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Journal articles on the topic 'CYP2CP'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Swar Aldahab, Azza A. M. H., Abdalla O. Elkhawad, Ahmed S. A. Elsayed, and Hanan B. Eltahir. "Mean Stable Warfarin Doses Versus CYP2C9*2 and VKORC11639G>A Genotypes in Sudanese Population." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care 9, no. 1 (2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ajprhc/0/7708.

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Warfarin is a potent anticoagulant with a confirmed effectiveness when anticoagulation targets are attained, an issue, that is troublesome to reach due to the fact that warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index (NTI), that means they have a narrow window between their effective doses and those at which they produce adverse toxic effects. However, oral anticoagulation throughout genetics recommended a genotype guided dosing, but is it favourable over clinical based dosing? Objectives: To analyze the mean stable warfarin doses attained clinically within CYP2C9*2 and VKORC11639G&gt;A wild-type

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Swar Aldahab, Azza A. M. H., Abdalla O. Elkhawad, Ahmed S. A. Elsayed, and Hanan B. Eltahir. "Mean Stable Warfarin Doses Versus CYP2C9*2 and VKORC11639G>A Genotypes in Sudanese Population." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care 9, no. 1 (2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ajprhc/2017/7708.

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Warfarin is a potent anticoagulant with a confirmed effectiveness when anticoagulation targets are attained, an issue, that is troublesome to reach due to the fact that warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index (NTI), that means they have a narrow window between their effective doses and those at which they produce adverse toxic effects. However, oral anticoagulation throughout genetics recommended a genotype guided dosing, but is it favourable over clinical based dosing? Objectives: To analyze the mean stable warfarin doses attained clinically within CYP2C9*2 and VKORC11639G&gt;A wild-type

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3

Chowdhury, MSI Tipu, Md Fakhrul Islam Khaled, Sadia Sultana, et al. "Validation of Pharmacogenetic Testing Before Initiation of Warfarin Therapy." University Heart Journal 15, no. 2 (2019): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v15i2.42665.

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Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant used to prevent or treat clotting disorders associated with venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrilation, cardiac valve replacement, stroke and acute myocardial infarction. It is a vitamin K antagonist composed of S- and R- isomers. The more potent S-warfarin is metabolized by cytochrome 450 isoenzyme 2C9 (CYP2C9), encoded by CYP2C9 gene. Warfarin exerts its anticoagulants effect by inhibitingits target enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), encoded by vitamin K epoxide reductase subunit 1 (VKOR1) gene. Genetic variation in the CYP2C9 and VKOR

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Ren, Xiaojing, Yuanyuan Ji, Xuhua Jiang, and Xun Qi. "Downregulation of CYP2A6 and CYP2C8 in Tumor Tissues Is Linked to Worse Overall Survival and Recurrence-Free Survival from Hepatocellular Carcinoma." BioMed Research International 2018 (July 25, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5859415.

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Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the links between CYP450 family genes in tumor tissues and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes.Methods. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases GSE14520 and GSE36376 were used to identify differential expressed CYP450 genes between tumor and nontumor tissues and related to HCC clinicopathological features and survivals.Results. Seven CYP450 genes including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP4A11 were downregulated in tumor tissues, which were validated in both GSE14520 and GSE36376. HCC patients with CYP2A6 and CYP2C8 low levels i

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Niwa, Toshiro, and Yurie Imagawa. "Substrate Specificity of Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C Subfamily and Effect of Azole Antifungal Agents on CYP2C8." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 4 (2016): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j31s53.

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PURPOSE: The metabolic activities of aminopyrine N-demethylation and tolbutamide methylhydroxylation by the human hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) 2C subfamily were compared and the effects of azole antifungal agent on the drug-metabolizing activity of CYP2C8 were investigated. METHODS: Aminopyrine N-demethylation and tolbutamide methylhydroxylation by CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 were determined by the previous reported methods. The effects of five azole antifungal agents, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and voriconazole, on the aminopyrine N-demethylation activity by

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Chamboko, Chiratidzo R., Wayde Veldman, Rolland Bantar Tata, Birgit Schoeberl, and Özlem Tastan Bishop. "Human Cytochrome P450 1, 2, 3 Families as Pharmacogenes with Emphases on Their Antimalarial and Antituberculosis Drugs and Prevalent African Alleles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043383.

