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Journal articles on the topic 'Cynaropicrin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

da Silva, Cristiane França, Denise da Gama Jaen Batista, Julianna Siciliano De Araújo, et al. "Activities of Psilostachyin A and Cynaropicrin against Trypanosoma cruziIn VitroandIn Vivo." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 11 (2013): 5307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00595-13.

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ABSTRACTIn vitroandin vivoactivities againstTrypanosoma cruziwere evaluated for two sesquiterpene lactones: psilostachyin A and cynaropicrin. Cynaropicrin had previously been shown to potently inhibit African trypanosomesin vivo, and psilostachyin A had been reported to showin vivoeffects againstT. cruzi, albeit in another test design.In vitrodata showed that cynaropicrin was more effective than psilostachyin A. Ultrastructural alterations induced by cynaropicrin included shedding events, detachment of large portions of the plasma membrane, and vesicular bodies and large vacuoles containing me

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2

Lepore, Saverio M., Valentina Maggisano, Giovanni E. Lombardo, et al. "Antiproliferative Effects of Cynaropicrin on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 19, no. 1 (2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530318666180928153241.

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Background: The sesquiterpene lactone cynaropicrin, a major constituent of the artichoke leaves extracts, has shown several biologic activities in many preclinical experimental models, including anti-proliferative effects. Objective: Herein we evaluated the effects of cynaropicrin on the growth of three human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines, investigating the molecular mechanism underlying its action. Method: MTT assay was used to evaluate the viability of CAL-62, 8505C and SW1736 cells, and flow cytometry to analyse cell cycle distribution. Western blot was performed to detect the lev

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3

Nakamura, Tenma, Dinda B. Pitna, Kogaku Kimura, et al. "Total synthesis of cynaropicrin." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 19, no. 27 (2021): 6038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ob00657f.

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The first total synthesis of the sesquiterpene lactone cynaropicrin, isolated from artichoke, was achieved starting from (S)-α-pinene. The synthesis involved a stereoselective Favorskii rearrangement and a diastereoselective Barbier reaction.

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4

Nowak, Gerard, Miroslav Holub, and Miloš Buděšínský. "Sesquiterpene lactones. XXXIV. Guaianolides in the genus Leuzea DC." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 57, no. 1 (2014): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1988.015.

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Guaianolides were found in three species of the genus <em>Leuzea</em> DC. Chlorojanerin, cynaropicrin and janerin were isolated from <em>L. rhapontica</em> subg. <em>helenifolia</em> (Gren, Gordon) Holub and <em>L. rhaponticoides</em> Graells. From <em>L. carthamoides</em> (Willd.) DC., chlorojanerin, cynaropicrin, janerin, cebellin E and repdiolide were obtained.

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5

Adekenova, A. S. "Reference Standards Based on the Grosheimin and Cynaropicrin." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 18, no. 1 (2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj399.

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The aim of this work is the development of effective method for producing the reference standards of Grosheimin and Cynaropicrin for quality control of domestic herbal medicines, as well as project development concerning normative documents on reference standards of Grosheimin and Cynaropicrin, an introduction of reference standards to the Pharmacopoeia of Kazakhstan. This article discusses the method of allocation and purification of reference standards of Grosheimin and Cynaropicrin which are sesquiterpene lactones of guaiane type were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of <em>Cha

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6

Sato, Takuya, Shihori Hara, Makiko Sato, Keita Ogawa, Michael Adams, and Toyonobu Usuki. "Synthesis of cynaropicrin- d 4." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 25, no. 23 (2015): 5504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.065.

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7

Nowak, Gerard, Bohdan Drożdż, Miroslav Holub, and Agnieszka Łagodzińska. "Sesquiterpene lactones. XXXIII. Guaianolides in the subgenus Psephellus (Cass.) Schmalh., genus Centaurea L." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 55, no. 4 (2014): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1986.052.

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Sesquiterpene lactones were found to occur in all of the studied species of the subgenus <em>Psephellus</em> (Cass.) Schmalh. Differing compositions were found in the representatives of three sections. In <em>Centaurea declinata</em> MB. from the section <em>Leucophylle</em> (Sosn.) Sosn.. 15-deoxyrepin, linichlorin B and cynaropicrin were found. Linichlorin B dominated in <em>Centaurea hypoleucu</em> DC. from section <em>Hypoleucae</em> (Sosn.) Sosn., while in the species classified in section <em>Psephellus</em> Sosn., r

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8

Abbas, Ghada M., Amal Sallam, Fatma M. Abdel Bar, Mohamed Farid I. Lahloub, and Ahmed A. Gohar. "New Cynaropicrin Derivative from Cynara Scolymus L." Records of Natural Products 15, no. 2 (2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25135/rnp.198.20.07.1747.

