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1
Skordi, Maria. "The Maronites of Cyprus : History and Iconography (XVIe - XIXe centuries)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP045.
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Que signifie appartenir à une communauté à Chypre pendant des périodes spécifiques? Que signifie être pris entre différentes cultures - Est et Ouest? Quel est l'impact sur le patrimoine culturel de cette situation sur une communauté minoritaire sur l'île de Chypre? Cette étude porte sur l’histoire de la communauté maronite de Chypre à l’époque ottomane (1571-1878) à travers l’examen des objets d’art conservés par elle et de ses monuments architecturaux. Les maronites, installés sur l’île de Chypre depuis le douzième siècle, font depuis lors partie de la société chypriote en s’adaptant à elle et en conservant certaines de leurs particularités. Les icônes et monuments architecturaux leur appartenant présentent un grand intérêt, car ils n’ont fait l’objet d’aucune étude jusqu’ici. Ils datent du douzième au dix-neuvième siècle et sont des révélateurs de l'histoire de l'île, de ses différentes conquêtes, ainsi que des mouvements artistiques dans la région. L'étude est divisée en deux parties : la première traite de l'histoire de l'île au cours de la période ottomane. Elle situe la communauté maronite dans le contexte social de l’époque ainsi que dans un espace politique et religieux plus vaste. À cette fin, les termes «frontière», «communauté», «mobilité» et «déploiement des identités» sont mis en évidence dans cette étude pour expliquer la différenciation sociale et les cultures. Une attention particulière est accordée au synode de Nicosie de 1738, qui réunit le clergé maronite et le clergé latin en accord avec le concile de Trente, considéré ici comme un tournant de l’histoire, mettant en lumière les problèmes sociaux et religieux. La deuxième partie explore l'iconographie. Une présentation des villages et des églises maronites hébergeant les icônes en question est proposée. Un total de soixante-six icônes est présenté. Elles sont examinées pièce par pièce, identifiées, archivées et restaurées afin de les sauvegarder et de les relier à l'histoire de la communauté maronite de l'époque. Quelle est leur histoire et comment sont-elles liées aux ateliers locaux ou étrangers ? Comment ces objets sont-ils connectés aux maronites de Chypre ? La présente thèse est le résultat d’une étude s’appuyant sur des croyances et des traditions villageoises, des rapports des missionnaires et des voyageurs, de la correspondance conservée en archives, et la bibliographie, pour établir les conditions de production, d’acquisition et de conservation des objets et contribuer ainsi aux recherches sur l'histoire de la communauté maronite à ChypreWhat does it mean to belong to a community in Cyprus during specific periods of time? How does it feel to be caught between different cultures - East and West? What is the impact on the cultural heritage of such communities on the island of Cyprus? This study focuses on the history of the community of the Maronites in Cyprus during the Ottoman time (1571 – 1878) through the examination of its objects and architectural monuments. The Maronites, having settled on the island of Cyprus in the seventh century, have been part of the Cypriot society since then by adapting to her and at the same time maintaining their particularities and characteristics. Their icons and architectural monuments are of great interest, as they have not been the object of any study in the past. They date from the twelfth to the nineteenth century and are in communion with the history of the island, its different conquests, as well as the artistic movements of the region. The study is divided into two parts: the first part deals with the history of the island during the Ottoman period. It situates the Maronite community in the social context of the time as well as in a wider political and religious space. For this purpose, the terms “frontier” - living side by side with other religious groups -as well as “community”, “mobility”, and “deployment of identities” are emphasized in this study in order to explain social differentiation and cultures. Special attention is placed on the Synod of Nicosia of 1738 bringing the Maronite and Latin Clergy together in compliance with the Synod of Trent, as well as on a turning point in history, highlighting social and religious issues. The second part explores the iconography. A presentation of the Maronite villages and churches is offered, hosting the icons in question. A total of sixty six icons participate; they are examined from scratch, identified, archived, and restored in order to safeguard them and connect them to the history of the Maronite community of the time. What is their true story and how do they relate to local or foreign workshops? How are the objects connected to the Maronites of Cyprus? The present thesis is the result of bringing village beliefs and traditions together, missionaries' and travelers' reports, and archive correspondence to the actual study of the objects to establish their date of creation, contribute to the research on Cyprus history, and examine the social impact on the Maronite community of the time
2
Vassiliades, Anthoulla N. "Paphos and Western Cyprus : 1191 to 1571." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27864.
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Neocleous, K. "Cypriot folk song in, and as the history of, Cyprus." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422125.
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Panayiotides-Djaferis, Hercules Theodore. "The Reformed Presbyterian Mission to Cyprus a history and evaluation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Taki, Panayiota Yiouli. "Recycling history : ethno-communal struggles for recognition and legitimation in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249597.
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Uçar, Gülnur Supervisor :. Güven Suna. "The crusader castles of Cyprus their place within the crusading history." Ankara : METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605612/index.pdf.
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Ucar, Gulnur. "The Crusader Castles In Cyprus And Their Place Within The Crusading History." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605612/index.pdf.
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With the confrontation of opponents, cultures and religions, the different spiritual and material possessions of sides end up with a synthesis. Such a unity may be one of the rare benefits of events like warswhile the main objection is to destroy the other. The crusades where the idea was to rescue the Holy Lands not only generated a culture of Levant but also furnished the lands of near east with the art and architecture of the crusading Latin Kingdom. Cyprus, as support and stronghold had been an important and strategic place where the Latins took advantage and granted back with beautiful Gothic churches and strongly built inaccessible castles. The castles, especially the three hilltop castles of St Hilarion, Buffavento and Kantara on the north probably perfectly reflect the crusading culture and exemplify the architecture which the Latins built in Cyprus. The crusader castles in Cyprus are certainly the products of a synthesis which combine the war and castle building experiences of the west, which crusaders brought with them when they came and the east which they faced with in the Holy Lands. In order to comprehend on the castles in Cyprus, subjects like the idea of crusading, the feudal system and knighthood in Europe and Levant are also important to enlighten the context as well as the characteristics and the types of the crusader castles in Levant. Therefore this study aims to find out the place and the importance of crusader castles in Cyprus in the crusading history.
8
Photiou, Maria. "Rethinking the history of Cypriot art : Greek Cypriot women artists in Cyprus." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12139.
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This thesis brings together women artists art practices situated in five key periods of Cyprus socio-political history: British colonial rule, anti-colonial struggle, 1960 Independent, the 1974 Turkish invasion and its aftermath of a divided Cyprus, which remains the case in the present day. Such study has not been done before, and for this, the current thesis aims to provide a critical knowledge of the richness and diversity of Greek Cypriot women's art practices that have frequently been marginalised and rarely been written about or researched. As the title suggests, this thesis engages in rethinking the history of Cypriot art by focusing on the art produced by women artists in Cyprus. By focusing primarily on the work of Greek Cypriot women artists I am interested to explore the conditions within which, through which and against which, women negotiate political processes in Cyprus while making art that is predominantly engaged in specific politicised patterns. The meeting point for the artists is their awareness of being women artists living in a colonised, patriarchal country under Greek Cypriot nationality. While these artists assumed very different positions in their experience of the several phases of Cyprus history, they all negotiate in their practice territorial boundaries and specific identity patterns. Significant to my thesis are a number of questions that I discuss in relation to women artists professional careers and private lives: nationalism, militarism, patriarchy, male dominance, social and cultural codes, ethnic conflict, trauma, imposed displacement through war, memory and women's roles, especially as mothers, in modern and contemporary Cyprus. Thus, I address questions of how women artists in Cyprus experienced such phenomena and how these phenomena affected both their lives and their art practices.
