Journal articles: 'Cyhalothrin'

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Pavlovic, Ivan, Suren Husinec, Vitomir Djokic, and Marina Vuksa. "Efficacy of different lambda-cyhalothrin formulations against ticks." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 23, no. 2 (2008): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif0802127p.

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Ticks (Acari:Ixodida) are arthropods of special biomedical importance, well known as transmitters of several zoonotic diseases. Various acaricides have been used to control them but their number has decreased over the years. Having this in mind, we examined in 2003-2005 the possibility of using a 5% microemulsion and an EC formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin to control ticks on dogs and sheep, and in houses. The 5% microemulsion of lambda-cyhalothrine caused tick mortality after 2-3 minutes. The efficacy of the 5% EC formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was unsatisfactory.

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Djouaka, Rousseau, Murielle Soglo, Michael Kusimo, Razack Adéoti, Armand Talom, Francis Zeukeng, Armand Paraïso, et al. "The Rapid Degradation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Makes Treated Vegetables Relatively Safe for Consumption." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071536.

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Lambda-cyhalothrin (λ-cyhalothrin) is the most commonly used pyrethroid insecticide for vegetable farming in Benin. This insecticide is misused and overused by farmers, and hence may pose health hazards to consumers. We monitored λ-cyhalothrin residues in lettuce and cabbage from farms at the market gates in Cotonou and Parakou using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis techniques. These residues were also monitored on samples directly from farms (on-farm sampling) for 14 days post-treatment. Potential factors such as photolysis and hydrolysis involved in λ-cyhalothrin degradation were also screened. Results revealed that the level of λ-cyhalothrin residue concentrations in lettuce from Houeyiho decreased from 4.2 mg/kg on Day 1 to about 0.2 mg/kg on Day 7. On Day 9, analyzed lettuces were all λ-cyhalothrin free. In contrast, even 14 days after treatment of cabbage from Bawera (Parakou), we still recorded the presence of λ-cyhalothrin residues in analyzed samples. For samples from market gates, λ-cyhalothrin residues were found in lettuce from two markets out of the nine surveyed in Cotonou. Interestingly, none of these contaminated samples had residues above the maximum residue limit for lettuce (MRL = 0.5 mg/kg). Similarly, in Parakou, samples from all five surveyed vegetable markets were contaminated with λ-cyhalothrin residues at concentrations below the MRL for cabbage (MRL = 0.2 mg/kg). We conclude that λ-cyhalothrin residues in lettuce and cabbage from farms and markets in Parakou and Cotonou are within the MRL, and hence are relatively safe for consumption.

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Zhang, Rong Hu, Zhen Hua Zhou, and Jian Cheng Feng. "Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Pesticide Degrading Bacterium ZC-5." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.628.

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A highly efficient lambda-cyhalothrin-degrading bacterium, designated as strain ZC-5, was isolated from the activated sludge of a sewage aeration tank in a pesticide factory by enrichment acclimation and the streak plate method. Strain ZC-5 can grow on minimal medium with lambda-cyhalothrin as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. After cultivation for 6 h to 24 h, the biomass of the bacterial strain significantly increased at the logarithmic phase. By contrast, the concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin rapidly decreased. The residual lambda-cyhalothrin presented a concentration of 250 mg/L and a degradation rate of 50%. Gas chromatography revealed that this strain can degrade 87.1% lambda-cyhalothrin (500 mg/L) in the culture within 2 days. Morphological analysis showed the Gram-negative strain as short rods. Physiological and biochemical characterizations, as well as phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence identified the bacterium to be an Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain. Results showed that this strain can provide a novel strategy to biodegrade the pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin.

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Zheng, Ling Ling, Hai Jin Mou, and Jing Li. "Determination and Microbial Degradation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.430.

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This work presents laboratory studies on the degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin. At first, a rapid quantitative determination method of lambda-cyhalothrin in food was developed by high performance liquid chromatography. Lambda-cyhalothrin-degrading bacterium F37 was isolated from the sewage of a pesticide factory outlet and was identified as Citrobacter braakii. The effects of environmental factors including carbon and nitrogen sources, initial pH, medium volume, incubating temperature and substrate concentration on the degradation rate were investigated. The addition of sucrose and yeast extract at the concentrations of 4.0 and 3.0 g/L, respectively, was the best for the degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin. F37 showed higher degradation activity at the range of moderate pH value (pH 6.5-8.0). After 72-h stirring culture, the degradation rates of lambda-cyhalothrin reached 81.1% at pH 7.0. The degradation dynamics analysis showed that the degradation half-life times of lambda-cyhalothrin in the culture liquid of F37 were only 5.7, 1.9 and 4.9 days at pH 9.0, 7.0 and 5.0, respectively. In addition, cypermethrin and triazophos could also be degraded by F37, showing that F37 was a broad-spectrum pesticide- degrading bacterium. Application of F37 on eliminating pesticide in vegetable showed that 68% of lambda-cyhalothrin was removed after treatment for 48 h. The results indicated that Citrobacter braakii F37 is effective in the elimination of pesticide and may provide a potent application in detergent industry and environmental restoration.

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Tunca, Hatice. "Determination of changes in Arthrospira platensis antioxidant activity and growth parameters due to oxidative stress arising from Lambda cyhalothrin." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 56 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2020024.

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Toxic stress caused by pesticides changes the function and structure of the aquatic ecosystem via impressing to species composition. Therefore it is necessary to determine the reaction of cyanobacteria to pesticides for comprehend the effects of these substances on the aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to determine the toxicity and oxidative stress that Lambda cyhalothrin may cause in cyanobacteria, one of the primary producers in lake ecosystems. For these reasons, the changes in chlorophyll-a content, OD560 absorbance, the antioxidant enzyme acitvities such as superoxidedismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reducatse (GR) were assessed to carry out the effect of Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations (between 6.25 and 100 μg ml−1) on Arthrospira platensis. EC50 value is calculated as 11.94 μg m l−1 Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations. SOD and APX activities was statistically different from the control at 100 μg m l−1 Lambda cyhalothrin application compared to control in A. platensis-M2 cells. On the other hand, GR activity did not effect significantly. According to our results, we may conclude that Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations used in this study inhibited the growth of A. platensis cells in a time and dose-dependent manner, as indicated by lowered chlorophyll-a content and OD560 values and Lambda cyhalothrin caused oxidative stress in A. platensis cells. As a result, the restriction of Lambda cyhalothrin using at the certain concentrations may be a step to prevent pesticide pollution in the environment.

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Ikram, Naheed, and Nafisa Shoaib. "Effects of pesticides on photosynthesis of marine phytoplankton." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 1007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v47i4.47401.

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Toxicity of pesticides, namely chlorpyrifos, malathion, cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and buctril were tested on the photosynthetic behavior of marine phytoplankton. The phytoplankton population was exposed to 0.01, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 ppm of test pesticides. The toxicity of pesticides stands in the order of lambda-cyhalothrin > chlorpyrifos > buctril > malathion > cypermethrin. The most toxic pesticide was lambda-cyhalothrin having IC50 value of 0.014 ppm. Toxicity of cypermethrin was less on phytoplankton compared to others.

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Ghosh, Rini, Tuhina Das, Anurag Paramanik, and Sujata Maiti Choudhury*. "Taurine improves lambda cyhalothrin induced biochemical alterations in Wistar rat liver." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 11 (October 31, 2016): 5059. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.11.0013.

