To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cyperus.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cyperus'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cyperus.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Mekem, Sonwa Mesmin. "Isolation and structure elucidation of essential oil constituents comparative study of the oils of Cyperus alopecuroides, Cyperus papyrus, and Cyperus rotundus /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/372/diss.pdf.
Full text
2
Aldous, Allison. "Phenotypic plasticity in three species of Cyperus with contrasting mating systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55477.
Full textAbstract:
One postulated prerequisite for phenotypic plasticity to evolve in a population is gene flow among its members. To test this hypothesis, I compared the phenotypic plasticity of 3 congeneric nut-sedges (Cyperus: Cyperaceae) that are similar in size, cohabit sandy beaches, yet differ in their reproductive strategies. Cyperus strigosus reproduces sexually by seed, C. dentatus asexually by bulbils, tubers, and rhizomes, and C. esculentus by a combination of sexual seed and asexual rhizomes and tubers. I predicted that C. strigosus and C. esculentus would be most plastic due to their potential for gene migration, while the asexual C. dentatus would be less plastic. Progeny arrays from nine genotypes of each species were grown in a series of eight environments in growth chambers. I measured 15 vegetative and reproductive traits at maturity. Analysis of covariance indicated a plastic response to the environment for all traits as well as genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity for all but vegetative allocation traits. Indices of plasticity for each genotype were highest for C. esculentus genotypes for vegetative traits and for C. strigosus genotypes for reproductive traits. These results support the hypothesis that non-zero gene migration enables the evolution of phenotypic plasticity.
3
Corsino, Bianca Schner. "Arquitetura de Cyperus giganteus Vahl (Cyperaceae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/28089.
Full text
4
Sterkenburg, Neilda Jane. "Intraspecific competition in yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59234.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of intraspecific competition on the growth and reproduction of yellow nutsedge. A field experiment was conducted to examine twelve tuber densities of yellow nutsedge, ranging from 1 to 1000 tubers/m$ sp2$. Results indicate that spring tuber populations of 100 tubers/m$ sp2$ and lower require close to 100% control of the infestation in order to prevent the yellow nutsedge population from increasing. Yellow nutsedge spring tuber population does not appear to influence tuber distribution in the soil profile. All tuber densities examined produced the greatest proportion of tubers in the top 20 cm of the soil profile. Tuber and shoot production increased as initial yellow nutsedge tuber populations increased from 1 to 1000 tubers/m$ sp2$, as did tuber and shoot biomass. Consequently, intraspecific competition does not appear to come into effect at tuber populations of 1000 tubers/m$ sp2$ and less.Predictions were made to determine the spread of yellow nutsedge based on an infestation of a single tuber. A single yellow nutsedge tuber could grow to infest an area of 50 m$ sp2$ in 5 years. Information concerning the effect of spring tuber density on the reproduction and spread of yellow nutsedge should be used in formulating control strategies for this weed.
5
Lacroix, Mireille 1958. "Cropping to suppress yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65450.
Full text
6
Cloutier, Daniel. "Population dynamics of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74003.
Full text
7
Lapham, J. "The population dynamics of the weed, Cyperus esculentus L." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354085.
Full text
8
Wong, Ching Chi. "The role of mycorrhizae associated with vetiveria zizaniodes and cyperus polystachyos in the remediation of metal (lead and zinc) contaminated soils." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/414.
Full text
9
Martinez-Diaz, Gerardo 1959. "Allelopathy of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) on cotton (Gossypium)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282406.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of extracts from purple nutsedge tubers were determined on the germination, growth, root leakage, water status, and photosynthesis of an Upland cotton, DPL 5415, and a Pima cotton, Pima S-7. Tubers extracts inhibited secondary root growth of seedlings more than primary root growth. At 500 ppmw, primary root growth was inhibited 44 percent whereas inhibition of secondary root growth was 64 percent. Non-polar extracts were more inhibitory to growth than polar extracts. Cotton plants grown in soil treated with hexane extracts of tubers containing non-polar allelopathic substances also lost electrolytes from their roots indicating an effect on root function. The effects on root function resulted in perturbations to the capacity of the plants to maintain efficient water status. At 250 ppmw of the hexane extract, the plant water potential, the leaf water content, and the leaf osmotic potential decreased from -0.7 to -1.3 MPa, from 89 to 79 percent, and from -0.8 to -1.0 MPa, respectively. In addition, the photosynthetic capacity of cotton was decreased 50 percent in both cotton cultivars in the second and third day after transplanting to soil treated with 62 ppmw of the hexane extracts. Leaf dehydration to below 70 percent relative water content and a reduction of quantum yield was detected in DPL 5415 at 125 ppmw of the hexane extracts. However, Pima S-7 was capable of tolerating higher levels of dehydration and did not show the reduction of quantum yield. Leaf expansion and epicotyl growth were also inhibited by 30 and 37 percent, respectively, by the hexane extracts at 250 ppmw. Purple nutsedge tubers released volatile substances that inhibited growth when trapped and tested on cotton seedlings, and caused root leakage. GC analyses showed that both the hexane extracts of purple nutsedge tubers and the volatile compounds released from the tubers contained substances with retention times that are characteristic of sesquiterpenes. These results demonstrate that purple nutsedge tubers contain allelopathic substances capable of inhibiting the growth of cotton by interfering with membranes of root cells, disrupting water status, and affecting photosynthesis.
10
Leblanc, Maryse. "Efficacy and economics of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) management systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59571.
Full textAbstract:
Cropping systems were: corn + atrazine + EPTC/dichlormid; corn + atrazine + metolachlor; corn + atrazine + bentazon; corn + EPTC/dichlormid intercropped with red clover as green manure or managed as forage crop in the following year; alfalfa + EPTC; soybean + metalachlor + metribuzin; sorghum as green manure followed by winter wheat; and spring barley + diclofop-methyl + bromoxynil. Control treatments were yellow nutsedge growing in a pure stand and complete yellow nutsedge control. After two growing seasons in experiment #1, the tuber population had decreased in all cropping systems. Yellow nutsedge was reduced to 9% of the initial population under perfect control while it tripled in the pure stand. After the first growing season in the second experiment, only corn intercropped with red clover significantly reduced yellow nutsedge population by 17%. When the systems were not treated with herbicides, the yellow nutsedge population increased between 41 to 180% in all cropping systems. There was a significant relation between yellow nutsedge, broadleaf weed and grass densities and yellow nutsedge tuber production. Corn was the most profitable cropping system. The least economically advantageous cropping system was barley.
11
Santos, Ana Lúcia Mendes do. "Estudo químico e biológico de Cyperus rotundus l. aclimatada no Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5185.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Marcela Carvalho (marcelaalfaia@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-02T14:17:43Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Tese Ana Lucia Mendes dos santos.pdf: 2827118 bytes, checksum: 67095a1789840bc1538a1ada064d7ff6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-09-15T16:11:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese Ana Lucia Mendes dos santos.pdf: 2827118 bytes, checksum: 67095a1789840bc1538a1ada064d7ff6 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-09-15T16:17:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese Ana Lucia Mendes dos santos.pdf: 2827118 bytes, checksum: 67095a1789840bc1538a1ada064d7ff6 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T16:17:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese Ana Lucia Mendes dos santos.pdf: 2827118 bytes, checksum: 67095a1789840bc1538a1ada064d7ff6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-16
CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This work describes the isolation, identification structural of the chemical constituents of Cyperus rotundus, acclimatized in the Amazon, as well as seasonal variation of the essential oil extracted from the tubers collected at different times of the year, besides the ability to sequester radical DPPH, enzymatic assays as elastase, tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, cytotoxic assay against Artemia salina larvae and colorimetric assay against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. From the hexane extract obtained from the tubers was identified mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol steroids, and the ester ethyl hexadecanoate. The ethyl acetate extract was identified a mixture of cyclic oxygenated sesquiterpenes characterized as α-cyperone and cyperotundone and the ferulic acid. Extract in methanol was isolated d-mannitol and ergosterol peroxide. From inflorescence hexane extract was identified mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol steroids and in methanol extract was isolated luteolin. The essential oil composition was analyzed by a combination of GC- MS and GC-FID, the results reveal variation in the content of essential oil in the dry rainy, as well as qualitative variation of the main constituents depending on the time of year when tubers were collected. The major components of the essential oil were identified β-selineno (5.79 to 7.34%), caryophyllene oxide (from 4.68 to 7.47%), cipereno (10.64 to 18.62%), ciperotundona (13.78 to 24.72%) and α-ciperona (20.34 to 23.73%). In the quantitative assay of scavenging free radicals, the methanol extract of the inflorescence and luteolin showed strong antioxidant activity. In enzymatic assays against elastase and tyrosinase, the extracts and isolated compounds showed weak activity. In enzyme assay against α-glucosidase the hexane extracts (tubers and inflorescences) and the essential oil showed strong activity with IC50 = 2,75 ; 12.75 and 15.17 μg/mL , respectively. The result of the LD50 assay with Artemia salina shows low toxicity to the hexane extract and essential oil and moderate toxicity of the extract in ethyl acetate and methanol. In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity hexane extract (tubers) and the essential oil showed strong inhibition against Gram positive bacteria and against yeast and methanol extract (inflorescence) and d-mannitol showed high activity against Candida albicans. In assessing the activity of inhibiting microbial adhesion and the essential oil d- mannitol reduced by about 50 % the capacity of biofilm formation with Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, respectively. The results of the colorimetric assay performed in vitro directed the leishmanicidal action against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis revealed significant activity for hexane extract (IC = 3.65 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (IC = 4.29 μg/mL) and the essential oil (IC = 5.07 μ/mL). From the tubers were isolated and identified six genera of endophytic fungi, with the most frequent Colletotrichum.
O presente trabalho descreve o isolamento a identificação estrutural dos contituintes químicos de Cyperus rotundus, aclimatada no Amazonas, bem como, a avaliação sazonal do óleo essencial extraído dos tubérculos que foram coletados em diferentes épocas do ano, além das atividades de sequestro do radical DPPH, ensaios enzimáticos elastase, tirosinase e α-glucosidase, ensaio citotóxico contra larvas de Artemia salina e ensaio colorimétrico contra formas promastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis. A partit do extrato hexânico obtido dos tubérculos foram identificados uma mistura dos esteróides β-sitosterol e estigmasterol e o ester hexadecanoato de etila. Do extrato em acetato de etila foi identificada uma mistura binária de sesquiterpenos oxigenados cíclicos caracterizados como α-ciperona e ciperotundona e o ácido ferulico. Do extrato em metanol foi isolado o d-manitol e o peróxido de ergosterol. Do extrato hexânico obtido da inflorescência foi identificada a mistura de esteróides β-sistosterol e estigmasterol e do extrato em metanol foi isolada a luteolina. A composição do óleo essencial foi analisada por uma combinação de CGAR-EM e CG-DIC. Os resultados revelaram variação no teor do óleo essencial no período seco e chuvoso, bem como variação qualitativa dos principais constituintes em função da época do ano em que os tubérculos foram coletados. Os componentes majoritários do óleo essencial identificados foram β-selineno (5,79 a 7,34%), óxido de cariofileno (4,68 a 7,47%), cipereno (10,64 a 18,62%), ciperotundona (13,78 a 24,72%) e α-ciperona (20,34 a 23,73%). No ensaio quantitativo de sequestro de radicais livres, o extrato em metanol da inflorescência e a luteolina revelaram forte atividade antioxidante. Nos ensaios enzimáticos frente elastase e tirosinase, os extratos e substâncias isoladas apresentaram fraca atividade inibitória. No ensaio enzimático frente α-glucosidase os extratos hexânicos (tubérculos e inflorescência) e o óleo essencial apresentaram forte atividade inibitória com CI50 = 2,75; 12,75 e 15,17 μg/mL, respectivamente. O resultado da DL50 do ensaio realizado com Artemia salina L. revelou baixa toxicidade para o extrato em hexano e óleo essencial e moderada toxicidade do extrato em acetato de etila e em metanol. Na avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana o extrato hexânico (tubérculos) e o óleo essencial apresentaram forte inibição contra as bactérias Gram positivas e contra a levedura e o extrato metanólico (inflorescência) e o d-manitol apresentaram elevada atividade contra Candida albicans. Na avaliação da atividade de inibição de adesão microbiana o óleo essencial e d-manitol reduziram em cerca de 50% a capacidade de formação do biofilme com Enterococus faecalis e Candida albicans, respectivamente. Os resultados do teste colorimétrico realizados in vitro dirigidos à ação leishmanicida, contra formas promastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis, revelaram significativa atividade para o extrato hexânico (CI50 = 3,65 μg/mL), acetato de etila (CI50 = 4,29 μg/mL) e o óleo essencial (CI50 = 5,07 μg/mL). A partir dos tubérculos foram isolados e identificados seis gêneros de fungos endofíticos, sendo de maior ocorrência o Colletotrichum.