9
Carver, Michael M. "THE GORDIAN KNOT: AMERICAN AND BRITISH POLICY CONCERNING THE CYPRUS ISSUE: 1952-1974." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1143491074.
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Bakshi, Anita. "Urban memory in divided Nicosia : praxis and image." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283909.
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Tuzunkan, Murat. "The Cyprus Question: Continuity, Transformation And Tendencies." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608714/index.pdf.
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This study has three main objectives. First, it provides a theoretical framework that challenges the mainstream approaches to allow for a new reading of the Cyprus Question. Second, it identifies continuities, transformations and tendencies within different historical periods by analyzing the positions of the various actors and the international conjecture in order to offer a correct reading of all previous settlement proposals and indicate the basis on which perceptions and policies were constructed and why the latter failed repeatedly to resolve the Cyprus issue. Continuities are those factors that created the continuum of the crisis and were concretely reflected in the successive failures of different peace talks, plans and initiativesexamining these means analyzing the hegemonic projects of the various actors involved. Examining transformations means looking specifically at how and why these hegemonic projects changed. Examining tendencies means pointing out the latest developments such as accumulated sovereignty, shared sovereignty as protectorate, Taiwan Model, return to 1960, integration through class strategy and independent TRNC and exploring the logical consequences of developments. Third, this study focuses on the European Union&rsquo
s hegemonic projects related to Cyprus &ndash
how they emerged, the relationship between these projects and the domestic and international political conjectures, their aspects of continuity and reasons for transformation and their successes and failures. This thesis argues that all the previous plans and initiatives by international and local actors, latest being the EU-initiated Annan Plan, led not only to failure, but transformed the Cyprus Question from one paradigm to another.
12
Novo, Andrew R. "On all fronts : Cyprus and the EOKA insurgency, 1955-1959." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9fcd14f8-f60d-49b3-82b4-411e3370e890.
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'On All Fronts' is a thesis focused on the EOKA insurgency in Cyprus (1955-1959), which aimed at overturning British rule and unifying the island with Greece. EOKA’s campaign was one of several insurgencies carried out against Britain in the two decades following the Second World War. This allowed British policymakers and soldiers to apply lessons learned in other colonies on the island. These lessons included pursuing a political solution in tandem with military operations, unifying command and control, improving intelligence capabilities, and increasing the number of police and soldiers on the ground. Cyprus also presented distinctive challenges. The insurgency was not inspired by communism, like many other anti-colonial struggles, but by right-wing nationalism. The campaign was also intimately linked to the strategic reorganisation undertaken by Britain after 1945. Retreat from India and Palestine increased the importance of the Middle East and Africa, making a presence in Cyprus central to Britain’s post-war plans. Finally, Cypriot demographics meant that the island’s Turkish minority (some eighteen percent) – supported by Ankara – opposed union with Greece. An ethnic-based civil war on the island was possible, as was a regional war between Greece and Turkey. British policy sought to avoid both of these potential conflicts while maintaining the strength of NATO and positive relations with both Athens and Ankara. Utilizing newly declassified papers from the British government, in conjunction with evidence from Greek-Cypriot sources, this study offers insights into the campaign from the perspective of both insurgent and counter-insurgent forces. Parallel to the military analysis, the thesis addresses the political aspect of the insurgency, demonstrating the deep connection in insurgency war between military operations and diplomatic negotiation. While counter-insurgency operations failed to destroy EOKA, the success of government forces created pressure for a diplomatic solution and highlighted the reality that there were insurmountable military and strategic obstacles to union with Greece.
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Hadjikyriacou, Antonis. "Society and economy on an Ottoman island : Cyprus in the eighteenth century." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676721.
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Hadjianastasis, M. "Bishops, agas and dragomans : a social and economic history of Ottoman Cyprus, 1640-1704." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500970.
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Gravelle, Robert J. A. R. "A different shade of blue. Peacekeeping by confrontation: The Canadian contingent in Cyprus, 1964-1975." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9891.
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The study of conflict management in the post war period has encompassed various aspects, including the debates over the usefulness of international attempts in the maintenance of peace and security. Since 1945, Canada has been involved in all major United Nations peacekeeping missions including observation operations from 1945-1956, peacekeeping operations from 1956 to the present, and peace enforcement operations since 1991. The Canadian literature on peacekeeping missions has centred on foreign and defence policy questions and their influence on international affairs from a Canadian perspective. To fully appreciate the nature of peacekeeping operations in their foreign and defence policy contexts, we need to understand better how individual operations function, the principal problems encountered, and the way such operations have ended over time. This study of the United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) is an analysis of a Canadian military operation and the evolution of peacekeeping from 1964-1975, with emphasis on the crucial 1974 period, which witnessed the Canadian Contingent's leading role in redefining the concept and practice of peacekeeping in Cyprus. Overnight it went from peacekeeper in an inter-communal situation to a peacemaker in a full scale war. The development of confrontational tactics in pressing cease-fires and in stabilizing the main confrontational area of Nicosia by declaring UN protected areas and the willingness to use force to retain these areas, was a major innovation in its modus operendi. The rendering of humanitarian assistance to both communities during the war and the protection of more than 200,000 refugees also necessitated the UN force to adopt new methods of providing aid. The UN presence was instrumental in saving countless lives and preventing a number of atrocities. The involvement of the UN through its presence in the cease-fire negotiations and the delineation of cease-fire lines underlined the important role and influence of the force that led to the ending of hostilities between the Turkish army and the Greek Cypriot National Guard. The leading role and influence which the Canadian Contingent exerted in UNFICYP, resulting in changing the concept and practice of peacekeeping in Cyprus, has been to this point overlooked.
16
Markides, Diana. "The issue of separate municipalities and the birth of the new republic : Cyprus 1957-1963." Thesis, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300923.
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Caliskan, Murat. "The Development Of Inter-communal Figthing In Cyprus: 1948-1974." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615353/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to examine the development of inter-communal fighting in Cyprus between 1948 and 1974. It focuses on the domestic factors of inter-communal fighting by analyzing the gradual evolution of Greek and Turkish Cypriot stances. The thesis argues that the inter-communal fighting of Cyprus is rooted in the historical and domestic factors. This thesis analyzes the continuities and changes in Cyprus politics. This work accordingly will examine the articulation of various political and social factors in Cyprus. Contrary to the prevailing dominant perspective, this thesis mentions that the inter-communal fighting was not the product of only external forces but their articulation with domestic factors as they evolved historically. Therefore, the issue of &bdquo&bdquo
ethnic polarization
18
Haarer, Peter Sydney. "Obeloi and iron in archaic Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:acc14469-31d8-4f53-8882-70832e554215.