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Taurine is a major intracellular free β-amino acid, which can protect the body against toxicity. Lambda-cyhalothrin, a third-generation type II pyrethroid. is used predominantly in agriculture production and animal husbandry. The aim of the present study was to investigate lambda cyhalothrin-induced biochemical changes in rat liver and to search out the possible role of taurine for the attenuation of hepatotoxic biomarkers. Male rats were randomly divided into six groups and lambda cyhalothrin was orally administered at two dose levels (10.83mg/body wt., 15.17mg/body wt.) alone and in combination with taurine pretreatment (50mg/kg body wt) for 14 consecutive days. A significant change in blood glucose level with a marked decline in glycogen content were indicated the hepatic dysfunction in lambda cyhalothrin treated rats. This was also confirmed by the altered activities of serum hepatic biomarker enzymes and lipid profiles in LCT intoxicated rats. Pre-treatment of taurine mitigated the abnormalities. These findings pointed out the toxic effect of lambda cyhalothrin in rat liver and also revealed the protective action of taurine against this pyrethroid.

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Tibola, Cristiane Maria, Leandro Silva, Fernanda Sgubin, and Celso Omoto. "Monitoring Resistance of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Insecticides by Using Encapsulated Artificial Diet Bioassay." Insects 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070599.

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The novel ingestion bioassay method was developed for detecting and monitoring resistance of Euschistus heros by encapsulating an artificial liquid diet using Parafilm®. This methodology was compared with the tarsal contact (vial test) and topical application methods for thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin. The best bioassay method for the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid was ingestion. For pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin, the best result was obtained by topical application. Using the best bioassay method for each insecticide, the susceptibility to these insecticides was monitored in 30 populations of E. heros collected from soybean crops in Brazil from 2018 to 2020. High variations in susceptibility to thiamethoxam (resistance ratios, 1.6–22 times), imidacloprid (resistance ratios, 1.6–22 times), and lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios, 5–40 times) were detected among the evaluated E. heros populations. In order to monitor the susceptibility of E. heros to insecticides, diagnostic concentrations were defined based on the LC99 of the susceptible reference population: 5.65 µL of a.i./mL for thiamethoxam, 12.45 µL of a.i./mL for imidacloprid, and 0.20 µg of a.i./insect for lambda-cyhalothrin. Subsequently, we select an E. heros strain resistant to neonicotinoid insecticides and another to lambda-cyhalothrin. The resistance ratios obtained after seven selection cycles were 66, 41 and 44 times for thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively.

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Lukwa, N., A. Makuwaza, S. L. Mutambu, and P. Munosiyei. "The residual effect of lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in Zhombe, Kwekwe district, Zimbabwe." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 44, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2012.e10.

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Indoor residual house spraying using lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was conducted in Zhombe Resettlement area, Zimbabwe. A total of 204/219 (93.1%), 224/260 (86.2%) and 257/325 (79.1%) rooms were sprayed with lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and DDT wettable powders respectively. Bioassays were conducted on sprayed walls and roofs using 3-5 day old laboratory reared susceptible Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes placed in World Health Organization cones. Bioassays conducted on sprayed walls (1 month), showed that efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin was the same with DDT but different with deltamethrin and this trend continued in the 2nd month. During the 3rd month, lambda-cyhalothrin killed more mosquitoes than deltamethrin (P=1.931x10-14), DDT killed more mosquitoes than deltamethrin (P=0.0001) and lambda-cyhalothrin killed more mosquitoes than DDT (walls). Efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin and DDT was the same 4 months post spray (P=0.487), notable differences were seen in lambdacyhalothrin and deltamethrin (P=2.57x10-6), DDT and deltamethrin (P=2.17-10-8). Efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin and DDT was the same 5 months post spray (P=0.244), major differences were found in lambdacyhalothrin and deltamethrin (P=0.000), DDT and deltamethrin (P=5.18x10-5) and this trend continued in the 6th month. One month after spraying roofs, mortality of mosquitoes due to lambdacyhalothrin/ deltamethrin (P=2.56x10-5), lambda-cyhalothrin/DDT (P=1.2x10-7) and deltamethrin/DDT (P=0.013) were significantly different and this continued in the 2nd month. However, 3 months after spraying, mortality due to lambda-cyhalothrin/deltamethrin (P=1.46x10-6), lambda-cyhalothrin/DDT (P=0.048), and deltamethrin/DDT (P=0.004) were significantly different and this continued in the 4th month. Five months after spraying roofs, mortality due to lambda-cyhalothrin/ deltamethrin (P=0.000) and deltamethrin/DDT (P=6.6x10-7) were significantly different. Six months after spraying, lambdacyhalothrin/ deltamethrin (P=0.34), lambda-cyhalothrin/DDT (P=0.982), and deltamethrin/DDT (P=0.64) were not significantly different. When using exit window traps, no mosquitoes were collected from rooms sprayed with each of the insecticides over a 6-month period. However, 17, 6, 14, 7, 2 and 3 fed An. gambiae sl mosquitoes were collected in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th month respectively from unsprayed rooms and none of them died after 24 h.

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Singh, AK. "Bioefficacy of different insecticides against blister beetle Mylabris phalerata (Pallas) on pigeonpea." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 15, no. 1 (July 29, 2017): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v15i1.33151.

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The experiment was accomplished to evaluate the bioefficacy of different insecticides against Mylabris phalerata (Pallas) on pigeonpea. The experiment consisted of seven treatments viz., bifenthrin 62 g a.i. ha-1, lambda-cyhalothrin 24 g a.i. ha-1 (encapsulated with polymers; Matadore), chlorpyriphos 310 g a.i. ha-1+ cypermethrin 31 g a.i. ha-1, cypermethrin 62 g a.i. ha-1, neem oil 1500 ppm, permethrin 154 g a.i. ha-1, chloropyriphos 173 g a.i. ha-1 compared with untreated (control). The sixth day after each spray, minimum population abundance of M. phalerata and maximum percent efficacy in reducing their population was obtained from bifenthrin which was at par with lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos+ cypermethrin and permethrin and all these were significantly effective over chloropyriphos, neem oil and control plots. On the tenth day after each spray, minimum population abundance and highest per cent efficacy were obtained from bifenthrin which was at par with lambda-cyhalothrin and both these treatments were significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The maximum productivity was observed with bifenthrin, while highest net return per rupee investment was obtained from lambda-cyhalothrin treatment. The results explicitly show that out of all treatments, Lambda-cyhalothrin was effective and imposing lucrative against M. phalerata and thereby minimized the yield loss. Three sprays of lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin with an interchange at ten days interval will be effectual and lucrative against M. phalerata in short duration pigeonpea crop.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 55-65 (2017)

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DJAHRA, Ali Boutlelis, Mounia BENKADDOUR, Salah BENKHERARA, and Bordjiba OUAHIBA. "Antioxidant and hepatoprotective Potential of Coriandrum sativum L. against hepatic injury by Lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 3-s (June 22, 2020): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i3-s.4186.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of aerial part and seeds of Coriandrum sativum plant against Lambda cyhalothrin insecticide. Male Wistar Albinos rats were randomly divided into control, LCT, CsA, CsS, CsS+LCT, CsA+LCT groups, after 90 days of treatments Biochemical, some oxidative stress parameters, and histopathology of liver tissue were evaluated. Total polyphenol content in aerial part and the seed extract estimated at 9.29 and 14.64 mg EAG / mg of extract and IC50 for an antioxidant activity equal to 19.38 and 22.62 mg/ml respectively. The obtained results revealed that rats received Lambda cyhalothrin insecticide showed a significant change in enzymes activity (AST, ALT, ALP and c-GT) and Glutathione (GSH) in liver. Meanwhile content of hepatic Malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathology examination of liver revealed that Coriandrum sativum attenuate the incidence of liver lesions triggered by Lambda cyhalothrin intoxication. Therefore, the results of this study show that Coriandrum sativum can be proposed to protect the liver against Lambda cyhalothrin induced oxidative damage in rats, and the hepatoprotective effect might be correlated with its antioxidant and free radical scavenging effect. Keywords: hepatoprotective, antioxidant, Coriandrum sativum L., Lambda cyhalothrin, Oxidative stress.

