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Journal articles on the topic 'Cyprus – International status'
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1
Coppieters, B. "Domestic and international sovereignty: the disputes over the status of Abkhazia, Northern Cyprus, and Taiwan." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 1 (2022): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2022-1-47-66.
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Sovereignty is a key concept in discourses regarding the disputes over the status of Abkhazia, Northern Cyprus, and Taiwan. It helps the conflicting parties to communicate their positions regarding their preferred status of the contested territory and indicates the limits that negotiations are not permitted to transgress. It frames a parent state’s policy of nonrecognition, intended to prevent permanent separation, and a contested state’s policy of recognition to prevent its own subordination. In defending their claims, the conflicting parties do not enjoy equal conditions. The contested state’s lack of recognition weakens its position in the international order. The parent state will make use of this asymmetry at the international level to weaken the contested state’s claims to sovereignty. The contested state, by contrast, will try to achieve legal recognition through international agreements. This is possible with regard to competences that it exercises as a de facto territorial authority. This means that the control a contested state exercises at the domestic level is transferred to the international level, to strengthen its claims to sovereignty. The distinction between domestic and international sovereignty is useful for analyzing these strategies and conflict dynamics. This article analyzes disputes over the status of a breakaway territory in terms of these two categories. In particular, it explores how nonrecognition policies by parent states and recognition policies by contested states at the international level affect the latter’s sovereignty at the domestic level.
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Rozinskaya, N. "Foreign experience of development under embargoand implications for the Crimea." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 20, 2017): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-8-138-148.
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The article analyzes the experience of Northern Cyprus in developing its economy and particularly its export potential under international sanctions. It is concluded that the status of the non-recognized territory is not an unbreakable obstacle for the economic growth and preserving international competitiveness. Such a status seriously undermines the export of goods, but allows the export of services, i.e. attracting foreign tourists and students. The author proposes to use practical measures undertaken by Northern Cyprus in order to contribute to export of services in the interests of the Russian Crimea development.
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Guden, Nafiya, Mete Unal Girgen, Tulen Saner, and Erkan Yesilpinar. "Barriers to sustainable tourism for small hotels in small island developing states and some suggested remedies." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 13, no. 4 (May 31, 2021): 510–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-02-2021-0032.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the barriers and difficulties small hotels encounter in Cyprus and to identify possible solutions and remedies. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on both academic and trade literature to explore the challenges facing small hotel operations in Cyprus, both in the South and in the North of the Island and some possible remedies. Interviews with representatives from 12 small hotels across Cyprus were conducted online and in person. Findings Cyprus is a small island that is vulnerable to fluctuations in tourism numbers, has limited economic independence, unique characteristics of biological and cultural diversity, scarce resources and fragile and sensitive ecosystems. The Northern part of the island is more vulnerable and highly dependent on economic support from Turkey. Further, the North has less international support because of its status, while small hotels in the Republic of Cyprus benefit from being able to promote themselves internationally. In contrast, hotels in the North have more limited scope to promote their activity. Originality/value This paper raises awareness of the barriers to sustainable tourism and especially as it relates to small hotels in small island developing states. One of the main findings is that there are common barriers relating to sustainable tourism in both North and South Cyprus.
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Sobczyński, Marek. "Cypr – wyspa wielokrotnie podzielona granicami politycznymi." Studia Polityczne 48, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 177–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/stp.2020.48.2.08.
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The article analyses the transformations of political divisions of the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea – Cyprus (with an area of only 9285 km2). In almost all historical periods, the island’s political unity was rare, and its territorial divisions are almost the norm. One can also observe the deepening process of territorial diversifi cation of Cyprus, which, paradoxically, has reached its apogee nowadays. Currently, it is possible to distinguish as many as 17 separate territorial fragments with different international status on the island.In Cyprus, there are currently two states and two colonial territories (Great Britain) and an internationalised area, as well as one territory with unknown status (Varoşa). No political unit in Cyprus has territorial continuity. One of these countries is a full member of the European Union and so the other territories are therefore in special relations with this organisation. The process of the political and territorial unification of the island, which has been going on for several decades, is suspended in practice and the hopes that are stirred up every few years that it will reach the final this time always turn out to be premature.
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Direkli, Mehmet. "A New Period in the Cyprus Conflict: Can Anastasiadis and Akıncı Change the Status Quo?" European Review 24, no. 1 (February 2016): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798715000496.
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A new leading actor has been added to the Cyprus Conflict. The winner of the Presidential elections held on the morning of Sunday, 26 April 2015, in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti – TRNC) was the independent candidate Mustafa Akıncı. Both Nicos Anastasiades, who was elected President of the Republic of Cyprus in 2013, and Akıncı are rare leaders supporting the Fifth Annan Plan, which was rejected in a referendum by the Greek Cypriots in 2004. One of the most vital catalysts that could play a role in the resolution of the Cyprus Conflict is a charismatic leader who aims for the resolution of the conflict. Whether the current Presidents have this personality and can change the current balances that are monopolized by the conservatives-nationalists on the Island will be revealed as a result of the negotiations. This article briefly tackles the UN parameters relative to the Cyprus Conflict and addresses the problems awaiting Presidents Anastasiades and Akıncı during the peace negotiations that have started anew.
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Caligiuri, Andrea. "On the Legal Regime of Waters Off the Disputed Territories in the Eastern Mediterranean." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 31, no. 1 (November 11, 2022): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-03101004.
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Abstract This paper analyses how the legal status of the disputed territories of Northern Cyprus and the Gaza Strip affects the legal regime of waters off their coasts. For both situations, the analysis focuses on the following fundamental issues: the legal regime of maritime disputed territories; the maritime delimitation disputes between each disputed territory and States with opposite or adjacent coasts; and the legal regime of natural resources of the waters off the coasts of a disputed territory. In particular, the legal opinions expressed by Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the State of Palestine are scrutinized, offering an assessment in the light of the relevant rules of the law of the sea and other pertinent rules of international law.
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Kushnir, Yа. "Features of the legal status of the temporarily occupied territories: comparative and legal aspect." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 1(49) (June 8, 2021): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2021.1(49).233114.
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The author of the article makes a comparative legal description of Ukrainian temporarily occupied territories’ legal status through the prism of the international experience that the Republic of Cyprus and Georgia had. Normalization of the legal status of the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine is a priority of the national legislator. However, the question is how effective this direction is. Scientific research is being held to find the answer to this question. It is carried out due to identifying common and distinctive features of the law enforcement practice of the Republic of Cyprus, as one of the longest and most successful examples of counteracting the temporary occupation. The absence of a legal definition of the status of the temporarily occupied territories of Cyprus is established within the framework of national legislation. Moreover, the demarcation line is characterized and the order of crossing the demarcation line is established. Common and distinctive features of normalization of this array of public relations are determined. In disclosing the results of this part of the study, the author establishes an approach to the definition and consolidation of the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine concerning specific values that are defined by national and international law. Further explorations of the study are conducted taking into account the practice of Georgia, a country whose practice was taken into account directly in the development of national regulators of the status of the temporarily occupied territory. In the course of the research, the author reveals the reasons why the temporarily occupied territories appeared and their consequences for Georgians. The normative basis for settling this issue is singled out, the impossibility of the order of entry / exit to/from the temporarily occupied territory, the responsibility for violating the order of crossing the demarcation line is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the common features of the definition of the temporarily occupied territories of both states, and the distinctive features of further regulation.
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Connolly, John, Anne Gifford, Direnç Kanol, and Omur Yilmaz. "The role of transnational education in public administration and public affairs to support ‘good governance’ in the Turkish republic of North Cyprus." Teaching Public Administration 36, no. 3 (November 10, 2017): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144739417738952.
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This article addresses the role and opportunities for public administration and public affairs education in North Cyprus. The context of the research is situated within a transnational education partnership between the University of the West of Scotland and the Management Centre of the Mediterranean (Nicosia, North Cyprus). The dominant narrative of the article is, based on the case of North Cyprus, to provide key insights into why public administration and public affairs education is a force for development in governance and civil society terms. The political context of North Cyprus is such that it is in the midst of significant change based on the twin governance challenges of, first, uncertainty regarding its international status (following the Cypriot coup d’etat and Turkish intervention in 1974 that led to North declaring independence in 1983 and becoming the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus) and, second, efforts to accommodate ‘acquis communautaire’ in order to progress towards EU accession (subject to successful reunification with the South). An underpinning reflective consideration in the article relates to how such educational programmes, based on a franchised model, address aspects of ‘good governance’ (often based on a Western paradigm) but, at the same time, are also suitably responsive to local civil society and political contexts.
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Demenko, Oleksandr. "Greek-Turkish Relations: Current Status and Opportunities to Reduce Confrontational Potential." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXII (2021): 635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2021-32.
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The article examines Greek-Turkish relations, whose periodic aggravation is one of the pressing problems of modern international relations. The main reasons for the conflict in relations between Greece and Turkey are: the unresolved Cyprus problem; historical and civilisational contradictions; non-compliance with the rights of national minorities in both countries; the struggle for access to energy resources in the Eastern Mediterranean; unresolved issues regarding the delimitation of territorial waters, the continental shelf, exclusive economic zones, and airspace in the Aegean Sea. Analysis of the current stage in the development of Greek-Turkish relations allows us to make a conclusion about their instability and a high level of conflict potential, which is exacerbated by the irreconcilable positions of the parties on the key bilateral issues, historical prejudices, and domestic political factors. This has a negative impact on the security situation in the Eastern Mediterranean. At the same time, it is hoped that the political will of both countries, the resolute position of NATO, the EU, and the US on finding a mutually acceptable compromise and establishing dialogue, trust, and mutual tolerance between the two neighbouring states will eliminate the threat of a military conflict. The experience of dynamic cooperation between Greece and Turkey in the late 20th – early 21st centuries shows that the normalisation of relations between these countries is quite possible. The reduction of confrontational potential will be facilitated by the following factors: renunciation of belligerent and offensive rhetoric and threats of the use of force; demilitarization of the Aegean basin; normalisation and development of Turkey’s relations with the European Union; strengthening of trade and economic relations between Greece and Turkey; search for opportunities to jointly produce and transport energy resources; cooperation in culture and tourism; efforts to reach a compromise in the settlement of the Cyprus problem. Keywords: Greek-Turkish relations, conflict, Cyprus problem, ‘Aegean crisis’, Eastern Mediterranean.