12
Biz, Andressa Ricci. "Comunidade de fungos endofíticos coabitando raízes de espécies vegetais em área úmida e sua atividade antimicrobiana." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/541.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-30T15:13:46Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
DISS_2014_Andressa Ricci Biz.pdf: 1595405 bytes, checksum: 678cb2aaf2e53ef2dfc8270dd2333e0b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-11-08T13:16:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Andressa Ricci Biz.pdf: 1595405 bytes, checksum: 678cb2aaf2e53ef2dfc8270dd2333e0b (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T13:16:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Andressa Ricci Biz.pdf: 1595405 bytes, checksum: 678cb2aaf2e53ef2dfc8270dd2333e0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28
CAPES
Neste estudo investigamos a similaridade entre comunidades de fungos endofíticos nas raízes de Paspalum wrightii e nas coabitantes Cyperus esculentus e Vockysia divergens coletadas no Pantanal norte do Brasil, além da atividade antimicrobiana das linhagens. Para tal, foi realizada a coleta das três espécies vegetais, e posteriormente foi realizado isolamento de fungos endofíticos presentes em suas raízes. Placas de Petri contendo meio mineral e plântulas assépticas de V. divergens foram utilizadas para a deposição de fragmentos de um cm de raízes após a desinfestação superficial. Durante 15 dias foi feito o isolamento dos fungos presentes, através da transferência para uma nova placa contendo meio de cultura batata dextrose ágar. A identificação foi realizada através de técnicas macro e micromorfológicas, além da confirmação com a extração de DNA e PCR. Seguiu-se então com o teste de endofitismo, que consistia em reinocular os fungos nas plântulas assépticas de V. divergens seguido de observação de estruturas típicas de DSE (hifa marrom septada e microesclerócio). A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada através da inoculação dos fungos nas placas de Petri contendo inicialmente as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli e posteriormente com patógenos resistentes. Ainda utilizando-se raízes coletadas, essas foram diafanizadas e posteriormente foi realizado a contagem de estruturas típicas de fungos dark septate e micorrízico arbuscular. O solo da área da coleta também foi coletado, com intuito de realizar a contagem de esporos do mesmo, em placas de petri quadriculadas. Foi possível isolar 391 fungos das três espécies vegetais, sendo separados em 203 morfotipos diferentes e obtendo-se um total de 14 confirmados como sendo DSE. A identificação molecular confirmou a existência de 81 espécies diferentes, sendo separadas entre os filos Ascomycota (97,8%, das ordens Capnodiales, Chaetosphaeriales, Diaporthales, Eurotiales, Glomerellales, Helotiales, Hypocreales, Magnaporthales, Mycroascales, Pleosporales e Sordariales), Basidiomycota (1,1%, das ordens Agaricales e Tremellales) e Zygomycota (0,8% da ordem Mucorales), sendo Eurotiales a ordem mais abundante com 34,2%. Nove espécies eram compartilhadas entre C. esculentus e V. divergens.deste total 67,7% estavam conectando as raízes das plantas. A atividade inibitória contra patógenos resistentes a antibióticos foi observada em 19 morfotipos, demonstrando o grande potencial dos fungos endofíticos. A contagem de estruturas típicas de DSE e FMA mostrou que todas as espécies eram colonizadas por tais fungos. A contagem de esporos do solo mostrou uma quantidade superior ao encontrado na literatura, demonstrando a grande densidade de fungos tanto no solo como nas raízes de espécies presentes no Pantanal. Sugere-se um estudo mais aprofundado das variáveis e da diversidade para posterior entendimento da dinâmica de tais fungos presentes no Pantanal de Poconé/MT.
We investigated the similarity between communities of endophytic fungi in the roots of Paspalum wrightii and cohabiting in Cyperus esculentus and Vockysia divergens collected in northern Pantanal of Brazil, and the antimicrobial activity of the strains. To this end, the collection of the three plant species was performed, and was subsequently performed isolation of endophytic fungi present in their roots. Petri plates containing mineral and V. divergens aseptic seedlings were used for fragments of a deposition cm root after surface disinfection. For 15 days was done the isolation of fungi present, by transfer to a new plate containing culture medium potato dextrose agar. The identification was performed by macro and micromorphological techniques, besides confirming with the DNA extraction and PCR. Then followed with the endofitismo test, which consisted of re-inoculate the fungus aseptic seedlings of V. divergens followed by observation of typical structures of DSEs (brown septate hyphae and microesclerócio). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by inoculation of the fungus in petri dishes containing initially Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria and subsequently with resistant pathogens. Still using roots collected, these were cleared and subsequently counting structures typical of dark septate fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal was performed. The soil in the area of collection was also collected in order to perform the spore count the same in the checkered petri plates. 391 It was possible to isolate fungi from the three plant species are separated into different morphotypes and 203 yielding a total of 14 confirmed as DSE. The molecular identification confirmed the existence of 81 different species, separated between the phyla Ascomycota (97.8% of orders Capnodiales, Chaetosphaeriales, Diaporthales, Eurotiales, Glomerellales, Helotiales, Hypocreales, Magnaporthales, Mycroascales, Pleosporales and Sordariales), Basidiomycota (1.1% of the orders Agaricales and Tremellales) and Zygomycota (Mucorales 0.8%) being the most abundant Eurotiales order with 34.2%. Nine species were shared between C. esculentus and V. divergens. deste overall 67.7% were connecting the plant roots. The inhibitory activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens was observed in 19 morphotypes, demonstrating the great potential of endophytic fungi. The count of typical structures AMF and DSE showed that all species were colonized by these fungi. The spore count of the soil showed a higher amount to that found in the literature, demonstrating the high density of fungi in the soil as the roots of species in the Pantanal. Further study of the variables and diversity for further understanding of the dynamics of such fungi present in the Pantanal of Poconé/MT is suggested.
13
Arendartchuk, Cleiton. "Preparados homeopáticos e cinzas dinamizadas no manejo de tiririca-roxa (Cyperus rotundus L.)." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2017. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2410.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-01T15:11:23Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
PGPV17MA226.pdf: 296583 bytes, checksum: 632e5c3fdc904ca285838ae8f37c238d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-01T15:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV17MA226.pdf: 296583 bytes, checksum: 632e5c3fdc904ca285838ae8f37c238d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24
The Cyperus rotundus L. is a perennial and spontaneous herbaceous plant that infers an area of human interest and interferes detrimentally in agricultural activities. Seeking alternatives for a reduction of competition between cultivated and spontaneous plants that can be applied mainly by agroecological farmers, this work had the objective of evaluating the efficiency of C. rotundus biodynamic ashes and High dynamized dilution on C. rotundus control. The studies were conducted from September 2015 to January 2016, in a greenhouse at the Curitibanos Campus of University Federal of the Santa Catarina. The sample was tray 50.5 x 30 x 8 cm, planted ten tubers, repeated four times. In double blind where there are homeopathies. The experiments with ashes of purple nutsedge differed dates 09/12/15 and 09/26/15: T1-control; T2 -20% acetic acid; T3-ash at 30, 31 and 32 days after plan (DAP); T4-ash at 30, 31 and 32 + 60, 61 and 62 (DAP); T5-ash at 30, 31 and 32 + 60, 61 and 62 + 90, 91 and 92 (DAP); T6 - ashes at 30, 31 and 32 + 60, 61 and 62 + 90, 91 and 92 + 120, 121 and 122 (DAP). The experiment with homeopathies: T1- Magnesia carbonica CH10 (centesimal hahnemanniana), T2- Saccharum officinale CH10, T3-Natrum arsenicum CH10, T4-Limestone CH10, T5-control; 20% T6-acid at 35 and 70 (DAP). The weight of the tubers 4.75 ± 0.15 gr per plot; Seeded in sterilized soil, in a greenhouse with irrigation. The double-blind homeopathic applied at 30, 60, 90 and 120 (DAP). Comments extended around 4.5 months. The results were compared by the student's test and then variance when significant. Treatment with 20% acetic acid seeded (09/26/15) - ash tends to better controls with a mean of 47% up to a maximum of 76% mortality. The acid can collaborate without control, with later researches.
A tiririca roxa (Cyperus rotundus L.) planta herbácea perene prejudicial à agropecuária. Avaliaram-se cinzas dinamizadas de tiririca roxa e preparados homeopáticos no seu controle. A amostra foi bandeja 50,5 X 30 X 8 cm, plantado dez tubérculos, repetida quatro vezes. Em duplo cego onde houver homeopatias. Os experimentos com cinzas de tiririca roxa diferiram datas 12/09/15 e 26/09/15: T1-testemunha; T2 –ácido acético a 20%; T3-cinzas aos 30, 31 e 32 dias após plantio (DAP); T4-cinzas aos 30, 31 e 32 + 60, 61 e 62 (DAP); T5-cinzas aos 30, 31 e 32 + 60, 61 e 62 + 90, 91 e 92 (DAP); T6 – cinzas aos 30, 31 e 32 + 60, 61 e 62 + 90, 91 e 92 + 120, 121 e 122 (DAP). O experimento com homeopatias: T1- Magnesia carbonica na CH10 (centesimal hahnemanniana), T2- Saccharum officinale CH10, T3- Natrum arsenicosum CH10, T4- Calcário dolomítico CH10, T5- testemunha (sem intervenção) e T6 - herbicida alternativo (ácido acético a 20%). O tratamento T6 foi utilizado como testemunha aos 35 e 70 dias após a emergência à aplicação do ácido. Os homeopáticos aplicaram-se aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 (DAP). Em todos os experimentos foi avaliado: a) germinação semanal iniciada um mês após o plantio (MAP), b) altura de plantas, c) diâmetro de cada colmo inicial e dos perfilhos nascidos depois de dois (MAP), d) mortalidade semanal decorrido um (MAP); e) pesagem de fração de 30% da matéria fresca de folhas para o teste de matéria seca; f) pesagem da matéria fresca total aérea; g) pesagem da matéria fresca total das raízes e tubérculos; h) pesagem de fração de 30% da matéria fresca de folhas para o teste de matéria seca de folhas; i) pesagem de fração de 30% da matéria fresca de raízes para o teste de matéria seca de raízes e tubérculos; e j) contagem dos perfilhos totais por tratamento após 30 (DAP). Os dados submetidos à análise de variância e comparados pelo teste t de Student a 5% quando significativo. As cinzas dinamizadas e os preparados homeopáticos avaliados apresentaram efeito discreto a nulo sobre as seguintes variáveis: a, b, c, d, e, f. O ácido acético a 20% promoveu morte de até 76% de plantas de C. rotundus e as médias de mortalidade durante a avaliação foram de 47%, 14,8%, 9,6% para os tratamentos com ácido 17 acético a 20% os experimentos: cinzas 26 09; cinzas 12 09 e homeopatias 12 09 respectivamente. Serão necessários estudos para ajustes de cinzas dinamizados e preparados homeopáticos no controle da tiririca. O preparado a base de ácido acético a 20% pode ser usado com outras técnicas agroecológicas, por apresentar viabilidade
14
Castell, Zeising Vicente. "Determinacion y tipificacion agronomica de clones de chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) cultivadas en L'horta Nord de Valencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/5021.
Full textAbstract:
LA PRESENTE TESIS DCOCTORAL ABORDA UN ESTUDIO COMPLEMENTARIO A NUMEROSOS TRABAJOS DE INVESTIGACION LLEVADOS A CABO EN EL DPTO. DE PRODUCCION VEGETAL DE LA U.P.V. SOBRE DIVERSOS ASPECTOS AGRONOMICOS DEL CULTIVO DE CYPERUS ESCULENTUS VAR. SATIVUS (CHUFA). TRAS HABERSE LLEVADO A CABO UNA SELECCION CLONAL, TANTO CON PARTE DEL MATERIAL VEGETAL CULTIVADO EN L'HORTA NORD DE VALENCIA COMO CON MATERIAL FORANEO, SE HA TIPIFICADO ESTE DESDE UNOS PUNTOS DE VISTA MORFOLOGICO Y AGRONOMICO. SE HAN REALIZADO ESTUDIO MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS SOBRE LAS PLANTAS (ALTURA DE PLANTAS, NUMERO DE BROTES POR PLANTA, EMISION DE INFLORESCENCIAS, EVOLUCION DEL ENCAMADO) Y SOBRE LOS TUBERCULOS (PESO UNITARIO, FORMA (RELACION LONGITUD0ANCHURA), NUMERO DE NUDOS). OTROS ESTUDIOS HAN ABARCADO ASPECTOS PRODUCTIVOS (RENDIMIENTOS, PRODUCCION DE MASA FOLIAR, NUMRO DE TUBERCULOS PRODUCIDOS POR PLANTA) Y LA COMPOSICION QUMICA DE LOS TUBERCULOS (ALMIDON, GRASAS, AZUCARES, PROTEINAS, FIBRA, CENIZAS). ASIMISMO, SE HAN ANALIZADO LAS PROPIEDADES ORGANOLEPTICAS DE LAS HORCHATAS ELABORADAS CON TUBERCULOS DE LOS DISTINTOS CLONES, ASI COMO LA COMPOSICION QUIMICA DE LAS MISMAS. CON TODOS LOS PARAMETROS CONSIDERADOS Y TRAS HABERSE OBTENIDO RESULTADOS DE TRES CAMPAÑAS, SE HA ANALIZADO SU HEREDABILIDAD Y SE HAN PLANTEADO ANALISIS DISCRIMINANTES. DE ESTE MODO HA SIDO POSIBLE DEFINIR GRUPOS DE CLONES CON SIMILAR COMPORTAMIENTO (CUATRO CULTIVARES, DOS DE ELLOS OBTENIDOS A PARTIR DE DOS CLONES CADA UNO) Y SUS PRINCIPALES CARACTERISTICAS, SENTANDO UNAS BASES FIRMES PARA EL PLANTEAMIENTO DE FUTUROS ESTUDIOS DE SELECCION Y MEJORA DEL MATERIAL VEGETAL DE C. ESCULENTUS, TANTO CULTIVADO COMO SUSCEPTIBLE DE SERLO.Castell Zeising, V. (1996). Determinacion y tipificacion agronomica de clones de chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) cultivadas en L'horta Nord de Valencia [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/5021
Palancia
15
Amoatey, Christiana Adukwei. "Studies on interference effects of Cyperus rotundus and Cynodon dactylon with horticultural crops." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422772.