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A new sesquiterpene lactone 1a along with other four known compounds 1b, 2, 3 and 4 were isolated from fresh leaves of Cynara scolymus L. using ordinary chromatographic techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined via spectroscopic analysis.

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9

Nowak, Gerard, Bohdan Drożdż, and Miroslav Holub. "Sesquiterpene lactones. XXXII. Guaianolides in species from the genus Chartolepis Cass." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 55, no. 2 (2014): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1986.023.

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Differences in the composition of the "lactone fraction" of 4 species from the genus <em>Chartolepis</em> Cass. were observed. Cynaropierin was isolated from the above-ground parts of <em>Chartolepis intermedia</em> Boiss. and the occurrence there of grossheimin was confirmed. The following compounds were isolated from the above-ground parts of <em>Chartolepis glastifolia</em> (L.) Cass.: centaurepensin, repin, cebellin C, acroptillin, cebellin D, cynaropicrin, cebellin F and janerin. Centaurepensin, repin, cebellin C, acroptillin, cynaropicrin, janerin and

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10

Baybulova, A., V. Bychkov, S. Kulikova , S. Lazarev, R. Uruzbaev , and V. Korsun. "Studying of sausalin and cynaropicrin in experimental opisthorchosis." Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2016.3.70.

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11

Elsebai, Mahmoud Fahmi, George Koutsoudakis, Verónica Saludes, et al. "Pan-genotypic Hepatitis C Virus Inhibition by Natural Products Derived from the Wild Egyptian Artichoke." Journal of Virology 90, no. 4 (2015): 1918–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02030-15.

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ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic liver diseases. Water extracts of the leaves of the wild Egyptian artichoke (WEA) [Cynara cardunculusL. var.sylvestris(Lam.) Fiori] have been used for centuries in the Sinai Peninsula to treat hepatitis symptoms. Here we isolated and characterized six compounds from the water extracts of WEA and evaluated their HCV inhibition capacitiesin vitro. Importantly, two of these compounds, grosheimol and cynaropicrin, inhibited HCV with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) in the low micromolar range. They inhibited HCV

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12

Zimmermann, Stefanie, Mouhssin Oufir, Alejandro Leroux, et al. "Cynaropicrin targets the trypanothione redox system in Trypanosoma brucei." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 21, no. 22 (2013): 7202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.052.

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13

Usuki, Toyonobu, Makiko Sato, Shihori Hara, et al. "Antitrypanosomal structure–activity-relationship study of synthetic cynaropicrin derivatives." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 24, no. 3 (2014): 794–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.099.

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14

Todorova, Milka N., Iliya V. Ognyanov, and Sanduin Shatar. "Sesquiterpene lactones in mongolian Saussurea lipshitzii." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 5 (1991): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19911106.

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Five known guaianolides were isolated from the areal part of Saussurea lipshitzii(Asteraceae) collected in South Gobi, Mongolia: cynaropicrin (I), janerin (II), chlorojanerin (III), 15-deschloro-15-acetoxychlorojanerin (IV), and 15-deschloro-15-hydroxychlorojanerin (V). The correlation between I-V and the β-configuration of the C-4/C-15 bond in II-V was shown by biomimetic chemical transformations, suggesting compound I as the possible common precursor. (

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15

Elsebai, Mahmoud F., Jukka Hakkola, Mohamed Mehiri, and Juana Diez. "Cynaropicrin: A Promising Natural Agent with Antitumor and Antiviral Activities." Proceedings 1, no. 10 (2017): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1100974.

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16

Pieri, Valerio, and Hermann Stuppner. "Quantification of Cynaropicrin in Artichoke Leaf Extracts by1H NMR Spectroscopy." Planta Medica 77, no. 15 (2011): 1756–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1271083.

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17

Zimmermann, Stefanie, Marcel Kaiser, Reto Brun, Matthias Hamburger, and Michael Adams. "Cynaropicrin: The First Plant Natural Product withIn VivoActivity againstTrypanosoma brucei." Planta Medica 78, no. 06 (2012): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1298241.