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Berg, Eiki, and Raul Toomla. "Mission impossible in Cyprus? Legitimate return to the partnership state revisited." Nationalities Papers 41, no. 2 (March 2013): 276–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2012.759552.
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Cyprus has been divided for far longer than it has been united. There have been many attempts to reconcile conflicting parties but without remarkable success. The two communities — Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots — see the solution to the “Cyprus problem” in opposite terms. Although recent public opinion surveys have concluded that the most preferred option for the Turkish Cypriots would be “independence of the TRNC” and “reunification of the country”, for the Greek Cypriots, there is much less information about the legitimacy of these competing regimes and their respective claims. This paper seeks to fill this gap by identifying different legitimacy sources and their effect on the course of conflict settlement. Somewhat paradoxically it appears that those most strongly identifying themselves with the Republic of Cyprus, and approving the regime legitimacy of the Greek Cypriot government, are actually for status quo and not for the reunification of the country which makes the return to the partnership state mission impossible.
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Psaltis, Charis, Huseyin Cakal, Neophytos Loizides, and Işık Kuşçu Bonnenfant. "Internally displaced persons and the Cyprus peace process." International Political Science Review 41, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512119872057.
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The article focuses on Greek Cypriot internally displaced persons and their attitudes towards the island’s reunification talks. We utilize quantitative data from two representative sample surveys, conducted in 2016–2017, which probed respondents on their views on territorial readjustments, property provisions and power-sharing. Contrary to the current findings in the literature, internally displaced persons status is associated with higher levels of support for a negotiated peace settlement. The article examines the impact of anticipated threats and economic opportunities accompanying a settlement and suggests a set of institutionalized mechanisms to incorporate the views of internally displaced persons and other disadvantaged groups in future reunification talks.
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Kyprianidou, Maria, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Konstantinos C. Makris, Maria Kambanaros, Costas A. Christophi, and Konstantinos Giannakou. "The Lifestyle Profile of Individuals with Cardiovascular and Endocrine Diseases in Cyprus: A Hierarchical, Classification Analysis." Nutrients 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081559.
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The study aims to explore the lifestyle profile of adult individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in Cyprus. Age and sex-specific analyses were applied. A representative sample of the general adult population was recruited during 2018–2019 using stratified sampling among the five government-controlled municipalities of the Republic of Cyprus. Data on Mediterranean diet adherence, quality of sleep, smoking status, physical activity, Body Mass Index, and the presence of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases were collected using a validated questionnaire. Diseases were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). A total of 1140 men and women over 18 years old (range: 18–94) participated in the study. The prevalence of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases among the adult general population of Cyprus was 24.8% and 17.2%, respectively, with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in men, and a higher prevalence of endocrine diseases in women. Among individuals with cardiovascular disease, 23.3% were aged between 18–44 years old, while the corresponding percentage among endocrine disease individuals was 48%. The prevalence of smoking, physical activity, a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, poor quality of sleep and obesity among the study population was 35.5%, 48.0%, 32.9%, 39.0% and 13.6%, respectively. Individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases were characterized by poor quality of sleep, inadequate physical activity, and a higher BMI. This is the first study in Cyprus exploring the profile of individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in Cyprus. Health promotion and educational programs focusing on the importance of sleep quality, healthier dietary habits, physical activity, and lower BMIs among people with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases should be developed.
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Carr, Mike. "Michael J. Walsh, Tamás Kiss and Nicholas S.H. Coureas (eds). The Harbour of all this Sea and Realm: Crusader to Venetian Famagusta." Journal of Greek Archaeology 2 (January 1, 2017): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v2i.621.
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This volume derives from the editors’ desire to stimulate interest in the fascinating medieval town of Famagusta, located on the east coast of Cyprus, and to underpin the urgency in saving its valuable heritage. The book begins with a three-part multi-authored introduction by Michael Walsh, Tamás Kiss and Nicholas Coureas. Walsh’s section (pp. 3-8) highlights the precarious state of the walled city of Famagusta and the problems faced in preserving it. In 2008 it was placed on the international Watch List of Endangered Sites by the World Monuments Fund and the city remains ineligible to apply for UNESCO World Heritage Site status because of the current political situation.
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Rappas, Alexis. "European Imperial Rule through Ottoman Land Law: British Cyprus, the Italian Dodecanese, and French Mandatory Syria." Itinerario 46, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115321000358.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on the articulation between property, sovereignty, and the construction of new political subjectivities in post-Ottoman provinces. Drawing on the cases of British Cyprus, the Italian Dodecanese, and French Mandatory Syria, it shows that European sovereign claims on these territories were pursued through the perpetuation of Ottoman land laws and the reorganisation of the judicial system responsible for implementing them. Dictated by the enduring legal uncertainty regarding the international status of these three provinces, this peculiar path to imperium did not deter European officials from working towards the ambitious goal of creating a class of individual peasant-proprietors, protected in their rights by colonial courts. Acknowledging the differences between these projects, their mutual influences, as well as their relative failure, the article contends that they nonetheless impel us to envision the transition from “Ottoman” to “European” rule as a gradual, multilayered process, instead of a sudden break.
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Kletou, Demetris, Periklis Kleitou, Ioannis Savva, Martin J. Attrill, Stephanos Charalambous, Alexis Loucaides, and Jason M. Hall-Spencer. "Seagrass of Vasiliko Bay, Eastern Mediterranean: Lost Cause or Priority Conservation Habitat?" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090717.
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Mediterranean coasts are affected by multiple mounting pressures. In Cyprus, marine fish farming has grown rapidly in the past decade and is concentrated in the west side of Vasiliko Bay. The east coast of this bay has ports, a power station, a desalination unit, a cement factory, a major new oil terminal, and gas storage facilities. The bay is earmarked to create the largest hydrocarbon processing, storing, and transport facility in the region. Here, we assess the status of Posidonia oceanica habitat in an understudied region at the upper thermal, and eastern limit, of this Mediterranean endemic seagrass. An extensive ancient seagrass meadow was revealed, covering about 200 ha across 10 km of coastline, over soft substrata at ca 10–30 m depth, and over hard substrata at ca 0–6 m depth. Seagrass shoot density and leaf surface area decreased, both with increasing depth and with proximity to industrial developments; part of the meadow had been destroyed by dredging to build a jetty. Close to fish farms the seagrass had higher epiphytic biomass as well as lower leaf number, mass, and surface area, all of which indicate adverse effects of eutrophication and increased turbidity. Despite these multiple stressors, most of the meadow was in good ecological status, with some of the highest shoot densities ever reported. Furthermore, iconic species like sea turtles, monk seals, and dolphins were seen during sampling. Posidonia oceanica meadows off Cyprus are among the most valuable in the Mediterranean due to their tolerance of high seawater temperatures. Managers of future coastal developments in the region will need to adhere to European legislation and international conventions designed to secure the socioeconomic benefits of seagrass beds.
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Hudzelyak, Iryna. "POLITICAL MAP OF THE WORLD: ACTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 52, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.1.14.
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Scientific approaches to highlighting the main elements of the political map of the world have been updated. The criteria of the state in the political-geographical context have been considered. The list of the main elements of the political map of the world - states, quasi-states, and non-self-governing territories has been offered. These are those entities that have a territory and borders with varying degrees of control, as well as the political system as one of the subsystems of society with varying degrees of internal and external sovereignty and institutional formation.The state is a territorially organized and politically sovereign society. Based on political and geographical criteria (state territory, borders, population, internal and external sovereignty) and customary approaches in the system of international relations (predominant recognition of sovereignty by UN member states), three types of states have been identified: sovereign states (187 UN member states and UN observer state - Vatican); sovereign states not recognized by one or more states (6 UN member states - Armenia, Israel, North Korea, PRC, Republic of Cyprus, Republic of Korea); sovereign states that de facto do not exist, but are de jure recognized by many states (UN observer state - Palestine). In 2021 the total number of sovereign states is 195.
The definition of quasi-states is based on the same criteria, and the typology takes into account in each case the degree and features of the manifestation of these features at the present stage. Quasi-states are countries that have the following characteristics: clear geographical parameters (territory, borders); population characterized by the linguistic, cultural, ethnopolitical, or social community; limited or no external sovereignty; weak domestic political power of the government to lead the country. Six types of quasi-states have been identified: countries whose sovereignty is partially recognized (Kosovo); countries that are de facto sovereign, but de jure not recognized by most states in the world (Taiwan); countries with partial international recognition, but limited control over their territory and lack of internal legitimacy of power (Western Sahara); countries formed as a result of external armed intervention and recognized only by the aggressor state and its geopolitical allies (Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus); countries that are de facto sovereign, but de jure not recognized by any state in the world (Somaliland); countries without international recognition and with limited control over the territory (Nagorno-Karabakh).
Non-self-governing territories are such political-territorial entities that are under the jurisdiction of another state, or on the basis of concluded mutual agreements, another state is entrusted with part of administrative and security functions. These are former colonial possessions that have not yet exercised their right to political self-determination. The degree of dependence on the management area in each case is unique, so it is difficult to distinguish types, and their number is constantly declining.
Not-essential elements of the political map of the world are those territories to which the jurisdiction of sovereign states and the rules laid down in international treaties or the first and second at the same time. These are political-territorial formations of hybrid object-subject status: territories with the mixed regime (exclusive (maritime) economic zone and continental shelf); territories with a special regime (international straits, international sea canals, international rivers, and lakes, buffer zones); territories with an international regime (Arctic and Antarctic, high seas, airspace outside state territories, seabed and its subsoil outside exclusive economic zones and the continental shelf, outer space, moon, and other celestial bodies); territories contested by several states.
Keywords: political map of the world, state, quasi-state, country, political-territorial formation.
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Stratilatova, A., R. Ahmadeev, E. Golubcova, and A. Agapova. "Double Tax Treaties: Fiscal Security of the State." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 9, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2021-9-2-65-70.
