamethrin

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Hinsberger, Aurélie, Christine Blachère-Lopez, Caroline Knox, Sean Moore, Tamryn Marsberg, and Miguel Lopez-Ferber. "CpGV-M Replication in Type I Resistant Insects: Helper Virus and Order of Ingestion Are Important." Viruses 13, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091695.

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The genetic diversity of baculoviruses provides a sustainable agronomic solution when resistance to biopesticides seems to be on the rise. This genetic diversity promotes insect infection by several genotypes (i.e., multiple infections) that are more likely to kill the host. However, the mechanism and regulation of these virus interactions are still poorly understood. In this article, we focused on baculoviruses infecting the codling moth, Cydia pomonella: two Cydia pomonella granulovirus genotypes, CpGV-M and CpGV-R5, and Cryptophlebia peltastica nucleopolyhedrovirus (CrpeNPV). The influence of the order of ingestion of the virus genotypes, the existence of an ingestion delay between the genotypes and the specificity of each genotype involved in the success of multiple infection were studied in the case of Cydia pomonella resistance. To obtain a multiple infection in resistant insects, the order of ingestion is a key factor, but the delay for ingestion of the second virus is not. CrpeNPV cannot substitute CpGV-R5 to allow replication of CpGV-M.

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Beşleagă, Ramona, E. Cârdei, and M. Tălmaciu. "Results on the Efectiveness of Plant Protection Products Tested at the Fruit Growing Research and Development Station Iaşi, Romania." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0005-x.

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Results on the Efectiveness of Plant Protection Products Tested at the Fruit Growing Research and Development Station Iaşi, Romania During 2010-2011, at the Fruit Growing Research and Development Station (FGRDS) Iaşi, Romania, were carried aut research on testing the effectiveness of plant protection products. The experiment was conducted in experimental polygon, in an apple orchard, the variety Idared. Pests on witch observations were made were: Cydia pomonella L., Adoxophyes reticulana, Panonychus ulmi, Phyllonorycter spp., and the products tested were: Affirm SG 095 and Voliam Targo SC 063. The products Affirm SC 095 was tested against the apple skin moth (Adoxophyes reticulana) and apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), and the product Voliam Targo SC 063 was tested against red mites (Panonychus ulmi) and the leaves miners (Phyllonorycter spp.) apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.). As standard products Coragen and Vertimec 1.8 EC were used at the rates of 0.15 l/ha and 0.75/ha respectively.

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Hrudová, Eva. "Nontarget lepidoptera species found in the pheromone traps for selected Tortricid species in 2002 and 2003 years." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 1 (2005): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553010035.

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Pheromone traps were used to monitor the following tortricid moths, i.e. Adoxophyes orana, Archips podanus, A. rosanus, Hedya nubiferana, Pandemis heparana, Spilonota ocellana, Cydia pomonella, Cydia funebrana and Cydia molesta in the localities Brno-Tuřany (Brno-město), Nebovidy (Brno-venkov) and Prakšice (Uherské Hradiště). Other Lepidoptera non-target species were present in these target-species pheromone traps, i.e. Adoxophyes orana, Agrotis segetum, Amphipoea oculaea, Archips rosanus, Celypha striana, Cydia coronillana, Enarmonia formosana, Epiblema scutulanum, Epinotia huebneriana, Eucosma fervidana, Euxoa tritici, Hedya pruniana, H. nubiferana, Lymantria dispar, Noctua pronuba, Notocelia rosaecolana, N. roborana, Pammene albuginana, P. suspectana, Pandemis cerasana, Pyrausta rectefascialis, P. aurata, Spilonota ocellana, Yponomeuta malinellus and Zygaena purpuralis.

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6

Kot, Izabela. "Monitoring of Codling Moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) in Apple Orchards Using Two Methods." Journal of Plant Protection Research 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-010-0038-9.

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Monitoring of Codling Moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) in Apple Orchards Using Two MethodsThe present studies were conducted in 1999-2001 in three apple orchards differing from each other by the system of cultivation, the type of agricultural treatments and chemical control of pests. Their purpose was to monitor codling moth (Cydia pomonellaL.) in different types of apple orchards using pheromone traps, finding out the relation between the occurrence of moths and the sum of effective temperatures as well as determining the number of wintering caterpillars of this species with the use of bands of corrugated paper. The analysis of male flight of codling moth on the basis of pheromone traps makes it possible to state the occurrence of two generations in each studied year. The maximum population of the first generation was observed in the second or third ten days of June, while that of the second generation in the first ten days of August. The moths flight began when the sum of effective temperatures was 109.2-145.2°C, and the mean diurnal temperature was 12.3-17.2°C.

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7

Stará, J., and F. Kocourek. "Evaluation of efficacy of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) to control the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L., Lep.: Tortricidae) in field trials." Plant Protection Science 39, No. 4 (November 25, 2011): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3830-pps.