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Precision medicine gives individuals tailored medical treatment, with the genotype determining the therapeutic strategy, the appropriate dosage, and the likelihood of benefit or toxicity. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme families 1, 2, and 3 play a pivotal role in eliminating most drugs. Factors that affect CYP function and expression have a major impact on treatment outcomes. Therefore, polymorphisms of these enzymes result in alleles with diverse enzymatic activity and drug metabolism phenotypes. Africa has the highest CYP genetic diversity and also the highest burden of malaria and tuberculosis

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Zhang, Jiang-Wei, Yong Liu, Jie Cheng, et al. "Inhibition of Human Liver Cytochrome P450 by Star Fruit Juice." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (2007): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j30593.

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Purpose. To examine the inhibitory effects of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) juice towards seven major cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). Methods. The inhibitory effects of star fruit juice (0.5 to 5%, v/v) against the activities of seven CYP isoforms including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CPR were examined in human liver microsomes. To identify time-dependent inhibition, star fruit juice (2.5%, v/v) was preincubated with microsomes and a NADPH-generating system for 0-15 min, and then the extent of inhibition towards seven C

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Pan, Yan, Kai Hung Tiong, Badrul Amini Abd-Rashid, et al. "Effect of eurycomanone on cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 in vitro." Journal of Natural Medicines 68, no. 2 (2013): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-013-0794-8.

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9

RanakishorPelluri*, Panguluri Haripriya Mantri Satyavathi V. Lakshmi Prasanna Shaik SeshmaIfthulla P.SrinivasaBabu. "WARFARIN DOSAGE ADJUSTMENT IN PATIENTS WITH GENETIC VARIABILITY." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 07, no. 09 (2017): 488–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036431.

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Warfarin is a potent drug that when used judiciously and monitored closely, leads to substantial reductions in morbidity and mortality from thromboembolic events. However, even with careful monitoring, initiation of warfarin dosing is associated with highly variable responses between individuals and challenges achieving and maintaining levels within the narrow therapeutic range that can lead to adverse drug events. Genetic factors most correlated with warfarin dose requirements are variations in the genes encoding the enzymes cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR).

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10

Halling, Jónrit, Maria S. Petersen, Per Damkier, et al. "Polymorphism of CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP2C8 in the Faroese population." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 61, no. 7 (2005): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-005-0938-1.

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11

Pedersen, Rasmus S., Charlotte Brasch-Andersen, Sarah C. Sim, et al. "Linkage disequilibrium between the CYP2C19*17 allele and wildtype CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 alleles: identification of CYP2C haplotypes in healthy Nordic populations." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 66, no. 12 (2010): 1199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-010-0864-8.

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Seo, Hyung-Ju, Seung-Bae Ji, Sin-Eun Kim, et al. "Inhibitory Effects of Schisandra Lignans on Cytochrome P450s and Uridine 5′-Diphospho-Glucuronosyl Transferases in Human Liver Microsomes." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 3 (2021): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030371.

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Schisandra chinensis has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat chronic coughs, fatigue, night sweats, and insomnia. Numerous bioactive components including lignans have been identified in this plant. Lignans with a dibenzocyclooctadiene moiety have been known to possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activity. Fragmentary studies have reported the ability of some lignans to modulate some cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. Herein, we investigated the drug interaction potential of six dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans (schisandrin, gomisin A, B, C, and N, and

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13

Park, Eun Jeong, Ria Park, Ji-Hyeon Jeon, et al. "Inhibitory Effect of AB-PINACA, Indazole Carboxamide Synthetic Cannabinoid, on Human Major Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (2020): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111036.

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Indazole carboxamide synthetic cannabinoid, AB-PINACA, has been placed into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act by the US Drug Enforcement Administration since 2015. Despite the possibility of AB-PINACA exposure in drug abusers, the interactions between AB-PINACA and drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters that play crucial roles in the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of various substrate drugs have not been investigated. This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of AB-PINACA on eight clinically important human major cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and six uridine 5′-diph

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14

Gaedigk, Andrea, Erin C. Boone, Steven E. Scherer, et al. "CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 Characterization Using Next-Generation Sequencing and Haplotype Analysis." Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 24, no. 4 (2022): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.12.011.