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This thesis studies spits and iron in Archaic Greece and Cyprus. Chapter One surveys previous research on spits and iron. Chapters Two to Six consider the evidence for spits in detail with the following agenda: who used them, when, where, for what, how, and what were their associations? Chapters Two, Three and Four focus on archaeological finds from funerary, settlement and sanctuary contexts respectively. Chapter Five looks at the iconographic evidence, and Chapter Six deals with written references to spits in inscriptions and literary texts. Throughout these chapters, the ancient tradition that spits were used as a favoured form of pre-coinage money is considered carefully. It is concluded that the material evidence fails to support this interpretation, and that the tradition was invented in the fourth century. Nevertheless, denominations of coins were named after spits, and it is hypothesised that this resulted from the appropriation of spits and bundles of spits as visual analogies with which to describe the relationship between obols and drachmas. Chapter Seven observes that in Aegean Greece and Cyprus, metal spits were manufactured exclusively from iron from the tenth /ninth century onwards. Moreover, they were one of the largest of a range of new iron types to be introduced during the Early Iron Age, were manufactured from high quality metal, and were a long-lived type. As such, they offer an "index" of the value of iron. Chapter Eight uses this index to argue that, contrary to established views, the high Late Bronze Age value of iron persisted into the tenth century, and though it declined thereafter, it did so gradually. Moreover, iron did not become a cheap alternative to bronze. These conclusions have important ramifications for the interpretation of the transition from bronze to iron. Chapter Nine provides a brief summary of the thesis.
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Varnava, Marilena. "The Cyprus problem 1964-1974 : the divergent development of the two communities and the quest for settlement." Thesis, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 2015. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6259/.
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This thesis will examine the development of the Cyprus problem from September 1964, when Galo Plaza assumed the UN Mediatory role, until July 1974, when the coup d’état and the Turkish invasion took place. Its main focus is on the internal aspects of the emerging deadlock. The efforts at peace-making will be examined in three phases: Plaza’s mediation of 1964-1965, the negotiating impasse on the island during the period 1965-1967, and finally the inter-communal talks of 1968-1974. Each of these successive phases, particularly the latter two, were inextricably interwoven with developments within the two main communities. Hence, identifying these developments will be the primary concern of the thesis. Inevitably, the role of Archbishop Makarios III, as the dominant political personality, must be taken into full account during the three phases. Starting with the most critical and hitherto under-explored period of 1964-1968, the thesis will shed light on how the de facto separation of the two communities was established and how the separate administrative and economic structures were consolidated. This divergent development of the two communities produced new realities that had to be confronted by the respective negotiators and peace-makers at all levels. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of the first round of the inter-communal talks, from 1968 until 1971, will explore how and why the two communities missed the crucial opportunity for a settlement which appeared in 1968. Although the negotiations continued until 1974, it will become evident that after 1972, the implications of the internal division within the Greek-Cypriot community meant that any chance for a viable compromise settlement ‘evaporated’. Without ignoring the external aspects of the Cyprus problem, the study will argue that the burden of responsibility for the constant failures to settle the problem until 1972 lies mainly on factors produced within the island itself. Specifically, the Greek-Cypriot political leadership, as the predominant force on the island, crucially failed to grasp the nature of the changes within the island’s post-independence arena, and hence to adapt their goals accordingly. Recurrent attempts within both communities to create faits accomplis favourable to their own bargaining positions before being prepared to embark on a definitive settlement, only served to heighten the barriers to a stable and peaceful outcome. This thesis will, therefore, enlarge our understanding of an underlying failure which the events of 1974 were to throw into stark relief.
20
Apostolides, Alexander. "Economic growth or continuing stagnation? : estimating the GDP of Cyprus and Malta, 1921-1938." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/684/.
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This thesis explores the macro-economic history of Cyprus and Malta in the inter-war period. It constructs the first detailed estimates of output at aggregate and sector levels, enabling the analysis of economic growth and the sector structure of the islands‟ economies. It evaluates their performance within the context of economic change on Europe‟s South Eastern periphery and, specifically, in light of the experience of British colonial rule. The thesis argues, first, that economic growth was slow in wider European comparison and as sluggish as in neighbouring countries. It was so despite the two islands' being far less exposed to the political upheavals of the First World War than most other economies in South Eastern Europe. Second, the proximate reasons for their comparatively weak growth performance differed: Cyprus experienced a prolonged agricultural crisis, but participated in the post-depression recovery through the growth in international demand for the output of its copper mining industry. Malta‟s growth was slower than Cyprus due to the combination of declining British military expenditure and the population increasing faster than previously. These differences notwithstanding, the islands were ultimately affected by common problems. Their small overall size had a negative effect on their performance as global protectionism increased and restricted export opportunities. In addition, the colonial governments remained committed to balanced budgets and non-intervention in the economy, limiting their ability to combat the effects of the great depression. As a result, the deteriorating economic situation increased the political tension between the islanders and the colonial governments. The reluctance to mount an effective policy response to the great depression acted as a catalyst to political polarization, leading to violence and the suspension of the islands‟ constitutions.
21
Makriyianni, Chara. "History, museums and national identity in a divided country : children's experience of museum education in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612726.
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Cannavo', Anna. "Histoire de Chypre à l’époque archaïque: analyse des sources textuelles." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85649.
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Hatzivassiliou, Evanthis. "Britain and the future status of Cyprus, 1955-9 : a study in the international dimensions of the problem." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283696.
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The thesis alms to examine British policy on the future status of Cyprus in the late 1950s. It starts in April 1955 when Sir Anthony Eden became Prime Minister and the EOKA (National Organisatlon of Cypriot Fighters) started its campaign in the island. The thesis ends In February 1959, when a Conference was held in London by Britain, Greece, Turkey, the Greek and the Turkish Cypriots, which agreed to the establishment of an independent Cypriot state. The thesis is primarily concerned with the British policy regarding the diplomatic negotiations on Cyprus. It does not aim to examine the security campaign which was being executed in Cyprus at the same time. The security campaign is touched upon, as far as it influenced the course of diplomatic negotiations. The thesis also examines British Constitutional offers to the Cypriots, but only to the extent that such offers influenced policy on the future status of the island. The policies of Greece, Turkey, the USA, NATO, and of the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaderships are examined to the extent that they influenced British policy. The thesis therefore deals primarily with the formulation of British thinking, as this evolved in the Cabinet, the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office, the Chiefs of Staff, the Cyprus (Colonial) Government and other Individuals concerned on the British side.
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Given, Michael John Martin. "Symbols, power and the construction of identity in the city-kingdoms of ancient Cyprus, c.750-312 B.C." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272556.
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McNulty, Barbara R. "Cypriot Donor Portraiture: Constructing the Ideal Family." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/80701.