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In today's economy, the basis for optimal tax policy is a holistic approach in the application of international agreements to avoid double taxation. Contracts applicable between jurisdictions are the main instruments for resolving tax disputes and conflicts by taxpayers. The validated double taxation process in each country depends to a large extent on the structure of the tax base, the status of the taxpayer and the established rules for determining taxable income. The object of the study is social relations arising in the field of legal regulation of double taxation. In turn, the subject of study is legal norms, international treaties and agreements regulating social relations arising in the sphere of legal regulation of double taxation. In the practice of international taxation, more than 3000 bilateral international treaties on avoidance of double taxation of personal income and prevention of tax evasion are applied, whereas in Russia, this figure exceeds 80 existing agreements. Under the current legal system, the provisions of double taxation agreements have priority over the provisions of the domestic tax legislation. The analysis of changes in bilateral international double taxation treaties between Russia and Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta in 2020 allowed identifying important aspects of their legal application and formulating the main tasks necessary for the development of tax potential and successful cooperation in the field of regulation of trade and economic relations.
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Stratis, Socrates. "Contested Fronts Archive: Emancipatory urban practices for constructive conflict transformation." Art & the Public Sphere 9, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2020): 163–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/aps_00040_1.
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Decolonizing archiving practices is about emancipatory actions rather than databases. It is about conveying a multitude of actions where conflictual narratives exist. The process of democratization of societies in conflict could take place by increasing the degree of access, of the constitution and of interpretation of archives that have to do with collective memory and urban knowledge. In spaces of conflict, however, any kind of public archive, and collective memory are under the control of the dominant political powers. They use them to sustain divisive status quos. ‘Contested Fronts: Commoning Practices for Conflict Transformation’ challenges such control. It is the curatorial project of the Cyprus pavilion, curated by the author, for the 15th Venice Biennale of Architecture. It is an open-source archive, part of an agonistic architecture, that assembles international spatial practices, networks and pedagogical programmes. They are complementary to an activist Cypriot project, the ‘Hands-on Famagusta’ project. They all offer methods, inspirations and imaginaries about constructively transforming conflicts by encouraging the emergence of emancipatory commoning practices to support the commons during a potential reunification of the divided island of Cyprus. In the article, I shortly discuss the political dimensions of archive and its use by critical spatial practices. I further on, discuss issues concerning conflict and how its transformation can have constructive or destructive consequences. Additionally, I unpack the three notions constituting the ‘Contested Fronts’ commoning practices, those of countermapping, threshold and controversy. I examine how ‘Contested Fronts’ constitute an open-source archive thanks to its content, to its performativity as well as to its manifestation in the form of exhibition-on-the move.
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Kıralp, Şevki. "A history of resentment and violence: The fight for status and ethnic conflict in Cyprus (Bir hınç ve şiddet tarihi: Kıbrıs’ta statü kavgası ve etnik çatışma)." Turkish Studies 21, no. 3 (June 8, 2019): 494–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2019.1629817.
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Wappa, John Peter. "An Investigation into the Attitudes and Practices of Nigerian Students towards the Use of English Language and Their Native Languages in a Culturally Diverse Society." Education, Language and Sociology Research 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2020): p6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v1n1p6.
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The study investigated the attitudes and practices of Nigerian students towards the use languages (English and native) in a culturally diverse society as the native languages are endangered because the English language is taking over the world linguistic environment as a lingua franca. Ten students who speak different Nigerian native languages were selected randomly from an international university (pseudonym) in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). A qualitative research method was adopted for the study using multiple sources of data collection, which include unstructured interview, personal stories, field notes and informal chats. The findings indicated that they acquired their native languages from birth at home, while they learn additional languages in their environment. They have positive attitudes towards the native languages, indicated by the value accorded them while English enjoys its official position. It was found out that the native languages were used for solidarity, prayers, identity and heritage preservation, whereas English language pertains the status of official language. In summary, Nigerian students studying in a culturally diverse context aim at preserving their language, culture, and identity by using it in their daily lives while they prefer using English language only for official purposes.
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Glybovets, Victoria, and Yuliia Khvesyk. "THE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TOURIST STREAMS OF UKRAINE FOR THE PERIOD FROM 2012 TO 2017." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 64 (2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2021.64.21-28.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of tourist streams between Ukraine and other countries of the world, as well as to identify the factors that influence the development of international tourism most of all. Research methodology. The most important statistical indicators that characterize tourist streams are the number of Ukrainians who visited other countries for tourist purposes and the number of tourists - citizens of other countries, who arrived in Ukraine. In our study of the tourist streams of Ukraine the mathematical indicator that reflects the features of tourist streams and their socio-economic importance for the development of international tourism in the country, namely the coefficient of tourist exchanges, was used. Selected for the research were the countries visited by more than 50 thousand tourists from Ukraine for at least 2 years in a row. The total number of the tourists includes persons who travelled for official, tourism, and private purposes (without vehicle servicing personnel and servicemen). Results of the research. Most tourists from Ukraine go to neighboring countries, namely to Russia, Moldova, Belarus, Poland, Romania, Hungary, and Turkey. Turkey is a popular holiday destination among Ukrainians, because it's close to Ukraine and can provide tourists with a good service. It is necessary to take into account the fact that a large number of Ukrainians work abroad, mainly in Europe, as well as in Russia. When these people leave for a foreign country, they can state their visit is private, not working; therefore, they are mistakenly defined as tourists. The donor countries of tourists who come to Ukraine are (the coefficient tends to "1") Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and the United States. The countries for which Ukraine is a donor of tourists are the (coefficient tends to "-1") United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Cyprus, Spain, Greece, Austria, Turkey, and Poland. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the coefficient of tourist exchanges of Ukraine in relation to 29 countries of the world for 2012 and 2017 was calculated. The donor countries of tourists coming to Ukraine, as well as the countries for which Ukraine is a donor of tourists were identified. Practical significance. It is to reveal the fact that Ukraine is a donor country for tourists. Given the fact that Ukraine is rich in tourist resources, over time, using the experience of tourist countries around the world, it can change this status and receive more foreign tourists.
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Ironsi, Chinaza. "Perceptions of English Language Students on the Relevance of ‘EFL’, ‘ESL’ and Other Such Terms in Contemporary Turkish Contexts." REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 3, no. 2 (August 19, 2021): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v3i2.6318.
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Over the years, there has been an ongoing debate on the relevance of certain terms like ESL, EFL. Several linguists have argued that these terms do not represent a wide range of language users under varying circumstances, given their various proficient language competence levels. In a bid to unveil the extent to which this presupposition applies to the use of ESL and EFL terms. A group of 36 participants from a school in North Cyprus was purposively chosen for this quantitative study. Four research questions were to be investigated. Questionnaires were used to collect vital data from the participants on their perceptions on terms like ESL and EFL. After analysis, results were collected, analysed and used to make cases for redefining the concepts of ESL and EFL terms, especially within the Turkish-Cypriot setting. A notable finding of this study was that the participants believed that terms like EFL ESL do not adequately define their language status. They further suggested that more appropriate terms should be used. The study suggested using English as an international and intranational language instead of the former terms, among other suggestions. This study adds to the corpus of research showing that while acronyms like EFL and ESL are relevant in English language education, more emphasis should focus on improving learner's four language skills which directly impacts their performance and production of the target language.
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Codreanu, Tudor A., Antonio Celenza, and Ali A. Rahman Alabdulkarim. "Factors Associated with Discussion of Disasters by Final Year High School Students: An International Cross-sectional Survey." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 4 (July 6, 2015): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15004896.
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AbstractIntroductionThe effect on behavioral change of educational programs developed to reduce the community’s disaster informational vulnerability is not known. This study describes the relationship of disaster education, age, sex, and country-specific characteristics with students discussing disasters with friends and family, a measure of proactive behavioral change in disaster preparedness.MethodsThree thousand eight hundred twenty-nine final year high school students were enrolled in an international, multi-center prospective, cross-sectional study using a pre-validated written questionnaire. In order to obtain information from different educational systems, from countries with different risk of exposure to disasters, and from countries with varied economic development status, students from Bahrain, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, and Timor-Leste were surveyed. Logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between the likelihood of discussing disasters with friends and family (dependent variable) and a series of independent variables (age, gender, participation in school lessons about disasters, existence of a national disaster educational program, ability to list pertinent example of disasters, country's economic group, and disaster risk index) captured by the questionnaire or available as published data.ResultsThere was no statistically significant relationship between age, awareness of one’s surroundings, planning for the future, and foreseeing consequences of events with discussions about potential hazards and risks with friends and/or family. The national educational budget did not have a statistically significant influence. Participants who lived in a low disaster risk and high income Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country were more likely to discuss disasters. While either school lessons or a national disaster education program had a unique, significant contribution to the model, neither had a better predictive utility.ConclusionsThe predictors (national disaster program, school lessons, gender, ability to list examples of disasters, country’s disaster risk index, and level of economic development), although significant, were not sufficient in predicting disaster discussions amongst teenagers.CodreanuTA,CelenzaA,AlabdulkarimAAR.Factors associated with discussion of disasters by final year high school students: an international cross-sectional survey.Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(4):1–9.
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Garrido-Cumbrera, M., H. Marzo-Ortega, L. Christen, L. Carmona, J. Correa-Fernández, S. Sanz-Gómez, E. Mateus, et al. "AB0675 COUNTRY COMPARISON ON THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES. RESULTS FROM THE REUMAVID STUDY (PHASE 1)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2372.