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The efficacy of a CpGV-based preparation of Czech production against codling moth (CM) was tested in an experimental apple orchard at Prague-Ruzyně in 1998–2000. The influence of CpGV treatment on the reduction of CM population density and fruit injury was evaluated in comparison with teflubenzuron. Decline of CpGV efficacy in the orchard was tested in laboratory conditions on apples sampled at different terms after CpGV treatment. The rates of CpGV applied ranged from 0.5 to 1.00 × 10<sup>13 </sup>granulles/ha, and the number of applications from 3 to 5 per year. The biological efficacy of CpGV to reduce the CM population density ranged from 75.5% to 96.0%, that of teflubenzuron from 90.8% to 97.5%, compared to the untreated control. The CpGV treatment was more efficacious in reducing the CM population density than in reducing fruit injury. The efficacy of CpGV decreased to 50% after 20, 10 and 11 d after treatment in 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. According to our results, a 10 d interval for CpGV treatments is recommended in case of further mass egg-laying by CM in the period between CpGV applications.  

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8

Schumacher, Peter, Donald C. Weber, Christian Hagger, and Silvia Dorn. "Heritability of flight distance for Cydia pomonella." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 85, no. 2 (November 1997): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00247.x.

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9

Hrudová, E. "The presence of non-target lepidopteran species in pheromone traps for fruit tortricid moths." Plant Protection Science 39, No. 4 (November 25, 2011): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3831-pps.

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In the localities Brno-Tuřany (Brno-město) and Prak&scaron;ice (Uherské Hradi&scaron;tě) pheromone traps were used to monitor tortricid moths Adoxophyes orana, Archips podanus, A. rosanus, Hedya nubiferana, Pandemis heparana, Spilonota ocellana, Cydia pomonella, Cydia funebrana and Cydia molesta. Other moths species were also present in these pheromone traps for target species: Pammene albuginana, Cydia coronilana, Notocelia rosaecolana, Hedya pruniana, noctua pronuba, Ypponomeuta malinellus, Pyrausta rectefascialis and P. aurata.  

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10

Gund, Nadine A., Annette Wagner, Alicia E. Timm, Stefanie Schulze-Bopp, Johannes A. Jehle, Jes Johannesen, and Annette Reineke. "Genetic analysis of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations with different levels of sensitivity towards the Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV)." Genetica 140, no. 4-6 (June 2012): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-012-9675-4.

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11

Soleño, J., L. B. Parra-Morales, L. Cichón, S. Garrido, N. Guiñazú, and C. M. Montagna. "Occurrence of pyrethroid resistance mutation in Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) throughout Argentina." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 2 (August 23, 2019): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000439.

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AbstractPyrethroid insecticides were intensively used against Cydia pomonella in the Río Negro and Neuquén valley, main production area of pome fruits in Argentina. Therefore, the first objective was to evaluate lambda-cyhalothrin resistance levels in C. pomonella larvae from orchards in this area that are currently under pyrethroids treatments. The second objective was to evaluate the frequency of kdr mutation in C. pomonella across Argentina. High levels of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios > 30) were determined in all the populations evaluated. The L1014F (kdr) mutation was evaluated in 355 diapausing larvae collected in 12 orchards from San Juan to Santa Cruz provinces (1690 km away from each other). The highest frequency of kdr mutation was determined in larvae from the Río Negro and Neuquén valley (0.61), followed by those from Mendoza (0.36). The kdr allele was absent or present at very low frequencies in orchards subjected to low pyrethroid pressure. The frequency of detection of kdr mutation in C. pomonella from Argentina is related to the use of pyrethroids against this pest in different areas. Target-site insensitivity is, at least, one of the mechanisms involved in resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in codling moth from the Río Negro and Neuquén valley.

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Eberle, Karolin E., Samy Sayed, Mohammedreza Rezapanah, Sharareh Shojai-Estabragh, and Johannes A. Jehle. "Diversity and evolution of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus." Journal of General Virology 90, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.006999-0.

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Eight new field isolates of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) originating in Iran and Georgia and one English CpGV isolate were analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and by partial genome amplification and sequencing. According to the observed RFLPs, most of the predominant genotypes of these isolates could be assigned to those present in previously found isolates originating from Mexico (CpGV-M), England (CpGV-E) and Russia (CpGV-R). We suggest that these isolates should be designated genome A, B and C types, respectively. A fourth genome type was identified in three isolates and is designated D type. The isolates with A, B and D type genomes contained four open reading frames (ORFs) (ORF63–ORF66) not present in C type genomes. The lack of these ORFs in other granuloviruses suggests that the C type genome is evolutionarily ancestral to the other genome types. The B and D type genomes contained an additional insertion of a non-protein coding region of 0.7 kb, which was at different genome locations. Analysis of the partial gene sequences of late expression factor 8 (lef-8), lef-9 and polyhedrin/granulin (polh/gran) genes revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that corresponded to the RFLP types. Phylogenetic analyses based on these SNPs corroborated the proposed ancestry of the C type genome. C type viruses were also less virulent to neonate codling moth larvae than the other virus types. In conclusion, the known diversity of CpGV isolates can be described by four major genome types, which appear to exist in different isolates as genotype mixtures.