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Art HistoryPh.D.
This study focuses primarily on donor portraits of families found in Cypriot wall paintings and icons created during the Lusignan and Venetian periods. Although donor portraiture is a mode of expression that dates to antiquity, in the medieval period an increasingly prosperous upper middle class used this genre more frequently. My concern is with the addition of children to these portraits and the ways in which this affects the family portrayal on Cyprus. These portraits are intriguing because they provide a rare glimpse into the culture and people of this island as constructed within the medium of portraiture. They provide visual evidence of the donors' ideals of family in these lasting monuments to their memory. There are noticeable changes in these portraits through time that indicate the shifting foreign rulership faced by the population. Part of the Byzantine Empire until captured by Richard the Lionheart in 1191, Cyprus came under Frankish domain when it was transferred in 1192 to Guy de Lusignan, the dispossessed King of Jerusalem. For years Cyprus had been a stopping place for pilgrims and, later, crusaders on their way to the Holy Land. By the time Cyprus came under Venetian rule, it had grown as a stopping place for merchants as part of their trade route to the East. This exposure to cross cultural trade, migrations, and differing reigning powers makes Cyprus a complex study in social history. These layers of mixed social identities across ethnic, religious and political boundaries are documented in the island's donor portraits. Part of this analysis is an attempt to discern in these constructed identities what is indigenous, what is foreign and what is part of the changing times. A close examination of these images uncovers this mingling of identities and certain conventions in the way these donor portraits become expressions of the family. The strategy used to examine these donor portraits is to look at them by employing some of the characteristic functions of portraiture, in this case as outlined by Shearer West in her introduction to portraiture. After an introductory chapter that details some background on donor portraiture and the art of Cyprus, each of the following chapters uses two main images for comparison to explore the ways in which they might reveal aspects of the family. This comparative method is used in the successive chapters with the one constant image of the Zacharia family, painted during the Venetian occupation, as a basis for comparison. Chapter two takes this portrait and compares it to the portrait of Neophytos, a twelfth-century hermit monk who also used the Deësis scene as the setting for his portrait. By looking at these particular scenes as works of art, this chapter introduces ideas to consider throughout the dissertation on the ways these constructions reveal wishes of the donors, such as strategies of hierarchy, of veneration and viewer's access. Chapter three explores how the family group portrait serves as a document for the biography of the family. Chapter four deals with the important social practice of the dowry and my idea that some of the later portraits, which include daughters, may be displaying dowry wealth. Chapter five looks at family commemorative portraiture found particularly in icons, beginning the fourteenth century, where deceased family members are portrayed alongside, seemingly, living family members. Finally, in chapter six, I examine the ways in which these family portraits may indicate political changes on the island, especially as Cyprus moves from a feudal society to a commercial one in the Venetian period. In order to facilitate discoveries that might be made by organizing the material in a systematic manner, I have assembled a catalogue of Cypriot family donor portraits and a chart indicating the numbers of men, women and children included in family groups, in the appendices. It is my hope that this dissertation will create more discussion about family groups and will, hopefully, uncover other portraits that may be added to this list, making it a more complete picture of the surviving record.
Temple University--Theses
26
Ulman, Aylin. "Actual and perceived decline of fishery resources in Turkey and Cyprus : a history with emphasis on shifting baselines." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50902.
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The FAO global statistics on fisheries catches is an important tool used to track overall patterns, as it represents the only global account of fisheries catch records from all member countries. However, the database is only as complete as the data sent to them by member countries, which often lack catch amounts from non-commercialized sectors.
The aim here for Chapters 2 and 3 were to comprehensively account for total fisheries removals for Turkey and Cyprus from 1950-2010, by estimating catches for previously unaccounted sectors, using best available data. It was found that the total reconstructed catch for Turkey was about 80% higher (33 million t) than the 18.4 million t reported to FAO during the period from 1950 to 2010. The total reconstructed catch for Cyprus was about 2.6 times higher (243,000 t) than the 93,200 t reported to FAO for Cyprus for the same period, which thus excluded catches from the north of the country from 1974 to 2010.
For Chapter 4, using total reconstructed catches and annual fleet dynamics statistics, total effort and Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) were calculated for Turkey as a whole, and each of its seas. Next, from field survey results from Turkey and Cyprus, each fisher’s ratio of initial to current CPUE and perceived change in resource abundance was computed for their career span, according to sector. Lastly, the two trends in ratio of initial to current CPUE and perceived change in resource abundance were compared to determine if ‘shifting baselines’ had occurred. For Turkey as a whole total effort increased by over 700% from 25 million kW days in 1967 to nearly 190 million kW days in 2010, while CPUE declined by about 380% from nearly 16 kg•kW¹•day-¹ in 1967 to 4 kg•kW-¹•day-¹ in 2010. Shifted baselines were evident in all but two surveyed sectors (i.e., the bottom trawlers of Turkey, and artisanal fishers of South Cyprus). The artisanal and recreational sectors of Turkey experienced the most severe changes, with declines in CPUE of about 40 times since about 1950.Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
27
Steele, Philippa Mary. "A linguistic history of Cyprus : the non-Greek languages, and their relations with Greek, c.1600-300 BC." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608883.
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Kennedy, Kate. "Britain and the end of Empire : a study of colonial governance in Cyprus, Kenya and Nyasaland against the backdrop of the internationalisation of empire and the evolution of a supranational human rights culture and jurisprudence, 1938-1965." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b7f88699-7476-4a3d-b19e-ddbec50decf8.
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This thesis traces British colonial governance and the workings of the late colonial state from 1938 until the end of empire in the early 1960s in Cyprus, Kenya and Nyasaland. It proposes that colonial governance operated in place and time back and forth across a spectrum, typified by polarities of (i) 'soft' management and regulation of colonial populations in the 1940s, and (ii) 'hard' control exemplified by the use of harsh physical coercion in the 1950s, although both 'soft' and 'hard' approaches - and hybrid variants somewhere in between - were always, in truth, sides of the same coin. British colonial governance is examined through the filter of three approximate, although not rigidly linear, 'phases': (1) a 'soft' phase of development and welfare from 1938-45, during which the rhetoric of governance was distinguished by the language of benevolence, in the attempt to re-legitimise empire, (2) the post-war period from 1945-1950, when Britain played a leading role in establishing supranational institutions promoting universal human rights and also, and however reluctantly, extended a modified human rights regime to its colonies, and (3) the swing to 'hard' governance during emergency periods in Cyprus (1955-59), Kenya (1952-60) and Nyasaland (1959-60), during which Britain strove to resolve the dichotomy between competing domestic and international demands of (a) maintenance of empire, often through the use of coercive physical measures, and (b) promotion of universal human rights on the world stage. This was all played out, at least in part, as an albeit muted ideological confrontation between opposing post-war visions of global order - the very survival of the old imperial system pitched against the implicitly decolonising thrust of the universal human rights movement as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the European Convention on Human Rights (1950). This thesis argues that by 1959 and in part as a consequence of the cumulative political impact of allegations of human rights and other abuses during emergency periods, Britain could no longer reconcile these competing visions of colonial governance and world order, nor sustain its empire and colonial rule by force.