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Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every aspect of life of European patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).Objectives:The aim is to evaluate country differences on the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on life habits, healthcare access, health status, mental health and wellbeing in European patients with RMDs.Methods:REUMAVID is an international collaboration led by the Health & Territory Research group at the University of Seville, together with a multidisciplinary team including patient organisations and rheumatologists. This cross-sectional study consisting of an online survey gathering data from patients with a diagnosis of 15 RMDs in Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Participants were recruited by patient organisations (April-July 2020). The Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests were used to analyse differences between countries and independent variables.Results:1,800 patients participated in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (REUMAVID). 37.8% of Spanish patients increased their smoking consumption during the pandemic followed by Cyprus (32.1%) and Portugal (31.0%), while alcohol consumption was higher in the UK (36.3%) and France (27.0%). 82.3% of patients in Spain unable to attend their appointment with their rheumatologist, either due to cancellations or other personal reasons. Access to primary care was most limited in Portugal and Italy, where only 45.0% and 51.6% got access. 61.9% in Italy and 53.3% in Spain experienced a worsening of their health during the pandemic. 68.5% in Spain and 67.8% in Portugal were at risk of anxiety. The highest proportion at risk of depression was found in Greece (55.4%), Cyprus (55.1%), and Italy (54.8%). 66.9% of patients in Spain reported poor wellbeing, compared to 23.8% in Italy and 30.1% in Portugal (Table 1).Conclusion:The first wave of the pandemic and the related containment measures heterogeneously affected patients with RMDs across European countries, who overall increased harmful habits, experienced more difficulties in accessing healthcare and, reported poor mental health and well-being.Table 1.Bivariate analysis between European countries (N=1,800, unless specified)Mean ± SD or n (%)UKn: 558Spainn: 464Francen: 229Greecen: 57Cyprusn: 101Italyn: 127Portugaln: 264- Inflammatory arthritis1509 (91.2)402 (86.6)147 (64.2)33 (57.9)57 (56.4)89 (70.1)120 (45.5)- Fibromyalgia53 (9.5)14 (3.0)26 (11.4)14 (24.6)28 (27.7)53 (41.7)124 (47.0)- Connective tissue disease236 (6.5)15 (3.2)13 (5.7)25 (43.9)33 (32.7)30 (23.6)61 (23.1)- Osteoarthritis140 (25.1)29 (6.3)102 (44.5)0 (0.0)8 (7.9)15 (11.8)13 (4.9)- Osteoporosis50 (9.0)3 (0.6)20 (8.7)2 (3.5)9 (8.9)18 (14.2)12 (4.5)- Vasculitis39 (1.6)1 (0.2)6 (2.6)3 (5.3)3 (3.0)5 (3.9)9 (3.4)- Sapho (only France)15 (6.6)Smoking, More than before.N= 55616 (10.3)48 (37.8)22 (24.7)8 (23.5)9 (32.1)8 (20.5)26 (31.0)Alcohol consumption, More than before. N= 1,08599 (36.3)48 (10.3)27 (27.0)4 (7.0)4 (4.0)4 (13.3)11 (18.3)Unable to meet rheumatologist. N= 72283 (48.8)186 (82.3)27 (30.3)18 (64.3)22 (51.2)9 (31.0)77 (56.2)Access to primary care. N= 68987 (76.3)65 (67.7)32 (76.2)14 (60.9)17 (60.7)65 (51.6)117 (45.0)Change in health status, Much worse or worse. N=1,786214 (38.4)245 (53.3)98 (43.0)24 (42.9)38 (38.4)78 (61.9)135 (51.9)WHO-5. Poor well-being (≤50).N= 1,777292 (52.5)303 (66.9)100 (43.9)21 (37.5)46 (46.5)30 (23.8)78 (30.1)Risk of anxiety. N= 1,769241 (43.6)309 (68.5)118 (52.0)31 (55.4)61 (62.2)78 (61.9)175 (67.8)Risk of depression. N= 1,769186 (33.6)232 (51.4)101 (44.5)31 (55.4)54 (55.1)69 (54.8)138 (53.8)Note: all relations were significant at the 0.001 level. 1Including: Axial Spondyloarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Gout and Peripheral Spondyloarthritis; 2Including: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjögren’s Syndrome, Systemic Sclerosis and Myositis; 3Including: Polymyalgia Rheumatic and Vasculitis or Arteritis.Acknowledgements:This study was supported by Novartis Pharma AG. We would like to thank all patients that completed the survey as well as all of the patient organisations that participated in the REUMAVID study including: the Cyprus League Against Rheumatism (CYPLAR) from Cyprus, the Association Française de Lutte Anti-Rhumatismale (AFLAR) from France, the Hellenic League Against Rheumatism (ELEANA) from Greece, the Associazione Nazionale Persone con Malattie Reumatologiche e Rare (APMARR) from Italy, the Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), from Portugal, the Spanish Federation of Spondyloarthritis Associations (CEADE), the Spanish Patients’ Forum (FEP), UNiMiD, Spanish Rheumatology League (LIRE), Andalusian Rheumatology League (LIRA), Catalonia Rheumatology League and Galician Rheumatology League from Spain, and the National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society (NASS), National Rheumatoid Arthritis (NRAS) and Arthritis Action from the United Kingdom.Disclosure of Interests:Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Helena Marzo-Ortega Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Biogen, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, Laura Christen Employee of: Novartis Pharma AG, Loreto Carmona: None declared, José Correa-Fernández: None declared, Sergio Sanz-Gómez: None declared, Elsa Mateus Grant/research support from: Lilly Portugal, Sanofi, AbbVie, Novartis, Grünenthal S.A., MSD, Celgene, Medac, Janssen-Cilag, Pharmakern, GAfPA., Souzi Makri Grant/research support from: Novartis, GSK and Bayer., Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos: None declared, LAURENT GRANGE: None declared, Serena Mingolla: None declared, KATY ANTONOPOULOU: None declared, Dale Webb Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Biogen, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis and UCB, Clare Jacklin Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi & UCB, Shantel Irwin: None declared, Victoria Navarro-Compán Grant/research support from: Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB
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Garrido-Cumbrera, M., H. Marzo-Ortega, J. Correa-Fernández, S. Sanz-Gómez, L. Christen, and V. Navarro-Compán. "POS1175 ASSESSMENT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PEOPLE WITH RHEUMATIC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES IN EUROPE. RESULTS FROM THE REUMAVID STUDY (PHASE 1)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 868–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.956.
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Background:The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis affecting people worldwide, including those with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).Objectives:REUMAVID aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the wellbeing, mental health, disease activity and function, access to health care and treatment, support services, and hopes and fears of people RMDs.Methods:REUMAVID is an international collaboration led by the Health & Territory Research group at University of Seville, Spain, together with a multidisciplinary team including patient organization and rheumatologists. This cross-sectional study consisting of an online survey gathering data from patients with a diagnosis of 15 RMDs in Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. Participants are recruited by patient organizations. Data is collected in two phases: 1) during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (Spring 2020), and 2) as a follow-up to the pandemic (Winter 2020). This analysis presents descriptive results of the aggregated data, summarizing continuous and categorical variables.Results:A total of 1,800 RMD patients have participated in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (from early April to mid-June 2020). The most frequent reported diagnosis were axial spondyloarthritis (37.2%), rheumatoid arthritis (29.2%) and osteoarthritis (17.2%). Mean age was 52.6±13.2, 80.1% were female, 69.6% were in a relationship or married and 48.6% had university studies. In total, 1.1% had tested positive for COVID-19, 10.8 % reported symptoms but were not tested, while 88.1% did not experience any symptoms. 46.6% reported worsening health during the pandemic. 63.9% perceived their health status to be “fair to very bad”. Access to care was limited with 58.4% being unable to keep the rheumatologist appointment, of which, 35.2% were cancelled by the provider and 54.4% was attended by phone or online. 15.8% changed their medication, for which 65.5% were changed by the provider and 24.6% by own decision. Reported wellbeing and psychological health during the pandemic was poor, with 49.0% reporting poor wellbeing according to the WHO-5 scale, 57.3% marking as anxiety and 45.8% as depression in the HADS scale. During the pandemic, 24.6% smoked and 18.2% drank more than before and 54.5% were unable to exercise at home.Conclusion:Results from the first phase of REUMAVID show disturbance of the healthcare quality, substantial changes in harmful health behaviors and an unprecedented impairment of mental health in REUMAVID participants. REUMAVID will continue to collect information in order to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in people affected by RMDs across Europe.Acknowledgements:This study was supported by Novartis Pharma AG. We would like to thank all patients that completed the survey as well as all of the patient organisations that participated in the REUMAVID study including: the Cyprus League Against Rheumatism (CYPLAR) from Cyprus, the Association Française de Lutte Anti-Rhumatismale (AFLAR) from France, the Hellenic League Against Rheumatism (ELEANA) from Greece, the Associazione Nazionale Persone con Malattie Reumatologiche e Rare (APMARR) from Italy, the Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), from Portugal, the Spanish Federation of Spondyloarthritis Associations, the Spanish Patients’ Forum (FEP), UNiMiD, Spanish Rheumatology League (LIRE), Andalusian Rheumatology League (LIRA), Catalonia Rheumatology League and Galician Rheumatology League from Spain, and the National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society (NASS), National Rheumatoid Arthritis (NRAS) and Arthritis Action from the United Kingdom.Disclosure of Interests:Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Helena Marzo-Ortega Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Biogen, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, José Correa-Fernández: None declared, Sergio Sanz-Gómez: None declared, Laura Christen Employee of: Novartis Pharma AG, Victoria Navarro-Compán Grant/research support from: Abbvie, BMS, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB.
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Sonyel, Salâhi R. "Turkish Cypriots - A People Unfairly Treated And Isolated by the International Community." Belleten 73, no. 266 (April 1, 2009): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2009.179.
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The struggles of the Turkish people of Cyprus for their existence and human rights began immediately after the signing of the Cyprus Agreement, on 4 June 1878, between the Ottoman State and England (Britain), giving the latter the right to occupy Cyprus provisionally. These struggles accelerated following attempts by the Greek Cypriots, pampered by the British, to aspire for enosis (union with Greece), and reached the zenith after the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus in 1960. The Greek Cypriots, who believed that the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus was provisional, and dreamt of the Megali Idea (Great Ideal), in the fulfilment of Greek imperialism, prepared various secret plans and plots in order to cow down, and eliminate the Turkish Cypriots, which they began to implement in 1964. However, there were splits and divisions among them, which led to the Sampson coup d'etat in 1974. However, there were splits and divisions among them, which led to the Sampson coup d'etat in 1974, thereby causing Turkey to intervene, as one of the guarantor powers, in order to protect the Turkish Cypriots against the Greek-Cypriot plans to exterminate them. However, Western states and organisations, and particularly the European Union (EU), which admire, and are under the influence of, ancient Hellenes continued, and still continue, to recognise the government of South Cyprus as the 'legal government' of the whole island and refuse to recognise the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. As a result, the Turkish Cypriots have been subjected to isolation, unfairly and contrary to the principles of justice. In this monograph I shall try to reveal as to how and why the EU decided, with the pressure of Greece, to admit South Cyprus to membership contrary to the principles of fairness, justice and legality.