Full text
16
Martins, José Pedro Montanha Meireles. "Identificação e quantificação de exsudados libertados pelas raízes da planta Cyperus eragrostis LamarcK." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9573.
Full text
17
Ayeni, Olutoyosi Olaide. "Growth responses within the Genus Cyperus exposed to aluminium and iron in hydroponics." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2430.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (DTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Generally, aluminium (Al) is required as a micronutrient by plants. The metabolism of Al within the plant can exert a number of effects within the plant. These include: interfering with cell division in both root tips and lateral roots, increasing cell wall rigidity, maintaining the correct cellular redox state, as well as the various other physiological and growth responses. Al is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust and becomes toxic in many plants when the concentration is greater than 2-3 ppm, where the soil has a pH<5.5. Iron (Fe) is an equally important element, and the toxicity of this metal possesses constraints primarily on wetland plants growing in acidic soils that have high reducible iron content. The impact of metal toxicity (Al and Fe) requires an understanding of many aspects related to Al and Fe uptake, transport and distribution by plants in wetland ecosystems. In this study, three species of Cyperus viz. Cyperus alternifolius, Cyperus prolifer and Cyperus textilis were used to carry out phytotoxicity tests to monitor xenobiotic substances.
18
Martins, Silva Shirley. "Análise anatômica e ultra-estrutural em Cyperus S.L. (Cyperaceae) do Nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2007. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/929.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:06:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
arquivo4844_1.pdf: 1505005 bytes, checksum: b40ad94d9282df3ed95cefccc442c107 (MD5)
license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2007Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Cyperus s.l. é formado por Cyperus s.s. e outros gêneros relacionados que já estiveram dentro de sua circunscrição ou apresentam uma íntima relação. Este grupo é um dos poucos de Cyperaceae a apresentar espécies C3 e C4, estas últimas do tipo clorociperóide. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a anatomia e ultra-estrutura dos órgãos fotossintéticos de espécies de Cyperus s.l. ocorrentes no Nordeste do Brasil, visando fornecer subsídios para taxonomia e filogenia do grupo, além de informações no âmbito da anatomia ecológica. Neste trabalho foram estudadas 43 espécies de Cyperus s.l.: Cyperus s.s.(30), Pycreus (6), Kyllinga (5), Lipocarpha (2) e Remirea (1). A análise multivariada realizada com caracteres anatômicos de folhas ou brácteas e escapo de 148 populações pertencentes a 42 espécies mostrou a formação de três grupos principais: Grupo I (espécies com anatomia Kranz), Grupo II (espécies sem anatomia Kranz) e Grupo III (espécies com e sem anatomia Kranz). Os dados obtidos nestas análises evidenciaram aspectos relevantes para discussão de posicionamentos taxonômicos, além de fornecer subsídios para interpretações filogenéticas. O estudo ultra-estrutural realizado em sete espécies Kranz pertencentes a Cyperus, Kyllinga e Remirea confirmou a indicação do tipo clorociperóide com o subtipo bioquímico NAPD-málico. Alguns aspectos ultra-estruturais são comuns como a presença de cloroplastos centrífugos, agranais ou com grana reduzido na células Kranz, diferente dos do parênquima radiado que apresnetam grana desenvolvido e bem estruturado. O número de cloroplastos, desenvolvimento do retículo periférico, a presença e quantidade de grãos de amido, entre outros caracteres apresentam variação entre as espécies, porém essas diferenças não são relevantes no grupo, contribuindo com a indicação de única origem da via C4 em Cyperus s.l. Pela particularidade do habitat, foram estudados os caracteres anatômicos e ultra-estruturais de Cyperus maritimus Poir. visando identificar caracteres adaptativos ao ambiente de dunas litorâneas. Entre os caracteres considerados importantes para plantas submetidas a estresse hídrico e salino, como os ocorrentes em dunas litorâneas, foram observados a presença de ceras epicuticulares, células epidérmicas com paredes espessas, parênquima aqüífero e síndrome Kranz
19
Silva, Luciana Pereira da. "Estudo taxonômico de Cyperus subg. Pycreus (P.Beauv.) A. Gray (Cyperaceae) para o Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/179661.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Florianópolis, 2017Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T04:11:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 347953.pdf: 6614028 bytes, checksum: dbe6fad108589175837f6a746eebca78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
Cyperaceae é uma grande família cosmopolita de monocotiledôneas. No Brasil é a terceira família mais representativa do domínio fitogeográfico Pampa, sendo também representativa no Pantanal, Caatinga e Floresta Amazônica. Cyperus é o segundo maior gênero da família, com cerca de 950 espécies amplamente distribuídas. Cyperus subg. Pycreus possui cerca de 120 espécies com distribuição Pantropical. As espécies deste subgênero são caracterizadas pela combinação de ovário bicarpelar, estilete bífido, aquênios lateralmente achatados e espiguetas plurifloras. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo taxonômico de Cyperus subg. Pycreus como forma de contribuir ao conhecimento da diversidade do subgênero no Brasil. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com base em levantamento bibliográfico, coletas, revisão de herbários e análises morfológicas. Foi reconhecida a ocorrência de 14 espécies (C. barrosianus, C. capillifolius, C. flavescens, C. fugax, C. jaeggii, C. lanceolatus, C. lorentzianus, C. macrostachyos, C. megapotamicus, C. mundii, C. niederleinianus, C. polystachyos, C. pumilus e C. unioloides) e três novas espécies foram descritas (C. tuckerianus, Cyperus sp. 1 e Cyperus sp. 2). Para todas as espécies são fornecidas descrições, ilustrações, dados da distribuição, habitat, informações sobre floração e frutificação, além de características macro e micromorfológicas dos frutos.
Abstract: Cyperaceae is a large cosmopolitan family of monocotyledons. In Brazil, this is the third most representative family of the Pampa phytogeographic domain, being also representative in the Pantanal, Caatinga and Amazon Rainforest. Cyperus is the second largest genus of Cyperaceae, with about 950 species widely distributed. Cyperus subg. Pycreus has about 120 species with Pantropical distribution. The species of this subgenus are characterized by the combination of ovary bicarpelar, style bifid, achene laterally flattened, and by spikelets pluriflowered. The present work aimed to carry out a taxonomic study of Cyperus subg. Pycreus as a way to contribute to the knowledge of the subgenus diversity in Brazil. The work was developed based on bibliographical survey, collections in field, herbarium review and morphological analyzes. It was confirmed the occurrence of 14 species (C. barrosianus, C. capillifolius, C. flavescens, C. fugax, C. jaeggii, C. lanceolatus, C. lorentzianus, C. macrostachyos, C. megapotamicus, C. mundii, C. niederleinianus, C. polystachyos, C. pumilus and C. unioloides) and the description of three new species (C. tuckerianus, Cyperus sp. 1 and Cyperus sp. 2). For all species we provide descriptions, illustrations, distribution data, habitat, information on flowering and fruiting, and macro and micromorphological characteristics of the achenes.
20
Martins, José Pedro Montanha Meireles. "Identificação e quantificação de exsudados libertados pelas raízes da planta Cyperus eragrostis LamarcK." Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9573.
Full text
21
Marí, León Ana Isabel. "Acolchados y su efecto sobre el control y la biología de la juncia (Cyperus rotundus L.) o Mulches and their effect on control and biology of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669253.
Full textAbstract:
Una de les males herbes més problemàtiques a nivell mundial es el Cyperus rotundus L. (castanyola) i els encoixinats de polietilè ,utilitzats ampliament, no són capaços de controlar-la, a més, aquests generen una quantitat de residus al final del cicle del cultiu que no són gestionats correctament amb el problema mediambiental que això comporta. Els encoixinats biodegradables plàstics i papers s’han estudiat per tal d’obtenir alternatives viables al polietilè tant econòmicament com agronòmicament. Per això es varen dur a terme una bateria d’assajos a on es va poder establir que els encoixinats biodegradables obtenen una producció igual al polietilè, que el control de males herbes es molt alt exceptuant per la castanyola, que només és controlada per els papers. Hi ha elevada varietat en el comportament mecànic dels materials per lo que cal triar l’idoni per cada situació. De l’estudi econòmic podem concloure que aquests materials necessiten ajuda econòmica per tal de poder competir amb el polietilè.Una de las malas hierbas más problemáticas a nivel mundial es el Cyperus rotundus L. (juncia) y los acolchados de polietileno, utilizados ampliamente, no son capaces de controlarla, además, estos generan una cantidad de residuos al final del ciclo del cultivo que no son gestionados correctamente con el problema medioambiental que esto conlleva. Los acolchados biodegradables plásticos y papeles se han estudiado para obtener alternativas viables al polietileno tanto económicamente como agronómicamente. Por ello, se llevaron a cabo una batería de ensayos donde se pudo establecer que los acolchados biodegradables obtienen una producción igual al polietileno, que el control de malas hierbas es muy alto excepto por la juncia, que solo es controlada por los papeles. Hay una elevada variedad en el comportamiento físico de los materiales por lo que se debe elegir el idóneo para cada situación. Del estudio económico podemos concluir que estos materiales necesitan ayuda económica para poder competir con el polietileno.
One of the more troublesome weeds in a worldwide level is Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) and the polyethylene mulch, widely used, do not control it, moreover, they generate a high quantity of residue at the end of the crop cycle and it entails environmental problems. Plastic and paper biodegradable mulches have been studied to obtain viable alternatives to polyethylene both economically and agronomically. Thus, a battery of essays were carried out from which it can be stablished biodegradable mulches obtained equal production as the obtained with polyethylene, the weed control is very high except for the purple nutsedge, which can only be controlled by paper mulches. There is a high variety in the mechanical behaviour of the materials so that the most suitable material has to be chosen for every situation. From the economic study, it can be affirmed that these materials need economical support in order to compete with polyethylene.
22
Ruotsalainen, Daniel. "Analysis of organic compounds in the rhizosphere soil of Cyperus rotundus using LC-MS." Thesis, KTH, Kemi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291534.
Full textAbstract:
Den presenterade studien hade som syfte att utveckla en extraktions-, provpreparerings- och analysmetod för jorden, i vilken gräset Cyperus rotundus växer, i ett försök att identifiera möjliga äggläggningsattraherande ämnen för myggan Anopheles gambiae. Högupplösande vätskekromatografi med hydrofob stationär fas (RP-HPLC, en.) med Masspektrometri med Elektrosprejjonisering (ESI-MS, en.) användes för separation och detektion av de extraherade proverna. Ett flertal extraktionssatser gjordes, där parametrar och tekniker ändrades under utvecklingen av arbetet. Ultraljudsassisterad extraktion (UAE) av jord i en 50:50 (v/v) blandning av metanol och vatten visades vara mest effektiv av de undersökta metoderna. Upprening av jordextraktioner med fastfasextraktion (SPE, en.) visades ha en positiv inverkan på signalintensiteten i kromatogrammen såväl som att reducera intensiteten av de systemtoppar som eluerar vid dödtiden. Detta indikerar att de poläraste ämnena har renats bort. En jämförelse gjordes mellan en extraktion av jord som legat i blöt i fem dagar och jord som extraherats utan att blötläggas. En skillnad kunde ses och visades genom att jämföra kromatogram och masspektra från de två proverna. Tandem-MS-experiment gjordes för ett flertal prekursorjoner med avsikt att identifiera ämnena genom jämförelse med databaserna Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), Metlin och Massbank, men inga överrensstämmande jämförelser kunde göras. Tandem-MS-resultaten användes även för att jämföra efter varandra följande kromatografiska toppar med liknande MS1-spektrum. En identifieringsmetod bör utvecklas innan metoden som presenterats i detta arbete valideras och vidareutvecklas.The present study aimed to develop an extraction, sample preparation and analysis method for the rhizosphere soil of the grass Cyperus rotundus in an attempt to identify possible oviposition attractants of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito. Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled online with Electrospray Ionization Mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used for the separation and detection of the extracted samples. Multiple extraction batches were done, altering parameters and techniques along the way. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of the soil with a 50:50 (v/v) mixture of methanol and water was determined to be the most effective of the attempted methods. Purifying soil extracts with Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) showed to have an impact on the signal intensities in the chromatogram as well as reducing the intensity of system peaks eluting at the dead-time. This indicates that more polar compounds were removed during the SPE purification. A comparison was done between an extraction of soil soaked in water for five days and soil extracted without prior wetting. A difference could be seen and was shown by comparing chromatograms and mass spectra from the two samples. Tandem MS experiments were done for multiple precursor ions in order to identify the compounds by comparison in databases Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), Metlin and Massbank, but no matches in the databases were found. The tandem MS results were also used for comparison of consecutive chromatographic peaks with similar MS1-spectra. An identification method should be developed before the method presented in this work is validated and optimized further.