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15

Ma, Wenjuan, Wei Wang, Xuhua Huang, et al. "HPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Its Combination with Red Ginseng Effect on Rat CYP450 Activities Using the Cocktail Approach." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (March 9, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8603934.

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Red ginseng is often combined with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata to reduce alkaloids-related toxicity of the latter. Such herb-pairing also results in better therapeutic effect in heart failure, as compared to the singular use of either herb. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and its combination with red ginseng on the activities of CYP450 enzymes in rats. A sensitive and reliable HPLC-MS/MS method was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight probe drugs, phenacetin (CYP1A2), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), ome

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16

Bagher, Amina M. "Association of CYP2C9∗3 and CYP2C8∗3 Non-Functional Alleles with Ibuprofen-Induced Upper Gastrointestinal Toxicity in a Saudi Patient." Case Reports in Medicine 2023 (July 21, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6623269.

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Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used to alleviate pain and inflammation. Although it is generally considered safe, common adverse drug reactions of ibuprofen include stomach pain, nausea, and heartburn. It can also cause gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, especially in individuals with a history of GI ulcers or bleeding disorders. Ibuprofen is predominantly metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP2C8. Individuals carrying the CYP2C9∗3 or CYP2C8∗3 non-functional alleles have reduced enzyme activities resulting in elevated ibuprofen plasma c

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17

Jeong, Seongwook, Phuong D. Nguyen, and Zeruesenay Desta. "Comprehensive In Vitro Analysis of Voriconazole Inhibition of Eight Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Enzymes: Major Effect on CYPs 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 2 (2008): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01123-08.

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ABSTRACT Voriconazole is an effective antifungal drug, but adverse drug-drug interactions associated with its use are of major clinical concern. To identify the mechanisms of these interactions, we tested the inhibitory potency of voriconazole with eight human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Isoform-specific probes were incubated with human liver microsomes (HLMs) (or expressed CYPs) and cofactors in the absence and the presence of voriconazole. Preincubation experiments were performed to test mechanism-based inactivation. In pilot experiments, voriconazole showed inhibition of CYP2B6, CYP2C9,

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Patil, Madhavi N., Kailas D. Datkhile, Anand K. Gudur, Rashmi A. Gudur, and Satish R. Patil. "Single-nucleotide polymorphism in CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9 genes and their association with gastrointestinal cancer: A hospital-based case-control study." Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 20, no. 1 (2023): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_294_22.

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Background: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) comprises a group of phase-I metabolizing enzymes that are important in xenobiotics metabolism. Genetic polymorphism of CYPs has been comprehensively studied for their association with a range of diseases. In this study, we assessed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP2B, and CYP2C and their role in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer susceptibility in the rural population of Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: In this hospital-based case-control study, the association of polymorphism of CYP genes was studied by the polymerase chain reaction-rest

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Park, So-Young, Phi-Hung Nguyen, Gahyun Kim, et al. "Strong and Selective Inhibitory Effects of the Biflavonoid Selamariscina A against CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 Enzyme Activities in Human Liver Microsomes." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 4 (2020): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040343.

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Like flavonoids, biflavonoids, dimeric flavonoids, and polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. However, there is limited data on their effects on cytochrome P450 (P450) and uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT) enzyme activities. In this study we evaluate the inhibitory potential of five biflavonoids against nine P450 activities (P450s1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A) in human liver microsomes (HLMs) using cocktail incubation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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Zhang, J. George, Thuy Ho, Reena Patel, Sarah K. Trisdale, Tim Creegan, and David M. Stresser. "Reversible and time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in human hepatocyte suspensions by model inhibitors." Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 32, no. 1 (2017): S57—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.10.233.

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Mirzaev, K. B., D. S. Fedorinov, D. V. Ivashchenko, and D. A. Sychev. "Multi-Ethnic Analysis of Cardiac Pharmacogenetic Markers of Cytochrome P450 and Membrane Transporters Genes in the Russian Population." Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 15, no. 3 (2019): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-3-393-406.