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Song, Man, Long Zhang, Bin Sun, Hao Zhang, Hui Ding, Qiang Li, Suhui Guo, and Xing Huang. "Ferrovibrio xuzhouensis sp. nov., a cyhalothrin-degrading bacterium isolated from cyhalothrin contaminated wastewater." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 108, no. 2 (May 24, 2015): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-015-0490-7.

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Guillem-Amat, Ana, Elena López-Errasquín, Lucas Sánchez, Miguel González-Guzmán, and Félix Ortego. "Inheritance, Fitness Cost, and Management of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Resistance in a Laboratory-Selected Strain of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)." Insects 11, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090551.

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The management of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, in Spanish citrus crops relies mainly on the use of insecticides and the release of sterile males. However, the development of resistance to different insecticides in field populations, including lambda-cyhalothrin, implies a threat for the sustainable control of this pest. The inheritance, fitness cost, and management of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance were examined in the laboratory-selected W-1Kλ strain. We have demonstrated that lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in W-1Kλ is autosomic, completely dominant, and polygenic. In addition, individuals from W-1Kλ showed a lower embryo to pupal viability, a slower developmental time from egg to pupae, and an increase in adults’ weight and longevity. We did not find significant trade-offs in the activity of digestive hydrolytic enzymes, with the exception of higher α-amylase activity in W-1Kλ females. A comparative study with different insecticide treatment strategies showed that lambda-cyhalothrin resistance increased when several consecutive treatments with this insecticide were applied. However, the alternation of this insecticide with spinosad was enough to delay the development of resistance. Our results indicate that the rotation of lambda-cyhalothrin with spinosad—a practice already used in some fields—may contribute to prevent the development of resistance.

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McMillan, Benjamin E., Jake E. Bova, Carlyle C. Brewster, Nicola T. Gallagher, and Sally L. Paulson. "Effects of Plant Species, Insecticide, and Exposure Time On the Efficacy Of Barrier Treatments Against Aedes albopictus." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/18-6759.1.

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ABSTRACT The effect of 5 plant species (arborvitae [Thuja occidentalis], boxwood [Buxus sp., Japanese honeysuckle [Lonicera japonica], rhododendron [Rhododendron sp.], and zebra grass [Miscanthus sinensis]) and 2 rates of lambda-cyhalothrin (3.13 ml and 6.25 ml active ingredient [AI]/liter) on knockdown (1 h) and mortality (24 h) of adult female Aedes albopictus was evaluated over an 8-wk period. A significant difference in knockdown was observed between the 2 rates of lambda-cyhalothrin on the 5 plant species, with the highest proportion of knockdown observed on zebra grass and rhododendron treated at the higher rate. Although mortality was ≥60% and 85% on the 5 plant species at the low and high rates of lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively, a significant difference between the 2 rates was only observed on boxwood and Japanese honeysuckle (P < 0.0001). We also tested the residual toxicity of 3 barrier sprays (lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin) and evaluated the efficacy of a short (5-min) exposure to the insecticides on knockdown and mortality of adults over time. Significantly higher knockdown was observed with lambda-cyhalothrin compared with bifenthrin and deltamethrin (P < 0.0001). Mean knockdown was ∼98%, 92%, and 20% for lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin, respectively, at week 2, and ∼98%, 0%, and 44%, respectively, 8 wk after treatments were applied. Adult mortality from the 3 chemical treatments, however, remained above 90% throughout the study. Lastly, the trends in mean proportion of knockdown were similar for mosquitoes exposed for either 5 min or 24 h to the 3 chemicals. An overall decline in mean mortality over time, however, was observed for mosquitoes exposed for 5 min to the chemicals compared with mortality from the 24-h exposure. The results suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin can be an effective barrier spray treatment against Ae. albopictus adults because its efficacy is limited little by plant species, it has long residual toxicity, and it is effective following only 5 min of exposure.

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Stout, Michael J., William C. Rice, Rita M. Riggio, and Dennis R. Ring. "The Effects of Four Insecticides on the Population Dynamics of the Rice Water Weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel2." Journal of Entomological Science 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.1.48.

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The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, has been managed for the past 30 yrs using the soil insecticide carbofuran. The recent cancellation of the registration for carbofuran in rice has necessitated a shift to management strategies involving other insecticides, including lambda-cyhalothrin, fipronil, and diflubenzuron. Efficacies and effects on population dynamics of three alternatives to carbofuran (lambda-cyhalothrin and diflubenzuron as foliar sprays and fipronil as a seed treatment) were compared in two water-seeded and one drill-seeded field trials. Applications of lambda-cyhalothrin, but not of diflubenzuron or fipronil, resulted in decreases in the densities of rice water weevil adults and eggs. All three insecticides suppressed larval densities to levels comparable to, or lower than, densities in plots treated with carbofuran. All three alternatives to carbofuran differed from carbofuran with respect to their effects on the population dynamics of weevil larvae. Lambda-cyhalothrin, diflubenzuron, and fipronil were more effective than carbofuran at preventing early larval infestation of rice roots, but were less effective at preventing later infestation of roots. Yields from plots treated with fipronil, diflubenzuron, and lambda-cyhalothrin were generally higher than yields from plots treated with carbofuran, probably because prevention of early injury to roots has a more beneficial impact than prevention of later injury. This study also provided evidence for the utility of early planting and delayed flooding for management of the rice water weevil.

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Palmer-Brown, William, Paula Letícia de Melo Souza, and Cormac D. Murphy. "Cyhalothrin biodegradation in Cunninghamella elegans." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 2 (November 13, 2018): 1414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3689-0.

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Shepelskaya, N. R., Ya V. Kolianchyk, and M. G. Prodanchuk. "Study of the effect of four generic lambda-cyhalothrin pesticides on the reproductive function of male wistar han rats." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 82-83, no. 2-3 (September 27, 2018): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2018-82-83-2-3-24-33.

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Introduction. Objective is to identify hazard and asses reproductive toxicity risk of four generic lambda-cyhalothrin pesticides of different purity on male Wistar Han rats. Methods. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LC1 — 97 %, LC2 — 96 %, LC3 — 97,1 %, LC4 — 96,7 % purity) was administered intragastrically on a daily basis, exceptfor Saturday and Sunday, at doses of 0,0; 0,3 and 3,0 mg/kg body weight for three groups of animals, 20 males in each, for 11 weeks. Control animals received an equivalent amount of solvent. In parallel with control and experimental animals, there were intact females, intended for mating. At the end of inoculation, functional parameters of the state of gonads and the ability of animals to reproduce offspring were studied. The state of reproductive function in intact females was taken into account at day 20 of pregnancy. Results and discussion. The obtained data indicate that the exposure to four generic lambda-cyhalothrin substances at a dose of 3,0 mg/kg body weight for 11 weeks showed a general toxic effect (weight loss) in males under the effect of LC1. All four test substances have a reproductive toxicity at the maximum dose and have a pronounced antiandrogenic effect, which is manifested in changes in the morphological and functional parameters of the state of the gonads in the experimental groups of males. In addition, there was a negative effect on the fertility of males (LC2), which was concluded by the fertility index in intact females. Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all studied lambda-cyhalothrin samples have reproductive toxicity at a dose of 3,0 mg/kg body weight. No observed effect level (NOEL) for all studies substances is the dose of 0,3 mg/kg body weight. In the range of studied doses, there is a dose-effect dependence. Key words: pesticides, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gonadotoxicity, reproductive toxicity.