23
Moreira, Maria Manuela Nunes de Castro. "Benzoquinonas existentes em espécies de Cyperus da flora portuguesa : contribuição para o seu conhecimento." Doctoral thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/64014.
Full text
24
Moreira, Maria Manuela Nunes de Castro. "Benzoquinonas existentes em espécies de Cyperus da flora portuguesa : contribuição para o seu conhecimento." Tese, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 1990. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=UPB01&find_code=SYS&request=000105011.
Full text
25
CRUZ, Geyner Alves dos Santos. "Diversidade Genética populacional nas espécies pioneiras cyperus ligularis l.,C.odoratus L.(cyperaceae) e micononia prasina (Sw.) DC.(melastomataceae) ocorrentes em Remanescentes da floresta Atlântica de Pernambuco detectadapelos marcadoes moleculares DAF e ISSR." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6158.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:02:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
arquivo3644_1.pdf: 1299232 bytes, checksum: 800d780020fc914526cf602568277157 (MD5)
license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A Floresta Atlântica tem sofrido contínuas retrações resultando em urgente demanda por novas estratégias para sua preservação e para o entendimento das conseqüências da fragmentação, especialmente visando à sua conservação. Considerando este cenário, as famílias Cyperaceae e Melastomataceae representam importante papel, devido à sua função como pioneiras e regeneradoras florestais. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a diversidade genética e o fluxo gênico entre populações das espécies pioneiras Cyperus ligularis e C. odoratus (Cyperaceae) ocorrentes em um fragmento urbano de Floresta Atlântica da Reserva de Dois Irmãos Recife (PE) e em seus arredores, bem como de Miconia prasina (Melastomataceae) ocorrente em três fragmentos periurbanos de Floresta Atlântica na Usina São José (USJ) em Igarassu (PE), mediante marcadores moleculares DAF (DNA Amplification Fingerprinting) e ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats). O fenograma gerado através do DAF para as populações de C. ligularis e C. odoratus demonstrou total separação genética entre estas espécies, sustentado por 165 marcas polimórficas interespecíficas. Adicionalmente, as populações apresentaram alta diversidade genética entre si de acordo com o índice Gst de Nei (Gst- 0,3632), correlacionada a uma baixa taxa de fluxo gênico a partir do índice de número de migrantes observado Nm- 0,8766. Os indivíduos da espécie C. odoratus foram coletados apenas nas proximidades de dois açudes da Reserva de Dois Irmãos constituída por um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica, apresentando maior diversificação genética entre eles do que os de C. ligularis, ocorrentes também na Reserva de Dois Irmãos bem como em populações adjacentes sob forte influência antrópica, havendo distância de até 3 km entre os plots amostrados. Estes resultados sugerem a existência de maior variação intraespecífica e intrapopulacional para C. odoratus. Em contrapartida a menor variabilidade observada em C. ligularis sugere a influência de um possível efeito fundador na capacidade em ocupar áreas urbanas mais secas ou úmidas e poluídas, limitada a uma combinação específica de fatores genéticos, a despeito da diversidade de locais e áreas amostradas, desta forma agruparam-se aleatoriamente sugerindo a formação de uma metapopulação. Foram obtidos para as populações de M. prasina 237 loci polimórficos a partir do DAF e ISSR onde a estimativa global de diversidade genética (Dg%) foi de 91 e 85,5% para DAF e ISSR, respectivamente, tendo o fragmento de Floresta Atlântica Macacos (Mac) como a maior contribuinte e os fragmentos Açude do Prata (Apr) e Pezinho (Pez) como os menores, sugerindo que Mac se apresenta com maior potencial de adaptabilidade. Os dados de Dg% intrapopulacional apontam Mac com o maior índice, provavelmente devido à polinização e dispersão neste, e Apr e Pez, com os menores sugerindo maior atenção no sentido de conservação destes. A partir dos agrupamentos foram observados indícios de estruturação genética da população Apr em relação às demais, fato também indicado por as análises populacionais (Gst e Nm). A partir dos Gst e Nm globais por DAF e DAF/ISSR foi observada uma divergência genética entre os fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica analisados, sugerindo-se que tal fenômeno seria conseqüência das expansões e retrações da Floresta Atlântica ocorridas durante o Quaternário, bem como da pressão antrópica. A associação destes dados com observações de campo e de biologia reprodutiva devem auxiliar no entendimento da dinâmica das populações analisadas e do papel destas plantas nos processos sucessionais
26
Armour, Ian. "Intercropping corn (Zea mays L.) with forage legumes to suppress yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59300.
Full textAbstract:
A two year study was conducted to investigate the effect of intercropping corn with alfalfa or red clover with or without an initial application of the herbicide EPTC$ sp+$ (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate + R-25788 antidote) on the weed yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.). EPTC$ sp+$ applied prior to crop seeding in 1984 significantly reduced yellow nutsedge shoot growth in the first year but did not significantly reduce tuber populations. EPTC$ sp+$ significantly improved corn silage and grain yield and alfalfa establishment in the first year but did not significantly improve red clover establishment. In the second year, a trend of superior forage legume establishment and lower yellow nutsedge shoot production was observed in those treatments established the previous year with EPTC$ sp+$. Over the two year period, yellow nutsedge tuber populations in treatments established with EPTC$ sp+$ were significantly greater in the monocropped corn treatment than in any other treatment. In treatments established without a herbicide, yellow nutsedge tuber populations were also greatest in the monocropped corn treatment.
27
Bezuidenhout, Suzette Rene. "Allelopathic effect of the weed Cyperus esculentus on the growth of young Pinus patula plantations." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28612.
Full text
28
Ezeh, O. "Edible oil from Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) : mechanical pressing and aqueous enzymatic extraction methods." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/59583/.
Full textAbstract:
The tiger nut tuber of the Cyperus esculentus L. plant is an unusual storage system with similar amounts of starch and lipid. The extraction of its oil employing both mechanical pressing and aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) methods was investigated and an examination of the resulting products was carried out. The effects of particle size and moisture content of the tuber on the yield of tiger nut oil with pressing were initially studied. Smaller particles were found to enhance oil yields while a range of moisture content was observed to favour higher oil yields. When samples were first subjected to high pressures up to 700 MPa before pressing at 38 MPa there was no increase in the oil yields. Ground samples incubated with a mixture of α- Amylase, Alcalase, and Viscozyme (a mixture of cell wall degrading enzyme) as a pre-treatment, increased oil yield by pressing and 90% of oil was recovered as a result. When aqueous enzymatic extraction was carried out on ground samples, the use of α- Amylase, Alcalase, and Celluclast independently improved extraction oil yields compared to oil extraction without enzymes by 34.5, 23.4 and 14.7% respectively. A mixture of the three enzymes further augmented the oil yield and different operational factors were individually studied for their effects on the process. These include time, total mixed enzyme concentration, linear agitation speed, and solid-liquid ratio. The largest oil yields were obtained with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6, mixed enzyme concentration of 1% (w/w) and 6 h incubation time although the longer time allowed for the formation of an emulsion. Using stationary samples during incubation surprisingly gave the highest oil yields, and this was observed to be as a result of gravity separation occurring during agitation. Furthermore, the use of high pressure processing up to 300 MPa as a pre-treatment enhanced oil yields but additional pressure increments had a detrimental effect. The quality of oils recovered from both mechanical and aqueous enzymatic extraction based on the percentage free fatty acid (% FFA) and peroxide values (PV) all reflected the good stabilities of the oils with the highest % FFA of 1.8 and PV of 1.7. The fatty acid profiles of all oils also remained unchanged. The level of tocopherols in oils were enhanced with both enzyme aided pressing (EAP) and high pressure processing before AEE. Analysis on the residual meals revealed DP 3 and DP 4 oligosaccharides present in EAP samples but these would require further assessment on their identity and quality.
29
Czarnota, Mark Andrew. "The control of yellow and purple nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus and rotundus) in turfgrass utilizing halosulfuron." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-063616/.
Full text
30
Souza, Poliana Pereira de. "Estudo do perfil químico de Cyperus rotundus e avaliação do seu potencial de absorção de metais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8169.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-17T13:23:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1
DissPPS.pdf: 8795630 bytes, checksum: db91afde2911e11a9c712a67d5037de2 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T14:01:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPPS.pdf: 8795630 bytes, checksum: db91afde2911e11a9c712a67d5037de2 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T14:01:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPPS.pdf: 8795630 bytes, checksum: db91afde2911e11a9c712a67d5037de2 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T14:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPPS.pdf: 8795630 bytes, checksum: db91afde2911e11a9c712a67d5037de2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27
Fundação Amazônia Paraense de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPESPA)
The following work describes the comparative study of the variation between chemical profiles of plants of the Cyperus rotundus species – where one was collected at Vale S.A.’s dumping ground in Canaã dos Carajás city, Sossego Mine (an area contaminated by heavy metals), and compared with another of the same species collected at an adjacent area (noncontaminated by heavy metals) – through the development of analytical methods such as HPLC-UV, NMR, LC-UVSPE-NMR, LC-MS/MS, as well as through the use of chemometric tools (PCA). Statistical methodologies and chemometric analyses associated with data generated by NMR allowed, through fingerprint profiles, the discrimination between the contaminated and non-contaminated plants and the characterization of some compounds that contributed significantly to such discrimination. ICP-AES analyses were also made, in order to determine metal concentrations in different plant tissues. When analyzing the variation between chemical profiles of plants of the Cyperus rotundus species through fingerprints and data obtained from HPLC-UV-SPE-NMR and LC-MS/MS, it was possible to detect variations regarding mainly phenylpropanoid acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates and aromatic compounds, among others, which were found sometimes in the contaminated plant, sometimes in the non-contaminated plant, sometimes in both, although at different concentrations. It was also observed that in most samples spectra showed much more intense and well-defined peaks for the contaminated, thus highlighting that these compounds can be involved in the defense mechanism of the plant in a situation of oxidative stress caused by metal contamination. The results of the metal determination analyzes by ICP-AES showed much higher concentrations of the Cu element in the vegetative aerial parts of contaminated plants (921 mg/kg) in relation to the non-contaminated (3.7 mg/kg), due to this metal being the main resulting product of the local mining site. It was found that practically all metal concentrations are considerably larger in the contaminated plants when compared with the non-contaminated, therefore suggesting the hyperaccumulating behavior of the Cyperus rotundus species
O presente trabalho descreve o estudo comparativo da variação dos perfis químicos de plantas da espécie Cyperus rotundus – em que uma foi coletada na área de rejeito da empresa VALE na Mina do Sossego em Canaã dos Carajás (área contaminada por metais), frente à mesma espécie coletada em uma área adjacente à Mina do Sossego (área não contaminada por metais pesados) – através do desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos como HPLC-UV, RMN, LC-UVSPE-NMR, LC-MS/MS, bem como através do uso de ferramentas quimiométricas (PCA). As metodologias estatísticas e análises quimiométricas associadas aos dados gerados por RMN permitiram, através da obtenção de perfis fingerprints, a discriminação entre as plantas contaminada e não contaminada e a caracterização de alguns compostos que contribuíram de forma significativa para tal discriminação. Também foram realizadas analises por ICP-AES, visando à determinação das concentrações de metais nos diferentes tecidos das plantas. Ao analisar as variações dos perfis químicos das plantas de Cyperus rotundus através de fingerprints e dos dados obtidos a partir das HPLC-UV-SPENMR e LC-MS/MS, foi possível detectar a variação principalmente quanto a ácidos fenilpropanóides, ácidos graxos, carboidratos e compostos aromáticos, dentre outros, encontrados ora na planta contaminada, ora na planta não contaminada, ora em ambas, porém com concentrações diferentes. Também foi observado que em grande parte das amostras, os espectros apresentaram picos bem mais intensos e definidos para as amostras contaminadas, evidenciando, portanto, que estes compostos podem estar envolvidos no mecanismo de defesa da planta diante de uma situação de estresse oxidativo causado pela contaminação por metais. Os resultados das analises de determinação de metais por ICP-AES, mostraram que o elemento Cu apresentou concentrações muito mais elevadas nas partes aéreas vegetativas de plantas contaminadas (921 mg/kg) em relação a plantas não contaminadas (3,7 mg/kg), em função deste metal ser o principal produto resultante da mineração local. Verificou-se que praticamente todas as concentrações de metais são consideravelmente maiores nas plantas contaminadas em relação às não contaminadas, sugerindo, portanto, o comportamento hiperacumulador da espécie Cyperus rotundus.