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18

Kaminskii, I. P., E. A. Krasnov, T. V. Kadyrova, S. A. Ivasenko, B. B. Rakhimova, and S. M. Adekenov. "Quantitative HPLC determination of cynaropicrin in Centaurea Scabiosa dry extract." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 45, no. 9 (2011): 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-011-0679-7.

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19

Bhattacharyya, P. R., N. C. Barua, and A. C. Ghosh. "Cynaropicrin from Tricholepis glaberrima: a potential insect feeding deterrent compound." Industrial Crops and Products 4, no. 4 (1995): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-6690(95)00044-5.

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20

Tastan, Pelin, Zsuzsanna Hajdú, Norbert Kúsz, et al. "Sesquiterpene Lactones and Flavonoids from Psephellus pyrrhoblepharus with Antiproliferative Activity on Human Gynecological Cancer Cell Lines." Molecules 24, no. 17 (2019): 3165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173165.

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Multistep chromatographic separations of the chloroform extract of the Turkish endemic plant Psephellus pyrrhoblepharus (Boiss.) Wagenitz (syn. Centaurea pyrrhoblephara Boiss.) resulted in the isolation of six guaianolid-type sesquiterpenes, chlorojanerin (1), 19-deoxychlorojanerin (2), 15-hydroxyjanerin (3), aguerin B (4), cynaropicrin (5), eleganin (6); three flavonoids, apigenin, 6-methoxyluteolin and jaceosidine; two glycosides, benzyl-1-O-β-d-glucoside and 3(Z)-hexenyl-1-O-β-d-glucoside; and the coumarin scopoletin. The structures were established by the interpretation of their ESI-MS and

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21

Nowak, Gerard, Bohdan Drożdż, Wijciech Kroszczyński, and Miroslav Holub. "Sesquiterpene lactones. XXX. Cynaropicrin in species of the subtribe Centaureanae Dumort." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 55, no. 1 (2014): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1986.003.

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The presence of cynaropicrin was determined in 13 species of the subtribe <em>Centaureinae</em> Dumort.: <em>Centaurea declinata</em> M. B.- <em>C. leucophylla</em> M. B.. <em>C. dealbata</em> Willd.. <em>C. zangezuri</em> (Sosn.) Sosn., <em>C. carthalinica</em> (Sosn.) Sosn., <em>C. thracica</em> (Janka) Hayek, <em>C. exarata</em> Boiss. ex Cosson, <em>C. phaeopappoides</em> Bordz., <em>Chartolepis intermedia</em> Bioss., <em>Ch. glastifolia</em> (L.) Cass., <

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22

Sovová, Helena, Lubomír Opletal, Marie Sajfrtová, and Milena Bártlová. "Supercritical fluid extraction of cynaropicrin and 20-hydroxyecdysone fromLeuzea carthamoides DC." Journal of Separation Science 31, no. 8 (2008): 1387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200700496.

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23

Takei, Kenjiro, Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya, Masakazu Takahara, Gaku Tsuji, Takeshi Nakahara, and Masutaka Furue. "Cynaropicrin attenuates UVB-induced oxidative stress via the AhR–Nrf2–Nqo1 pathway." Toxicology Letters 234, no. 2 (2015): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.007.

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24

Li, Jing, Yusuke Yoshida, Manami Kurita та Toyonobu Usuki. "Cynaropicrin and inhibition of NF-κB activation: A structure activity relationship study". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 29, № 12 (2019): 1518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.004.

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25

SCOTTI, L., M. SCOTTI, H. ISHIKI, et al. "Quantitative elucidation of the structure–bitterness relationship of cynaropicrin and grosheimin derivatives." Food Chemistry 105, no. 1 (2007): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.038.

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26

Emendörfer, Fernanda, Fabiane Emendörfer, Fernanda Bellato, et al. "Antispasmodic Activity of Fractions and Cynaropicrin from Cynara scolymus on Guinea-Pig Ileum." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 28, no. 5 (2005): 902–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.902.

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27

Cho, Jae Youl, Kyong Up Baik, Jee H. Jung, and Myung Hwan Park. "In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, from Saussurea lappa." European Journal of Pharmacology 398, no. 3 (2000): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00337-x.

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28

Pandino, G., F. Gattesco, S. Bosisio, S. Lombardo, A. Russo, and G. Mauromicale. "Cynaropicrin, total caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids in leaves of Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) forms." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1284 (June 2020): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1284.37.

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29

Cravotto, Giancarlo, Gian Mario Nano, Arianna Binello, Paola Spagliardi, and Gianfranco Seu. "Chemical and biological modification of cynaropicrin and grosheimin: a structure-bitterness relationship study." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85, no. 10 (2005): 1757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2180.