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Danilov, Alexey Vitalievich. "US public diplomacy in the Republic of Cyprus 1974-2004." RUDN Journal of World History 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-2-136-146.
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The article covers the period of the development of public diplomacy of the United States of America in the Republic of Cyprus. The chronological framework is determined by the process of historical formation of the US public policy and the beginning of the active implementation of public diplomacy programs on the island as a means of fulfilling foreign policy tasks. The author points out that the political course of the leadership of the United States from the second half of the 20th century was focused on more active inclusion of the country in international politics and the rejection of isolationism, which was primarily reflected in the departure from the postulates of the Monroe Doctrine and the entry of the United States into the First World War. This, in turn, had a great influence on the development of public diplomacy in the United States as a tool to promote the interests of the country, the creation of the necessary information support for foreign policy actions of the state, as well as a favorable image of the United States in other countries. For a long time, the USA did not consider Cyprus as one of the priorities of its foreign policy in the Eastern Mediterranean. This was largely due to the fact that Cyprus was part of traditional interests of Great Britain. Washingtons involvement in Cyprus occurred after the events of 1974 and the following Cyprus crisis. The United States focused on the Cyprus problem in the face of growing destabilization of the Middle East, showing interest in the logistics and transport infrastructure, a kind of natural outpost on the southeastern borders of NATO.
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Garrido-Cumbrera, M., H. Marzo-Ortega, L. Christen, L. Carmona, J. Correa-Fernández, S. Sanz-Gómez, P. Plazuelo-Ramos, et al. "AB0677 GENDER DIFFERENCES ON THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND LOCKDOWN IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES. RESULTS FROM THE REUMAVID STUDY (PHASE 1)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2417.
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Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted health, lifestyle, treatment and healthcare of European patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs).Objectives:The aim is to evaluate gender differences on the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the wellbeing, life habits, treatment, and healthcare access of European patients with RMDs.Methods:REUMAVID is an international collaboration led by the Health & Territory Research at the University of Seville, together with a multidisciplinary team including patient organisations and rheumatologists. This cross-sectional study consisting of an online survey gathering data from 1,800 patients with a diagnosis of 15 RMDs, recruited by patient organisations in Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom during the first phase of the pandemic (April-July 2020). Mann-Whitney and χ2 tests were used to analyse differences between gender regarding sociodemographic characteristics, life style, treatment, healthcare, and patient-reported outcomes.Results:1,797 patients were included in this analysis. 80.2% were female and a mean age of 52.6 years. The most common diagnosis was inflammatory arthritis (81.7% male vs 73.8% female). There was a higher prevalence of fibromyalgia among females (20% vs 7.0% male). Overall, females reported worse self-perceived health (67.0% vs 51.4%, p<0.001), higher risk of anxiety (59.5% vs 48.1%, p<0.001), and depression (48.0% vs 37.2%, p<0.001). Females reported a greater increase in smoking (26.5% vs 17.5%, p=0.001), although they were less likely to drink alcohol (34.5% vs 25.4%, p=0.013), and also engaged less in physical activity (53.0% vs 60.3%, p=0.045). Overall, females were more likely to keep their scheduled rheumatology appointment (43.3% vs 34.1% of males (p=0.049; Table 1) with a higher proportion of females having their rheumatic treatment changed (17.0% vs 10.7%, p=0.005).Conclusion:The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and the containment measures have worsened self-perceived health status of patients with RMDs, affecting genders differently. Females reported worse psychological health and life habits such as increased smoking and reduced physical activity, while males increased their alcohol consumption and were less likely to attend their rheumatology appointments.Table 1.Bivariate analysis by gender (N= 1,797 unless specify)Mean ± SD or n (%)P- valueMale(N= 355)Female(N= 1,442)Sociodemographic characteristicsDiseaseInflammatory arthritis1290 (81.7)1,064 (73.8)Fibromyalgia25 (7.0)287 (19.9)Connective tissue disease218 (5.1)195 (13.5)Osteoarthritis52 (14.6)255 (17.7)Osteoporosis10 (2.8)104 (7.2)Vasculitis37 (2.0)29 (2.0)SAPHO1 (0.3)14 (1.0)Age, years52.8 ± 14.252.5 ± 12.90.896Educational levelUniversity162 (45.6)711 (49.3)0.215Marital statusMarried or in relationship269 (75.8)983 (68.2)0.002*Member of a Patient organisation, N=1,795Yes188 (53.0)559 (38.8)<0.001*Patient-reported outcomesHADS Anxiety, N=1,766Risk168 (48.1)843 (59.5)<0.001*HADS Depression, N=1,766Risk130 (37.2)680 (48.0)<0.001*Wellbeing, N=1,774WHO-5 ≤ 50188 (53.4)681 (47.9)0.064Self-perceived health, N=1,783Fair or bad182 (51.4)958 (67.0)<0.001*Change in health status during COVID-19 pandemic, N=1,783Worse333 (94.1)1,339 (93.7)0.799Life style during COVID-19 pandemicSmoking, N=555More than before20 (17.5)117 (26.5)0.001*Alcohol consumption, N=1,083Quit drinking71 (25.4)277 (34.5)0.013Physical activity, N=1,126Yes144 (60.3)470 (53.0)0.045*Treatment and healthcareAble to meet rheumatologist, N= 721No89 (65.9)332 (56.7)0.049*Access to GP, N=688No43 (39.4)248 (42.8)0.5121Including: Axial Spondyloarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Gout and Peripheral Spondyloarthritis; 2Including: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjögren’s Syndrome, Systemic Sclerosis and Myositis; 3Including: Polymyalgia Rheumatic and Vasculitis or Arteritis.Acknowledgements:This study was supported by Novartis Pharma AG. We would like to thank all patients that completed the survey as well as all of the patient organisations that participated in the REUMAVID study including: the Cyprus League Against Rheumatism (CYPLAR) from Cyprus, the Association Française de Lutte Anti-Rhumatismale (AFLAR) from France, the Hellenic League Against Rheumatism (ELEANA) from Greece, the Associazione Nazionale Persone con Malattie Reumatologiche e Rare (APMARR) from Italy, the Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), from Portugal, the Spanish Federation of Spondyloarthritis Associations (CEADE), the Spanish Patients’ Forum (FEP), UNiMiD, Spanish Rheumatology League (LIRE), Andalusian Rheumatology League (LIRA), Catalonia Rheumatology League and Galician Rheumatology League from Spain, and the National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society (NASS), National Rheumatoid Arthritis (NRAS) and Arthritis Action from the United Kingdom.Disclosure of Interests:Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Helena Marzo-Ortega Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Biogen, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, Laura Christen Employee of: Novartis Pharma AG, Loreto Carmona: None declared, José Correa-Fernández: None declared, Sergio Sanz-Gómez: None declared, Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos: None declared, Souzi Makri Grant/research support from: Novartis, GSK and Bayer, Elsa Mateus Grant/research support from: Pfizer, grants from Lilly Portugal, Sanofi, AbbVie, Novartis, Grünenthal S.A., MSD, Celgene, Medac, Janssen-Cilag, Pharmakern, GAfPA., Serena Mingolla: None declared, KATY ANTONOPOULOU: None declared, LAURENT GRANGE: None declared, Clare Jacklin Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi & UCB., Dale Webb Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Biogen, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis and UCB., Shantel Irwin: None declared, Victoria Navarro-Compán Grant/research support from: Abbvie, BMS, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB
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Bouris, Dimitris, and George Kyris. "Europeanisation, Sovereignty and Contested States: The EU in northern Cyprus and Palestine." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 19, no. 4 (September 28, 2017): 755–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148117727534.
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Combining the literature on sovereignty and Europeanisation, this article investigates the engagement and impact of the European Union (EU) on contested states (states lacking recognition) through a comparative study of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) and Palestine. We find that characteristics of contested statehood mediate EU engagement and impact: the lack of international recognition limits EU’s engagement but encourages development promotion, international integration and assistance of local civil society. Lack of territorial control limits engagement, but ineffective government offers opportunities for development promotion and state-building. As such, and in addition to offering a rich empirical account of two prominent contested states, the article contributes to the discussion of international engagement by developing an innovative conceptual framework for understanding EU’s impact on contested states—a topic neglected within a literature dominated by conventional statehood or conflict resolution themes but very important given extensive international engagement in contested states—and related conflicts.
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Tragniuk, O., and T. Anakina. "Some issues of the application of public-law mediation with the participation of states in the settlement of the Cyprus conflict." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 6 (February 18, 2023): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.06.60.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of public law mediation in the settlement of international conflicts. Using the example of the armed confrontation on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus that took place in 1974, the authors analyze the role of international intermediaries (mediators) in resolving the armed conflict and overcoming its consequences. The causes of the Cyprus armed conflict are studied, and the conditions under which public law mediation is expedient are analyzed. At the same time, the conditions for providing mediation services in the settlement of such conflicts are evaluated.
In the conditions of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the study of the role of mediation in international law plays a positive role, taking into account the aspiration of some UN member states to play a positive peaceful conciliatory role in the cessation of military aggression by the aggressor state.
Along with the abovementioned, the positive features of public-law mediation are noted and the consequences of using this institute of mediation procedure in armed conflicts are described. The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of public legal mediation are expressed. It also describes the conditions under which the guarantor states assumed international obligations regarding the settlement of the Cyprus crisis.
The conclusions indicate attempts to settle it, which, unfortunately, did not find the support of the population of this island state. Along with this, it is noted that the subjects of public-legal mediation act as mediators not only in the solution, but also in the possible introduction of peaceful measures that will mitigate the international conflict. As an example, Turkey's participation in unblocking the work of Ukrainian seaports for the purpose of exporting food products by sea transport during the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022 is given.