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Vilaplana, Ll, and D. R. O'Reilly. "Functional interaction between Cydia pomonella granulovirus IAP proteins." Virus Research 92, no. 1 (March 2003): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00324-6.

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Miller, D. P., T. Luque, N. E. Crook, D. Winstanley, and D. R. O’Reilly. "Expression of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus iap3 gene." Archives of Virology 147, no. 6 (June 2002): 1221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-001-0802-2.

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Daimon, T., S. Katsuma, W. K. Kang, and T. Shimada. "Functional characterization of chitinase from Cydia pomonella granulovirus." Archives of Virology 152, no. 9 (June 8, 2007): 1655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-007-1000-7.

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McGhee, Peter S., Larry J. Gut, and James R. Miller. "Aerosol emitters disrupt codling moth, Cydia pomonella , competitively." Pest Management Science 70, no. 12 (March 10, 2014): 1859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3732.

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Neven, Lisa G. "Cold Hardiness Adaptations of Codling Moth,Cydia pomonella." Cryobiology 38, no. 1 (February 1999): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cryo.1998.2140.

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Idris, I., and K. Hussian. "Effects of gamma radiation and Bacillus thuringiensis on F1 progeny of Cydia pomonella." Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2021-0010.

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Summary The codling moth [Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] is the main pest in most apple orchards in Syria. It causes billions of dollars in loss of fruit crops every year. The present work examined the effects of gamma radiation and Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) on F1 progeny of C. pomonella. The experimental design was based on two factors, namely F1 offspring produced by males irradiated at a dose of 150 Gy, and artificial diet of BT-treated larvae. The first offspring of unirradiated and irradiated C. pomonella males, F1, were from parents treated with a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis BT (Dipel® 2X). F1 progeny of unirradiated was significantly less susceptible to BT than that of irradiated parents. The results showed high mortality in F1 progeny of C. pomonella when gamma radiation and BT were applied together. The LC50 in F1 progeny was 2.5 ppm for irradiated parents, while it was 13 ppm for unirradiated ones. A significant reduction in the fecundity and egg hatchability of F1 progeny of irradiated parents compared to unirradiated ones was observed. This study demonstrated that for F1 progeny the combination between Inherited Sterility Technique and BT can be useful to achieve an integrated pest management program of codling moth.

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S. Rajput. "MONITORING OF CODLING MOTH CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) THROUGH PHEROMONE TRAPS IN APPLE ORCHARD." Pakistan Journal of Science 75, no. 03 (September 1, 2023): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i03.1003.

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A trial was conducted using RCBD design at Barkhan (Baghao) province Balochistan. Pheromone traps (04) were placed among the apple trees for the collection of the adult codling moth. These traps were hung on four randomly selected Apple tree at height of 2.5 meters with adjacent of five trees. The result indicated that the first flight of C. pomonella population (7.20±0.40 moths per trap) was observed in 17th standard metrological week. Afterwards, the C. pomonella population increases gradually 8.50±1.10 moths per trap in the 21ststandard metrological week. The maximum C. pomonella population (12.68±1.12 moths per trap) was recorded during the 28th standard metrological week. Minimum C. pomonellapopulation (5.10±0.51 and 5.53±2.10 moths per trap) was recorded during 18th and 20thstandard metrological week, respectively. Correlation studies indicates that there was positive and highly significant (p<0.01) association (r=0.849) for maximum and minimum temperatures (r=0.7130). While, there was significant but negative association (r= -0.359) for relative humidity with target pest population. In a similar way, there was negative and non-significant relationship (r= - 0.004) for total rainfall with C. pomonella population. After going through the results indetail, it was concluded that pheromone trap were found effective for control codling moth of apple.

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Arends, Hugo M., Doreen Winstanley, and Johannes A. Jehle. "Virulence and competitiveness of Cydia pomonella granulovirus mutants: parameters that do not match." Journal of General Virology 86, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 2731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81152-0.

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The LD50, median survival time (ST50) and virus production are virulence parameters that are commonly used to describe the biological characteristics of viruses. In this study, these parameters were determined for Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-M) and two naturally occurring mutants (CpGV-MCp4 and -MCp5) that carry Tc1-like insect transposable elements. The three virus genotypes were similar in their LD50, ST50 and virus production. However, the mutant genotypes MCp4 and MCp5 were very effectively out-competed by CpGV-M in direct competition experiments, where Cydia pomonella larvae were co-infected with known ratios of occlusion bodies or budded virus of CpGV-M and one of the two mutants. It was demonstrated that MCp5 and MCp4 could not be sustained in the virus population when the progeny viruses of different co-infections were used as inocula to infect next passage larvae. These results show that the virulence parameters LD50, ST50 and virus production alone do not adequately reflect the competitiveness of the virus and are thus not suitable to describe virus population dynamics.