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Sbisa', Tiziana. "The Cathedral at Nicosia in the Age of Frederick II and Louis IX: Issues of Patronage, Structure, and Meaning." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1243841684.
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Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-11-23) Department of Art History Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Klerides, Loris Eleftherios. "The discursive (re)construction of national identity in Cyprus and England, with special reference to history textbooks : a comparative study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020578/.
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This thesis is an analysis of national identity construction in Cyprus and England in two historical times: the period following the Greek and Turkish military offensives in Cyprus (1974-93), and the period of the Conservative administration in Britain (1979-97). It examines identity formations in history textbooks across the two settings and addresses their relationship with intellectual and political constructs of identity. These periods were moments of a metamorphosis of identity in both settings. This identity reconstruction was firstly materialised in the signifying practices of politicians and intellectuals. As an effect of the emergence ofnew nationalist discourses in the political and intellectual fields was the production of new history textbooks, making it possible for the national image to be also reconstituted in and through them. New identities were articulated in the field of school history but their redefinition varied within and across the two settings. Variations within each setting were primarily determined by the particular features of the social domain in which the construction of identity took place. Across the settings, they were mainly shaped by different genres of school history writing. Despite their differences, the new identities across the two cultural settings and social fields shared certain similar motifs - fragmentation, hybridity and ambivalence. It is therefore suggested that the making of identity in history textbooks cannot be understood by focusing solely on textbooks. Knowledge of the specificities of the historical, the intellectual, the political and the educational layers of the context in which they are embedded as well as the complex linkages between identifications articulated in these layers, is required. Based on this finding, this thesis attempts to formulate a theoretical model that enhances the understanding ofhow national identity is produced, sustained, transformed and dismantled discursively in history textbooks.
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Savvides, Petros. "The role of Athens and the invisible factors that formulated the outcome of the Cyprus crisis in 1974." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7595/.
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The thesis investigates the role of the Greek junta in the Cyprus Crisis of 1974 and analyses the invisible and complex components, including the foreign factors, which determined its outcome. Initially it examines the backstage of the intra-Greek collision between Brigadier-General Ioannides in Athens and Archbishop Makarios in Nicosia, as well as the subversive planning, including the possibility of US implication, and the military operations of the Greek coup that dethroned the Cypriot president on 15 July. It analyses the critical preinvasion days (15-19 July), which offered a clear operational forewarning over Turkish strategic intentions, and the Athenian strategic miscalculations, for the timely mobilization of the Greek-Cypriot forces, against the imminent invasion on 20 July. Then it focuses on the analysis of the offensive and defensive operations during the two phases of the Turkish invasion, and examines the difficulties encountered by the Turkish forces as well as the causes that pre-determined the Greek-Cypriot defensive failure. The thesis concludes with the implicating responsibility of foreign powers, which silently acquiesced to the deterioration of a crisis that ended with the military partition of the island Republic: the surprising Soviet silence, the fluctuating behaviour of Whitehall, and the ambiguous role of Washington which, under the dominance of Kissinger, played a critical role in encouraging, rather than deterring, Turkish strategic objectives.
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Vernet, Yannick. "L'Apollon de Chypre : naissance, évolution et caractéristiques du culte apollinien à Chypre de ses origines à la fin de l'époque héllénistique." Thesis, Avignon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AVIG1154/document.
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Cette recherche doctorale se propose d'analyser et de déterminer le contexte d'émergence du culte apollinien à Chypre ainsi que ses caractéristiques et son évolution de ses origines jusqu'à la fin de la période hellénistiqueThis doctoral dissertation aims to analyse and define the context of apparition of the Apolline cult in Cyprus as well as its characteristics and its evolution from its origins until the end of the Hellensitic era
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Strong, Paul Nicholas. "The economic consequences of ethno-national conflict in Cyprus : the development of two siege economies after 1963 and 1974." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/97/.
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This thesis examines the economic aftermath of ethno-national conflict in a small European economy. Events in 1963 and 1974, led to the de facto division of a small nation-state, ethnically and geographically. Since the conflict, the different communities have remained on a war footing, having had no normal communications. For each, one of these watersheds is perceived as an economic catastrophe. The effect of arbitrarily dividing an already small economy was significant. It has been argued, however, that the large-scale uprooting of one community was seized on as a development opportunity, so the thesis examines the recovery mechanisms employed by both communities and assesses their relative economic impact. In a comparative context, economic growth and development are compared before and after de facto division, both across the ethnic division and with similar small and regional economies that have, in the period, largely retained conflict within the politicai process. Despite Problems, economic growth both sides of a UN Buffer Zone compare favourably with ali of the selected peer economies. However, with both communities having a clear perception of the cost of division, a dynamic model has been created to determine a benchmark for all-island, integrated economic growth. How would the economy have performed, if growth had not been disrupted by ethno-national conflict? How sustainable are two competing, non-communicating economies, sharing one small Mediterranean island?
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Ozbafli, Aygul. "Estimating the willingness to pay for a reliable electricity supply in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3265/.
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This dissertation estimates households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for an improved electricity service in North Cyprus. Stated WTP is estimated using choice experiments (CE), contingent valuation methods (CVM), and approximated using the averting expenditure (AE) method. These estimates rely on data collected from 350 in-person interviews conducted during the period August 5-22, 2008. Using the Tobit model, an average household’s averting expenditures are estimated to be 3.13 YTL/month. In the CVM section, the spike model with varying spike, varying mean, and constant standard error specification results in a median WTP of 23.03 YTL per month and a mean WTP of 29.14 YTL per month. Using CE, compensating variation estimates for eliminating summer and winter outages are calculated using parameter estimates from the mixed logit (ML) model with interactions. The compensating variation is 6.65 YTL per month and 25.83 YTL per month respectively. Among the three valuation methodologies, WTP per hour unserved ranges from 0.13 YTL (0.11 USD) to 1.22 YTL (1.03 USD). In order to avoid the cost of outages, households are willing to incur a 1.5%-13.5% increase in their monthly electricity bill.
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Michel, Anaïs. "Chypre à l'épreuve de la domination lagide : recherches épigraphiques sur la société et les institutions chypriotes à l'époque hellénistique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0366.
