Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cyniques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 16 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cyniques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Husson, Suzanne. "Les cyniques et la cité. La pensée politique des premiers cyniques." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040176.
Full textThe first cynics non only criticized the political life of their time but they also elaborated a positive political reflection about the theme of the city of the wise. Diogenes of Sinope wrote a politeia to parody Plato’s in them he described a community of the wise living according to the rules of natural life and in them he criticized the political regimes of his time. Crates of Thebes was less aggressive toward the mighty and he also described a city of the wise and locate it in an imaginary world. The stoic Zeno of Citiom wrote a politeia inspired not only by Diogenes’ but by his own stoic idea of nature. Antisthenes's political thought drew his inspiration from Socrates and didn’t directly influence Diogenes’s. The first cynics and the thinkers they inspired refused to set the problem of politics, that is to say the question: "how can the men such as they are, that is to say defective and ruled by their own desires, live together and make a stable community?". This is the main limit of their political thought. Nevertheless their main interest is that they tried to give a philosophical coherence to the fantasy of a natural and therefore perfect community, that obsess the questioning about politics
Fustin, Ludivine. "Romanciers cyniques : Octave Mirbeau, Pierre Drieu la Rochelle, Michel Houellebecq." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040011.
Full textThe antique and modern study of the novels by these three cynical writers aims at trying to portray a new authorial status in the history of nineteenth to twenty-first century literature : the status of the cynical novelist. First and foremost, the common thread of this research comes from the essential link between cynicism and truth. On the one hand, truth as historic truth is defined when cynicism (in its philosophical, psychological and ethical terms) is considered by these novelists as a novel material, in other words, a theme, a character, and an attitude, which exposes the reality of their respective century. On the other hand, truth as transhistorical truth is when they endeavour to unveil what mankind and world are. Cynicism comes therefore from the habit of truth-telling, the one that promotes the alethic aspect of the literary text and determines the content of the speech conveyed by the novel. Mirbeau, Drieu and Houellebecq novels have really definite horizons of their owns. But if I consider the common points to these three writers, I can say that this truth-telling process is a centre around which themes, narrative elements and writing processes gravitate. This strong involvement of cynicism in the literary space necessarily implies a singular connection to reality, therefore, it implies for the novelist both to handle carefully this melting of fiction and real-life experiences and to trigger a process of a honest and lucid disclosure towards literature itself. A cynical novelist must expose the weaknesses, the contradictions and even the quirks of literature in order to be as close as possible to what it really is
Müseler, Eike. "Die Kynikerbriefe /." Paderborn : F. Schöning, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37541896b.
Full textJunqua, Frédéric. "Lettres de cyniques : étude des correspondances apocryphes de Diogène de Sinope et Cratès de Thèbes." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040261.
Full textCornia, Ugo. "Expérience néo-cyniques de la ville. Sur la dimension esthétique et narrative de la possibilité d'habiter l'espace urbain." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH037.
Full textThis PhD dissertation investigates, starting from the stimuli offered by Hadot, Agamben, Foucault, Fabbrichesi, Goulet-Cazé and Sloterdijk, the specificity of the ancient cynicism. Cynicism is a very particular form of life that today perhaps has something to say.We tried to reconstruct a framework that recomposes this form of cynical life, very autarchic and controversial, in relation to the main experiences of life: the origin and citizenship, the relationship with the economy, with the power, with the social conventions, with knowledge and with religion.This research tries to contextualize the cynical life form in relation to the urban context because cynicism developed within the cities. Cynical provocations were shown in temples or squares; through shameless and shameless behavior, the way of dressing or living was disputed, and customs and laws were transgressed.A kind of subterranean current of cynicism was then reconstructed in the development of western culture from the end of the Greek-Roman world to the nineteenth century. Diogenes appears in Arab culture and medieval novels; cynicism is cited by Erasmus, Montaigne, Rabelais and the theme of the extravagance of the artist's life appears. The illuminists quote Diogene. Thoreau's attempts at autarky have been analyzed, Marx's lifestyle in London, and Nietzsche's great recovery of cynicism.In the twentieth century, some cynical motifs in the narrative of Tolstoy, Bernhard, Beckett, Hasek and Kristof were also analyzed. It is not a declared cynicism, but the re-emergence of certain problems and certain solutions. We then tried to investigate how and what Foucault and Sloterdijk have recovered from cynicism. In the socio-economic sphere, the links between cynical autarky and the ideas of de-growth thought and Ivan Illich were highlighted
Jouvet, François. "Approche kunique et théorie des organisations : essai philosophique français sur le thème de l'entreprise." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0045.