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Wu, Qiang, Longsheng Xing, Min Du, Cong Huang, Bo Liu, Hongxu Zhou, Wanxue Liu, Fanghao Wan, and Wanqiang Qian. "A Genome-Wide Analysis of Serine Protease Inhibitors in Cydia pomonella Provides Insights into Their Evolution and Expression Pattern." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 22 (November 15, 2023): 16349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216349.

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Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) appear to be ubiquitous in almost all living organisms, with a conserved structure and varying functions. Serpins can modulate immune responses by negatively regulating serine protease activities strictly and precisely. The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), a major invasive pest in China, can cause serious economic losses. However, knowledge of serpin genes in this insect remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of the serpin genes in C. pomonella, obtaining 26 serpins from the C. pomonella genome. Subsequently, their sequence features, evolutionary relationship, and expression pattern were characterized. Comparative analysis revealed the evolution of a number of serpin genes in Lepidoptera. Importantly, the evolutionary relationship and putative roles of serpin genes in C. pomonella were revealed. Additionally, selective pressure analysis found amino acid sites with strong evidence of positive selection. Interestingly, the serpin1 gene possessed at least six splicing isoforms with distinct reactive-center loops, and these isoforms were experimentally validated. Furthermore, we observed a subclade expansion of serpins, and these genes showed high expression in multiple tissues, suggesting their important roles in C. pomonella. Overall, this study will enrich our knowledge of the immunity of C. pomonella and help to elucidate the role of serpins in the immune response.

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Dai, Wen-Ting, Jin Li, and Li-Ping Ban. "Genome-Wide Selective Signature Analysis Revealed Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Cydia pomonella." Insects 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13010002.

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The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is a serious invasive pest of pome fruits. Currently, C. pomonella management mainly relies on the application of insecticides, which have driven the development of resistance in the insect. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of insecticide resistance is of great significance for developing new pest resistance management techniques and formulating effective resistance management strategies. Using existing genome resequencing data, we performed selective sweep analysis by comparing two resistant strains and one susceptible strain of the insect pest and identified seven genes, among which, two (glycine receptor and glutamate receptor) were under strong insecticide selection, suggesting their functional importance in insecticide resistance. We also found that eight genes including CYP6B2, CYP307a1, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, cuticle protein, and acetylcholinesterase, are potentially involved in cross-resistance to azinphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Moreover, among several P450s identified as positively selected genes, CYP6B2, CYP4C1, and CYP4d2 showed the highest expression level in larva compared to other stages tested, and CYP6B2 also showed the highest expression level in midgut, supporting the roles they may play in insecticide metabolism. Our results provide several potential genes that can be studied further to advance understanding of complexity of insecticide resistance mechanisms in C. pomonella.

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Rezapanah, M. "Screening Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) isolates via comparative bioassays." Iranian Journal of Virology 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21859/isv.9.3.1.

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Polesny, F. "INTEGRATED CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH (CYDIA POMONELLA) IN AUSTRIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 525 (March 2000): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.525.32.

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Winstanley, D., and N. E. Crook. "Replication of Cydia pomonella granulosis virus in cell cultures." Journal of General Virology 74, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-74-8-1599.

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Luque, Teresa, Ruth Finch, Norman Crook, David R. O’Reilly, and Doreen Winstanley. "The complete sequence of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus genome." Journal of General Virology 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 2531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-10-2531.

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The nucleotide sequence of the DNA genome of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) was determined and analysed. The genome is composed of 123500 bp and has a G+C content of 45·2%. It contains 143 ORFs of 150 nucleotides or more that show minimal overlap. One-hundred-and-eighteen (82·5%) of these putative genes are homologous to genes previously identified in other baculoviruses. Among them, 73 are homologous to genes of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), whereas 108 and 98 are homologous to genes of Xestia c-nigrum GV (XcGV) and Plutella xylostella GV (PxGV), respectively. These homologues show on average 37·4% overall amino acid sequence identity to those from AcMNPV and 45% to those from XcGV and PxGV. The CpGV gene content was compared to that of other baculoviruses. Several genes reported to have major roles in baculovirus biology were not found in the CpGV genome, such as gp64, the major budded virus glycoprotein gene in some nucleopolyhedroviruses, and lef-7, involved in DNA replication. However, the CpGV genome encodes the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase, three inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) homologues and two protein tyrosine phosphatases. The CpGV, PxGV and XcGV genomes present a noticeably high level of conservation of gene order and orientation. A striking feature of the CpGV genome is the absence of typical homologous repeat sequences. However, it contains one major repeat region and 13 copies of a single 73–77 bp imperfect palindrome.