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Aim. To summarize Russian studies using pharmacogenetic testing as applied to cardiology.Material and methods. The authors conducted an online search for articles in December 2018 using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY. The search was carried out by keywords: "Russia", "Russian", "cardiology" together with the terms associated with the polymorphic marker, including: «P450», «CYP2C19», «CYP2D6», «CYP2B1», «CYP2B6», «CYP2Е1», «CYP2C8», «CYP2C9», «CYP3A4», «CYP3A5», «CYP1A1», «CYP1A2», «CYP4F2», «CYP4F1», «ABCB1», «SLCO1B1», «VKORC1», «GGCX», «SULT1A1», «CULT1», «CES1», «

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Leonova, M. V., and E. E. Alimova. "Pharmacogenetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: existing problems for clinical practice." Medical Council, no. 21 (January 20, 2019): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-21-204-209.

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NSAIDs are the most commonly used drugs in clinical practice for pain relief in various diseases. To date, considerable scientific material has been accumulated on the pharmacogenetics of NSAIDs and the role of genetic factors that can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, changing the efficacy and toxicity profile. The most clinically significant changes in pharmacokinetics in carriers of slow alleles of CYP2C9*3 have been identified for celecoxib and flurbiprofen, which determines the need for testing and lowering of drug doses. Studies were carried out to study the r

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Zobdeh, Farzin, Ivan I. Eremenko, Mikail A. Akan, et al. "Pharmacogenetics and Pain Treatment with a Focus on Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Antidepressants: A Systematic Review." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (2022): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061190.

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Background: This systematic review summarizes the impact of pharmacogenetics on the effect and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antidepressants when used for pain treatment. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines regarding the human in vivo efficacy and safety of NSAIDs and antidepressants in pain treatment that take pharmacogenetic parameters into consideration. Studies were collected from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the cutoff date 18

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Lim, Sharoen Yu Ming, Mustafa Ahmed Alshagga, Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, Chin Eng Ong, and Yan Pan. "In vitro effects of 95% khat ethanol extract (KEE) on human recombinant cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2 and CYP3A5." Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy 37, no. 1 (2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dmpt-2021-1000196.

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Abstract Objectives Khat, a natural amphetamine-like psychostimulant plant, are widely consumed globally. Concurrent intake of khat and xenobiotics may lead to herb-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study is a continuation of our previous study, targeted to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effects of khat ethanol extract (KEE) on human cytochrome (CYP) 1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, and CYP3A5, major human drug metabolizing enzymes. Methods In vitro fluorescence enzyme assays were employed to assess CYPs inhibition with the presence and absence of

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Wang, Jing, Zhi-Yi Zhang, Sharon Lu, Dan Powers, Vikram Kansra, and Xiaodong Wang. "Effects of rolapitant administered orally on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), efavirenz (CYP2B6), and repaglinide (CYP2C8) in healthy subjects." Supportive Care in Cancer 27, no. 3 (2018): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4331-x.

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Ibeanu, Gordon C., and Joyce A. Goldstein. "Transcriptional Regulation of Human CYP2C Genes: Functional Comparison of CYP2C9 and CYP2C18 Promoter Regions." Biochemistry 34, no. 25 (1995): 8028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00025a008.

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Kim, Sunjoo, Dong Kyun Kim, Yongho Shin, Ji-Hyeon Jeon, Im-Sook Song, and Hye Suk Lee. "In Vitro Interaction of AB-FUBINACA with Human Cytochrome P450, UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes and Drug Transporters." Molecules 25, no. 19 (2020): 4589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194589.

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AB-FUBINACA, a synthetic indazole carboxamide cannabinoid, has been used worldwide as a new psychoactive substance. Because drug abusers take various drugs concomitantly, it is necessary to explore potential AB-FUBINACA-induced drug–drug interactions caused by modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. In this study, the inhibitory effects of AB-FUBINACA on eight major human cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and six uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) of human liver microsomes, and on eight clinically important transport activities including organic cation transporters (O

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Kim, Duckhoon, Daeun Lim, Min Jung Kim, et al. "Inhibition of CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 by Sophorea Radix extracts in human liver microsomes." Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society WCP2018 (2018): PO3–14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.wcp2018.0_po3-14-17.

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Polonikov, Alexey, Svetlana Sirotina, Marina Bykanova, Anna Bocharova, Vadim Stepanov, and Maria Solodilova. "AB026. Genetic variation in CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 and the risk of coronary artery disease." Annals of Translational Medicine 5, S2 (2017): AB026. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2017.s026.

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Pan, Yan, Kai Hung Tiong, Badrul Amini Abd-Rashid, et al. "Inhibitory effects of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 by Labisia pumila extracts." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 143, no. 2 (2012): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.024.