Full textTo contemporary cynicism, this thesis opposes the approach of ancient cynicism. It begins with the study of six principles : three dealing with organization (differentiation, integration, optimisation). Then three + creative ; ones (immanence, transcendance, transcendentalism). Together, these principles offer the structure of a classification and interpretation frame for the theories of organization. Upon them is built a critical approach : critical constructivism. Critical constructivism is made up of three different elements : one about theory, the next about ethics, the third one about judgment. Critical constructivism determines three main principles: liberty, equality and fraternity. Its logical consequences conclude in favour of existentialism. Liberty, equality and fraternity, plus existentialism should be enought to justify the subtitle of this work : + a french essay about the theory of the firm
Serrano, Archimi Carolina. "Cynisme instrumental: quand les managers perçoivent leurs dirigeants comme cyniques : Effets sur leurs réactions au travail exit, voice, loyalty, neglect, silence (EVLNS)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32072.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to describe and quantify the influence derived from reactions of work withdrawal of managers based on their perception of cynicism from top management. We define the notion of cynicism by reviewing, on the one hand, work already performed on cynicism within management sciences; and, on the other hand, its historical development since the emergence of the ancient school of cynicism. A literature review, both managerial and philosophical, has made it possible to develop a typology of cynicisms and to define top management cynicism as perceived by managers: instrumental cynicism. In order to measure the influence that the perception of cynicism can have on the reactions of managers at work, two studies were performed. The first study, of an exploratory nature, defined the type of cynicism that managers perceive. It consisted of 25 individual interviews, a focus group composed of 12 respondents, and a content analysis of 320 press extracts. The second study, of a quantitative nature, composed of 658 usable questionnaires, allowed on the one hand to validate the concept of instrumental cynicism, perceived as a second order construct with three dimensions, and on the other hand to test the effect of perceived instrumental cynicism on the withdrawal reactions of managers: EVLNS (exit, voice, loyalty, neglect and silence). These studies point out the social exchange that links managers and their top management, regardless of the hierarchical distance between them. Managers evaluate the perceived quality of this exchange and adopt the type of behaviours that enable them to restore a balance that they consider to be equitable
Zoss, Pascal. "L'ironie cynique : une subjectivation sans partage." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080072/document.
Full textThe performative art practices, especially those of sixties and seventies, present aform of political subjectivation within their excessive and body acts, which invites us toresume Ancient Cynicism’s « short route », out of the interpretations that were faithful to thephilosophical telos of « better life », « good » or « right ». This conjunction is a compelling callfor achieving, beyond the anecdotal or documentary report, a wider understanding of themateriality of acts, of their resistance to any reported lesson and, ultimately, to restesslyquestion their remainder.Furthermore, when grasping the social inclusion and exclusion as the result of cohesivenaturalization, of discrimination of natural abilities and inabilities, the actual testingof this solidarity reaches the core of the equalitarian question. Then, cynical acts draw theoutline which let consider the subjectivation within the constant withdrawal of the subjectfrom his normative or « police » assimilation. Irony relentlessly leaves its marks on this processby hiding the subject in the shadow of his acts, as the ploy of an identification to theincompetent nature of the excluded one. It is indeed by amplifying the exclusion’s naturalrepresentation, by giving it the biggest material density, that the cynicism subjectivationopens a gap between the belongings of included and excluded ones. And this gap, whichrelieves the author of any subjectivity, of the obligation to operate within the « police »regime of inequality, gives its place to the desire with no subject, that very one preciselypresupposed by the equality of subjects
Izzo, Donatella. "Studi sulle intersezioni tra Cinismo antico e commedia greca e latina." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/246698.
Full textMon travail de thèse se propose d’analyser les interactions entre Comédie grecque et latine et Cynisme. Mon étude, qui prend en compte toutes les problematiques complexes liées aux sources du Cynisme, se developpe selon deux directions. D’un côté, j’étudie les dettes formelles que la tradition cynique a envers la comédie et les différentes fonctions du geloion dans les formes communicatives adoptées par les Cyniques. Dans cette première perspective, j’analyse aussi les passages où les sources anciennes associent les Cyniques à la Comédie ou à un comique en particulier et les passages pour lesquels l’attribution oscille entre comiques et Cyniques. De l’autre, j’étudie la manière dont les Cyniques sont représentés par les comédiens. La partie la plus consistante de la thèse est donc dédiée au receuil et au commentaire ponctuel des vers comiques dans lesquels figure une référence explicite aux Cyniques ou dans lesquels les chercheurs ont soupçonné une allusion.
Marquis, Emeline. "Sur la mort de Pérégrinos, Les Fugitifs et Toxaris de Lucien de Samosate : édition avec traduction et commentaire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040165.