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Ruberson, John R., Joseph R. Larsen, and Clive D. Jorgensen. "Embryogenesis of the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 80, no. 5 (September 1, 1987): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/80.5.561.

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McDonough, L. M., H. G. Davis, P. S. Chapman, and C. L. Smithhisler. "Codling moth (Cydia pomonella): Disruptants of sex pheromonal communication." Journal of Chemical Ecology 20, no. 1 (January 1994): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02065999.

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Hilton, Sally, and Doreen Winstanley. "Identification and functional analysis of the origins of DNA replication in the Cydia pomonella granulovirus genome." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 1496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82760-0.

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The entire genome of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) was systematically screened for origins of DNA replication, using an infection-dependent DNA replication assay in the granulovirus-permissive Cydia pomonella cell line, Cp14R. All seven cosmids in an overlapping library that covered the CpGV genome were found to replicate in the assay. A genomic library of 32 overlapping plasmids was subsequently screened. Plasmids that replicated were in turn subcloned into 1–2 kbp overlapping fragments. Eleven subclones replicated, each containing at least one of the 13 single-copy 74–76 bp imperfect palindromes, previously identified in the CpGV genome as possible origins of replication. Genome fragments of 156 bp, each containing one of the 13 palindromes, were cloned to verify replication and provided confirmation that these 13 palindromes are the only origins of replication in the genome. A real-time PCR method was developed for the quantification of DNA replication, which eliminated the need for Southern blotting and hybridization. A set of deletion clones allowed further quantitative characterization of one of the palindromes. The previously proposed non-homologous region origin of replication did not replicate in the assay.

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Gronning, Erik K., and Douglas G. Pfeiffer. "Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in Apple Orchards Receiving Pheromone-based or Conventional Tortricid Management Programs." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.4.501.

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Pitfall trapping was used to assess the effect of a low-spray mating disruption program targeted against the codling moth and leafrollers on carabid communities (potential predators of codling moth, Cydia pomonella [L.], leafrollers [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] and apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella [Walsh]) in the orchard ground cover. Abundance and species richness of carabids were generally higher in mating disruption blocks relative to conventionally-managed blocks. Over 2 yrs, 3,173 carabids representing 62 species in 27 genera were collected. The most common carabids (more than 5% of the total carabid population) were Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) (38.2%), Harpalus erythropus Dejean (11.4%), Poecilus lucublandus (Say) (10.1%), Dicaelus elongatus Bonelli (6.2%) and Harpalus longicollis LeConte (5.9%).

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Olivares, Jérôme, Myriam Siegwart, Mathieu Gautier, Sandrine Maugin, Léa Gingueneau, and Bertrand olivares. "Genetic basis of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) resistance to the original isolate of C. pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV-M)." Entomologia Generalis 43, no. 3 (September 6, 2023): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2052.

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32

Fan, Jiangbin, Jörg Wennmann, and Johannes Jehle. "Partial Loss of Inheritable Type I Resistance of Codling Moth to Cydia pomonella granulovirus." Viruses 11, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060570.

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Current knowledge of the field resistance of codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella, L) against Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is based mainly on the interaction between the Mexican isolate CpGV-M and CpRR1, a genetically homogeneous CM inbreed line carrying type I resistance. The resistance level of laboratory-reared CpRR1 to CpGV-M was recently found to have decreased considerably, compared to the initially high resistance. To understand the background of this phenomenon, CpRR1 larvae were exposed over several generations to CpGV-M for re-selection of the original resistance level. After five and seven generations of selection, new CpRR1_F5 and CpRR1_F7 lines were established. The resistance ratio of these selected lines was determined by full range bioassays. The CpRR1_F5 strain regained a higher level of resistance against CpGV up to 104-fold based on LC50 values compared to susceptible larvae (CpS), which indicated that the absence of virus selection had resulted in a reduction of resistance under laboratory rearing conditions. In addition, some fitness costs of fecundity were observed in CpRR1_F5. Single-pair crossings between CpRR1_F5 or CpRR1_F7 with susceptible CpS moths revealed a dominant but not fully sex-linked inheritance, which suggests a partial loss of previous resistance traits in CpRR1.

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Hinsberger, Aurélie, Stéphane Theulier Saint Germain, Patrice Guerrero, Christine Blachère-López, Miguel López-Ferber, and Sandrine Bayle. "A Combination of Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melting Analysis to Detect and Identify CpGV Genotypes Involved in Type I Resistance." Viruses 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11080723.