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30

Villarini, Milena, Mattia Acito, Raffaella di Vito, et al. "Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Artichoke Leaf Extracts in Human HT-29 and RKO Colon Cancer Cells." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (2021): 4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084166.

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(1) Background: Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus (L.) Hegi, popularly known as artichoke, is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Artichoke leaf extracts (ALEs) have been widely used in traditional medicine because of their hepatoprotective, cholagogic, hypoglycaemic, hypolipemic and antibacterial properties. ALEs are also recognized for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic activities, as well as effect on cell growth of ALEs on human colon cancer HT-29 and RKO cells. HT-29 and RKO cell

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31

Brás, Teresa, Luísa A. Neves, J. G. Crespo, and Maria F. Duarte. "Effect of extraction methodologies and solvent selection upon cynaropicrin extraction from Cynara cardunculus leaves." Separation and Purification Technology 236 (April 2020): 116283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116283.

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32

Eljounaidi, K., C. Comino, A. Moglia, et al. "Accumulation of cynaropicrin in globe artichoke and localization of enzymes involved in its biosynthesis." Plant Science 239 (October 2015): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.020.

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33

Cho, Jae Youl, Ae Ra Kim, Hong-Gu Joo, et al. "Cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, as a new strong regulator of CD29 and CD98 functions." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 313, no. 4 (2004): 954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.026.

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34

Colantuono, Antonio, Rosalia Ferracane, and Paola Vitaglione. "Potential bioaccessibility and functionality of polyphenols and cynaropicrin from breads enriched with artichoke stem." Food Chemistry 245 (April 2018): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.099.

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35

Masutani, Teruaki, Yuka Tsuda Tanaka, Hiroyuki Kojima, Makoto Tsuboi, Akira Hara, and Masayuki Niwa. "Cynaropicrin is dual regulator for both degradation factors and synthesis factors in the cartilage metabolism." Life Sciences 158 (August 2016): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.028.

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36

Mizuno, Hitomi, and Toyonobu Usuki. "Ionic Liquid-Assisted Extraction and Isolation of Cynaropicrin and Cnicin from Artichoke and Blessed thistle." ChemistrySelect 3, no. 6 (2018): 1781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201703063.

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37

Nowak, Gerard, Miroslaw Holub, and Miloš Buděšĺnský. "Sesquiterpene lactones. XXXVI. Sesquiterpene lactones in several subgenera of the genus Centaurea L." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 58, no. 1 (2014): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1989.008.

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The occurrence of both known and new sesquiterpene lactones was determined in six species classified in different subgenera of <em>Centaurea L. </em>Chlorojanerin, cynaropicrin and janerin were isolated from <em>C. phaeopappoides </em>Bordz. and <em>C. thracica </em>(Janka) Hayek. <em>C. marschalliana </em>Spreng. was found to contain acroptilin, chlorojanerin, cebellin D and janerin while <em>C. adjarica </em>Alb. had repin, acroptilin, chlorojanerin, centaurepensin, janerin, repidiolide, cebellin D, E, F and L A new, hitherto unders

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38

Liu, Tianyu, Junmin Zhang, Xiao Han, Jianqiang Xu, Yueting Wu, and Jianguo Fang. "Promotion of HeLa cells apoptosis by cynaropicrin involving inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and induction of oxidative stress." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 135 (May 2019): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.014.

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39

Moujir, Laila, Oliver Callies, Pedro M. C. Sousa, Farukh Sharopov, and Ana M. L. Seca. "Applications of Sesquiterpene Lactones: A Review of Some Potential Success Cases." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093001.

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Sesquiterpene lactones, a vast range of terpenoids isolated from Asteraceae species, exhibit a broad spectrum of biological effects and several of them are already commercially available, such as artemisinin. Here the most recent and impactful results of in vivo, preclinical and clinical studies involving a selection of ten sesquiterpene lactones (alantolactone, arglabin, costunolide, cynaropicrin, helenalin, inuviscolide, lactucin, parthenolide, thapsigargin and tomentosin) are presented and discussed, along with some of their derivatives. In the authors’ opinion, these compounds have been ne

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40

de Faria, Emanuelle, Rafael do Carmo, Ana Filipa Cláudio, Carmen Freire, Mara Freire, and Armando Silvestre. "Deep Eutectic Solvents as Efficient Media for the Extraction and Recovery of Cynaropicrin from Cynara cardunculus L. Leaves." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 11 (2017): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112276.