Full textThe subject of this PhD thesis is the critical edition, with a French translation and a commentary, of three texts by Lucian of Samosata : On the Death of Peregrinus, The Runaways et Toxaris or Frienship (the numbers 55, 56 and 57 in the canonical order of Lucian’s works). The edition is based on the study of all handwritten testimonials as well as their connection (for each text a stemma was established). The critical apparatus is positive. It relies on a limited number of manuscripts necessary for establishing the text while at the same time giving a representative picture of its tradition. The french translation aims at combining literary aspect with staying close to the original text. The commentary is linear ; it unifies an historical and literary approach. The benefit of this work is threefold. Regarding the edition, it sheds light on the texts of Lucian which have a simple tradition, a type of tradition that had not been studied on its own by previous editors. The observed differences in comparison with texts in double tradition leads to the reevaluation of the different families of manuscripts. Moreover it underlines the historical interest of Lucian’s works : in spite of their differences concerning their temporal situation, each of the three texts has roots in the life of the first centuries of the Roman Empire. Finally, it allows to better evaluate the role taken by Lucian as an author : the role of a man that is conscious of being a pepaideumenos, committed to the truth in all its forms and aware of the power and danger of speech
Schmitt, Stefan. "Diogenes : Studien zu seiner Ikonographie in der niederländischen Emblematik und Malerei /." Hildesheim : Georg Olms, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38985964m.
Full textClément, Michèle Diogène le Cynique. "Le cynisme à la Renaissance : d'Erasme à Montaigne. suivi de Les epistres ([trad. de] 1546) de Diogenes." Genève : Droz, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39929178z.
Full textContient Les epistres de Diogenes, philosophe cynicque ([trad.] 1546), trad. de grec en francoys par Loys du Puys. Bibliogr. p. [267]-273. Notes bibliogr. Index.
Maruotti, Amaranta. "La diàtriba cinico-stoica : uno strumento concettuale o un mitofilologico? : analisi del dialogismo diatribico e del ruolo dello interlocutore fittizio nella filosofia romana." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040143.
Full textThe starting point of our thesis is the critical discussion of a concept taken for granted by literary and ancient philosophy scholars. This is the cynic-stoic diatribe, so named because cynical themes would coexist with Stoic ones. Our first step is assessing the accuracy of the widely accepted definition, which makes the connection between the diatribe and a tradition of topics relating to moral popular philosophy. Then we explain our choice to accept and to try to integrate recent scientific acknowledgments which accept the diatribe as a literary genre relating to the spiritual guidance method of the Socratic philosophical schools, with a particularly attentive focus on the relationship between master and disciple. Starting from this controversial genre of Greek origin, we analyze the transition to the Roman period, by first examining the terminological aspect and then the philosophical framing. Among the methods, defined as diatribic, we focus on the only feature which does not appear to be challenged and that for this exact reason could be the basis of the existence of the genre itself: dialogism and the presence of a fictitious interlocutor.We then focus our attention on Seneca's work, and particularly on Letters to Lucilius, where the attempt to create a master-disciple relationship is intensely visible, and in which the presence of a fictitious interlocutor is structurally related to the development of this relationship. Then we discuss the diatribic forms of Roman satire, to reach Lucilius', Horace's and Persius' cases. A brief presentation is finally devoted to the analysis of relations between the diatribe, the Second Sophistic and the religious preaching
Séguin, Luc. "La question du modèle animal chez les cyniques." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12817.
Full textThis study tries to make a connection between the numerous positives references to animals in the cynic corpus and a certain conception of the philosophical activity as suggested by the Cynics and more precisely embodied by Diogenes of Sinope. As shown in the first section, the concept of the animal is practically absent in the classic Greek philosophy. It can only appear in a moral context which tries to establish the ethics and norms of human acts and in this context, positives reference to animals are rare. The Cynic’s position-- exhorting their fellow citizens to mimic animals as a means to acquiring virtue-- is in this regard exceptionally unusual. How do we interpret this radical change of perspective in which man seems to no longer occupy the intermediate position between gods and animals ? Following the theses of Thierry Gonthier, Olimar Florès-Junior and Marie-Odile Goulet-Cazé, the second section leads us on the path of the rhethoric of exhortation that is, an essential element of the Cynic’s practice. What actions the Cynic’s exhort their fellow citizens to ? And how the figure of the animal is able to exemplifies it? The third section discusses the cynic’s ideal of wisdom and their emblematic figure, the dog. We will finally demonstrate with the help of studies by Jean-Marie Meilland, D. Deleule et Peter Sloterdijk that the valorisation of the animal in the Cynic’s perspective must not be understood as a vile regression to animality but as a legitimate activity in and of itself.
Chouinard, Isabelle. "La conception de la liberté chez les premiers Cyniques." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18718.