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Cydia pomonella granulovirus, in particular CpGV-M isolate, is used as a biological control against the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella. As a result of intensive control over the years, codling moth populations have developed resistance against this isolate. This resistance is now called type I resistance. Isolates, among them, CpGV-R5, have been found that are able to overcome type I resistance. Both CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 are used in orchards to control the codling moth. High resolution melting (HRM) has been adapted to differentiate between CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 isolates. Specific PCR primers have been designed for the CpGV p38 gene, encompassing the variable region responsible for the ability to overcome resistance. Because each amplicon has a specific melting point, it is possible to identify the CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 genotypes and to quantify their relative proportion. This method has been validated using mixtures of occlusion bodies of each isolate at various proportions. Then, the HRM has been used to estimate the proportion of each genotype in infected larvae or in occlusion bodies (OBs) extracted from dead larvae. This method allows a rapid detection of genotype replication and enables the assessment of either success or failure of the infection in field conditions.

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Galinato, Suzette P., R. Karina Gallardo, David M. Granatstein, and Mike Willett. "Economic Impact of a Potential Expansion of Pest Infestation: Apple Maggot in Washington State." HortTechnology 28, no. 5 (October 2018): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04141-18.

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Apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) is an insect pest of apple (Malus domestica) that is currently limited in extent in the commercial production areas of Washington State thanks to a quarantine program. We estimate the costs to the Washington economy if this pest were to spread more widely. Apple maggot control costs are related to the pressure of codling moth (Cydia pomonella), the most prevalent insect pest in commercial apple production in Washington State. It was found that the losses for the Washington apple industry’s range from $510 million to $557 million, depending on the codling moth pressure. Our findings underscore the importance of an efficient quarantine program that minimized the risk of spreading the pest along with additional costs associated with quarantined areas.

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Schifani, Enrico, Daniele Giannetti, and Donato A. Grasso. "Predatory Abilities of Two Mediterranean Ants on the Eggs and Larvae of the Codling Moth Cydia pomonella." Insects 14, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14020097.

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The predatory ability of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) against insect pests can offer an important service to agricultural activities and may sometimes be directly exploited in biological control strategies. The codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) is a major agricultural pest of fruit orchards, whose biological control is complicated by the fact that the larvae spend most of their life protected within the fruits they damage. In a recent experiment in Europe, pear trees in which ant activity was artificially increased by the addition of sugary liquid dispensers (artificial nectaries) suffered less damage caused by the larvae to their fruits. While some ants were already known to prey upon the mature larvae or pupae of C. pomonella in the soil, prevention of fruit damage would require predation upon eggs or newly hatched larvae, which have not yet excavated into the fruits. We verified whether two different Mediterranean ants frequently observed in fruit orchards, Crematogaster scutellaris and Tapinoma magnum, were able to prey upon C. pomonella eggs and larvae in laboratory conditions. Our experiments demonstrated that both species similarly attacked and killed young C. pomonella larvae. On the other hand, the eggs mostly attracted the attention of T. magnum but were never damaged. Further field assessments are required to understand whether ants may also interfere with oviposition by adults or whether larger ant species, although generally rarer in orchards, may also prey upon eggs.

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Gümüşsoy, Asım, Ebubekir Yüksel, Göksel Özer, Mustafa İmren, Ramazan Canhilal, Mohammed Amer, and Abdelfattah A. Dababat. "Identification and Biocontrol Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Their Endosymbiotic Bacteria in Apple Orchards against the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Insects 13, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121085.

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The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the major pests in pome fruit production worldwide. Heavy treatment of the larvae of C. pomonella with insecticides triggered the development of resistance to many groups of insecticides. In addition, the increasing concern about the adverse effects of synthetic insecticides on human health and the environment has led to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly control practices for C. pomonella. The entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp.) and their endosymbionts (Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp.) represent a newly emerging approach to controlling a wide range of insect pests. In the present study, field surveys were conducted in apple orchards to isolate and identify EPNs and their endosymbionts and evaluate their insecticidal efficacy on the larvae of C. pomonella. EPNs were isolated from 12 of 100 soil samples (12%). Seven samples were identified as Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), whereas five samples were assigned to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae). The pathogenicity of the EPN species/isolates was screened on the last instar larvae of G. mellonella. The two most pathogenic isolates from each EPN species were tested against fifth instar larvae of C. pomonella under controlled conditions. The maximum mortality (100%) was achieved by all EPN species/isolates at a concentration of 100 IJs/larva 96 h after treatment. The endosymbionts of selected H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae species were identified as Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii and Xenorhabdus bovienii, respectively. The mortality rates ranged between 25 and 62% when the fifth larval instar larvae of C. pomonella were exposed to the treatment of cell-free supernatants of symbiotic bacteria. In essence, the present survey indicated that EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria have good potential for biological control of C. pomonella.

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Elkins, R. B., and H. H. Shorey. "MATING DISRUPTION OF CODLING MOTH (CYDIA POMONELLA) USING âPUFFERSâ." Acta Horticulturae, no. 475 (September 1998): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.475.62.

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38

Boivin, Thomas, Cécile Chabert D'Hières, Jean C. Bouvier, Dominique Beslay, and Benoît Sauphanor. "Pleiotropy of insecticide resistance in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 99, no. 3 (June 2001): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00838.x.