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Pankey, Joseph H., James L. Griffin, B. Rogers Leonard, Donnie K. Miller, Robert G. Downer, and Richard W. Costello. "Glyphosate–Insecticide Combination Effects on Weed and Insect Control in Cotton." Weed Technology 18, no. 3 (September 2004): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-153.

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Field studies were conducted to evaluate weed control with combinations of glyphosate at 750 g ae/ha and the insecticides acephate (370 g ai/ha), dicrotophos (370 g ai/ha), dimethoate (220 g ai/ha), fipronil (56 g ai/ha), imidacloprid (53 g ai/ha), lambda-cyhalothrin (37 g ai/ha), oxamyl (280 g ai/ha), or endosulfan (420 g ai/ha) and insect control with coapplication of the herbicide with insecticides acephate, dicrotophos, dimethoate, and imidacloprid. Applying lambda-cyhalothrin or fipronil with glyphosate reduced control of hemp sesbania by 19 and 9 percentage points, respectively, compared with glyphosate alone. Acephate, dicrotophos, dimethoate, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, oxamyl, and endosulfan did not affect hemp sesbania, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, and redweed control by glyphosate. Lambda-cyhalothrin and fipronil did not affect glyphosate control of weeds other than hemp sesbania. Addition of glyphosate to dicrotophos improved cotton aphid control 4 d after treatment compared with dicrotophos alone. Thrips control was improved with addition of glyphosate to imidacloprid. Insect control was not reduced by glyphosate regardless of insecticide.

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Sharma, Preeti, Geetanjly Geetanjly, and Vijay Laxmi Rai. "Toxicity of some insecticides against seven day old larvae of Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua Walker." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 960–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.714.

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The stomach toxicity of some insecticides viz., Cypermethrin, Lambda cyhalothrin and Chlorpyriphos were determined against 7d old larvae of Spilarctia obliqua by leaf dip method. Cypermethrin was found to be the most toxic insecticide during observation at 18, 24, 48 and 72 HAF. On the basis of LC50 values at different time intervals the order of toxicity was, Cypermethrin > Lambda cyhalothrin > Chlorpyriphos and the LC50 (%) values being 0.003, 0.054, 0.107 at 24 HAF, 0.002, 0.045 and 0.101 at 48 HAF, 0.016, 0.039 and 0.085 at 72 HAF respectively. A comparative dose mortality (50%) response expressed in terms of relative toxicity indicated that RT values for Cypermethrin, Lambda cyhalothrin, and Chlorpyriphos were 35.66, 1.98 and 1.00 at 24HAF, 50.5, 2.24 and 1.00 at 48 HAF, 5.31, 2.17 and 1.00 at 72 HAF. Chlorpyriphos in particular, showed very low RT value indicating far less stomach toxicity to S. obliqua as compared to Cypermethrin and Lambda-cyhalothrin. These findings can be helpful for the selection of suitable insecticides for effective pest management under field condition.

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Tillman, Glynn. "Laboratory Effects of Two Organically-Certified Insecticides on Trichopoda pennipes (Diptera: Tachinidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 43, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-43.4.408.

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The objective of this laboratory study was to determine the effects of two organically-certified insecticides, azadirachtin and spinosad, on the stink bug parasitoid Trichopoda pennipes (F.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) in residual, topical, and oral toxicity tests. The insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was used as a conventional crop production standard for control of lepidopterous pests. Azadirachtin was the only insecticide in which T. pennipes adults survived after exposure to dried residues, topical applications, and insecticide-treated food. Spinosad was as highly toxic to this parasitoid as lambda-cyhalothrin in all 3 tests even though spinosad was slower acting than lambda-cyhalothrin. These results suggest that azadirachtin would probably be safer to T. pennipes adults than spinosad in organically-grown crops.

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Cullen, Eileen M., and Frank G. Zalom. "On-Farm Trial Assessing Efficacy of Three Insecticide Classes for Management of Stink Bug and Fruit Damage on Processing Tomatoes." Plant Health Progress 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2007-0323-01-rs.

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Five foliar insecticides representing a neonicotinoid (thiamethoxam), a pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin), a neonicotinoid plus pyrethroid (thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin), and two organophosphates (dimethoate and methamidophos, respectively) were evaluated for relative efficacy in managing consperse stink bug (Euschistus conspersus Uhler) on California processing tomatoes. E. conspersus density and percentage fruit damage were measured at harvest in an on-farm experiment at two locations in 2002, and small plot experiments in 2002 and 2003. Results showed that thiamethoxam plus lambda-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and methamidophos can provide equivalent control of E. conspersus on processing tomatoes. Relative efficacy of the same treatments was inconsistent when applied before completion of small nymph development as estimated by the E. conspersus phenology model. Results can be utilized by growers with canning contracts that limit total organophosphate active ingredient per season, or in cases where stink bug treatment thresholds are reached within the processor preharvest interval for organophosphates. Insecticide efficacy evaluation is discussed within the context of continued research to provide IPM-compatible insecticide options to growers facing low processor tolerance for stink bug damaged fruit, and organophosphate insecticide restrictions in tomato canning contracts. Accepted for publication 22 November 2006. Published 23 March 2007.

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Shen, Yanjun, Xiaohong Wu, Bin Wu, Yang Tan, and Jinmao Liu. "Qualitative Analysis of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Chinese Cabbage Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Feature Extraction Algorithms." Agriculture 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030275.

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Excess pesticide residues on cabbage are harmful to humans. In this study, we propose an innovative strategy for a quick and nondestructive qualitative test of lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbage. Spectral profiles of Chinese cabbage leaf samples with different concentrations of surface residues of lambda-cyhalothrin were collected with an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR Spectrometer. Standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correlation (MSC), and principle component analysis (PCA) were utilized to preprocess the spectra. Then, fuzzy Foley-Sammon transformation (FFST), fuzzy linear discriminant analysis (FLDA), and fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant transformation (FUDT) were employed to extract features from the spectra data. Finally, k-nearest neighbor (kNN) was applied to classify samples according to the concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin residue. The highest identification accuracy rates of FFST, FLDA, and FUDT were 100%, 97.22%, and 100%, respectively. FUDT performed the best considering the combination of accuracy rate and required computing time. We believe that mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant analysis is an effective method to accurately and quickly conduct qualitative analyses of lambda-cyhalothrin residues on Chinese cabbages. This method may have applications in other crops and other pesticide residues.

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Giddings, Jeffrey M., Ian Barber, and William Warren-Hicks. "Comparative aquatic toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin and its resolved isomer gamma-cyhalothrin." Ecotoxicology 18, no. 2 (November 13, 2008): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0277-y.