31
Westendorff, Nixon da Rosa. "Adaptabilidade, competitividade e nível de dano econômico de Cyperus esculentus L. na cultura do arroz irrigado." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2091.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:07:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
dissertacao_nixon_da_rosa_westendorff.pdf: 1164743 bytes, checksum: 0e98d540bb2c2b7a5450d35d0dfaf837 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-02-28Weeds are responsible for most part of the reduction in rice yield. The species Cyperus esculentus, a Cyperaceae plant, stands out by adaptation to the flooded environment. Little is known about the competitive ability of the specie rice and what is the extent of the economic loss caused. The economic thresholds (ET) has been an important tool to quantify weed damage to crops, in addition to supporting decision making of when the adoption of compensatory measure of control. The most obvious consequences of the use of ET in decision making are reduction of production costs, less use of herbicides and thereby benefitting the environment and man, and minimization of the selection pressure that select weeds resistant. The objectives of this research were to study the adaptive value, the competitive ability and the determination of ET for C. esculentus on flooded rice, using mathematical model for nonlinear regression derived from the rectangular hyperbolic, depending on the cycle of rice cultivars, irrigation timing and population of the weed. Studies were conducted for adaptation and competition in the field and greenhouse in the 2010/11 growing season. In general, the rice cultivars studied have superior adaptive value than C. esculentus. For rice, the intraspecific competition is more important, while for the weed interspecific competition is more pronounced. The hyperbolic model satisfactorily estimates the yield losses that C. esculentus causes in rice. The explanatory variable is the population of Cyperus esculentus that best fit the model. The reduction in the development cycle of rice cultivar and the anticipation of irrigation, increase the competitive potential of the culture and consequently increase the C. esculentus ET.
As plantas daninhas são responsáveis por grande parte da redução de produtividade das lavouras de arroz irrigado. A espécie Cyperus esculentus, pertencente à família Cyperaceae, destaca-se pela adaptação ao ambiente irrigado. Pouco se conhece sobre a habilidade competitiva da espécie com a cultura do arroz e qual é a dimensão do prejuízo econômico causado. O nível de dano econômico (NDE) tem sido importante ferramenta na quantificação de prejuízos às culturas, além de subsidiar a tomada de decisão de quando é compensatória a adoção de medida de controle. As vantagens mais evidentes do uso de NDE na tomada de decisão são diminuição dos custos de produção, menor uso de herbicidas e, com isso, menor contaminação do ambiente e do homem e minimização do processo de seleção que torna as plantas daninhas resistentes. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram o estudo do valor adaptativo, da habilidade competitiva e a determinação do NDE de C. esculentus na cultura do arroz irrigado, pelo uso do modelo matemático de regressão não linear derivado da hipérbole retangular, em função do ciclo das cultivares de arroz irrigado, época de irrigação e população da planta daninha. Para tal, foram conduzidos estudos de adaptação e competição a campo e em casa de vegetação no ano agrícola 2010/11. Em geral, as cultivares de arroz estudadas possuem valor adaptativo superior a C. esculentus. Para a cultura do arroz, a competição intraespecífica é mais importante, enquanto que para a planta daninha a competição interespecífica é a mais pronunciada. O modelo hiperbólico estima satisfatoriamente as perdas de produtividade que C. esculentus causa à cultura do arroz. A variável explicativa população de Cyperus esculentus é a que mais se ajustou ao modelo. A redução no ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultivar de arroz e a antecipação da irrigação incrementam o potencial competitivo da cultura e, consequentemente, aumentam os NDE de C. esculentus.
32
Dodet, Marine. "Diversité génétique et phénologie de Cyperus Esculentus L. (Cyperaceae) pour une gestion intégrée de l'espèce dans les cultures de Haute Lande." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS034.
Full textAbstract:
Nous avons étudié le développement et la diversité génétique de Cyperus esculentus, pérenne clonale invasive en Haute Lande, afin d’élaborer des propositions de lutte intégrée. Sa capacité colonisatrice résulte d’un développement végétatif important du système souterrain (tubercules) et des pratiques culturales locales qui répondent à l’ensemble des besoins de l’espèce (eau, luminosité). La faible diversité génétique observée et la structuration spatiale des populations mettent notamment en évidence une dispersion liée aux activités anthropiques agricoles, d’où la nécessité d’une prophylaxie renforcée. Les analyses phénologiques ont révélé la sensibilité de l’espèce à la compétition, surtout pour la lumière, et à un retard de levée. Cependant, la tubérisation n’est jamais complètement éliminée et reste suffisante pour assurer le maintien sinon l’expansion de l’infestation. L’ensemble des connaissances acquises nous ont permis de proposer un indicateur de développement afin d’intervenir avant la tubérisation et de modéliser le cycle de C. Esculentus afin de prévoir l’impact des itinéraires techniques à envisagerWe studied the development and genetic diversity of Cyperus esculentus, an invasive perennial weed in the crops of Haute Lande, southwestern France, to make propositions for its integrated management. Its colonizing capacity is first linked to the huge subterranean vegetative development (tubers). Secondly, the local crop systems provide all the needs of the species (water, light). The low genetic diversity and the regional pattern of variation of the populations suggest a local vegetative propagation by harvesting engines. Displaying the need for a better prophylaxis. The phenological analyses showed the sensitivity of the species to the competition, especially for light, and to a delayed emergence. The tuber production was very reduced compared with the spring germination in open environment. However, tuberization was never stopped and was sufficient to maintain and even increase the infestation. All the knowledge acquired let us to propose a development indicator so that interventions take place before tuberization and to model the development cycle to evaluate the impacts of the considered technical itineraries
33
Jakelaitis, Adriano. "Dinâmica populacional de plantas daninhas nos plantios convencional e direto da cultura do milho." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2001. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10169.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-04-27T15:51:09Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
texto completo.pdf: 1201653 bytes, checksum: 43bb52292d210fc841babbb9360584a4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T15:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1201653 bytes, checksum: 43bb52292d210fc841babbb9360584a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-08-03
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de sistemas de manejo do solo sobre a dinâmica populacional de plantas daninhas, especialmente a tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.), e sobre a produção de milho para grão e silagem, foi instalado um experimento de campo, em um Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Câmbico, fase terraço, no município de Viçosa-MG. Na área experimental, antes da instalação do experimento predominava infestação alta (720 ± 130 plantas. m-2) e homogênea de tiririca. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de dois sistemas de manejo do solo (plantios convencional e direto), cultivados com milho para grão e silagem, em talhões com quatro repetições. No plantio convencional, antes da semeadura da cultura, o solo foi lavrado e gradeado, e, no plantio direto, foi realizada a dessecação das plantas daninhas com glyphosate + 2,4-D. As avaliações de plantas daninhas ocorreram antes e após a aplicação de atrazine e nicosulfuron em pós-emergência da cultura, respectivamente aos 20 e 55 dias após a emergência. A dinâmica populacional de plantas daninhas foi avaliada por meio do uso de características fitossociológicas baseadas na densidade, biomassa e freqüência das espécies amostradas. Os resultados demonstraram que aos 20 dias após a emergência da cultura, no plantio direto, houve maior densidade e importância relativa de espécies dicotiledôneas, principalmente Amaranthus deflexus, enquanto no plantio convencional prevaleceu maior densidade, dominância e importância relativa para tiririca, que suplantou a participação das demais espécies neste sistema. Após a aplicação dos herbicidas, a tiririca foi a espécie mais importante em todos os sistemas estudados, em relação às demais, com menor nível de infestação no plantio direto, no caso de milho para grão e silagem, quando comparado com o plantio convencional. Em ambas as finalidades de uso do milho (grão e silagem) houve redução do banco de tubérculos no plantio direto, predominando tubérculos dormentes, em relação ao plantio convencional. A interferência da tiririca reduziu o ganho de biomassas fresca e seca na cultura do milho, proporcionando melhores resultados para o plantio direto proveniente de milho para grão. Quanto à produção de grãos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os sistemas de manejo do solo.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil management systems on weed population dynamics, specially the purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus. L), and on corn production for grain and silage. A field experiment was installed in a Cambic Yellow Red Podzolic soil, terrace phase, in Viçosa-MG. A high (720 ± 130 plants. m-2) and homogeneous nutsedge infestation prevailed in the experimental area, before the installation of the experiment. The treatments consisted of two soil management systems (conventional and no-tillage), cultivated with corn for grain and silage in blocks with four replications. Under conventional tillage, the soil was moldboard plowed before planting, and under no-tillage, weed desiccation was carried out with glyphosate and 2,4-D. The weed evaluations occurred before and after atrazine and nicosulfuron application in post emergence of the crop, at 20 and 55 days, respectively. Weed population dynamics was evaluated through of phytosociology characteristics based on density, biomass and frequency of the sampling species. The results showed at the 20 days after emergence crop, under no-tillage, there was a greater density and relative importance of broadleaf species, mainly Amaranthus deflexus, while under conventional tillage, a greater density, dominance and relative importance for nutsedge prevailed, that supplanted the participation of the other species in this system. The nutsedge was the most important species in all the studied systems after herbicide application, with smaller infestation level under no-tillage, in the corn for grain and silage, when compared with conventional tillage. For both corn use purposes (grain or silage), there was a reduction in the tuber bank under no-tillage, with dormancy tubers prevailing in comparison to conventional tillage. Nutsedge interference reduced biomass earnings in corn crop, providing better results no-tillage originated from corn for grain. No significant differences were observed among soil management systems for grain production.
34
Asquith, Ilse Bernadette. "An investigation of statistical methodologies for evaluating natural herbicides for the control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007.
Find full textAbstract:
The present study was undertaken with the view to evaluate methodologies based on traditional Scheffé experimental designs that study mixtures as a tool for discovery research particularly when seeking new and or improved uses of existing mixtures. For the purpose of this study, the topic of controlling the problematic weed known as Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L. var. esculentus) or “Geel Uintjie”, was selected on a rather ad hoc basis. Yellow Nutsedge is a troublesome perennial weed found in most agricultural countries in the world. Herbicidal control is often difficult because of the weeds’ ability to propagate via tubers, which can remain dormant for a number of years and are also resistant to most synthetic herbicide controls. As a first step the study involved the selection of a group of chemical compounds that would be used in suppressing the germination of Yellow Nutsedge tubers. Treatment with various combinations of these chemical compounds as determined by statistical experimental designs was carried out. A review of the literature, particularly literature concerned with the study of the phenomenon of allelopathy, suggested that various phenolic-D-glucopyranosides could show promise in the suppressing the germination of Yellow Nutsedge tubers. This led to the selection of this group of compounds as the target group of “active” substances for the study. Since the group of phenolic-D-glucopyranosides is quite large, and in order to keep the study to a reasonable size, only four phenolic-D-glucopyranosides were selected namely: 4-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranoside, 4-chlorophenyl--Dglucopyranoside, arbutin and salicin. This selection was based firstly based on a particular phenolic-D-glucopyranoside being a suspected allelochemical, and secondly the ease of technical synthesis using a catalytic process. In addition to the four selected phenolic-D-glucopyranosides, their aglycones (4,nitrophenol, 4,chlorophenol, hydroquinone and salicyl alcohol) were also included as potential “active” substances in order to discern any potential activity between the phenolic-D-glucopyranosides and the aglycones. iii The selected “active substances” were combined in various combinations according to various mixture designs in such a manner that the sum of the proportions of the various actives in any one mixture was always equal to 1. The mixtures of actives were then used in various germination experiments and three experimental responses were measured namely the germination, average dry mass and length of longest shoot. From the results of these germination studies the canonical form of the polynomial equation describing the variation in each of the three germination responses was calculated and evaluated statistically. These equations were then used to estimate the presence of, and the magnitude of synergism between the various active substances. The results from these screening experiments and their detailed statistical analysis indicated that the response surface model for the germination response contains three synergistic blends (4-nitrophenyl--D-glucopyranoside + arbutin; 4-nitrophenyl--Dglucopyranoside + hydroquinone; and 4-chlorophenyl--D-glucopyranoside + salicin) and one antagonistic blend (4-nitrophenyl--D-glucopyranoside + 4- chlorophenol--D-glucopyranoside). The response surface model for the average dry mass response contains two synergistic blends (4-nitrophenyl--Dglucopyranoside + hydroquinone; and 4-chlorophenol--D-glucopyranoside + salicin) and the same antagonistic blend as for germination response. For both germination and average dry mass responses, the most synergistic blend was found to be the combination of 4-chlorophenyl--D-glucopyranoside and salicin. Two additional tests were conducted and both confirmed the results obtained from the screening designs. These tests involved the identification of the two components responsible for the synergistic activity that resulted in the suppression of the germination of the tubers and growth of the seedlings. The experimental response measuring the longest shoot proved to be erroneous and was excluded from the statistical analysis. In summary, this study has clearly shown that statistically designed experiments based on mixture designs can be used as a powerful tool in identifying and quantifying synergistic (or antagonistic) effects of chemicals on the germination ability of plant seeds.