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Polonikov, Alexey, Alexander Kharchenko, Marina Bykanova, et al. "Polymorphisms of CYP2C8 , CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 and risk of coronary heart disease in Russian population." Gene 627 (September 2017): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.004.

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Carano, Francesco, Stefania Sarno, Sara De Fanti, et al. "Genetic variability of CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genes across the Italian Peninsula." Annals of Human Biology 45, no. 1 (2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2017.1378368.

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CRETTOL, S., J. DEGLON, J. BESSON, et al. "Methadone enantiomer plasma levels, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9 genotypes, and response to treatment." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 78, no. 6 (2005): 593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clpt.2005.08.011.

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Bojić, Mirza, Martin Kondža, Hrvoje Rimac, Goran Benković, and Željan Maleš. "The Effect of Flavonoid Aglycones on the CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 Enzymes Activity." Molecules 24, no. 17 (2019): 3174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173174.

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Cytochromes P450 are major metabolic enzymes involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The majority of xenobiotics are metabolized in the liver, in which the highest levels of cytochromes P450 are expressed. Flavonoids are natural compounds to which humans are exposed through everyday diet. In the previous study, selected flavonoid aglycones showed inhibition of CYP3A4 enzyme. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if these flavonoids inhibit metabolic activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, and CYP2D6 enzymes. For this purpose, the O-deethylation reaction of phenacetin was use

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Hiratsuka, Masahiro. "Genetic Polymorphisms and in Vitro Functional Characterization of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 Allelic Variants." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39, no. 11 (2016): 1748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b16-00605.

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Vicente, Jorge, Fabricio González-Andrade, Antonia Soriano, Ana Fanlo, Begoña Martínez-Jarreta, and Blanca Sinués. "Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in Ecuadorian Mestizo and Spaniard populations: a comparative study." Molecular Biology Reports 41, no. 3 (2014): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-013-2971-y.

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Yasumori, Toshio, Lai-shun Chen, Qing-hua Li, et al. "Human CYP2C-mediated stereoselective phenytoin hydroxylation in Japanese: difference in chiral preference of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19." Biochemical Pharmacology 57, no. 11 (1999): 1297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00034-9.

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Speed, William C., Soonmo Peter Kang, David P. Tuck, Lyndsay N. Harris, and Kenneth K. Kidd. "Global variation in CYP2C8–CYP2C9 functional haplotypes." Pharmacogenomics Journal 9, no. 4 (2009): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tpj.2009.10.

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Krasniqi, Valon, Aleksandar Dimovski, Iva Klarica Domjanović, Ivan Bilić, and Nada Božina. "How polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 genes affect ibuprofen and diclofenac metabolism and toxicity / Kako polimorfizmi gena citokroma P450 utječu na metabolizam i toksičnost ibuprofena i diklofenaka." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 67, no. 1 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2754.

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Abstract Interindividual variability in drug metabolism is an important cause of adverse drug reactions and variability in drug efficiency. Polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) genes have a significant effect on drug metabolism and toxicity. This review brings an update about how genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 enzymes affect the disposition and clinical outcomes of ibuprofen and diclofenac, two of the most common pain relievers. The most common side effects associated with the influence of CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C9*2*3 variants on ibuprofen and diclofenac pharmacokinetics are hepatoto

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Veiga, M. I., S. Asimus, P. E. Ferreira, et al. "Pharmacogenomics of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and MDR1 in Vietnam." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 65, no. 4 (2008): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-008-0573-8.

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Gökalp, Osman, Arzu Gunes, Hakan Çam, et al. "Mild hypoglycaemic attacks induced by sulphonylureas related to CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2C8 polymorphisms in routine clinical setting." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 67, no. 12 (2011): 1223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-011-1078-4.

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Lavery, Daniel J., Luis Lopez-Molina, Raphael Margueron та ін. "Circadian Expression of the Steroid 15 α-Hydroxylase (Cyp2a4) and Coumarin 7-Hydroxylase (Cyp2a5) Genes in Mouse Liver Is Regulated by the PAR Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor DBP". Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, № 10 (1999): 6488–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.10.6488.