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van Kessel, Robin, Rok Hrzic, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Aurélie Baranger, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat, Nefi Charambalous-Darden, Carol Brayne, Simon Baron-Cohen, and Andres Roman-Urrestarazu. "Autism and education—international policy in small EU states: policy mapping in Malta, Cyprus, Luxembourg and Slovenia." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 6 (September 3, 2020): 1078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa146.
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Abstract Background Special education provides an array of support that can advantageously meet special education needs (SEN) of children with autism. This report maps autism and SEN policies, and tension of international legislation in Malta, Cyprus, Luxembourg and Slovenia. Methods A policy path analysis was performed using a scoping review as fundamental methodological framework. Results Education for children with SEN developed from limited education towards segregation, and further to integration, and inclusion in mainstream education. International policy has greatly influenced the education systems under study. The rights to education and to have SEN addressed have been adopted in all countries. Inclusion is seen to be gradually incorporated by Malta, Cyprus and Luxembourg—closely following values of international documents through concise SEN policies. Slovenia’s education system remains segregated, indicating potential tension. Conclusions It appears that mainstream schools offer SEN services until no longer feasible for the child in the majority of investigated countries. Inclusion has become a guiding principle for most education systems under study. Finally, small states either commit to the implementation of inclusion or delay it and attempt to improve the education system for children with SEN in different ways.
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Lekakis, Nikos. "A theoretical approach to the Cyprus Problem: Neoclassical Realism with Neoliberalism." Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gssfj-2021-0005.
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Abstract This paper, which covers the period of the 2004 Annan Plan and its rejection to date, places the Cyprus Problem in an International Relations theoretic framework. It searches for a “foreign policy outcome,” essentially a decision by the leaders of the Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot communities, to politically reunite these two communities under the auspices of the UN. The paper provides a synthesis of the neo-liberal and the neoclassical realist paradigms, aiming to better interpret the existing experience and to shed light on the prospect of a future solution to the problem. The strategic environment for the Republic of Cyprus (RoC) and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is ‘permissive’ because the message sent by the international system for reunification does not require the use of hard power. The leaders of the two communities play a key role, although the strategic political culture in small states such as the TRNC is not developed and state-society relations are underdeveloped. Also, the civil society at large can play a role in influencing the leaders' images regarding the reunification opportunity.
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Mehtap-Smadi, Salime, and Majid Hashemipour. "In Pursuit of an International Education Destination." Journal of Studies in International Education 15, no. 5 (April 7, 2010): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1028315310365539.
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This research aims to explain why international students choose to pursue their education in a university in a small island state (North Cyprus)—which is suffering under international embargoes, yet has been successful in establishing a global higher education sector. One hundred and eighty-four international students studying at the Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU) answered a questionnaire that gauged their reasons for coming to EMU, their satisfaction with the university, and their willingness to transfer to another institution if given the chance. The top three reasons for choosing EMU were the internationally recognized diploma, reasonable tuition fees, and English medium of instruction. Although students did not seem to be dissatisfied with the university facilities and the education they were receiving, 58.9% indicated that they would still transfer to a university abroad. This shows that EMU needs to work harder at its retention strategies and to further improve student satisfaction. Implications for EMU management and guidelines for universities in other developing nations—in particular small island states with limited natural resources—who want to establish themselves as higher education centers are discussed.
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Leontopoulou, Sophie, Shane R. Jimerson, and Gabrielle E. Anderson. "An international exploratory investigation of students’ perceptions of stressful life events: Results from Greece, Cyprus, and the United States." School Psychology International 32, no. 6 (June 20, 2011): 632–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034311403059.
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The present exploratory study examined student perceptions of the stressfulness and incidence of life events across three countries—Greece, Cyprus and the United States. The participants include 378 6th-grade elementary school students. Students in the United States completed the ‘What Do You Think?’ questionnaire and its translated Greek form ‘Esy Ti Pistevis?’ in Greece and Cyprus to share their perceptions of stressful life events. Marked cross-cultural similarities were revealed regarding the life events students reported as most stressful. Events reported as most stressful included those that signified personal and irreversible loss, such as losing a parent, going blind, and academic retention. In addition, events characterized as socially taboo (e.g. being caught in theft, wetting in class), and poor academic performance (e.g. getting a poor report card) were also stressful for most children cross-culturally. These same events were the least common experienced among the students surveyed in the study. The results and limitations of this study are discussed.
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Metea, Ileana-Gentilia. "Forign Influences on the Geopolitical Evolution of Cyprus." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0018.
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Abstract The moments of turning around in Cyprus’ history have long been a source of opportunity for various state actors on the international stage, mentioning, on the one hand, the main stakeholders, Greece, Turkey, on the other, the big players, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia. The way they have taken advantage of certain situations has made a visible influence on the fate of the island’s inhabitants, but has also been a source of dispute at several levels: economic, geopolitical, geostrategic etc.
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Osiewicz, Przemysław. "The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as an Example of a Non-Recognized State." Perspektywy Kultury 31, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2020.3104.11.
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The issue of Cyprus remains one of the longest unregulated international disputes. For nearly half a century of the island’s de facto division, it has been one of the factors destabilizing the situation in the eastern Mediterranean. It has periodically led to tensions, not only between members of the two Cypriot communities, the Greek and Turkish Cypriots, but also between Greece and Turkey, and finally, Turkey and the European Union. The purpose of this article was to present the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as an example of a so-called unrecognized state and to assign it to an appropriate type of unrecognized states. The selected case was examined on the basis of the attributes of an unrecognized state, formulated by a leading researcher of this issue, Nina Caspersen, and a selected typology of unrecognized states.
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Koutrakos, Panos. "Legal Issues of EC–Cyprus Trade Relations." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 52, no. 2 (April 2003): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/52.2.489.
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Whilst the political aspects of Cyprus's membership to the European Union have become the main focus of academic analysis over the years, its trade relations with the Member States have raised issues just as interesting from a legal point of view. This has been illustrated quite recently by the Anastasiou II judgment delivered by the European Court of Justice in 2000. The article aims at highlighting some of these issues. It is structured in three parts: the first part outlines the provisions of the EC–Cyprus Association Agreement governing trade between the parties; the second part analyses the Court's first ruling on imports of certain produce from the northern part of Cyprus;1 the third part examines the recent judgment of the Court on imports of produce which, whilst originating in the northern part of Cyprus, are being accompanied by phytosanitary certificates issued by the Turkish authorities.
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Garrido-Cumbrera, M., H. Marzo-Ortega, L. Christen, L. Carmona, J. Correa-Fernández, S. Sanz-Gómez, P. Plazuelo-Ramos, et al. "AB0676 FEARS AND HOPES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES. RESULTS FROM THE REUMAVID STUDY (PHASE 1)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2405.
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Background:The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a rapidly evolving global crisis characterized by major uncertainty.Objectives:The objective is to assess COVID-19-related fears and hopes in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) during the first wave of the pandemic.Methods:REUMAVID is an international collaboration led by the Health & Territory Research group at the University of Seville, together with a multidisciplinary team including patient organisations and rheumatologists. This cross-sectional study consisting of an online survey gathering data from 1,800 patients with a diagnosis of 15 RMDs recruited by patient organisations in Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and, the United Kingdom. Data are collected in two phases, the first phase between April and July 2020, the second in 2021. Participants rated a series of fears (infection, medication consequences, lack of medication, impact on healthcare, job loss, civil disorder) on a Likert scale from zero (“no concern at all”) to five (“extremely concerned”) and their hopes (treatment/vaccine availability, going outside, travel, economic situation, treatment continuation, health status) on a Likert scale from zero (“not hopeful at all”) to five (“extremely hopeful”). The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyse the different fears and hopes according to socio-demographics characteristics, disease and health status.Results:1,800 patients participated in the first phase of REUMAVID. The most frequent RMDs group was inflammatory arthritis (75.4%), the mean age was 52.6 years and 80.1% were female. The most important fear for patients was the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare (3.1 out of 5), particularly for those younger in age (3.0 vs 3.2, p=0.004), female gender (3.2 vs 2. 9 of men, p=0.003), experiencing greater pain (3.1 vs 2.8, p=0.007), with higher risk of anxiety (3.3 vs 2.9 of without anxiety, p<0.001) and depression (3.3 vs 2.9 without depression, p<0.001). The possible impact of anti-rheumatic medication and the development of severe disease if they became infected with COVID-19,was mostly feared (2.8 out of 5), by those receiving biological therapy (3.1 vs 2.5 not biological therapy, p<0.001) or those with underlying anxiety (2.9 vs 2.6 without anxiety, p=0.007). The risk of contracting COVID-19 due to their condition (2.8 out of 5), was especially feared by those with vasculitis (3.2 out of 5), who were female (2.9 vs 2.5, p<0.001), using biologics (2. 9 vs 2.7 of no use, p=0.003), in greater pain (2.8 vs 2.4, p<0.001), with a risk of anxiety (3.0 vs 2.6 without anxiety, p=0.004), and risk of depression (3.0 vs 2.6 without depression, p<0.001). The major hopes were to be able to continue with their treatment as usual (3.7 out of 5), particularly for those taking biologics (3.8 vs 3.6 not taking, p=0.026), those with a better well-being (3.8 vs 3.6 with worse well-being, p=0.021), without anxiety (3.8 vs 3.6 at risk, p=0.004) and without depression (3.8 vs 3.6 at risk, p=0.007). Hoping not to become infected with COVID-19 and to maintain the same health status, were especially those who were older (3.6 vs 3.4 p=0.018) without anxiety (3.4 vs 3.6 at risk, p=0.005), and without depression (3.6 vs 3.4 at risk, p=0.006). Another important hope was the availability of a treatment or vaccine for COVID-19, which was important for patients experiencing better well-being (3.3 vs 3.0 with worse well-being, p<0.001; Figure 1).Conclusion:The outstanding COVID-19-related fear expressed by European patients with RMDs was its impact on healthcare, while the greatest hope was to be able to continue treatment. Younger patients reported more fears while older patients were more hopeful. Those receiving biologics had greater fears and hopes associated with their treatment. In addition, patients at risk of mental disorders presented greater fears and less hopes.Figure 1.Fears and Hopes of REUMAVID participantsAcknowledgements:This study was supported by Novartis Pharma AG. We would like to thank all patients that completed the survey as well as all of the patient organisations that participated in the REUMAVID study including: the Cyprus League Against Rheumatism (CYPLAR) from Cyprus, the Association Française de Lutte Anti-Rhumatismale (AFLAR) from France, the Hellenic League Against Rheumatism (ELEANA) from Greece, the Associazione Nazionale Persone con Malattie Reumatologiche e Rare (APMARR) from Italy, the Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), from Portugal, the Spanish Federation of Spondyloarthritis Associations (CEADE), the Spanish Patients’ Forum (FEP), UNiMiD, Spanish Rheumatology League (LIRE), Andalusian Rheumatology League (LIRA), Catalonia Rheumatology League and Galician Rheumatology League from Spain, and the National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society (NASS), National Rheumatoid Arthritis (NRAS) and Arthritis Action from the United Kingdom.Disclosure of Interests:Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Helena Marzo-Ortega Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Biogen, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, Laura Christen Employee of: Novartis Pharma AG, Loreto Carmona: None declared, José Correa-Fernández: None declared, Sergio Sanz-Gómez: None declared, Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos: None declared, Dale Webb Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Biogen, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis and UCB., Clare Jacklin Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi & UCB, Shantel Irwin: None declared, LAURENT GRANGE: None declared, Souzi Makri Grant/research support from: Novartis, GSK and Bayer., Elsa Mateus Grant/research support from: Lilly Portugal, Sanofi, AbbVie, Novartis, Grünenthal S.A., MSD, Celgene, Medac, Janssen-Cilag, Pharmakern, GAfPA., Serena Mingolla: None declared, KATY ANTONOPOULOU: None declared, Victoria Navarro-Compán Grant/research support from: Abbvie, BMS, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB
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WARNER, GEOFFREY. "The United States and the Cyprus crisis of 1974." International Affairs 85, no. 1 (January 2009): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2009.00785.x.