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L’objectif de cette étude régionale est de mobiliser la documentation épigraphique locale pour tenter d’appréhender la société chypriote de l’époque hellénistique et les enjeux internes de l’administration lagide. Elle s’inscrit en cela dans la continuité des travaux récents dans le domaine des études chypriotes. L’intégration profonde de Chypre dans la koinè politique et culturelle hellénistique est l’une des principales conséquences de la domination lagide sur Chypre. Parmi les marqueurs importants de l’intégration de l’île dans ce milieu culturel commun, l’adoption de la rhétorique honorifique propre aux cités grecques est particulièrement significative. La mise en évidence d’une notabilité locale constitue un des enjeux principaux de cette étude. L’importance des traditions religieuses dans la société chypriote, l’implantation manifeste des Ptolémées et de leurs représentants dans les grands sanctuaires, invitent également à analyser en détail les relations d’emprise mutuelle décelées entre les cultes locaux et les souverains lagides. L’étude de la représentation honorifique des Ptolémées se révèle, sur ce point, capitale. La longue période hellénistique de Chypre semble in fine s’insérer de façon cohérente dans le système politique et administratif local, fondé de façon traditionnelle sur la coexistence d’un roi et de cités. Les modalités de la négociation entamée par les cités chypriotes avec le pouvoir lagide, si elles ne sont pas entièrement élucidées par la lecture du corpus épigraphique, relèvent d’une interprétation locale, ouverte et affirmée de la relation entre les poleis et les souverains à l’époque hellénistiqueThis regional study focuses on Cypriot epigraphic evidence in order to understand the Hellenistic Cypriot society and the local issues of the Ptolemaic administration. The in-depth integration of Cyprus into the Hellenistic political and cultural koine is one of the major consequences of the Ptolemaic conquest. The adoption of common Greek honorific practices is one of the most evident indicators of this process. This study first highlights the presence and the activity of a local elite. The importance of religious traditions in Cyprus, the explicit presence of the Ptolemies and of their officials in the great sanctuaries of the island, encourage to study in detail the relations of reciprocal influence between Cypriot cult and the Ptolemaic kings. The numerous documents regarding the honorary representation of the Ptolemies in Cyprus is crucial. The epigraphical documentation shows the dialogue between local elites and the Ptolemaic administration. The long Hellenistic period of Cyprus seems in fine to fit into the local political and administrative system, traditionally based on the joint existence of king and cities. The subtleties of the negotiation initiated by the Cypriot cities with the Ptolemaic power, though they are not fully elucidated by the epigraphic evidence, prove to be the results of a local, open and self-aware interpretation of the relationship between the poleis and the Ptolemaic kings
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Schriwer, Charlotte. ""From water every living thing" : water mills, irrigation and agriculture in the Bilād al-Shām : perspectives on history, architecture, landscape and society, 1100-1850 AD." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7080.
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This work explores the role of the watermill in the history and society of Jordan, Syria and Cyprus from the 12th to the 19th century. Previous studies in this area have been limited, and have usually assumed the watermills in the Levant to date from the Ottoman period. This work aims to suggest that many of the mills still extant today in fact date from an earlier period. A review of the historical documentation and archaeological material is the main background of this study, while an examination of the watermills themselves aims to provide a permanent record of these before they disappear due to rural and urban development. A review of available reference material regarding the role of the mill in Levantine economy and society from the medieval to late Ottoman periods emphasises the importance of the watermill in rural and urban areas of the Levant in a historical period of fluctuating economic stability. The reference material consists mainly of historical accounts by travellers and chroniclers, legal documents such as treaties, charters and waqf documents, as well as archaeological, environmental and socioeconomic studies of the Levant from the medieval to the early modem period. The broad nature of this study aims to form a basis for future research with a more detailed focus in these disciplines.
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Lindqvist, Adam. "The Late Bronze Age Sanctuary at Ayios Iakovos: Dhima Revisited." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Antikens kultur och samhällsliv, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323917.
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År 1929 grävde den Svenska Cypernexpeditionen ut en helgedom daterad till den tidiga delen av Sencypriotisk II (1400-1340/1315), namngiven Ayios Iakovos: Dhima. Kring ett terrakotta-kar återfann arkeologerna flera värdefulla och exotiska föremål. Sedan dess har platsen och dess fynd tolkats på många olika sätt, utan någon egentlig klarhet. Genom att göra en systematisk studie över det hittills opublicerade skärvmaterialet har nya slutsatser om platsen kunnat läggas fram. Tidigare tolkningar om ett kronologiskt gap under Sencypriotisk I kan nu ifrågasättas. Det finns belägg för ett kontinuerligt bruk från Mellancypriotisk III fram tills platsen övergavs under Sencypriotisk II. Den stora mängden slutna kärl, förknippade med transport av väldoftande oljor och salvor, vittnar om de aktiviteter som en gång företogs på platsen. Dessutom visar närvaron av typiska rituella dryckeskärl ett av de tidigaste exemplen på utvecklingen av Cypriotisk rituell tradition, nu separerad från de tidigare starka banden till gravriter.
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Katsiaounis, Rolandos. "Labour society and politics in Cypus during the second half of the nineteenth century." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/labour-society-and-politics-in-cypus-during-the-second-half-of-the-nineteenth-century(62345590-fee6-4381-9439-e6a13ea140f1).html.
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Cannavo, Anna. "Histoire de Chypre à l’époque archaïque : Analyse des sources textuelles." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20073/document.
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Ce travail mets à profit la connaissance que nous pouvons avoir des documents épigraphiques et littéraires concernant Chypre pour formuler de nouvelles interprétations à propos de la structure politique, économique et sociale de l’île avant l’âge classique. Dans le corpus de documents sont étudiées les sources primaires, celles qui ont été trouvées sur l’île (inscriptions chypro-syllabiques, phéniciennes, akkadiennes, égyptiennes), et celles qui ont une autre origine, mais qui concernent directement Chypre (inscriptions néo-assyriennes ; inscriptions chypriotes trouvées hors de Chypre ; documents en hébreu et en égyptien), ainsi que les sources sécondaires, (passages bibliques mentionnant Chypre ; passages d’auteurs classiques). Dans la synthèse, les documents sont analysés et interprétés selon des thèmes de recherche privilégiés. Une étude des données rassemblées par ville ou royaume permet d’introduire la problématique de l’origine et des caractères de la royauté chypriote ; à ce propos, une comparaison est proposée avec la royauté mycénienne et avec la structure politique de l’île à l’âge du Bronze Récent. Sont étudiés également les éléments dont on dispose pour la reconstruction de la structure sociale de l’île, et le problème de l’existence de la polis à ChypreThis work draws informations from the epigraphic and literary documents concerning Cyprus in order to formulate new interpretations about the political, economic and social structure of the island before the Classical age. In the corpus of documents the primary sources are studied, those that have been found on the island (Cypro-syllabic, Phoenician, Akkadian and Egyptian inscriptions), and those that have a different origin, but dealing with Cyprus (Neo-Assyrian inscriptions ; Cypriot inscriptions found outside the island ; documents in Hebrew and Egyptian), as well as the secondary sources (biblical texts mentioning Cyprus ; passages of Classical authors). In the main text the documents are analysed and interpreted according to some main research themes. The study of the evidence collected for each city or kingdom allows to introduce the problem of the origin and characters of Cypriot kingship ; on this subject, a comparison is proposed with Mycenaean kingship, and with the political structure of the island in the Late Bronze Age. The evidence available for the reconstruction of the social structure of the island is also studied, as well as the problem of the existence of the Greek polis in Cyprus
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Dinocola, David. "Selling Sunshine: How Cypress Gardens Defined Florida, 1935-2004." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3454.