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ABSTRACT To study the molecular mechanisms of circadian gene expression, we have sought to identify genes whose expression in mouse liver is regulated by the transcription factor DBP (albumin D-site-binding protein). This PAR basic leucine zipper protein accumulates according to a robust circadian rhythm in nuclei of hepatocytes and other cell types. Here, we report that the Cyp2a4 gene, encoding the cytochrome P450 steroid 15α-hydroxylase, is a novel circadian expression gene. This enzyme catalyzes one of the hydroxylation reactions leading to further metabolism of the sex hormones testostero

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Kiang, T. K. L., P. C. Ho, M. R. Anari, V. Tong, F. S. Abbott, and T. K. H. Chang. "Contribution of CYP2C9, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 to Valproic Acid Metabolism in Hepatic Microsomes from Individuals with the CYP2C9*1/*1 Genotype." Toxicological Sciences 94, no. 2 (2006): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfl096.

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LEWIS, D. F. V., M. DICKINS, R. J. WEAVER, P. J. EDDERSHAW, P. S. GOLDFARB, and M. H. TARBIT. "Molecular modelling of human CYP2C subfamily enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP2C19: rationalization of substrate specificity and site-directed mutagenesis experiments in the CYP2C subfamily." Xenobiotica 28, no. 3 (1998): 235–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/004982598239542.

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Lim, Sharoen Yu Ming, Jason Siau Ee Loo, Mustafa Alshagga, Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, Chin Eng Ong, and Yan Pan. "In vitro and In silico studies of interactions of cathinone with human recombinant cytochrome P450 CYP(1A2), CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, and CYP3A5." Toxicology Reports 9 (2022): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.040.

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Antunes, Natalícia de Jesus, Fernanda de Lima Moreira, Karin Kipper, et al. "Prospective Prediction of Dapaconazole Clinical Drug–Drug Interactions Using an In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation Equation and PBPK Modeling." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 1 (2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16010028.

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This study predicted dapaconazole clinical drug–drug interactions (DDIs) over the main Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes using static (in vitro to in vivo extrapolation equation, IVIVE) and dynamic (PBPK model) approaches. The in vitro inhibition of main CYP450 isoenzymes by dapaconazole in a human liver microsome incubation medium was evaluated. A dapaconazole PBPK model (Simcyp version 20) in dogs was developed and qualified using observed data and was scaled up for humans. Static and dynamic models to predict DDIs following current FDA guidelines were applied. The in vitro dapaconazole inhib

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Yasar, Umit, Stefan Lundgren, Erik Eliasson, et al. "Linkage between the CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 299, no. 1 (2002): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02592-5.

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Denisenko, N. P., Sh P. Abdullaev, K. A. Akmalova, et al. "Structure of the distribution of genetic determinants of the efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the Russian population: focus on CYP2C8, PTGS1 and PTGS2." Modern Rheumatology Journal 16, no. 1 (2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1996-7012-2022-1-60-67.

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The efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be determined by the polymorphic nature of the CYP2C8, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes.Objective: to analyze the nature of the distribution of CYP2C8*3 (rs10509681), CYP2C8*3 (rs11572080), PTGS1 (rs10306135), PTGS1 (rs12353214) and PTGS2 (rs20417) among residents of the North Caucasus.Patients and methods. The study involved 676 volunteers from Russian, Balkar, Kabardian and Ossetian ethnic groups. Carriage of polymorphic markers CYP2C8, PTGS1 and PTGS2 was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results and discu

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Yim, Daeun, Min Jung Kim, Yumi Shin, Su-Jun Lee, Jae Gook Shin, and Dong Hyun Kim. "Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Activities by Sophora flavescens Extract and Its Prenylated Flavonoids in Human Liver Microsomes." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (March 13, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2673769.

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Sophora flavescens possesses several pharmacological properties and has been widely used for the treatment of diarrhea, inflammation, abscess, dysentery, and fever in East Asian countries. S. flavescens is a major source of prenylated flavonoids, such as sophoraflavone and kushenol. In this study, we examined the effects of S. flavescens extract and its prenylated flavonoids on cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform activity in human liver microsomes. The extract inhibited CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A activities, with IC50 values of 1.42, 13.6, 19.1, and 50 µg/mL, respectively. CYP2B6 was only in

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Seeringer, A., and J. Kirchheiner. "CYP2D6-, CYP2C9- und CYP2C19-basierte Arzneimitteldosisanpassungen." Der Internist 49, no. 7 (2008): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00108-008-2125-9.

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