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Fazolin, Murilo, Joelma Lima Vidal Estrela, André Fábio Monteiro Medeiros, Iriana Maria da Silva, Luiara Paiva Gomes, and Maria Samylla de Farias Silva. "Synergistic potential of dillapiole-rich essential oil with synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against fall armyworm." Ciência Rural 46, no. 3 (March 2016): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141500.

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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergy and response homogeneity of the Spodoptera frugiperda larvae population to the Piper aduncum essential oil in combination with pyrethroid insecticides (alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, and gamma-cyhalothrin) compared to piperonylbutoxide (PBO) as positive control. Synergism (SF) comparisons were obtained using lethal concentration (LC50) and lethal dose (LD50) ratios of insecticides individually and in their respective synergistic combinations with essential oil and PBO. Dose/concentration-mortality slope curves were used to establish relative toxicity increase promoted by synergism. They also determined homogeneity response. Residual contact revealed significant potentiation for commercial insecticides formulated with beta-cypermethrin (SF=9.05-0.5) and fenpropathrin (SF=34.05-49.77) when combined with the P. aduncum essential oil. For topical contact, significant potentiation occurred only for alpha-cypermethrin (SF=7.55-3.68), fenpropathrin (SF=3.37-1.21), and gamma-cyhalothrin (SF=5.79-10.48) insecticides when combined with essential oil. With the exception of fenpropathrin and gamma-cyhalothrin, insecticides synergistic combinations presented homogeneous response by topical as well as residual contact at least with essential oil. The SF significance values of the P. aduncum essential oil combined with alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, and gamma-cyhalothrin insecticides indicated potential for this oil to be used as an alternative to PBO.

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Arévalo-Cortés, Andrea, Ana M. Mejia-Jaramillo, Yurany Granada, Heather Coatsworth, Carl Lowenberger, and Omar Triana-Chavez. "The Midgut Microbiota of Colombian Aedes aegypti Populations with Different Levels of Resistance to the Insecticide Lambda-cyhalothrin." Insects 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090584.

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Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations is a problem that hinders vector control and dengue prevention programs. In this study, we determined the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti populations from six Colombian regions to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin and evaluated the presence of the V1016I mutation in the sodium channel gene, which has been broadly involved in the resistance to this insecticide. The diversity of the gut microbiota of these mosquito populations was also analyzed. Only mosquitoes from Bello were susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin and presented a lower allelic frequency of the V1016I mutation. Remarkably, there was not an important change in allelic frequencies among populations with different resistance ratios, indicating that other factors or mechanisms contributed to the resistant phenotype. Treatment of mosquitoes with antibiotics led us to hypothesize that the intestinal microbiota could contribute to the resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin. Beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in the species of bacteria present between susceptible and resistant populations. We identified 14 OTUs of bacteria that were unique in resistant mosquitoes. We propose that kdr mutations are important in the development of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin at low insecticide concentrations but insect symbionts could play an essential role in the metabolization of pyrethroid insecticides at higher concentrations, contributing to the resistant phenotype in Ae. aegypti.

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Shaw, Bethan, Sebastian Hemer, Madeleine F. L. Cannon, Francesco Rogai, and Michelle T. Fountain. "Insecticide Control of Drosophila suzukii in Commercial Sweet Cherry Crops under Cladding." Insects 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10070196.

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Drosophila suzukii Matsumura is a damaging invasive pest of sweet cherry. Using a series of laboratory leaf contact assays, semi-field, and orchard spray programs we aimed to determine the impact of insecticide programs on D. suzukii adult mortality and oviposition in cladding-protected sweet cherry crops. Tests included assessing adult D. suzukii mortality after contact with leaves sprayed either one or two weeks previously and emergence of adults from fruits. Spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin, acetamiprid, lime, pyrethrin, deltamethrin, and cyantraniliprole all reduced fruit damage up to day 7 after application. Of these active ingredients, only spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin, and cyantraniliprole gave satisfactory control up to 14 days. There was no significant difference in D. suzukii mortality when exposed to leaves treated either one or two weeks previously with an application of either spinosad, cyantraniliprole, or lambda-cyhalothrin; however, mortality was significantly higher than D. suzukii in contact with untreated leaves. In eight commercial orchards, fortnightly spray applications including spinosad, cyantraniliprole, and lambda-cyhalothrin gave effective control of D. suzukii until harvest with very few damaged fruits. These experiments demonstrate that currently approved plant protection products, applied to sweet cherry under protection, give at least two weeks protection from D. suzukii.

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Jiang, Yongxing, Cason E. Bartz, and Justin K. Baker. "Efficacy of Residual Pesticide–Treated Plant Saucers Against Aedes albopictus Larvae Under Semi–Field and Field Conditions." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/20-6932.1.

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ABSTRACT Plant saucers are ubiquitous, outdoor water-holding receptacles and are one of the most productive domestic mosquito habitats in the urban environment. Two kinds of commonly used plant saucers, clay and plastic, were manually treated with 3 residual insecticides, bifenthrin (Talstar® Professional), lambda-cyhalothrin (Lambda 9.7 CS), and tau-fluvalinate (Mavrik® Perimeter), at their maximum rates to assess their residual efficacy against Aedes albopictus larvae under semi–field and field conditions. Both clay and plastic saucers treated with bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin provided weeks of control of 3rd instars of Ae. albopictus, whereas tau-fluvalinate provided only 1 day of control. Results from this study show that bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin can provide good control of Ae. albopictus larvae for a considerable period of time and have great potential with regard to container mosquito management in the future.

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Wenjie, Wang, Lu Houqing, Liu Xuchun, and Sun Gengyun. "Acute pancreatitis during lambda cyhalothrin poisoning." Toxin Reviews 33, no. 3 (June 9, 2014): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569543.2014.922582.

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Anadón, A., M. Martínez, M. A. Martínez, M. J. Díaz, and M. R. Martínez-Larrañaga. "Toxicokinetics of lambda-cyhalothrin in rats." Toxicology Letters 165, no. 1 (August 2006): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.01.014.

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BRAVERMAN, Y., A. WILAMOWSKY, and A. CHIZOV-GINZBURG. "Susceptibility of Culicoides imicola to cyhalothrin." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 9, no. 4 (October 1995): 443–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00023.x.

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Seenivasan, Subbiah, and Narayanan Nair Muraleedharan. "Residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in tea." Food and Chemical Toxicology 47, no. 2 (February 2009): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.010.

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Pogoda, M. K., D. J. Pree, and D. B. Marshall. "Effects of encapsulation on the toxicity of insecticides to the Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the predator Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Canadian Entomologist 133, no. 6 (December 2001): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent133819-6.

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AbstractWe assessed the effects of microencapsulation on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin to larvae of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in the laboratory and the field. We also compared the toxicity of microencapsulated and traditional formulations to pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant populations of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten in the laboratory. In laboratory bioassays with neonate larvae of G. molesta, the microencapsulated formulations of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were less toxic than the wettable-powder and emulsifiable-concentrate formulations. The emulsifiable-concentrate and microencapsulated formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin were equally toxic. In the field, all trees in insecticide-treated plots contained less damage by first generation G. molesta larvae than unsprayed controls. In the second generation, the microencapsulated formulations of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were generally less effective than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation of cypermethrin. The microencapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was as effective as the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation. The microencapsulated formulation of cypermethrin was less toxic than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to both pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant populations of T. pyri. Both populations were highly resistant to chlorpyrifos and unaffected by either formulation. The microencapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin affected the two populations of T. pyri differently; the microencapsulated formulation was approximately fivefold more toxic than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to the pyrethroid-susceptible population, but sixfold less toxic than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to the pyrethroid-resistant population. Much of the selectivity reported for the microencapsulated formulations of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos appeared related to a general reduction in toxicity to both target insects and beneficial mites. The microencapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin was as toxic as the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to the target insect but was less toxic than the emulsifiable concentrate to pyrethroid-resistant predator mites. This limited increased selectivity may be useful where resistant populations of predators occur.