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This thesis examines the relationship between Cypress Gardens and the state of Florida. Specifically, it focuses on how the creator of the park, Dick Pope, created his park after his own idealized vision of the state, and how he then promoted both his park and Florida as one and the same. The growth and later decline of Cypress Gardens follows trends in Florida's growth patterns and shifts in tourism. This study primarily uses a combination of newspaper sources and promotional pictures and other media from the park to explain how Pope attempted to make Cypress Gardens synonymous with Florida. In doing so, this paper presents a history of the park during the Pope family ownership (1935-1985), while also looking at the legacy of the park until 2004.M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA
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Vilizzi, Lorenzo. "Age, growth and early life history of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the River Murray, South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and synopsis only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv711.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Zoology, 1998?Addendum and erratum pasted onto back fly leaf. Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-215).
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Watson, James. "The theory of neo-enosis: The Republic of Cyprus's EU membership as an objective of Pan-Hellenic nationalism A history." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27931.
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The Greek Cypriot struggle for enosis, or union with Greece, dominated Cypriot politics until the military coup and Turkish invasion of 1974. But the roots of the enosis movement maintained their Pan-Hellenic character, later resurfacing with the declaration of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in 1983 and surviving in the traditional institutions of the Greek Cypriot state. The Orthodox Church, the National Guard, and 'Hellenic-centred' education all identified with the Greek Cypriot struggle for union with Greece. The concept of neo-enosis, or new union, is presented as the political objective of the Cypriot Republic from the late 1980s. Its dual objectives were to bring Cyprus politically closer to Greece through the island's application to the European Union and to pressure Turkey into accepting a Cyprus settlement. The Republic of Cyprus's application to the European Union, as argued by the theory of neo-enosis, was therefore a political manifestation of the resurgent Greek nationalism on Cyprus post-1974.
The process of European Union accession strengthened the Hellenic bonds between Cyprus and Greece. Cypriot accession was only assured by a Greek threat to prevent any European enlargement unless Cyprus was accepted in the first wave of expansion to Eastern Europe. This joint effort required the common exertion of both states politically, economically, and militarily. Greek and Cypriot membership in the EU consolidates and strengthens these links. The European Union was therefore used as a vehicle for a Pan-Hellenic nationalist agenda.
The accession of the Republic of Cyprus to the European Union also linked potential Turkish EU membership to a Cyprus settlement. The Greek Cypriots could threaten a veto of Turkish EU entry as long as the island remained divided. This second function of the theory of neo-enosis produced the 'Annan Plan', rejected by the Greek Cypriots because of its perceived unfavourable conditions. Joint European Union membership provides the Republic of Cyprus and Greece with a forum in which to formalize national policies and devise a final settlement that maintains the territorial integrity of the entire island.
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Fenoy, Laurent. "Chypre île refuge, 1192-1473 : migrations et intégration dans le Levant Latin." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30062.
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Bien des sources chrétiennes relayées par des études des XIX et XXe siècles considèrent la domination des Lusignan en Chypre comme la manifestation d’un double affrontement interconfessionnel. Les rois latins auraient fait de l’île un refuge face à l’expansion de l’Islam avant d’avilir les autochtones Grecs en s’appuyant sur des « réfugiés conquérants », à savoir les Francs et leurs alliés chrétiens orientaux chassés du Proche-Orient. Mais à l’aune de l’écheveau migratoire de la Méditerranée orientale, sauf à exagérer l’impact de l’affrontement entre croisade et jihad, l’ampleur et la nature des migrations affectant Chypre entre 1192 et 1473 ne permettent pas de caractériser l’île par la notion de refuge chrétien: dans la continuité de migrations pluriséculaires Chypre demeure une terre d’accueil façonnée par des dynamiques réticulaires souvent étrangères aux logiques de confrontations interconfessionnelles. Le rôle de Chypre comme île refuge se lit mieux dans sa dimension de conservatoire des nations, lequel s’affirme au même rythme que s’érige une identité chypriote. La reconnaissance officielle de la singularité de chaque communauté peut parfois hiérarchiser la société au profit des seulsLatins : elle n’en fonde pas moins une organisation insulaire consensuelle, car en revêtant un tour intercommunautaire le débat social et identitaire prémunit des dynamiques assimilatrices et favorise l’intégration progressive de tous les Chypriotes aux affaires du royaume. L’île s’impose alors comme un refuge des cultures où une hyper-identité chypriote coiffe autant d’hypo-identités que Chypre compte de nations, permettant à tous les Kypriotes de vivre ensemble sans se confondreMany christian sources relieved by studies of the XIX and XXth centuries consider the Lusignan rule over Cyprus as the expression of a double interconfessional confrontation. Latin kings would have turned the island into a refuge in front of the expansion of the Islam before degrading the Greek natives by leaning on “conquering refugees”, namely Franks and theireastern christian allies, forced to flee the Middle East. But compared with the migratory hank of the oriental Mediterranean Sea, unless overstating the impact of the confrontation between crusade and jihad, the scale and the nature of the migrations regarding Cyprus between 1192 and 1473 do not allow to characterize the island by the notion of christian refuge: in the continuity of plurisecular migrations Cyprus remains a land of welcome shaped by reticular dynamics often extraneous to interconfessional confrontations. The role of Cyprus as refuge island is clearer in its dimension of nations conservatory, which asserts itself with the same rhythm as sets up itself a Cypriot identity. The official recognition of the singularity of every community can sometimes organize into a hierarchy the society for the benefit of the Latins only ones: but it founds a consensual island organization, because by taking on an intercommunity turn, the social and identity debate protects against assimilatrices dynamics and favours the progressive integration of all the Cypriots into the kingdom’s affairs. The island then stands out as a refuge of the cultures where a chypriote hyper-identity heads up so manyhypo-identities as Cyprus boasts nations, allowing all Kypriotes to live together without becoming confused
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Halczuk, Agnieszka. "Le rôle des inscriptions dans la vie sociale, religieuse et politique de Chypre : Le cas des inscriptions paphiennes (XIe-IIIe siècle av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2079.