35
Margatho, Silvana Maria Franco. "Seleção de pontas de pulverização e eficiencia de herbicidas sistemicos no controle da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.)." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257450.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Luiz Lonardoni FoloniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T14:39:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Margatho_SilvanaMariaFranco_M.pdf: 2464764 bytes, checksum: 5d5816271d2bd3c3ed938ce33153c88a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Resumo: o objetivo do trabalho foi o de estudar os efeitos de diferentes pontas de pulverização para aplicação de herbicidas sistêmicos, assim como estudar diferentes herbicidas sistêmicos combinados ou não com aditivo no controle de tiririca. Na primeira etapa foram testadas as pontas: Teejet 9502 E, Teejet 11001 E, XR Teejet 110015 VS, XR Teejet 8001 VS, nas pressõesde 2,0 e 3,0 Kgf/cm2.Na avaliaçãoda distribuiçãodo líquido pulverizadofoi utilizado papel com revestimento especial sensível à água que foi analisado através do software de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) Idrisi for Windows. A ponta que apresentou a melhor relação volume de calda e porcentagemde área molhada foi a XR Teejet 8001 VS, na pressão de 3,0 Kgf/cm2 . Essa ponta foi utilizada na etapa seguinte que constituiu de experimento conduzido em casa de vegetação onde foram testados os herbicidas glifosato, flazasulfuron, imazapyr e MSMA em três doses (100, 75 e 50% da dose recomendada), combinados ou não com aditivos testados nas doses de 100 e 50% do recomendado. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os herbicidas que apresentaramas maiores porcentagensde controle aos 45 dias após tratamento foram o flazasulforon e imazapyr, atingindo níveis de controle acima de 90 %, seguidodo herbicida glifosatocom 76% de controle e do MSMAque apresentou nível de controle muito baixo. A utilização de aditivos não influenciou a porcentagem de controle aos 45 dias nos herbicidas flazasulforun, imazapyr e MSMA. O glifosato apresentou uma melhor porcentagem de controle da tiririca quando combinado com aditivo embora não se encontrou diferença entre a maior e menor dose do aditivo.A utilização dos herbicidas flazasulfuron e imazapyr também proporcionaram menor número e peso de tubérculosem análise da parte subterrânea
Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the effects of different nozzles in the application of systemic herbicides as well as to study the different systemic herbicides combined or not with aditives on "tiririca" (Cyperus rotundus L.) control. In the first part ofthis work, four different nozzles were tested: Teejet 9502 E, Teejet 11001 E, XR Teejet 110015 VS, and XR Teejet 8002 VS, at the pressures of 2,0 and 3,0 Kgf/cm2. The evaluation of the distribution of drops of sprayed liquid on a paper covered by a special water perceptible substance was made by using the Geographical Information System (GIS) -ldrisi for Windows software. The best ratio of the solution volume and the wet area percentage was found using the XR Teejet 8001 VS, at pressure of 3,0 Kgf/cm2nozzle and this one was use in the second part of this study. The trial of glyphosate, flazasulforon, imazapyr and MSMA herbicides was carried out under greenhouse conditions. It was used three levels of herbicides (100, 75 and 50% of advised rate), combined or not with two levels of aditives, 100 and 50% of recommended rate. The highest control percentages at - I 45 days after the application were obtained using flazasulforon and imazapyr, with more than 90% of control, then glyphosate herbicide with 76%, and MSMA, that presented the lowest controllevel. The use of aditives did not affect the percentage of control at 45 days for flazasulforun, imazapyr, and MSMA. Glyphosate combined with aditive presented the best percentage of "tiririca"control, although it was not found any difference between the highest and the lowest levels of aditives. The use of flazasulforon and imazapyr herbicides also provided the lowest number and weight of tubes analysing the subterranean part of the planto
Mestrado
Agua e Solo
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
36
CORUMBÁ, Lorena Gomes. "Otimização do processo de extração do óleo essencial de priprioca (Cyperus articulatus L.) por arraste com vapor." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4645.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2014-01-16T17:54:01Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5)
Dissertacao_OtimizacaoProcessoExtracao.pdf: 1728893 bytes, checksum: 262b730869c7327a928b377968bf568b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-01-23T14:04:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_OtimizacaoProcessoExtracao.pdf: 1728893 bytes, checksum: 262b730869c7327a928b377968bf568b (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-23T14:04:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_OtimizacaoProcessoExtracao.pdf: 1728893 bytes, checksum: 262b730869c7327a928b377968bf568b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Analisa-se experimentalmente o processo de extração do óleo essencial de rizomas de priprioca (Cyperus articulatus L.) por arraste com vapor d’água saturado, em um protótipo em escala de bancada. Por meio de experimentos estatisticamente planejados, estimam-se as condições ótimas o processo de modo a maximizar as variáveis de resposta rendimento em óleo e teor de mustacona, componente majoritário do óleo essencial de priprioca, em função de variáveis operacionais de entrada do processo. As variáveis independentes e respectivos níveis são: carga de rizomas de priprioca, em gramas (64, 200, 400, 600, 736); granulometria dos rizomas, em milímetros (0,61; 1,015; 1,6; 2,19; 2,58) e tempo de extração, em minutos (40, 60, 90, 120, 140). Utilizando um planejamento composto central, com auxílio do aplicativo Statistica® 7.0, são propostos modelos matemáticos para as respostas em função das variáveis independentes isoladas e de suas combinações. Constata-se que o rendimento em óleo essencial e os teores de mustacona podem ser estimados adequadamente por modelos polinomiais de segunda ordem. São obtidos simultaneamente maiores rendimentos em óleo e teores de mustacona, quando a carga de rizomas varia de 105 a 400 gramas para tempos de extração compreendidos entre 105 e 140 minutos.
It is analyzed the process of extraction of the essential oil of priprioca (Cyperus articulatus L.) rhizomes experimentally with water steam, in a prototype in bench scale. Through design of experiments and response surfaces methodology, they are considered the optimal conditions to maximize the response variables yield and mustakone concentration, majority component of the essential oil of priprioca, in function of operational entrance variables of the process. The independent variables and respective levels are: load or mass of priprioca rhizomes, in grams (64, 200, 400, 600, 736); granulometry of the rhizomes, in millimeters (0,61; 1,015; 1,6; 2,19; 2,58) and extraction time, in minutes (44, 60, 90, 120, 140). Using a central composite design, with aid of the application StatisticaR 7.0, mathematical models are proposed for the responses in function of the isolated independent variables and of their combinations. It is verified that the yield in essential oil and the mustakone tenors can be fitted appropriately for second order polynomials models. They are obtained larger yield simultaneously in oil and mustakone tenors, when the load of rhizomes varies from 105 to 400 grams for extraction times between 105 and 140 minutes.
37
Nandihalli, Ujjanagouda B. "Toxicity, absorption, and traslocation of soil and foliar imazaquin in yellow (Cyperus esculentus) and purple (C.rotundus) nutsedge /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487323583619954.
Full text
38
Reddy, Krishna Narasim. "Toxicity, absorption, translocation, and metabolism of chlorimuron in yellow and purple nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus and C. rotundus) /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487325740719867.
Full text
39
Cinco-Castro, Ramon-Antonio 1958. "Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) competition with cotton: Species biology and effects of proportion, density, and moisture." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282868.
Full textAbstract:
Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine how proximity factors and water stress interact to influence competition between purple nutsedge and upland cotton. Purple nutsedge produced more total dry weight than cotton in wet conditions but produced less or similar total dry weight in dry conditions. Cotton's ability to extract water from greater soil depth and maintain a high rate of photosynthesis during water stress enabled it to maintain higher RGR (relative growth rate), LAR (leaf area ratio), and leaf expansion than nutsedge. Absolute growth rate (AGR), initial propagule weight, and early shoot production were important parameters for purple nutsedge competition with cotton. Moisture stress affected the relative importance of intraspecific and interspecific competition between species in both greenhouse and field experiments. intraspecific competition was more important than interspecific competition in determining cotton biomass production in wet conditions but drier conditions further reduced the relative importance of interspecific competition. The results of all experiments indicate that greenhouse addition series competition experiments can be applicable to field conditions provided the experimental design takes into account the biological characteristics of the species being studied. Pot size had a large influence on intra- and interspecific competition between purple nutsedge and cotton. In greenhouse experiments, physiological measurements were initiated one hour after irrigation and repeated every 2 h throughout the day. One hour after the cessation of water stress, the photosynthetic rates of both species increased, but photosynthesis recovered faster in cotton than in purple nutsedge. The faster recovery of photosynthesis in cotton was probably due to the osmotic adjustment that occurred in cotton leaves that protected enzymes and other cellular components during water stress. In additive field experiments, seed cotton yield was reduced because the number of harvestable bolls m⁻¹ was reduced as purple nutsedge density increased. Yield was also reduced by cotton seedling death at the highest nutsedge density. The interference of purple nutsedge with cotton cannot be reduced through water management alone. But, based on the growth characteristics of indeterminate cotton varieties, we suggest that delaying the first post-planting irrigation of some cotton varieties could reduce the competition of purple nutsedge with cotton without affecting final seed cotton yield.
40
Millán, Torres Carolina Paz. "Remoción de Sulfato en Riles Mediante el Uso de Fitorremediación." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/103271.
Full textAbstract:
El sulfato es un elemento que se encuentra naturalmente en numerosos minerales y es
usado comercialmente en la industria química. Se encuentra en el agua por disolución natural
de rocas sulfatadas, por descargas de residuos industriales y a través de deposiciones
atmosféricas. Los niveles más altos de sulfato se encuentran generalmente en aguas
subterráneas y en fuentes naturales.
El sulfato en altas concentraciones puede producir problemas a las personas y al medio
ambiente. Los límites establecidos para el sulfato en la normativa de efluentes y de agua
potable, se deben a su potencial efecto en la salud de los seres humanos y animales, como
diarrea y deshidratación.
La empresa INDURA es una empresa dedicada principalmente a la fabricación y
comercialización de soldaduras y gases industriales. Dentro de sus procesos productivos
generan varios residuos que es necesario tratar antes de ser descargados, con la finalidad de
cumplir con la normativa y de generar el menor impacto posible al medio ambiente.
El ril analizado en este trabajo proviene del proceso de galvanizado del alambre para
soldadura realizado en la planta INDURA-SOLCON. El problema de este proceso son los altos
niveles de sulfato que se encuentran en el ril (alrededor de 14.000 mg/l), ya que con los
tratamientos convencionales no es posible obtener niveles de remoción que permitan cumplir
con la norma. Por esta razón, se decide realizar un estudio en el que se analice la efectividad
de un sistema de fitorremediación en la remoción de sulfatos.
La investigación tuvo una duración de tres meses durante los cuales se diseño y se
implementó un sistema de fitorremediación. Las especies vegetales utilizadas para el
tratamiento fueron Cyperus eragrostis, Carex sp. Y Typha angustifolia. Además se realizaron
estudios que permitieron analizar los resultados obtenidos durante todo el período de estudio.
Se observo que la especie que obtuvo un mayor índice de remoción de sulfato fue la
especie Carex sp. Siendo además esta especie la que presentó los mejores resultados, tanto
por su resistencia a los altos niveles de sulfato, como por la estabilidad de su comportamiento
durante todo el período de análisis.
Finalmente, se concluye que el sistema de fitorremediación diseñado no es capaz de
remover sulfato en los niveles generados por la empresa.
41
Guske, Susanne. "Grundlegende Untersuchungen zur biologischen Bekämpfung der Acker-Kratzdistel (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) und des Zypergrases (Cyperus rotundus (L.))." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965489299.
Full text
42
Gravett, Anne E. "Geographical variation in the tolerance of photosynthesis to chilling in the C4 species, Spartina alterniflora and Cyperus longus." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333897.
Full text
43
Adjei-Duodu, Thomas. "Physical, chemical and functional properties of tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) selected from Ghana, Cameroon and UK market (Spain)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3313.
Full textAbstract:
The tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) has attracted a lot of unsubstantiated health claims, yet there is a dearth of research investigation within Ghana specifically in the area of food product development. This study addresses the development of ‘functional bread and biscuit’ from tiger nuts obtained from UK market (Spain). The chemical constituents; carbohydrate, lipid, protein, dietary minerals and antioxidants, the functional properties of three varieties of tiger nuts obtained from Ghana (black and brown), Cameroon (yellow) and UK market (Spain) (brown) were investigated using standard analytical methods as well as the blood glucose response of healthy adults who consumed the developed bread. Tiger nuts were found to be good sources of carbohydrate (51-82g/100g) and lipids (21-37g/100g). The dietary fibre components ranged between 18, 1, 19 and 19g/100g for IDF, SDFP, HMWDF, and ITDF respectively, while the available carbohydrate as sugars were 45, 0.5 and 5g/100g for glucose, maltose and xylose respectively. Minerals that were found to be inherent to the crop were; potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc and selenium and do not depend on place of origin. The following ratios for Sodium/Potassium 0.04, Calcium/Phosphorus 0.13 and Calcium/Magnesium 0.28 were obtained. Tiger nuts had TPC ≥ 134GAE per g, DPPH and stability index of 0.9-8.7mmol/litre and 3- 4 respectively. In conclusion the tiger nuts originating from different geographical locations were good sources of health giving minerals and had diversity of physical properties and chemical constituents which could inform future research in the functional food industry. Tiger nut could be added to the Ghana food basket and the product developed from it could be a potential functional food because of its effect on glucose response and phytochemical contents. It could again be used to replace artificial antioxidants (BHA or BHT) which are used in the food industry to inhibit lipid and protein oxidation especially the black variety.