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Costa, P. M. G., J. B. Torres, V. M. Rondelli, and R. Lira. "Field-evolved resistance to λ-cyhalothrin in the lady beetleEriopis connexa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, no. 3 (September 18, 2017): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485317000888.

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AbstractNatural enemies are exposed to insecticide sprays for herbivorous species and may evolve field resistance to insecticides. Natural enemies selected for resistance in the field, however, are welcome for pest control. The susceptibility of 20 populations ofEriopis connexafrom various crop ecosystems to λ-cyhalothrin was tested. Three bioassays were conducted: (i) topical treatment with lethal dose (LD)50previously determined for populations considered standard for susceptibility (LD50S) and for resistance (LD50R) to λ-cyhalothrin at technical grade; (ii) dose–mortality assay to calculate the LD for populations exhibiting significant survival to the LD50R; and (iii) determination of survival when exposed to dried residues at field rates. Among the 20 tested populations, seven populations did not survive or survival rates were lower than 10% when treated with LD50R; three populations survived >20%, but lower than 50%; while ten populations exhibited equal or greater survival rates compared with the 50% expected survival for the LD50R. Thus, these ten populations were subjected to dose–mortality response, and the LD50values varied from 0.046 to 5.44 µg a.i./insect with resistance ratio of 8.52- to 884.08-folds. Adults from these ten populations that were ranked as resistant according to the LD50Rexhibited survival from 44.5 to 100% exposed to the lowest and from 38.8 to 100% exposed to the highest field rates of λ-cyhalothrin, respectively. Otherwise, the remaining ten populations ranked as susceptible according to the LD50Rshowed survival from 3.3 to 56% exposed to the lowest and from 0 to 17.7% exposed to the highest field rates of λ-cyhalothrin, respectively. Therefore, 50% of the testedE. connexapopulations exhibited field-evolved resistance to λ-cyhalothrin and the use of a discriminatory LD50for resistance matched the survival obtained when exposed to the insecticide field rates.

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Kang, Lu, Hejiang Liu, Duoyong Zhao, Canping Pan, and Cheng Wang. "Pesticide Residue Behavior and Risk Assessment in Celery after Se Nanoparticles Application." Foods 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10091987.

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This study investigates pesticide levels in celery, and compares their degradation, dissipation, distribution, and dietary risk after spraying with selenium (Se) nanoparticles. Abamectin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and lambda-cyhalothrin were sprayed at 1.6, 6.8, 2.0, 1.0, and 0.7 g a.i. ha−1 followed by a 2 g·ha−1 Se nanoparticle application during the growing period. Thiamethoxam, abamectin, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and acetamiprid in celery degraded following a first order kinetic model after 2 g·ha−1 Se nanoparticles application. With the exception of acetamiprid, the half-lives of thiamethoxam, abamectin, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin were reduced from 2.4, 0.5, 1.2, 4.2 days without Se nanoparticles application to 1.4, 0.2, 0.9, 3.7 days with the addition of Se nanoparticles (2 g·ha−1), respectively. The chronic dietary exposure risk probability (RQc) and the acute dietary exposure risk probability (RQa) of celery after Se nanoparticles application were within acceptable limits for consumption except for abamectin.

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Wang, Wei, D. J. Cai, Z. J. Shan, W. L. Chen, Nick Poletika, and X. W. Gao. "Comparison of the acute toxicity for gamma-cyhalothrin and lambda-cyhalothrin to zebra fish and shrimp." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 47, no. 2 (March 2007): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.09.002.

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Slattery, Matthew, Bryan Harper, and Stacey Harper. "Pesticide Encapsulation at the Nanoscale Drives Changes to the Hydrophobic Partitioning and Toxicity of an Active Ingredient." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010081.

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Given the costs associated with designing novel active ingredients, new formulations focus on the use of other ingredients to modify existing formulations. Nanosized encapsulated pesticides offer a variety of enhanced features including controlled release and improved efficacy. Despite the presence of nanosized capsules in current-use pesticide formulations, the analytical and toxicological implications of encapsulation are uncertain. To explore this issue quantitatively, we fractionated the capsules of a commercially available encapsulated insecticide formulation (γ-cyhalothrin active ingredient) into two size ranges: a large fraction (LF), with an average hydrodynamic diameter (HDD) of 758 nm, and a small fraction (SF), with an average HDD of 449 nm. We developed a novel extraction method demonstrating a time-dependent inhibition of γ-cyhalothrin from capsules for up to 48 h. An acute immobilization test with a freshwater macroinvertebrate (Ceriodaphnia dubia) revealed that the SF was significantly more toxic than both the LF and the free γ-cyhalothrin treatment (EC50 = 0.18 µg/L, 0.57 µg/L, and 0.65 µg/L, respectively). These findings highlight that encapsulation of γ-cyhalothrin mitigates hydrophobic partitioning in a time-dependent manner and influences toxicity in a size-dependent manner. Recognizing the analytical and toxicological nuances of various nanosized capsules can contribute to innovation in pesticide formulations and may lead to more comprehensive pesticide regulation.

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Liu, Tong-Xian, Alton N. Sparks, and Bisong Yue. "Toxicity and Efficacy of Triazamate Against Turnip Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Cabbage." Journal of Entomological Science 36, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-36.3.244.

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Toxicity of triazamate (Aphistar®, Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, PA) to a laboratory and a field population of the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), was studied on cabbage in the laboratory, and the efficacy of triazamate against the aphid was tested in the field in comparison to lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior®, Zeneca, Wilmington, DE) and imidacloprid (Provado®, Bayer, Kansas City, MO) in 1999 and 2000. Results from the laboratory bioassays indicated that field populations of L. erysimi apterous adults and nymphs were significantly less susceptible to triazamate than the laboratory population. The LC50 values for adults, early and late instars of the field population were 6.7-, 2.7-, and 1.4-fold greater than the corresponding stages of the laboratory population, respectively. Similarly, the LC90 values for adults, early and late instars of the field population were 6.4-, 2.6-, and 1.7-fold greater than the corresponding stages of the laboratory population, respectively. Results from field trials in 1999 and 2000 showed that triazamate and lambda-cyhalothrin reduced the aphid population faster than imidacloprid after the first application. Triazamate was as effective as lambda-cyhalothrin with low aphid population levels on the plants throughout the season except the last 2 wks in the 1999 trial. In the 2000 trial, an extremely high aphid population was found on untreated plants, whereas two applications of triazamate, as well as lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid, kept aphid population levels suppressed for the entire season.

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Tian, Jiewei, Xiufeng Long, Shuai Zhang, Qiumian Qin, Longzhan Gan, and Yongqiang Tian. "Screening cyhalothrin degradation strains from locust epiphytic bacteria and studying Paracoccus acridae SCU-M53 cyhalothrin degradation process." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 12 (February 9, 2018): 11505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1410-y.

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E., Baehaki S., E. H. Iswanto, and D. Munawar. "Resistensi Wereng Cokelat terhadap Insektisida yang Beredar di Sentra Produksi Padi." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 35, no. 2 (August 30, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v35n2.2016.p99-108.