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L’objectif de cette étude est une analyse contextuelle des inscriptions à l’époque des royaumes et pendant la haute période hellénistique. Elle vise également à déterminer le rôle des inscriptions tant dans la politique menée par les rois de la cité-royaume de Paphos que dans la vie de la communauté qui l’a habitée. Ce thème de recherche n’a encore jamais été abordé sous cet angle. Les inscriptions en syllabaire paphien qui constituent une source fondamentale de cette recherche datent du VIIIe au IVe siècle av. J.-C. et couvrent donc toute la période de l’existence du royaume paphien. Ainsi, l’étude approfondie des supports, des lieux d’exposition, du ductus et du contenu des inscriptions a pour objectif de mieux comprendre à qui s’adressaient les inscriptions, comment des documents officiels pouvaient-ils servir des buts politiques et quelle était la place du monument inscrit dans la topographie de la ville et dans sa vie sociale et politique. À l’heure où Alexandre le Grand se lançait à la conquête de l’Orient, les rois chypriotes jouissaient d’une autonomie certaine au sein de l’empire achéménide. Mais en 332 av. J.-C., ils se rangèrent du côté macédonien. À la mort du Conquérant, Chypre se trouva au coeur des luttes entre les Diadoques et fut âprement disputée entre Ptolémée et Antigone. Au cours de cette période, l’île a été progressivement intégrée dans le royaume ptolémaïque ce qui se manifeste entre autres par le changement de l’écriture syllabique en alphabet, le passage du dialecte chypriote à la koiné et dans le domaine politique par la transformation des cités royaumes en cités de type grec. Les inscriptions alphabétiques de Paphos du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. permettent de mieux comprendre cette période de transition et la mise en place du pouvoir lagide. Cet aspect de ma recherche s’inscrit en cela dans la continuité des travaux récents dans le domaine des études chypriotes. L’ensemble de la documentation est réunie dans le corpus épigraphique qui a été réalisé sous forme numérique, à l’aide de l’encodage XML-TEI. Ce nouveau moyen d’édition offre l’opportunité d’analyser les inscriptions sous tous leurs aspects et de croiser rapidement différents types d’informations. L’analyse des textes en fonction de leurs supports et de leurs lieux de provenance ajoutera un angle de recherche qui n’a jamais été exploité dans le cadre d’une édition d’inscriptions chypriotesThe aim of this research is a contextual analysis of the syllabic inscriptions of the first millennium B.C. as well as alphabetical text of the 3rd century B.C. discovered in Paphos. One of the main goals of this study is to determine the role of inscriptions in the politics of the Paphian kings and in the life of the community that lived in this ancient City-Kingdom. The inscriptions in Paphian Syllabary are the main source of this research. They appear in the period comprised between the 8th and the 4th century B.C. which is at the same time the chronological range of existence of the Paphian kingdom. The study of supports, of places where the inscriptions were exposed, of the ductus and of their content allow to draw some conclusions concerning the recipients of those documents, their place in the city and their role in royal propaganda. When Alexander the Great started his military campaign in the Orient, the Cypriot City-Kingdoms were autonomous states even though under Persian control. In the period following the death of Alexander, Cyprus was gradually integrated into the Ptolemaic empire. During this period one can observe numerous continuities andruptures in Cyprus. Therefore, the 3rd century B.C. can be considered as a transitory period during which the syllabic script was replaced with alphabetic one, the City-Kingdoms were transformed into Hellenistic cities and instead of local, Cypriot dialect the Greek koiné began to be used. All of the epigraphic sources from the Paphian kingdom were resembled in a digital, epigraphic corpus encoded using Epidoc and TEI recommendations. Such a solution offers a great deal of advantages. One of the most important is the possibility to cross different type of information concerning an inscription (support, content, date etc.)
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Harris, Sarah Elizabeth. "Colonial forestry and environmental history: British policies in Cyprus, 1878-1960." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3244.
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The forests of the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus, famous for their extent in antiquity, were described as severely damaged by misuse over the preceding centuries at the time of the British arrival on the island in 1878. The British colonial authorities sought to remedy this "degradation", and their success in doing so before their departure in 1960 has seldom been questioned. This dissertation examines this accepted history of the colonial period by utilizing archival, ethnographic, and physical data and focusing upon the British impact on the landscape as well as the relationship between the British authorities and the Cypriot people. This reappraisal suggests several points. The British approached the Cypriot forests with certain misunderstandings and misconceptions in 1878. They believed that the majority of the forested areas on the island were unregulated commons, which they were not. They further misread the landscape by assuming that its appearance, quite different from that of a humid and temperate biome, indicated degradation. Within these concerns of degradation, they misinterpreted the Cypriot rural economy by holding that shepherds and agriculturalists did not and could not mix. These misunderstandings of Mediterranean ecology, combined with prevailing ideas for good forest management and agricultural intensification, and hampered by inadequate budgets, resulted in policies that did not initially "return" the forests to any imagined state of past verdure, and may instead have been harmful in certain aspects. Yet the British officials did not behave according to traditional stereotypes of colonial rulers either. The actions of many of the colonial foresters were not solely driven by a desire for instant profit; instead the majority consistently attempted to maintain and ameliorate the forests both for indirect ecosystem benefits (which they recognized would be remunerative to the island as a whole, even if not immediately to the department) and direct benefits of timber production. The meticulous records in the archives display a concern with doing what was best for the forests and for the people, which inevitably led to conflicts as to what was "fair" for the forest and "fair" for the inhabitants, however defined.text
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Daniels, Barbara A. "Diplomacy and its discontents : nationalism, colonialism, imperialism and the Cyprus problem (1945-1960)." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3130.
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"Games of Thrones: Board Games and Social Complexity in Bronze Age Cyprus." Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.40805.
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abstract: This study frames research on board games within a body of anthropological theory and method to examine the long-term social changes that effect play and mechanisms through which play may influence societal change. Drawing from ethnographic literature focusing on the performative nature of games and their effectiveness at providing a method for strengthening social bonds through grounding, I examine changes in the places in which people engaged in play over the course of the Bronze Age on Cyprus (circa 2500¬–1050 BCE), a period of increasing social complexity. The purpose of this research is to examine how the changes in social boundaries concomitant with emergent complexity were counteracted or strengthened through the use of games as tools of interaction.
Bronze Age sites on Cyprus have produced the largest dataset of game boards belonging to any ancient culture. Weight and morphological data were gathered from these artifacts to determine the likelihood of their portability and to identify what type of game was present. The presence of fixed and likely immobile games, as well as the presence of clusters of portable games, was used to identify spaces in which games were played. Counts of other types of artifacts found in the same spaces as games were tabulated, and Correspondence Analysis (CA) was performed in order to determine differences in the types of activities present in the same spaces as play.
The results of the CA showed that during the Prehistoric Bronze Age, which has fewer indicators of social complexity, gaming spaces were associated with artifacts related to consumption or specialty, heirloom and imported ceramics, and rarely played in public spaces. During the Protohistoric Bronze Age, when Cyprus was more socially complex, games were more commonly played in public spaces and associated with
artifacts related to consumption. These changes suggest a changing emphasis through time, where the initiation and strengthening of social bonds through the grounding process afforded by play is more highly valued in small-scale society, whereas the social mobility that is enabled by performance during play is exploited more commonly during periods of complexity.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2016
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Daniel, Adam J. "Detecting exploitable stages in the life history of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) in New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/3970.
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Vilizzi, Lorenzo. "Age, growth and early life history of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the River Murray, South Australia / Lorenzo Vilizzi." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19083.
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Addendum and erratum pasted onto back fly leaf.Bibliography: p. 169-215.
xiv, 215 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Determines a reliable method of age determination, evaluates models of growth in wild populations, assesses growth patterns, describes the onset of the juvenile period, monitors the early life history of a wild population and reviews the literature on carp ecology.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Zoology, 1998?
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Pulsford, Ian Frank. "History of disturbances in the white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla) forests of the lower Snowy River Valley, Kosciusko National Park." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143071.
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