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Kushnir, Yaroslav. "COUNTERING TEMPORARY OCCUPATION: INTERNATIONAL ASPECT, FOREIGN EXPERIENCE, AND NATIONAL REALITIES." Law Journal of Donbass 74, no. 1 (2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-74-1-10-19.
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This article provides a comprehensive study in areas of counteraction to the temporarily occupied territories of a sovereign state. Regulations, doctrinal approaches, international experience serve as a subject to this study in the context of a set of functional national activities of states that have faced the issue of territories’ separation. Particular attention is paid to foreign experience in counteracting the temporary occupation through the prism of the Republic of Cyprus which held an activity to counter the so-called Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, as one of the most successful examples of confrontation with the temporarily occupied territories for a long time and comparing Ukraine's activities in this field. To this end, the author conducts a comprehensive analysis of measures aimed at combating the spread and recognition of the temporarily occupied territories of the Republic of Cyprus, as well as the scientific achievements of international scientists who have studied this issue. Analyzing these objects, the author carries out the qualification based on the criteria of differentiation of measures accepted by foreign scientists and determines which measures were implemented to solve the same problem in Ukraine. Given the personal experience of operational and service activities of the author and a deep awareness of this topic, it is proposed to expand the generally accepted areas of counteraction. The author provides the grounding of additional direction on how to counter the expansion and recognition of the Ukrainian temporarily occupied territories, disclosing a complex of measures which were, and can be introduced for its realization. The result of this study is the formation of the author's approach to defining the complex concept of «counteraction to temporary occupation», the formation of a list of national measures to combat the temporarily occupied territories, and their classification, as well as proposals for the most effective countermeasures and their further use in law enforcement.
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Richmond, Oliver P. "A genealogy of mediation in international relations: From ‘analogue’ to ‘digital’ forms of global justice or managed war?" Cooperation and Conflict 53, no. 3 (January 22, 2018): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836717750198.
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What does it mean to mediate in the contemporary world? During the Cold War, and since, various forms of international intervention have maintained a fragile strategic and territorially sovereign balance between states and their elite leaders, as in Cyprus or the Middle East, or built new states and inculcated new norms. In the post-Cold War era intervention and mediation shifted beyond the balance of power and towards the liberal peace, as in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Timor Leste. In the case of Northern Ireland, identity, territorial sovereignty, and the nature of governance also began to be mediated, leading to hints of complex, post-liberal formulations. This article offers and evaluates a genealogy of the evolution of international mediation.
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Camilleri, Silvio John, and Joseph Falzon. "The Challenges of Productivity Growth in the Small Island States of Europe: A Critical Look at Malta and Cyprus." Island Studies Journal 8, no. 1 (2013): 131–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.281.
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This paper looks at productivity growth rates in Malta and Cyprus and proposes policies as to how these island states might augment their productivity and competitiveness. We identify three possible growth strategies for the two islands: an InnovationOriented Economy, a Controlled InputCost Economy and an Opportunistic Growth Model. In order to infer which strategy might be best suited to the two states, we conduct a comparative analysis amongst different EU countries in terms of productivity yardsticks. We also evaluate trends in gross value added (GVA), employment levels, and unit labour costs (ULCs) in the most important economic sectors of Malta and Cyprus. The research suggests that a Controlled Input Cost model is best suited to most Maltese and Cypriot economic sectors. Possible policies aimed at fostering future growth and competitiveness in the island states are proposed.
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Garrido-Cumbrera, M., H. Marzo-Ortega, L. Christen, L. Carmona, J. Correa-Fernández, S. Sanz-Gómez, P. Plazuelo-Ramos, et al. "POS1213 IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND LOCKDOWN ON WELLBEING ON PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES. RESULTS FROM THE REUMAVID STUDY (PHASE 1)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 889.2–890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2396.
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Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the wellbeing of patients with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMDs).Objectives:The aim is to assess emotional well-being and its associated factors in patients with RMDs during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:REUMAVID is an international collaboration led by the Health & Territory Research group at the University of Seville, together with a multidisciplinary team including patient organisations and rheumatologists. This cross-sectional study consisting of an online survey gathering data from patients with a diagnosis of 15 RMDs in Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. 1,800 participants were recruited by patient organisations. Data was collected between April and July 2020. Participants were divided into two groups: 1) Participants with poor wellbeing (World Health Organization-Five Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) ≤ 50), 2) Participants with good wellbeing (WHO-5 >50). The Mann-Whitney and χ2 tests were used to analyse possible relations between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and outdoor contact with wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was used to determine the impact of the independent variables associated with poor wellbeing.Results:1,777 patients with 15 different RMDs were included. The mean age was 52.7, 80.2% female, 48.7% had a university degree, and 69.7% were married or in a relationship. The most frequent diagnoses were inflammatory arthritis (75.4%). 49.0% reported poor wellbeing. 57.7% of patients who belonged to a patient organisation reported good wellbeing (vs 46.3% who did not, p<0.001). Those who reported poor wellbeing had higher disease activity (51.4% vs 41.3%, p<0.001), a higher risk of anxiety (54.3% vs 41.7%, p<0.001) and depression (57.0% vs 42.1%, p<0.001), and poorer self-perceived health (53.0% vs 41.8%, p<0.001), compared to those who did not. A higher proportion of those who engaged in physical activity presented good wellbeing (54.0% vs 46.5%, p=0.012). 57.4% of the patients who were unable to attend their appointment with their rheumatologist reported poor wellbeing, compared to 48.2% who did attend (p=0.027). Patients who did not walk outside (56.2%) or who lacked elements in their home to facilitate outside contact (63.3%) experienced poor wellbeing (p<0.001). The factors associated with poor wellbeing were lack of elements in the home enabling contact with the outside world (OR=2.10), not belonging to a patient organisation (OR=1.51), risk of depression (OR=1.49), and not walking outside (OR=1.36) during the COVID-19 pandemic (Table 1).Conclusion:Almost half of the patients with RMDs reported poor emotional wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of elements in the home that facilitate outdoor contact, not belonging to a patient organisation, the presence of anxiety, and not walking outside during the pandemic increase the probability of poor emotional well-being. These results highlight the importance of environmental factors and the role of patient organisations in addressing the effects of the pandemic and its containment measures.Table 1.Logistic regression for poor wellbeing WHO-5 (N=1,104)Univariate logistic analysisMultivariate logistic analysisOR95% CI1OR95% CI1Patient organisation. Non-member1.571.30, 1.891.511.18, 1.93Disease activity (VAS ≥ 4)1.501.21, 1.861.160.85, 1.56Risk of anxiety (HADs, 0-21)1.671.38, 2.021.200.92, 1.58Risk of depression (HADs, 0-21)1.831.51, 2.211.491.12, 1.99Self-reported health. Fair to very bad1.581.30, 1.911.260.94, 1.68Change in health status. Worse1.271.06, 1.531.050.80, 1.38Physical activity. No1.351.07, 1.711.080.83, 1.40Talked with rheumatologist during the pandemic. No1.451.04, 2.031.040.68, 1.61Walk outside during COVID-19 pandemic. No1.471.19, 1.831.361.02, 1.81Element in home with outdoor contact. No1.931.42, 2.622.101.41, 3.15195% CI for test H0: OR = 1Acknowledgements:This study was supported by Novartis Pharma AG. We would like to thank all patients that completed the survey as well as all of the patient organisations that participated in the REUMAVID study including: the Cyprus League Against Rheumatism (CYPLAR) from Cyprus, the Association Française de Lutte Anti-Rhumatismale (AFLAR) from France, the Hellenic League Against Rheumatism (ELEANA) from Greece, the Associazione Nazionale Persone con Malattie Reumatologiche e Rare (APMARR) from Italy, the Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), from Portugal, the Spanish Federation of Spondyloarthritis Associations (CEADE), the Spanish Patients’ Forum (FEP), UNiMiD, Spanish Rheumatology League (LIRE), Andalusian Rheumatology League (LIRA), Catalonia Rheumatology League and Galician Rheumatology League from Spain, and the National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society (NASS), National Rheumatoid Arthritis (NRAS) and Arthritis Action from the United Kingdom.Disclosure of Interests:Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Helena Marzo-Ortega Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Biogen, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda and UCB., Consultant of: AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Laura Christen Employee of: Novartis Pharma AG, Loreto Carmona: None declared, José Correa-Fernández: None declared, Sergio Sanz-Gómez: None declared, Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos: None declared, LAURENT GRANGE: None declared, Dale Webb Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Biogen, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis and UCB., Shantel Irwin: None declared, Clare Jacklin Grant/research support from: has received grant funding from Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi & UCB, Souzi Makri Grant/research support from: Novartis, GSK and Bayer., Elsa Mateus Grant/research support from: Lilly Portugal, Sanofi, AbbVie, Novartis, Grünenthal S.A., MSD, Celgene, Medac, Janssen-Cilag, Pharmakern, GAfPA., Serena Mingolla: None declared, KATY ANTONOPOULOU: None declared, Victoria Navarro-Compán Grant/research support from: Abbvie, BMS, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB.