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Research on brown planthopper (BPH), (Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) resistant to insecticide using dipping method was carried out in the wet season (WS) of 2011/2012 at Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Sukamandi. BPH field population from Sukamandi, West Java, known as Sukamandi BPH population and Juwiring, Central Java, as Juwiring BPH population, were measured their degree of resistance to insecticides to be compared with the BPH biotype 1 of screen house population. The insecticides used were imidacloprid, ethiprole, thiamethoxam, fipronil, BPMC, MIPC, buprofezin, cypermethrin and cyhalothrin. The resistance ratios (RR) were measured by LC50 of BPH from fields/LC50 of BPH from screen house. Results showed that Sukamandi BPH population was moderately resistance to imidacloprid and cypermethrin, but was low resistance to buprofezin, and was decreasing into susceptibility to fipronil, thiamethoxam and cyhalothrin, where as to ethiprole, BPMC dan MIPC the Sukamandi BPH was still susceptible. The Juwiring BPH population was low resistance to imidacloprid, buprofezin, cypermethrin and cyhalothrin, but the Juwiring BPH was decreasing into susceptibility to BPMC, ethiprole and fipronil. The population was still susceptible to thiamethoxam and MIPC.

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Williams, Trevor, Juan L. Farfán, Gabriel Mercado, Javier Valle, Antonio Abella, and Carlos F. Marina. "Efficacy of Spinosad Granules and Lambda-Cyhalothrin Contrasts with Reduced Performance of Temephos for Control of Aedes spp. in Vehicle Tires in Veracruz, Mexico." Insects 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10080242.

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The present study examined the efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin, pyriproxyfen and granular formulations of spinosad and temephos for the control of mosquito larvae present in experimental tires in Veracruz State, Mexico in the period 2015–2016. Both λ-cyhalothrin and spinosad granules provided control of larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Culex spp. in used tires in Veracruz State, Mexico, over a 9–12 week period, although numbers of Culex were low. The numbers of Aedes larvae + pupae in pyriproxyfen and temephos-treated tires were slightly less than half of the untreated control tires, probably a result the pupicidal characteristics of pyriproxyfen and possible resistance in the case of temephos. Spinosad was less harmful to predatory Toxorhynchites spp. than λ-cyhalothrin or temephos. The reduced susceptibility to temephos in Aedes populations was confirmed at five other sites in Veracruz. Public health authorities should consider incorporating spinosad as a larvicide in coastal areas at a high risk of dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreaks in this region.

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Studebaker, Glenn E., and Timothy J. Kring. "Effects of Various Insecticide Residues in Cotton on Gender and Developmental Stage of the Insidious Flower Bug (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.3.409.

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Orius insidiosus (Say) is an important predator of several economic pests in cotton. Laboratory-reared males, females and third-instar nymphs were exposed to field residues of nine insecticides applied to cotton plants. Insects were caged for 24 h and then removed to determine mortality from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7-day-old insecticide residues. Insecticides and rates (kg ai/ha) tested were spinosad (0.09, 0.199), indoxacarb (0.78, 0.123), imidacloprid (0.027, 0.053), tebufenozide (0.14, 0.28), methoxyfenozide (0.28, 0.84), abamectin (0.01, 0.02), emamectin benzoate (0.005, 0.01), fipronil (0.042, 0.056), and λ-cyhalothrin (0.014, 0.028). Fipronil and λ-cyhalothrin were the most toxic, causing a significant reduction in survival (up to 3-day-old residues). Abamectin and emamectin benzoate caused significant mortality in predators exposed shortly after application, but survival tended to increase as residues aged. Imidacloprid and indoxacarb were intermediate, causing approximately 50% mortality in this insect. Survival was good in all treatments with 7-day-old residues with the exception of λ-cyhalothrin. Males tended to by more sensitive with lower survival than females.

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Lin, Lu, Shanshan Song, Xiaoling Wu, Liqiang Liu, Hua Kuang, and Chuanlai Xu. "Ultrasensitive immunochromatographic strip for the detection of cyhalothrin in foods." Analytical Methods 13, no. 27 (2021): 3040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ay00609f.

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Amarasekare, Kaushalya G., Preston H. Brown, and Peter W. Shearer. "Field-Aged Insecticide Residues on Chrysoperla johnsoni (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 5 (June 5, 2019): 2109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz149.

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Abstract We studied the direct (lethal) and indirect (sublethal) effects of field-aged insecticide residues of spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin on adults and larvae of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla johnsoni Henry, Wells and Pupedis an important generalist predator in western United States pear orchards. We applied formulated pesticides using their high label rates mixed with 935 liters/ha of water on pear trees utilizing an airblast sprayer. We collected leaves from the experiment trees at 1, 7, 14, 21 days after treatment (DAT) and exposed C. johnsoni adults and second instars to insecticide residues or untreated control for 72 h. We monitored larvae that survived the treatments until adult emergence (for larvae) or adults until death (for paired adults). We assessed the adults for acute and chronic mortality, longevity, fecundity, and fertility, and larvae for acute mortality, sex ratio, developmental time, and survival of adults emerged from treated second instars, to determine lethal and sublethal effects. The field-exposed insecticide residues of chlorantraniliprole exhibited higher lethal and sublethal toxicities on C. johnsoni during the 21-d leaf collection period when compared with the field-exposed residue toxicities of lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram. The field-exposed residue of lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram exhibited moderate toxicities on C. johnsoni during the 21-d leaf collection period. Results from this study show similar trends with previous studies using multiple routes of exposure laboratory assays and field experiments on Chrysoperla sp. The direct and indirect effects of field-aged residues of spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, and lambda-cyhalothrin on C. johnsoni are discussed.

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Somavilla, Junior C., Alexandre C. Reis, Patricia da S. Gubiani, Daniela N. Godoy, Glauber R. Stürmer, and Oderlei Bernardi. "Susceptibility of Euschistus heros and Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Selected Insecticides in Brazil." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz340.

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Abstract Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798) and Dichelops furcatus (Fabricius, 1775) are key pests of agricultural crops in Brazil. Chemical insecticides are the main control tactic used against these species. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of E. heros and D. furcatus from distinct regions to the mains insecticides used to stink bugs control in Brazil. Field populations of these species were collected throughout the 2017–2019 crop seasons and insects were exposed to insecticides in dip-test bioassays using fresh green bean pods. Populations of E. heros exhibited low variation in the susceptibility to acephate (LC50 = 172.2 to 1,008 µg a.i. per ml), and thiamethoxam (LC50 = 28.8 to 433.9 µg a.i. per ml); resistance ratios were less than 5.9- and 15.1-fold, respectively. In contrast, these populations had higher variation in the susceptibility to bifenthrin (LC50 = 26.7 to 636.1 µg a.i. per ml) and lambda-cyhalothrin (LC50 = 10.0 to 636.1 µg a.i. per ml); resistance ratios reaching 23.8- and 63.6-fold, respectively. Susceptibility monitoring data indicated a higher susceptibility of E. heros to the manufacturers field-recommended rates of acephate, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, and bifenthrin + acetamiprid than lambda-cyhalothrin. Populations of D. furcatus exhibited low variation in the susceptibility to acephate (LC50 = 219.2 to 614.1 µg a.i. per ml), bifenthrin (LC50 = 62.8 to 197.4 µg a.i. per ml), and lambda-cyhalothrin (LC50 = 189.5 to 2,538 µg a.i. per ml); resistance ratios were less than 13.4-fold. In summary, populations of E. heros are less susceptible to pyrethroids, while populations of D. furcatus have similar susceptibility to the insecticides evaluated.