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41

Cho, Jae Youl, Ae Ra Kim, Jee H. Jung, Taehoon Chun, Man Hee Rhee, and Eun Sook Yoo. "Cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities of cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, on the viability of leukocyte cancer cell lines." European Journal of Pharmacology 492, no. 2-3 (2004): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.03.027.

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42

de Faria, Emanuelle L. P., Melissa V. Gomes, Ana Filipa M. Cláudio, Carmen S. R. Freire, Armando J. D. Silvestre, and Mara G. Freire. "Extraction and recovery processes for cynaropicrin from Cynara cardunculus L. using aqueous solutions of surface-active ionic liquids." Biophysical Reviews 10, no. 3 (2018): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12551-017-0387-y.

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43

Tanaka, Yuka Tsuda, Kiyotaka Tanaka, Hiroyuki Kojima, et al. "Cynaropicrin from Cynara scolymus L. suppresses photoaging of skin by inhibiting the transcription activity of nuclear factor-kappa B." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23, no. 2 (2013): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.034.

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44

Ferro, Ana Margarida, Patrícia Ramos, Ângela Guerra, et al. "Haplotype analysis of the germacrene A synthase gene and association with cynaropicrin content and biological activities in Cynara cardunculus." Molecular Genetics and Genomics 293, no. 2 (2017): 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-017-1388-z.

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45

Brás, Teresa, Ana F. C. Paulino, Luísa A. Neves, João G. Crespo, and Maria F. Duarte. "Ultrasound assisted extraction of cynaropicrin from Cynara cardunculus leaves: Optimization using the response surface methodology and the effect of pulse mode." Industrial Crops and Products 150 (August 2020): 112395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112395.

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46

CHENG, C., B. COSTALL, M. HAMBURGER, et al. "Toxic effects of solstitialin a 13-acetate and cynaropicrin from Centaurea solstitialis L. (asteraceae) in cell cultures of foetal rat brain." Neuropharmacology 31, no. 3 (1992): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(92)90177-q.

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47

Geppert, Barbara, Bohdan Drożdż, Michał Kiełczewski, and Mirosław Holub. "Sesquiterpene lactones. XXIII. Isolation of sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurea L. species." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 52, no. 1 (2014): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1983.003.

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Sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from 18 species or subspecies of the genus <em>Centaurea L.</em>: salonitenolide (I) was found in <em>C. crithmifolia Vis., C. friderici Vis., C, paniculata L., C. calcitrapa L., C. pontica </em>Prodan et E. L' Nyarady, <em>C. eriophora L., C. alba L. subsp. deusta</em> (Ten.) Nyman, <em>C. alba L.</em> subsp. <em>caliacrae</em> (Prodan) Dostal and <em>C. weldeniana</em> Reichenb.; cnicin (II) was found in: <em>C. vallesiaca (DC)</em>. Jordan, <em>C. calcitrapa L., C.

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Cai, Danlei, Hongdan Duan, Yangshan Fu та Zhongfeng Cheng. "Renal Tissue Damage Induced by Acute Kidney Injury in Sepsis Rat Model Is Inhibited by Cynaropicrin via IL-1β and TNF-α Down-Regulation". Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics 497, № 1 (2021): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1607672921020022.

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Menin, Barbara, Cinzia Comino, Ezio Portis, et al. "Genetic mapping and characterization of the globe artichoke (+)-germacrene A synthase gene, encoding the first dedicated enzyme for biosynthesis of the bitter sesquiterpene lactone cynaropicrin." Plant Science 190 (July 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.03.006.

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Rocchetti, Gabriele, Gianluca Giuberti, Franco Lucchini, and Luigi Lucini. "Polyphenols and Sesquiterpene Lactones from Artichoke Heads: Modulation of Starch Digestion, Gut Bioaccessibility, and Bioavailability following In Vitro Digestion and Large Intestine Fermentation." Antioxidants 9, no. 4 (2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040306.

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Artichoke is a relevant source of health-promoting compounds such as polyphenols and sesquiterpene lactones. In this study, the bioaccessibility and gut bioavailability of artichoke constituents were evaluated by combining in vitro digestion and large intestine fermentation, metabolomics, and Caco-2 human intestinal cells model. Moreover, the ability of artichoke polyphenols to modulate the in vitro starch digestibility was also explored. An untargeted metabolomic approach based on liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight (UHPLC/QTOF) mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statisti

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