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39

Roubal, C., and J. Rouzet. "Development and use of a forecasting model for Cydia pomonella *." EPPO Bulletin 33, no. 3 (December 2003): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2003.00664.x.

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40

Bäckman, Anna-Carin, Marie Bengtsson, and Peter Witzgall. "Pheromone Release by Individual Females of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella." Journal of Chemical Ecology 23, no. 3 (March 1997): 807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:joec.0000006412.16914.09.

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41

Horner, Rachael, Georgia Paterson, James T. S. Walker, George L. W. Perry, Rodelyn Jaksons, and David Maxwell Suckling. "Will Peri-Urban Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Challenge Local Eradication?" Insects 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11040207.

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Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a phytosanitary pest of New Zealand’s export apples. The sterile insect technique supplements other controls in an eradication attempt at an isolated group of orchards in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand. There has been no attempt in New Zealand to characterize potential sources of uncontrolled peri-urban populations, which we predicted to be larger than in managed orchards. We installed 200 pheromone traps across Hastings city, which averaged 0.32 moths/trap/week. We also mapped host trees around the pilot eradication orchards and installed 28 traps in rural Ongaonga, which averaged 0.59 moths/trap/week. In Hastings, traps in host trees caught significantly more males than traps in non-host trees, and spatial interpolation showed evidence of spatial clustering. Traps in orchards operating the most stringent codling moth management averaged half the catch rate of Hastings peri-urban traps. Orchards with less rigorous moth control had a 5-fold higher trap catch rate. We conclude that peri-urban populations are significant and ubiquitous, and that special measures to reduce pest prevalence are needed to achieve area-wide suppression and reduce the risk of immigration into export orchards. Because the location of all host trees in Hastings is not known, it could be more cost-effectively assumed that hosts are ubiquitous across the city and the area treated accordingly.

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42

Iraqui, Salma El, and M’hamed Hmimina. "Assessment of control strategies against Cydia pomonella (L.) in Morocco." Journal of Plant Protection Research 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0012.

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Abstract The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is the key pest of apple production worldwide. In Morocco, there is a sustainable presence of codling moth causing considerable damage in apple orchards despite frequent applications of broad spectrum insecticides. For 12 years, sexual trapping and chemical control were performed and the development of the codling moth population was analysed in an orchard which was in the region of Azrou. The efficacy of some insecticides (azinphos-methyl, chlorpyriphos-ethyl, diflubenzuron, thiacloprid, methoxyfenozide, spinosad, and deltamethrin) was also evaluated on neonate larvae and compared with a laboratory sensitive strain. This procedure was done to assess an eventual resistance in Moroccan populations. The action threshold was usually exceeded, leading to an intensive chemical control, with an average frequency of 9 to 13 days. The chemical control was done according to the action persistence time of the insecticides and the trap captures. However, those two parameters are compromised in Moroccan conditions because of the high summer temperatures which disrupt the action of insecticides and exacerbate populations. The pheromone traps may become ineffective and useless. Neonate larvae were resistant to five insecticides out of seven. Such results suggest the presence of a cross resistance in local strains. Overall, the insect resistance, the functioning of the sexual traps, and some insecticides properties (persistence action, pre-harvest interval) are the key factors that could explain the failure to control these moths under Moroccan conditions.

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43

Jones, Virginia M., and Barbara C. Waddell. "Hot-Water Effect on Mortality of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 90, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 1357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/90.5.1357.

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44

Wu, Z. W., X. Q. Yang, and Y. L. Zhang. "The Toxicology and Biochemical Characterization of Cantharidin on Cydia pomonella." Journal of Economic Entomology 108, no. 1 (January 8, 2015): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tou031.

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45

Soltani, Noureddine, and Nadia Soltani-Mazouni. "Diflubenzuron and oogenesis in the codling moth,Cydia pomonella(L.)." Pesticide Science 34, no. 3 (1992): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780340311.

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46

Berling, Marie, Christine Blachere-Lopez, Olivier Soubabere, Xavier Lery, Antoine Bonhomme, Benoï¿½t Sauphanor, and Miguel Lopez-Ferber. "Cydia pomonella granulovirus Genotypes Overcome Virus Resistance in the Codling Moth and Improve Virus Efficiency by Selection against Resistant Hosts." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 4 (December 29, 2008): 925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01998-08.