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Smith, S., and R. E. Lizotte. "Influence of Selected Water Quality Characteristics on the Toxicity of λ-Cyhalothrin and γ-Cyhalothrin to Hyalella azteca." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 79, no. 5 (August 4, 2007): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9253-0.

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Qin, He, Hong Zhang, Lingxiao Li, Xiaoteng Zhou, Junpei Li, and Chengyou Kan. "Preparation and properties of lambda-cyhalothrin/polyurethane drug-loaded nanoemulsions." RSC Advances 7, no. 83 (2017): 52684–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra10640h.

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Aney, Shirin Akhter, Saadia Ahmad, Tahmina Akter, and Md Golam Mostafa. "Susceptibility of third instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Culicidae: Insecta) against some commercial organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v7i2.40744.

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Eight commercial insecticides-chlorpyrifos, bifenithrin, fenitrothion, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, dimethoate and malathion under the brand name of Dursban 20 EC, Bifenithrin 20 EC, Sumithion 50 EC, Relothrin 10 EC, Marker 2.5 EC, Reeva 2.5 EC, Tafgar 40 EC and Hilthion 57 EC, respectively were tested in laboratory at room temperature to evaluate the effective level against 3rd instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Savar area of Dhaka. The LC50 values for chlorpyrifos, bifenithrin, fenitrothion, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, dimethoate and malathion were 0.127, 297.474, 0.308, 0.327, 0.198, 0.189, 0.054 and 0.031 ppm respectively and their corresponding LC90 values were found to be 0.984, 2582, 0.041, 3.298, 0.728, 1.705, 0.192 and 0.030 ppm respectively. The relative potency of these insecticides tested to the larvae was found in respect to their LC50 values in the order of Hilthion 57 EC (malathion)> Tafgar 40 EC (dimethoate)> Dursban 20 EC (chlorpyrifos)> Reeva 2.5 EC (cyhalothrin)> Marker 2.5 EC (deltamethrin)> Sumithion 50 EC (fenitrothion)> Relothrin 10 EC (cypermethrin)> Bifenithrin 20 EC. However, the relative potency of these insecticides tested to the larvae was found in respect to their LC90 values in the order of Hilthion 57 EC (malathion)> Sumithion 50 EC (fenitrothion)> Marker 2.5 EC (deltamethrin)> Dursban 20 EC (chlorpyrifos)> Tafgar 40 EC (dimethoate)> Reeva 2.5 EC (cyhalothrin)> Relothrin 10 EC (cypermethrin)> Bifenithrin 20 EC. Taken together, the insecticide-malathion (Hilthion 57 EC) was found to be the most effective against the third instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Savar area. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(2): 21-32, 2018 (December)

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Santamaria, Erika, and Catalina Marceló-Díaz. "Toxic Activity of Pyrethroids in Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Magdalena River Basin, Colombia." Acta Biológica Colombiana 24, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v24n2.74570.

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The study aimed to determine the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin, alpha-cypermethrin, and deltamethrin in L. longipalpis, through concentration-mortality bioassays. The test here was performed following WHO guidelines, but instead of using exposure WHO recipients and impregnated papers, 250 ml Wheaton glass bottles treated with 1 ml of insecticide solution were used. Batches of ten females of L. longipalpis were exposed to five concentrations of each pyrethroid that caused between 5 and 100 % mortality in this species. After 1 h of exposure, the females were transferred to observation recipients, and mortality was recorded 24 h later. The lethal concentrations (μg/ml) that killed 50 and 95 % (LC50 and LC95) of the exposed L. longipalpis females were 0.05 and 0.86 for lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.24 and 3.62 for alpha-cypermethrin and 0.53 and 4.72 for deltamethrin. Based on the LC50 obtained, lambda-cyhalothrin is the most toxic pyrethroid for L. longipalpis, followed by alpha-cypermethrin and deltamethrin. It is expected that these data may be useful in studies on the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of the three pyrethroids on the behavior of L. longipalpis and studies on the vector susceptibility to these pyrethroids.

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Piechowicz, Bartosz, Kinga Stawarczyk, and Michał Stawarczyk. "Insecticide and Food Consumption of Spanish Slug (Arion Lusitanicus Mabille 1868) / Insektycydy A Konsumpcja Pokarmu Przez Ślinika Luzytańskiego (Arion Lusitanicus Mabille 1868)." Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology 17, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2012): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cdem-2013-0010.

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Abstract In the years 2007 and 2011, research was carried out on the impact of: pyrethroid group agents (beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin) benzoylphenyl ureas (teflubenzuron), derivatives of pyridine (pyriproxyfen), organophosphorus (diazinon) and neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid) on the food consumption by Spanish slug (Arion lusitanicus Mab). The quantity of food consumed by animals treated by plant protection agents, the quantity of food treated by insecticides consumed and food preferences of A. lusitanicus individuals were analysed. The slugs were made available a selection between food with an addition of insecticide and without it. The results obtained indicate that the preparations which contained lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin with which the animals were treated increase the quantity of food consumed by the Spanish slug. It was also shown that the food treated with lambdacyhalothrin and alpha cypermethrin is consumed in a larger amount than the food not treated by this preparation. Deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin and pyriproxyfen probably constitute food attractants for A. lusitanicus individuals and also alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, beta-cyfluthrin and esfenvalerate are additive, which reduces the attractiveness of food for slug.

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Mkandawire, Elina. "Evaluation of Traditional and Modernized Pest Control Methods Used by Smallholder Farmers in Malawi." Current Agriculture Research Journal 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 06–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.5.1.02.

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In order to compare the environmental performance of the existing pest control methods used by Malawian smallholder farmers a study was conducted to assess the environmental performance of two pest control methods used in cultivation of tomatoes (traditional pest control method vs. modernized pest control method). The study was conducted in two gardens, a farm using traditional pest control methods (Tikondwe Freedom Gardens) and another farm using modernized pest control techniques (Mgwirizano Farm Produce Club). The soil and tomato samples were analyzed, by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. The results revealed the presence of pesticide residues at various concentration levels both in the soil and tomato samples. The concentrations of pesticide residues regarding the Mgwirizano Farm Produce Club Gardens were; for tomatoes, Dimethoate (1.2 - 3 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin, (0.2-3 ppm) Cypermethrin (< 0.03 ppm) Mancozeb (2-4 ppm) Chlorothalonil (0.02- 3ppm) while for soil samples, Dimethoate (<0.01 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin (<0.01ppm), Cypermethrin (<0.01ppm), Mancozeb (0.3- 1ppm) and Chlorothalonil (0.02- 2ppm). For comparison purposes tomato and soil samples collected from the field that uses traditional pest control methods (Tikondwe freedom farm) were also analyzed for pesticides residues and had the following outcome, the tomatoes had Dimethoate (< 0.01 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin, (0.01 ppm) Cypermethrin (< 0.01 ppm) Mancozeb (<0.01ppm) Chlorothalonil (<0.01 ppm) while the soil samples had concentrations of Dimethoate (0.03 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin (<0.01ppm), Cypermethrin (0.02ppm), Mancozeb (0.01ppm) and Chlorothalonil (0.01ppm). Furthermore, the study collected more information on health effects of pest management methodologies through Interviews with farmers, farm workers and health practitioners in rural areas where horticultural crops such as tomatoes are mostly cultivated using farm inputs, particularly pesticides.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cyhalothrin'

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