Full textDiogenes of Sinope, the main representative of ancient Cynicism, says in one of his works that « he preferred freedom above everything ». He does not mean here freedom in its political sense, but rather in its moral and individual meaning, which dates back at least to the sixth century BC and perhaps to the very root of the word ἐλεύθερος. Tracing the history of this notion reveals diverse influences on Cynicism, whether the figure of the « free slave » of the tragedians, or the correspondence between nature and freedom of the Sophists and Democritus. To reach self-sufficiency and apathy, the two characteristics of Cynic freedom, Diogenes must submit his body to physical training, it being the only way to break free from the chains of civilization. Socrates, especially in Xenophon and to a certain extent in Plato, had already made physical exercises a condition for acquiring freedom. However, with Socrates the emancipation of the individual ends in gaining knowledge that he deems necessary to virtue. Cynics, for their part, reject virtue-knowledge and limit their philosophical activity to the practice of a rigorous physical asceticism, so that freedom leads directly to virtue and happiness to the point of identifying with it. Therefore, Cynics differ from their Socratic predecessors by not extending their philosophical quest beyond the moment of liberation and thereby make freedom the true hallmark of their philosophy.
Hayes, Kathleen. "Résurgence et transformation du cynisme au XVIIIe siècle : la réception de Diogène dans les Lumières françaises." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18478.
Full textNow pervasive on the political scene, cynicism has been contentious from its beginnings. The scandalous way of living to which it is linked raise the issue of whether or not Diogenes and the Cynics must be considered as part of the history of philosophy. Besides, what do today’s cynical practices share with those of Diogenes? Some interprets situate the emergence of a new conception of cynicism peculiar to modernity during the Enlightenment, but few historical studies have been centered on this question. It is consequently important to return to the sources of cynicism to measure this hypothesis’ validity. Through a study of cynicism’s history and its transmission we trace the evolution of the major issues at the core of cynic movement and its posterity, and present a synthesis of its significations and their internal tensions. Many references allow us to define the place that cynicism occupies within the XVIIIth century. Philosophers have tried to reclaim Diogenes’ antique wisdom while also accommodating his shameless frankness to the requirements of sociability. The study of the reception of cynicism in the XVIIIth century french Enlightenment must therefore be seen within the scope of the moral debates of that time. Those debates aim to elaborate a materialist moral on a natural basis, trying in doing so to tackle the problem of amoralism revealed by La Mettrie’s statement of the inadequacy between happiness and virtue. To do that, Helvetius reduces the scope of natural determinisms by underlining the importance of exterior factors when managing behaviors. Diderot and D’Holbach, on their part, emphasize the notion of sociability to make sure there’s a moral sense within human nature itself; this belief reinforces an already profound disagreement between the ideals of Enlightenment and cynicism. But is this approach that widespread? Or is cynicism subject to vary according to authors? This thesis proposes, by studying the occurrences of cynicism in French Enlightenment’s texts, to give an account of its different meanings in order to identify the issues that are put forward. Therefore, texts such as Aihcrappih by Godart de Beauchamps, Le Diogène décent by Prémontval, Le Socrate en délire by Wieland, Le cynique moderne by Cœtlogon, Le désapprobateur by Castilhon, Le cosmopolite by Fougeret de Monbron, Le paysan perverti by Restif de la Bretonne, and Arlequin Diogène by Saint-Just will be taken into account, as will be cynicism in Diderot’s texts; this thematic is present in his whole work, Le neveu de Rameau being the most achieved expression of it. Exposing his doubts, Diderot also finds its place in our exposition of the Enlightenment’s critics as they have been formulated by Rousseau and Sade; we’ll also analyze the relevance of their cynical stakes. The conclusion of this thesis is that the modern and contemporary meanings of cynicism entail important conceptual distinctions that forbid us to amalgamate them. Our analysis of cynicism in French Enlightenment’s texts shows that up until the end of the XVIIIth century, we are faced with a modern conception of cynicism that rests to a considerable extent upon the rediscovery of Diogene’s immodesty. More precisely, the XVIIIth century cynicism can be characterized by a solitary and misanthropic withdrawal, which opposes the Philosophers’ humanist optimism. Cynicism is therefore a rejection of sociability, a value put forward by Philosophers in response to the general state of corruption of society. In other words, if one can locate the emergence of a new form of cynicism in the Enlightenment, it’s not that some authors understood cynicism as we do now: it is because the debates linked with the construction of a materialist conception of morality, be it be founded on interests or sentiments, show that these fundaments carry some weaknesses. It is as though the disillusioned man who takes for granted the incorrigibility of nature and society and chooses to take advantage of it despite the immorality of doing so has given birth to the postmodern cynic. This is he who breaks with a tradition which, up to the modern era, considered the cynic as the figure of a blunt truth teller, disapproving of mankind. If immodesty, driven into a corner, leads the postmodern cynic to shamelessness in lying, he in a sense pursues the motto of the alteration of values initiated by Diogenes, but now contributes to maintain the corruption of society, which no cynic, may he be ancient or modern, would have accepted to silence.