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ABSTRACT Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for 15 years as a bioinsecticide in codling moth (Cydia pomonella) control. In 2004, some insect populations with low susceptibility to the virus were detected for the first time in southeast France. RGV, a laboratory colony of codling moths resistant to the CpGV-M isolate used in the field, was established with collection of resistant insects in the field followed by an introgression of the resistant trait into a susceptible colony (Sv). The resistance level (based on the 50% lethal concentrations [LC50s]) of the RGV colony to the CpGV-M isolate, the active ingredient in all commercial virus formulations in Europe, appeared to be over 60,000-fold compared to the Sv colony. The efficiency of CpGV isolates from various other regions was tested on RGV. Among them, two isolates (I12 and NPP-R1) presented an increased pathogenicity on RGV. I12 had already been identified as effective against a resistant C. pomonella colony in Germany and was observed to partially overcome the resistance in the RGV colony. The recently identified isolate NPP-R1 showed an even higher pathogenicity on RGV than other isolates, with an LC50 of 166 occlusion bodies (OBs)/μl, compared to 1.36 ï¿½ 106 OBs/μl for CpGV-M. Genetic characterization showed that NPP-R1 is a mixture of at least two genotypes, one of which is similar to CpGV-M. The 2016-r4 isolate obtained from four successive passages of NPP-R1 in RGV larvae had a sharply reduced proportion of the CpGV-M-like genotype and an increased pathogenicity against insects from the RGV colony.

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47

Geissler, Klaus. "Eignung des granulose‐virus des apfelwicklers (Cydia pomonella L.) zur Bekämpfung des erbsenwicklers (Cydia nigricana steph.)." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 29, no. 2 (September 1994): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235409409383110.

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Ríos-Velasco, Claudio, Víctor M. Sánchez-Valdez, Gabriel Gallegos-Morales, and Octavio Jhonathan Cambero-Campos. "Evaluación en campo del granulovirus CpGV sobre Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 3, no. 4 (July 6, 2018): 797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v3i4.1432.

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Del 01 de abril al 30 de mayo de 2007, se hicieron aplicaciones de concentraciones bajas de granulovirus de Cydia pomonella (CpGV) a la recomendada comercialmente en larvas de C. pomonella en Jamé, Arteaga, Coahuila, México, que fueron de 35, 75 y 150 mL/ha (7.7X1011, 1.65X1012 y 3.3X1012 gránulos ha), en un huerto experimental de manzano con variedades Golden y Red Delicious. La eficiencia se estableció en relación al porcentaje acumulado de frutos dañados, en el periodo de evaluación, para lo cual se cuantificó el total de los frutos dañados en cada fecha de muestreo. Se observó diferencia significativa (p< 0.05) en el porcentaje de frutos dañados, tratados con CpGV (0.09% a 0.58%), en comparación a los testigos interno y externo con 1.43% a 4.77% respectivamente. Acorde a los resultados las dosis bajas de CpGV son eficientes para el control de palomilla de la manzana, siempre y cuando se apliquen el día de la emergencia de las larvas de primer estadio.

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Petrova, V. "Control of plum fruit moth Cydia (Grapholita) funebrana in organic plum production." Agricultural Science and Technology 15, no. 3 (September 2023): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.028.

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Abstract. The investigation was conducted in the experimental plum orchard with cultivar 'Stanley' (European Plum) during the period 2019–2021 at the Institute of Agriculture - Kyustendil, Bulgaria. The aim of the study was to establish suitable bioinsecticides to control the economically important pest of the plum Cydia funebrana. Plant protection products Madex Twin and Naturalis were used to control the plum fruit moth in organic plum production. Madex Twin is a biological insecticide, based on the Cydia pomonella granulovirus virus and Naturalis is a bioinsecticide based on the living conidiospores of Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040. During the study period, both bioinsecticides yielded satisfactory results. The damages were in the range of 1.67% to 6.0% for Madex Twin, 1.78% to 5.0% for Naturalis, and 3.0% to 10.0% for untreated control.

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Podgornaya, Marina, Svetlana Prakh, Anfisa Vasilchenko, and Nadezhda Didenko. "Biorational method for controlling the abundance of Cydia pomonella L. in apple agrocenoses of the Krasnodar region." BIO Web of Conferences 34 (2021): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213404013.

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In the region of Krasnodar Territory, Cydia pomonella L. belongs to the dominant pests of the apple tree, against which 8-10 treatments with insecticides are carried out during the growing season. In world practice, pheromones Shin-Etsu® MD CTT, D and BRIZ® are used in apple agrocenoses for the control of C. pomonella. abstention or reduction of insecticidal treatments leads to a decrease in the pesticide load on the agrocenosis of the garden by a factor of two or more. The objective of our research was to determine the biological pheromones effectiveness in controlling C. pomonella quantity. The test was carried out in two horticultural zones of the Krasnodar Territory, in areas with different numbers of phytophage. The experiment as a result, it was found that in the experimental plots the percentage of damaged fruits in the drop was 1.3-1.5%. Fruit damage wasn’t observed in a removable crop, which corresponds to the results of the standard version, with the use of insecticidal treatments. It was found that the pheromones usage in the Black Sea horticultural zone of the Krasnodar Territory is economically feasible. Сost reduction for the purchase of insecticides amounted to 9089.2 rub/ha, a decrease in pesticide load by 70%.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cydia pomonella'

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