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Garrido-Cumbrera, M., H. Marzo-Ortega, J. Correa-Fernández, L. Christen, and V. Navarro-Compán. "AB1401 IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON HEALTHCARE UTILIZATIONS OF RMD PATIENTS IN EUROPE. RESULTS FROM THE REUMAVID STUDY (PHASE 1 AND 2)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2701.
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BackgroundThe beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a collapse of healthcare systems that was difficult to manage.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RMD patients’ healthcare utilization.MethodsREUMAVID is an international cross-sectional study collecting data through an online survey on RMD in seven European countries led by the Health & Territory Research group of the University of Seville, together with a multidisciplinary team including patient representatives, rheumatologists, and health researchers. Data were collected in two phases, the first (P1) between April-July 2020 and the second (P2) between February-April 2021. Demographics, health behaviours, employment status, access to healthcare services, disease characteristics, WHO-5 Well-Being Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were collected in the survey. Healthcare utilization includes scheduled appointments and attendance at the rheumatologist, consultation of possible treatment effects if COVID-19 is contracted with the rheumatologist, primary health care and psychological care. Descriptive analysis and Mann-Whitney test was used to explore association with healthcare utilization in both phases of REUMAVID.ResultsThere were a total of 2,002 participants across both phases with comparable demographic characteristics [mean age 52.6 (P1) vs. 55.0 years (P2); 80.2% female (P1) vs 83.7% (P2); 69.6% married (P1) vs 68.3% (P2), 48.6% university educated (P1) vs 47.8% (P2)]. Most prevalent RMD was axial spondyloarthritis in P1 (37.2%), and rheumatoid arthritis in P2 (53.1%).Only 39.2% could have a scheduled appointment with their rheumatologist during P1, compared to 72.5% of patients in P2 (p<0.001). In this sense, only 41.6% of participants in the P1 attended such an appointment while in P2 this figure was 61.5% (p<0.001). The majority of patients (83%) had their scheduled face-to-face appointment changed to an online or telephone phone in the P2, although this proportion was lower in the P1 (54.4%). The most frequent reason for canceling the face-to-face appointment was the alternative of making it by phone or online (54.4% in P1 vs. 83.0% in P2, p<0.001).Although, in P1, 38.1% of participants could contact with their rheumatologist by phone or online, this proportion was 64.3% in P2 (p<0.001). In P1, 64.0% of patients were able to consult with their rheumatologist about the possible effects of treatment in case of contracting COVID-19 (vs. 41.2% in P2; p<0.001). With respect to general practitioners, 57.6% of patients in P1 declared to had accessed primary care or general practitioner (vs. 77.5% in P2; p<0.001). Furthermore, in P2, a higher proportion of participants (63.2%) were able to continue their psychological or psychiatric therapy either online or by phone (vs. 48.3% in P1; p<0.001; Figure 1)ConclusionDuring the first year of COVID-19 pandemic, RMD patients had easier access to the healthcare system, specifically to their rheumatologist. This access was improved through phone and online care. In addition, access to primary care as well as psychological care improved during the second year of pandemic.Figure 1.Bivariate analysis of healthcare utilization in P1 and P2 of REUMAVIDAcknowledgementsThis study was supported by Novartis Pharma AG. We would like to thank all patients that completed the survey as well as all of the patient organisations that participated in the REUMAVID study including: the Cyprus League for People with Rheumatism (CYLPER) from Cyprus, the Association Française de Lutte Anti-Rhumatismale (AFLAR) from France, the Hellenic League Against Rheumatism (ELEANA) from Greece, the Associazione Nazionale Persone con Malattie Reumatologiche e Rare (APMARR) from Italy, the Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), from Portugal, the Spanish Federation of Spondyloarthritis Associations (CEADE), the Spanish Patients’ Forum (FEP), UNiMiD, Spanish Rheumatology League (LIRE), Andalusian Rheumatology League (LIRA), Catalonia Rheumatology League and Galician Rheumatology League from Spain, and the National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society (NASS), National Rheumatoid Arthritis (NRAS) and Arthritis Action from the United Kingdom.Disclosure of InterestsMarco Garrido-Cumbrera Grant/research support from: has a research collaboration with and provides services to Novartis Pharma AG, Helena Marzo-Ortega Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Biogen, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, José Correa-Fernández: None declared, Laura Christen Employee of: Novartis Pharma AG, Victoria Navarro-Compán Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB
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Slengesol, I. A. "A Bad Show? The United States and the 1974 Cyprus Crisis." Mediterranean Quarterly 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 96–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10474552-11-2-96.
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Chistruga, Boris, and Rodica Crudu. "European Integration and Competitiveness of EU New Member States." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v6i1.p175-185.
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This research is intended to evaluate the influence of the European integration, through the EU financing dimension, upon the evolution of external competitiveness of countries part of the EU community since the enlargements of 2004 and, respectively, 2007, excluding Malta and Cyprus (hereafter called as New Member States (NMS)). The paper methodology is based on appropriate research of relevant economic indicators intended to evaluate the EU funds’ influence on the industrial development and external competitiveness of NMS. Therefore, in the analysis performed there were figured out and calculated correlations between the following indicators: EU expenditure by NMS, Current Account to GDP ratio, Industrial Performance index, Global Innovation Index and Index of Economic Freedom. These indicators characterize the NMS’ business environment, institutional framework and, consequently, the degree of international competitiveness. The research contributes to confirm the assumptions about the European integration and the EU financing instruments had important effects in improving the industrial performance, in particular, and international competitiveness of NMS, in general. However, the differences in the correlations calculated between EU financing received by the NMS and different analysed indicators, suggest that EU funds were not the only drivers of the increasing competitiveness of the analyzed countries.
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Guseletov, Boris. "Republic of Cyprus: «Old» Parties Lose Popularity." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 22, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran420213745.
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This article presents an analysis of the results of the parliamentary elections held in Cyprus on May 30, 2021. These elections were held in the context of the aggravation of the issue of the division of the island into Cypriot and Turkish parts and an increase in illegal migration to the island, an increase in the negative impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic, as well as a number of corruption scandals related to the issuance of so-called golden passports. It is shown that the leading Cypriot parties, the ruling Democratic Union and the opposition Progressive Workers Party of Cyprus, continue to lose their supporters who are dissatisfied with the existing party-political system and the inability of these parties for many years to resolve the issue of dividing the country into two states. The center-left Democratic Party (DP) and the Movement for Social Democracy, which took third and fifth places, respectively, retained their modest positions. Against this background, the influence of the nationalist «National Popular Front», which supports the federalization of the Republic of Cyprus, has grown, which came in fourth place. And for the first time, a new liberal party, the Democratic Front, was elected to parliament, also advocating an early solution to the issue of dividing the island by involving international mediators.
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Karides, Marina. "Riding the Globalization Wave (1974-2004): Islandness and Strategies of Economic Development in Two Post-colonial States." Island Studies Journal 8, no. 2 (2013): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.288.
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In 1974, the Republic of Cyprus and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, both former British colonies, experienced significant events that permanently altered their economic and social realities. The coincidence of these occurrences offers an opportunity for a historical comparison of island development. In effect, this paper argues that the economic paths of these islands were shaped largely by their responses to neo-liberalism. Cyprus’ support for domestic enterprises and resistance to neo-liberal policies throughout the early 1990s compared to Trinidad and Tobago’s forced acquiescence to them and reliance on its energy sector explain the difference in their economic trajectories. Analytically, I argue that island nations can chart a course for economic strategies that benefit more of the population despite neo-liberal pressure to adopt policies that advantage global capital. This comparison supports the island studies position that islands have distinct place-based and/or historical capacities for resourceful and creative tactics towards economic autonomy and development.
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Kyris, George. "The European Union in Northern Cyprus: Conceptualising the Avoidance of Contested States." Geopolitics 25, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 346–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2018.1552945.
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Brava, Feim. "POLICIES AND MANAGEMENT IN THE FIELD OF SECURITY IN KOSOVO." Knowledge International Journal 26, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij26061839b.
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Writing for security and security policies in Kosovo is a special pleasure. As it is well known, the Republic of Kosovo is one of the newest states in the world since it was separated from the Republic of Serbia in 1999 after the NATO military intervention, internationally recognized as an independent state from 116 countries around the world it should be noted that only 23 European Union countries have been recognized as independent states by 28 as the EU has. Kosovo as a new country with about 1.8 million people has had great achievements in the field of national security. A serious problem is the non-recognition of Kosovo as an independent state from five European countries (Spain, Greece, Slovakia, Cyprus and Romania), problems which continue to this day because of Kosovo's need for support from these countries around the membership in International Security Organizations, where their vote is very important. Another challenge is the consequence of the first problem and not having the opportunity for the new state to join international security organizations (such as Europol, Interpol), mainly due to non-recognition by the five European countries, which mentioned above. A very important element is the control of Kosovo's territory by Kosovo's security forces, which is a constant challenge but with many achievements. It is worth pointing out that Kosovo's security organs are very well formed. The socio-economic situation and the global crisis that has affected especially Balkan countries, Kosovo is still in the process of pursuing its goals for its citizens and high security for foreign visitors.