44
Kizzie-Hayford, Nazir. "Development of strategies for the successful production of yogurt-like products from Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L) milk." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-221091.
Full textAbstract:
Tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus L) are recognized as a high potential, alternative source of food nutrients. However, there is limited scientific literature on the technological possibilities for developing value-added foods, such as fermented products from tiger nut milk. Therefore, strategies for producing and improving the properties of fermented tiger nut milk were investigated for generating lactose-free, nutritious yogurt-like products with acceptable sensory properties and a prolonged shelf life quality. A wet-milling procedure was standardized for extracting tiger nut milk from tiger nuts, and the effects of the extraction process on nutrient distribution, colour properties and colloidal stability of the milk were analyzed. Next, tiger nut milk was enriched with proteins and/or hydrocolloids and the impact of the additives on the physical properties of the milk were determined. Enriched tiger nut milk was fermented by using classical yogurt cultures and the obtained products were analyzed for the microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics. Additionally, effects of enriching tiger nut milk with microbial transglutaminase cross-linked proteins on the microbiological and physico-chemical properties were evaluated. Higher wet-milling intensity improved the nutrient composition, colloidal stability and colour of the milk. Enrichment of tiger nut milk with milk proteins and xanthan gum enhanced the viscosity and stability, and after fermentation, led to homogenous gel-like products with superior microbiological, physico-chemical and different sensory properties compared to the fermented plain tiger nut milk. Microbial transglutaminase cross-linked proteins improved the physical characteristics of the fermented product, especially during storage. This product would be relevant in many developing countries with high prevalence of lactose intolerance, limited access to nutritious food but show a high distribution of tiger nut vegetationErdmandeln (Cyperus esculentus L) haben ein hohes Potential als alternative Quelle Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen. Allerdings gibt es nur in begrenztem Ausmaß Literatur über technologische Möglichkeiten zur Entwicklung von Mehrwert-Lebensmitteln wie fermentierter Erdmandelmilch. Daher wurden Strategien zur Herstellung und Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von fermentierter Erdmandelmilch zur Erzeugung laktosefreier joghurtähnlicher Produkte mit akzeptablen sensorischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Für die Extraktion der Erdmandelmilch wurde ein Nassmahlverfahren standardisiert und der Einfluss des Verfahrens auf die Nährstoffverteilung, die Farbeigenschaften und die kolloidale Stabilität der Milch analysiert. Als nächstes wurde Erdmandelmilch mit Proteinen und/oder Hydrokolloiden angereichert, und der Einfluss der Additive auf die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Extrakts bestimmt. Angereicherte Erdmandelmilch wurde mit klassischen Joghurtkulturen fermentiert, und die mikrobiologischen, physikalisch-chemischen und sensorischen Eigenschaften der Produkte wurden untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden Effekte der Anreicherung von Erdmandelmilch mit enzymatisch vernetzten Proteinen auf die mikrobiologischen und physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften bewertet. Eine höhere Nassmahlintensität verbesserte die Nährstoffzusammensetzung, die kolloidale Stabilität und die Farbe der Milch. Die Anreicherung erhöhte die Viskosität und Stabilität und führte nach der Fermentation zu homogenen gelartigen Produkten mit verbesserten mikrobiologischen, physikalisch-chemischen und sensorischen Eigenschaften im Vergleich zur fermentierten Erdmandelmilch. Mikrobielle Transglutaminase-vernetzte Proteine verbesserten die physikalischen Eigenschaften des fermentierten Produkts, insbesondere während der Lagerung. Dieses Produkt wäre in vielen Entwicklungsländern mit hoher Prävalenz von Laktoseintoleranz und begrenztem Zugang zu nahrhaften Lebensmitteln als Alternative von Interesse
45
Cordeiro, Luiz Adriano Maia. "Manejo cultural de Cyperus rotundus L. e de outras espécies de plantas daninhas em plantio direto e convencional." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2002. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10212.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-05-03T17:24:54Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
texto completo.pdf: 339849 bytes, checksum: 35f813912ad453f42a78bd89666ddacb (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T17:24:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 339849 bytes, checksum: 35f813912ad453f42a78bd89666ddacb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-05-03
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a dinâmica populacional de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) e de outras espécies de plantas daninhas, e também as características agronômicas de milho (Zea mays L.) cultivado para grão e para silagem, bem como do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivado em sucessão ao milho sob plantio direto e convencional. No primeiro ano, cultivou-se o milho em área total, sendo metade da área sob plantio direto e a outra metade sob preparo convencional. Posteriormente, dividiu-se cada área em duas partes: uma para produzir milho para grão e outra para produzir milho para silagem. Após a colheita do milho cultivou-se nesta área subdividida o feijoeiro. Foram avaliadas: a) plantas daninhas antes da dessecação e/ou preparo do solo e após a colheita do milho e do feijão; b) controle de plantas daninhas após a aplicação dos herbicidas em pós- emergência no cultivo do milho e do feijão; c) altura de plantas de milho; d) produção de matéria fresca e matéria seca de milho para silagem; e) produção de grãos de milho; f) estande inicial, número de trifólios e matéria seca de plantas de feijão; g) produção de grãos de feijão. Concluiu-se que: o tipo de manejo do solo não influenciou a produção de milho para grão e para silagem; todavia observou-se melhor controle de C. rotundus L. nas áreas onde fez o plantio direto, independentemente se para produção de milho para grão ou para silagem. Quanto as demais espécies de plantas daninhas, estas não foram influenciadas pelo tipo de manejo do solo e a finalidade de cultivo de milho, exceto a S. niveum Kuntze. Maior infestação desta espécie ocorreu no sistema convencional para produção de milho para silagem. Na cultura do feijoeiro, observou-se efeito semelhante, ou seja, o plantio direto reduziu a população de C. rotundus L.. O tipo de manejo de solo influenciou, também, a produtividade e altura de plantas de feijão. Os maiores valores de produção de grãos de feijão foram observados no plantio direto, sendo estes valores superiores quando a cultura do milho foi para produzir grãos. O plantio direto reduziu a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea de plantas de C. rotundus L. e de latifoliadas após a colheita da cultura do feijoeiro, todavia a espécie Amaranthus deflexus L. foi beneficiada pelo preparo convencional.
It was aimed at in this work to evaluate the population dynamics of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and of other species of weeds, and the agronomic characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) also cultivated for grain and for silage, as well as of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivated in succession to the maize under no-tillage and conventional tillage of the soil conditions. In the first year, the maize was cultivated in total area, being half of the area in no-tillage and the other half in conventional tillage. Later each area was separated in two parts: one to produce maize for grain and other to produce maize for silage. After the crop of the maize it was cultivated the bean in this subdivided area. They were appraised: a) rising of harmful plants before the dessecation and/or the soil tillage and after the crop of the maize and bean; b) weed control after the application of the herbicides in post-emergency at the maize and bean; c) height of mazie plants; d) production of fresh matter and dry matter weight of maize for silage; e) yield of mazie grains; f) initial stand, leaves number and dry matter weight of bean plants; g) yield of bean grains. It was ended that: the type of management of the soil didn't influence the maize yield for grain and for silage; though better C. rotundus L. control was observed independently in the areas where it made the no-tillage, if for maize production for grain or silage. As the other weeds species, these were not influenced by the type of the soil management and the type of maize cultivation, except the lyon velvet bean (Stizolobium niveum Kuntze). Larger infestation of this species happened in the conventional tillage for maize production for silage. In the culture of the bean, similar effect was observed, where the no-tillage reduced the C. rotundus L. population. The type of soil management influenced, also, the yield and height of bean plants. The largest values were observed in the no-tillage, being these superior values when the culture of the maize was to produce grains. The no- tillage reduced the production of dry matter weight of C. rotundus L. and of larger leaves weeds after the crop of the bean, though the species Amaranthus deflexus L. was benefitted by the conventional tillage.
46
Betancourt, Eric Taylor. "Evaluation of Crop Seed Powders as Amendments for Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control Compared to the Traditional Herbicide, Roundup." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2234.
Full textAbstract:
Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a troublesome weed that outcompetes crops and contributes to poor yields. In the past, agriculturalists controlled purple nutsedge by fumigating soil with methyl bromide but the fumigant has since been classified as a controlled substance under the Montreal Protocol. This study evaluated the effectiveness of several alternative purple nutsedge control techniques and compared them with results obtained from the application of Roundup. Concentration treatment effects for the allelopathic seed powders of watercress and turnip were tested in a field trial while seed powders of yellow mustard and sunflower were tested in a potted trial. The allelopathic amendments significantly delayed weed emergence but several factors interfered with long-term effectiveness. Roundup was determined to be the most effective season-long weed control among the treatments consistently leaving the least amount of surviving weeds and underground organs.
47
Kletecke, Rojane Magda. "Remoção/exportação de nutrientes de esgoto doméstico utilizando plantas ornamentais = Hedychium coronarium, Heliconia psittacorum, Cyperus alternifolius e Colocasia esculenta." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256883.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Jose Teixeira FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T22:31:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kletecke_RojaneMagda_D.pdf: 8236051 bytes, checksum: e7dcc06debc54dd69978fbea9a36bf1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: O presente estudo trabalhou com leitos cultivados (LC) avaliando a capacidade de retenção exportação de nutrientes, nitrogênio e fósforo, a partir da poda das plantas. Os LC foram utilizados no pós-tratamento de efluentes de esgoto doméstico pós reatores anaeróbios compartimentados (RAC) utilizando plantas ornamentais: Hedychium coronarium; Heliconia psittacorum; Cyperus alternifolius e Colocasia esculenta. O monitoramento da água foi realizado a partir da avaliação da quantidade e qualidade. Os parâmetros para a avaliação da quantidade da água foram: volume, vazão, tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) e evaporação/evapotranspiração e para a qualidade da água foram: concentração, carga e eficiência de retenção para o fósforo total (PT), o nitrato (NO3-), o nitrogênio amoniacal (NH3) e a demanda química de oxigênio (DQO). Além da concentração de oxigênio dissolvido (OD), pH, condutividade elétrica (CE) e temperatura da água. O monitoramento da vegetação, foi realizada a partir do índice de área foliar (IAF), altura e densidade das plantas. A determinação da exportação dos nutrientes foi realizada após a poda com a pesagem total da biomassa verde e seca para cada LC e análise foliar. A vazão afluente dos LC variou de 0,9 a 1,0 m3/dia, resultando num TDH médio de 1,25 dias. A concentração afluente dos LC de PT, NO3-, NH3 e DQO foram em média 3,5 mg/L, 1,7 mg/L, 36,7 mg/L e 92,7 mg/L, respectivamente. A eficiência média de retenção para a massa de PT, NO3-, NH3 e DQO, entre os quatro LC foi de 6,4%, 18,3%, 6,4%, 26,1%, respectivamente. A remoção /exportação média de nutrientes entre todos os LC foi de 14,4g/m2 para o nitrogênio e de fósforo foi de 2,9g/m2. Dentre os parâmetros analisados para a eficiência de retenção e exportação de nutrientes o LC com Heliconia psittacorum mostrou-se mais eficiente. Concluiu-se que os LC vegetados com plantas ornamentais mostraram potencial favorável na complementação do tratamento de efluentes domésticos, em especial na retenção de nutrientes e matéria orgânica. A utilização das plantas ornamentais também contribuiu para a composição paisagística, transformando o local num "jardim alagado"
Abstract: This study evaluated the ability of constructed wetlands (CW) with ornamental plants to retain /export nutrients as nitrogen and phosphorus. The CW were used in the domestic sewage posttreatment effluent after anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) using the macrophytes as Hedychium coronarium, Heliconia psittacorum, Cyperus alternifolius and Colocasia esculenta. The analysis methods consisted in monitoring water quantity and quality as well as vegetation indicators. Volume, flow, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and evapotranspiration were used as water quantity parameters. Concentration, charge and retention efficiency for total phosphorus (TP), the Nitrate (NO³-), the ammonia (NH³) and chemical oxygen demand (BOD) as well as the dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and water temperature were used as water quality indicators. Leaf area index (LAI), height and density of plants were used as vegetation indicators. The nutrients export was determined after the plants pruning using leaf analysis and the weigth of fresh and dry total biomass for each CW. The CW influent flow ranged from 0,9 to 1,0 m³/day, resulting in an average HRT of 1,25 days. The CW influent concentration of PT, NO³-, NH³ and COD were on average 3,5 mg/L, 1,7 mg/L, 36,7 mg/L and 92,7 mg/L, respectively. The average mass retention efficiency of PT, NO³-, NH³ and COD among the four CW was 6,4%, 18,3%, 6,4%, 26,1%, respectively. Average nutrient removal/export among all CW was 14,4 g/m² for nitrogen and 2,9 g/m² for phosphorus. The results showed that the Heliconia psittacorum CW was more efficient in the retention efficiency and nutrient export. The conclusion of this study is that CW vegetated with ornamental plants exhibit a good potential for wastewater treatment particularly the retention of nutrients and organic matter. Also the use of ornamental plants contributed to the landscape composition, turning the site into a "garden wetland"
Doutorado
Agua e Solo
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
48
Novo, Maria do Carmo de Salvo Soares. "Efeito da palha de cana-de-açúcar e do tamanho de tubérculos no desenvolvimento da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-19052005-153811/.
Full textAbstract:
A mudança do sistema de colheita da cana-de-açúcar com o uso de fogo para a colheita mecanizada, chamada de cana verde ou cana crua, é um processo irreversível, gradativo porém contínuo, previsto na legislação estadual paulista. Um dos pontos críticos no processo produtivo da cana-de-açúcar é a interferência imposta pelas plantas daninhas. A tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) é uma das plantas daninhas mais prejudiciais à cultura da cana-de-açúcar entretanto, com a implementação da colheita mecanizada, o desenvolvimento desta planta poderá ser afetado. O objetivo do experimento foi verificar se a adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar poderia afetar o desenvolvimento de plantas de tiririca provenientes de tubérculos de tamanho pequeno (0,22 a 0,34 g) e grande (1,01 a 1,14 g), plantados em diferentes épocas do ano. O experimento foi instalado em casa-de-vegetação, em Campinas, SP e disposto em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Tubérculos dormentes de tiririca de tamanho pequeno e grande foram plantados em maio, julho e setembro e adicionou-se sobre o solo palha de cana-de-açúcar RB 855156, nas quantidades correspondentes a 0,0, 5,0, 10,0 e 15,0 t/ha. Em cada época de instalação do experimento, a cada 28 dias até 84 dias, as plantas de tiririca foram avaliadas quanto à altura média, cortadas ao nível do solo. As estruturas subterrâneas e aéreas foram separadas nas diferentes estruturas e avaliou-se suas biomassas frescas e secas e a área foliar. De modo geral, o tamanho maior dos tubérculos favoreceu o desenvolvimento da parte subterrânea. O número de brotações emergidas não foi afetado pelo tamanho de tubérculos mas, a altura média, área foliar e as biomassas das folhas e da parte aérea foram maiores quando originadas de tubérculos de tamanho grande. A adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar ao solo afetou mais as plantas originadas de tubérculos pequenos que de grandes. A adição de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar causou redução no desenvolvimento nas diferentes estruturas subterrâneas, seguindo para todas as variáveis uma equação do segundo grau. Aplicações de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar causaram diminuição no número de brotações, área foliar e as biomassas frescas e secas das folhas e da parte aérea total. A formação e o desenvolvimento dos rizomas e de tubérculos + bulbos basais, assim como das biomassas fresca e seca de rizomas e fresca de tubérculos + bulbos basais foram maiores no plantio realizados em setembro e menores nos de julho. Verificou-se que, exceto para altura média, o plantio de setembro proporcionou plantas com maior número de brotações, área foliar e biomassas fresca e seca de folhas e da parte aérea total. Para altura média, os melhores resultados foram observados no plantio de maio. Para todas as variáveis analisadas, o plantio de julho apresentou sempre os menores valores. Quanto ao efeito de época de avaliação, verificou-se que para todas as variáveis analisadas foram observados aumentos lineares em função do tempo.The change in harvest systems for sugar cane from use of fire to mechanical harvest, is an irreversible process, gradual although continuous, foreseen in the São Paulo State Legislation. One of the critical points in the productive process of sugar cane is the interference imposed by weeds. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the most sugar cane crop-damaging weeds, nevertheless with implementation of mechanical harvest technology, which leaves a thick layer straw superior to 20 ton/ha, the development of this plant could be affected. This experiment aimed to verify if the addition of sugar cane straw could affect the development of purple nutsedge plants deriving from tubers of small (0,20-0,34g) and large (1,01-1,14g) sizes, planted at different times of the year. The experiment was carrIED out in glass house, in Campinas, São Paulo, in randomized blocks with four replicates. Tubers of small and large sizes of purple nutsedge were planted in May, July and September, and RB 855156 sugar cane straw was added, in quantities corresponding to 0, 5,0, 10,0 and 15,0 ton/ha. Every 28 days until 84 days after each planting period, the purple nutsedge plants were evaluated as to their average plant height, cut to soil level, and the aerial part was separated from the subterranean. The aerial and subterranean structures were separated, and evaluated as to their fresh and dry weights and foliar area. Generally, the larger sized tubers were more favorable to the development of subterranean parts. The number of emerged sprouts was not affected by tuber size; but plant height, foliar area and aerial part weights were larger when originated from large-sized tubers. The addition of sugar cane straw to the soil affected plants derivated from small tuber more than those originated from large one. The addition of growing quantities of straw caused reduction in the development of different kinds of subterranean structures, following for all variables one second-order equation. Application of growing quantities of straw caused a decrease in the sprouts number, area foliar and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial part weights. The formation and development of rhizomes and tubers + basal bulbs, similarly to the fresh and dry rhizome weights of tubers + basal bulbs were larger in September planting and the smallest in July. It was verified that, with exception of average plant height, the September planting generated a larger number of sprouts, foliar area and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial part weights. As for average plant height, the best results were observed at the May planting. For all analyzed variables, the July plantation always presented the smallest values. As to the time of evaluation, it was verified that all variables increased linearly in function of time.
49
Moffett, Jody E., William B. McCloskey, Stephen H. Husman, and Gary L. Dixon. "The Interaction and Effects of Soil Moisture Regime and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Density on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Growth." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210293.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of our research is to determine the effects of yellow nutsedge competition on cotton and to examine how the competitive relationship between these two species is modulated by soil moisture. In support of this goal, a competition experiment with various nutsedge densities and three irrigation regimes was conducted at the University of Arizona, Maricopa Agricultural Center. The results of this study indicate that increasing nutsedge density caused a significant linear decrease in cotton seed yield in both 1993 (p=0.03) and 1994 (p=0.002). The cotton yield reductions caused by the highest nutsedge densities, 33 and 50 tubers /m of crop row in 1993 and 1994, respectively, were 13.5 and 15.5 percent, respectively. Stem biomass, an indicator of total above ground biomass, increased significantly with increasing soil moisture. There was also a trend of increasing seed cotton yield with increasing soil moisture with the wet treatment (i.e., irrigation at 35 percent soil moisture depletion) resulting in the highest biomass and yields. In 1994 this trend was significant (p=0.0001) but in 1993 it was not (p=0.098) probably because fewer replications were used in 1993. An important goal of this research was to determine if cotton, with its deeper tap root type of root architecture, is more competitive against yellow nutsedge, which has a fibrous root system, when irrigation is less frequent. However, analysis of variance showed that there was no significant interaction between soil moisture availability and seed cotton yield reductions caused by nutsedge competition in either 1993 (p=0.44) or 1994 (p=0.62).
50
Farina, Volmir Atílio. "Indução ao enraizamento adventício de espécies do gênero Baccharis submetidas ao tratamento com extratos de bulbos de Cyperus rotundus." Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, 2017. https://rd.ufffs.edu.br:8443/handle/prefix/1654.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Maria Rosa Moraes Maximiano (maria.maximiano@uffs.edu.br) on 2017-12-14T13:13:34Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
FARINA.pdf: 869970 bytes, checksum: 198e30c8cdc8c0e1a2fd5e7a55785255 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Diego dos Santos Borba (dborba@uffs.edu.br) on 2017-12-15T13:52:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FARINA.pdf: 869970 bytes, checksum: 198e30c8cdc8c0e1a2fd5e7a55785255 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T13:52:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FARINA.pdf: 869970 bytes, checksum: 198e30c8cdc8c0e1a2fd5e7a55785255 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo viabilizar uma forma alternativa de propagação de Baccharis por meio de técnicas de enraizamento e uso de fontes não industriais de substâncias estimuladoras do enraizamento (reguladores de crescimento), tais como auxinas naturais. Para tanto, apresentaram-se dados teóricos, além dos resultados obtidos em pesquisa de campo. Ao estabelecer uma metodologia para produção de mudas de espécies do gênero Baccharis, possibilita-se substituir o uso de compostos químicos artificiais, evitando a dependência dos agricultores por insumos e incentivando o cultivo de mudas, a fim de reduzir a prática do extrativismo. Para a execução dos experimentos os exemplares do gênero Baccharis (B. trimera e B. articulata) foram coletados entre sete e oito horas, no dia 01/05/2017, por estaquia a partir de plantas selecionadas às margens da BR 153, saída para o município Gaurama, Erechim/RS. O extrato aquoso de C. rotundus foi confeccionado no laboratório de Biotecnologia e Melhoramento Vegetal e de Microscopia da UFFS, Campus de Erechim. Foram realizados dois experimentos – Experimento 1: Estaqueamento utilizando extrato aquoso de tiririca com a B. trimera e B. articulata. Experimento 2: Estaqueamento utilizando preparados homeopáticos de tiririca com a B. trimera e B. articulata. Ambos com cinco tratamentos cada, compostos por três repetições e cada vaso continha sete estacas, totalizando vinte uma estacas por repetição e um montante de sessenta e três estacas por tratamento. Os experimentos foram implantados no dia 01/05/2017, e as avaliações foram realizadas no dia 10/06/17. O delineamento utilizado foi casualizado e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de uma ou duas vias (ANOVA), utilizando o teste post-hoc adequado com 95% de significância (p<0,05). O enraizamento foi avaliado 40 dias após o estaqueamento e os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, número de raízes por estaca, comprimento das três maiores raízes por estaca, porcentagem de estacas vivas, porcentagem de estacas mortas e massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz. Os resultados obtidos comprovam que: quanto ao número de estacas enraizadas: as concentrações testadas do extrato aquoso de tiririca não influenciaram no enraizamento das espécies B. trimera e B. articulata; resultados significativos foram observados somente para B. trimera tratada com o extrato homeopático, sendo o maior número de estacas enraizadas observado com o preparado a 20CH; quanto ao comprimento das três maiores raízes das estacas das espécies B. trimera e B. articulata: não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para a espécie B. trimera, já a B. articulata submetida a imersão somente em água apresentaram melhores resultados quando comparada aos demais tratamentos, embora, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos com AIB sintético e extrato aquoso de tiririca não diluído; quanto ao comprimento das três maiores raízes das estacas da B. trimera e B. articulata: o tratamento com preparados homeopático 5CH reduziu o comprimento médio das três maiores raízes, em relação aos demais tratamentos; em 20 CH a B. articulata mostrou maior comprimento de raízes por estacas, quando comparada com B. trimera.; quanto às características da massa seca da parte aérea o único tratamento que apresentou resultado expressivo foi o extrato homeopático a 5 CH, para B. articulata; massa seca de raízes, o extrato aquoso de tiririca 50% apresentou incremento significativo para B. articulata, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos, mas nenhum resultado significativo foi observado para B. trimera.
The present study aims to evaluate the effect of extracts and homeopathic preparations of Cyperus rotunduns on the rooting of cuttings of species of the genus Baccharis. For that, theoretical data were presented, besides the results obtained in field research. In creating a methodology for the production of seedlings of species of the genus Baccharis, it is possible to substitute the use of artificial chemical compounds, avoiding a dependence of farmers on inputs and encouraging the cultivation of seedlings, in order to reduce the practice of extractivism. In order to perform the experiments of the specimens of the genus Baccharis (B. trimera and B. articulata) were collected between seven and eight hours, on May 1st 2017, by cuttings from selected plants at the borders of 153 Road, exit to the city of Gaurama, next to Erechim, city in Rio Grande do Sul State. The aqueous extract of C. rotundus was made without laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding and Microscopy at UFFS, at Erechim Campus. Two experiments were carried out - Experiment 1 (staging using aqueous extract of Cyperus rotundus): an aqueous experiment, with extracts of thrips with B. trimera, B. articulata, measured on May 1st 2017, and as journal were held on October 6th 2017. Experiment 2 (Cyperus Rotundus Simplified Staking), both with three replicates per treatment and three replications each, with 63 stakes / replicates, totaling 315 experimental stakes. ANOVA), using the post-hoc test with 95% significance (p <0.05). Rooting was evaluated 40 days after parking and the respective parameters: percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots per cutting, length of the three largest roots per stake, percentage of live cuttings, percentage of dead cuttings and dry mass of shoot and root. The results obtained show that: in relation to the number of rooted cuttings: the concentrations of the aqueous extract of tereza tested did not influence the rooting of the species B. trimera and B. articulata; significant results were observed only for B. trimera treated with the homeopathic extract, with the highest number of rooted cuttings observed with the preparation at 20CH; as regards the length of the three largest roots of the B. trimera and B. articulata cuttings: there was no significant difference between the treatments for B. trimera, and B. articulata submitted to immersion only in water presented better results when compared to However, there was no significant difference between the treatments with synthetic AIB and aqueous extract of undiluted tiger; as regards the length of the three major roots of the B. trimera and B. articulata cuttings: the treatment with homeopathic preparations 5CH reduced the average length of the three largest roots in relation to the other treatments; in 20 CH the B. articulata showed longer root length by cuttings, when compared to B. trimera .; the dry matter of root and dry mass of roots, the aqueous extract of 50% tiririca presented significant increase for B. articulata, when compared to the other treatments, but no significant result was observed for B. trimera.