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Journal articles on the topic 'Cystoliths'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

MOHAPATRA, ABHIPSA, and M. K. JANARTHANAM. "Cystolith micromorphology in selected taxa of Ficus L. (Moraceae) in India and its taxonomic implications." Phytotaxa 436, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.436.2.6.

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Cystoliths are microscopic calcium deposits found remarkably in some genera and is of key importance to understand its taxonomic value. Leaf samples of 19 species belonging to 7 sections of Indian Ficus were processed for anatomical studies and surface micromorphological characteristics of cystoliths. The morphology, distribution and sculpture patterns of cystolith found varying among species. Four types of basic sculpturing patterns have been observed in this study: aculeate, colliculate, verrucate, and tuberculate. The aculeate sculpturing pattern is the most common type observed in twelve species of section Cordifoliae, but further division of this pattern into three subtypes i.e. broad, moderate and reduced aculeate along with the length and width of cystoliths appendages and the mode of stalk fixation provides more informative insight into sub-sectional classification. Principal component analysis (PCA) provides a supporting evidence for earlier classification at sectional/subsectional level. Though in few cases it has not support the decision taken by molecular studies. This study suggests that cystolith micromorphological characters could be utilized in the re-classification of Ficus taxa at sub-sectional level.

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2

Inamdar, J. A., G. S. Chaudhari, and T. V. Ramana Rao. "Studies on the cystoliths of Acanthaceae." Feddes Repertorium 101, no. 7-8 (1990): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4911010717.

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3

Inamdar, J. A., G. S. Chaudhari, and T. V. Ramana Rao. "Studies on the cystoliths of Acanthaceae." Feddes Repertorium 101, no. 7-8 (April 18, 2008): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19901010717.

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4

Frei, S., M. Kummer, A. Fürst, and M. Wehrli Eser. "Cystoliths in the horse – A retrospective study." Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine 32, no. 2 (2016): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21836/pem20160205.

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5

Giannopoulos, Andreas, Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos, Panagiota Bresta, Aris Samantas, Chrysavgi Reppa, Kalliopi Karaboiki, Elissavet Dotsika, Constantinos Fasseas, Georgios Liakopoulos, and George Karabourniotis. "Cystoliths of Parietaria judaica can serve as an internal source of CO2 for photosynthetic assimilation when stomata are closed." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 20 (July 7, 2019): 5753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz316.

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Under certain conditions, leaf cystoliths of Parietaria judaica can decompose, and the CO2 released can be photosynthetically assimilated. This process lowers surplus energy and protects the photosynthetic apparatus.

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6

De Gouveia, A., M. Jackson, and L. Joubert. "Leaf micromorphology and cystoliths of southern Africa Crabbea (Acanthaceae)." South African Journal of Botany 103 (March 2016): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.02.038.

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7

Heide-Jørgensen, H. S. "Development and ultrastructure of the haustorium of Viscum minimum. I. The adhesive disk." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 1161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-152.

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The adhesive disk of the haustorium of Viscum minimum Harvey develops an epithelium of uni- or bi-cellular secretory trichomes. Before contact with the host is obtained, the trichomes secrete adhesive cutinaceous material. This secretion contains fragments of the lamellar cuticle proper, the reticulate cuticular layer, and the noncutinized part of the cuticularized wall, in additions to pockets of granular material. The volume of the adhesive product per trichome may be several times the volume of the secretory cell itself except in front of the future intrusive organ where secretion is reduced. Formation of cutin cystoliths was observed in sections of wall of different ages within single trichomes. The trichomes are rich in mitochondria, plastids with starch, spherosomes, ribosomes, and ER that are associated with the strongly convoluted plasmalemma. A special type of tubular ER is described. Zones of collapsed cells are formed in the cortex as the apex of the wedge-shaped intrusive organ emerges. The cuticularized wall of the host then disintegrates, and the intrusive organ forms a fissure within the host. This becomes lined, to the depth of a few cells, partly with cuticularized and finally compressed cells originating from the adhesive epithelium, and partly with new cells produced by the intrusive organ. Key words: Viscum minimum, adhesive disk, adhesive epithelium, cuticle ultrastructure, cutin cystolith, haustorium, secretion.

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8

KOTTAIMUTHU, RAMALINGAM. "Barleria gandhii, a new name for Barleria pauciflora (Acanthaceae)." Phytotaxa 204, no. 4 (April 8, 2015): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.204.4.7.

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Barleria Linnaeus (1753: 636) is a pantropical genus comprising about 250–300 species (Balkwill & Balkwill 1998, Darbyshire et al. 2012), with its greatest centre of species diversity in tropical Africa, followed by South Africa and Asia (Balkwill & Balkwill 1998, Darbyshire 2010). It can be easily distinguished from other genera of Acanthaceae by a combination of three characters: a 4-partite calyx with 2 large outer (anterior and posterior) segments and 2 smaller inner (lateral) ones, spheroidal, pollen grains with coarsely reticulate exine and the predominance of double cystoliths (calcium oxalate crystals) in the epidermal cells (Balkwill & Balkwill 1997, Champluvier 2011, Darbyshire 2010).

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9

Akçin, Öznur Ergen, Kamil Çoskunçelebi, and Gülcan Senel. "Foliar anatomy of Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae) from north Anatolia, Turkey." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 19, no. 2 (December 25, 2012): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i2.13123.

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Bracts, basal and cauline leaves of North Anatolian representatives of Cynoglossum, viz., C. creticum Miller, C. officinale L., C. montanum L. and C. glochidiatum Wall. were investigated anatomically. Foliar thickness, trichome length and types, stomata types, stomata index, the presence of collenchyma and sclerenchyma were found to be important for delimitation of Cynoglossum species. All examined species have isobilateral leaf. Stomata were anisocytic and anomocytic. All the studied species had trichomes. Simple long and short trichomes were seen in leaves of C. creticum. Long and short trichomes with cystoliths at the base were seen in all leaves of C. montanum. Unicellular and multicellular unbranched trichomes and glandular trichomes were found in leaves of C. officinale. Short and adpressed trichomes were seen in leaves of C. glochidiatum.

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10

Torres-Henderson, Camille, Jamie Bunkers, Elena T. Contreras, Emily Cross, and Michael R. Lappin. "Use of Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diet UR Urinary St/Ox to Dissolve Struvite Cystoliths." Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 32, no. 2 (June 2017): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2017.07.007.

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11

Gal, Assaf, Anna Hirsch, Stefan Siegel, Chenghao Li, Barbara Aichmayer, Yael Politi, Peter Fratzl, Steve Weiner, and Lia Addadi. "Plant Cystoliths: A Complex Functional Biocomposite of Four Distinct Silica and Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Phases." Chemistry - A European Journal 18, no. 33 (June 13, 2012): 10262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201201111.

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12

Bhellum, Bachan Lal, and Bikarma Singh. "A new species of Laportea Gaudich. (Urticaceae) from Himalaya, India." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 23, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v23i2.30849.

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A new herb species of Urticaceae, Laportea stolonifera B. L. Bhellum & B. Singh, is described and illustrated from a restricted habitat of subtropical forest of Northwest Himalaya, India. The new taxon is vegetatively similar to Laportea ovalifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Chew, an African endemic species and Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew but differs by phenotypic characters such as cordate leaves, unbranched inflorescence, stem hairs types, linear cystoliths with varying shapes, and presence of 2 to 3 stolons arising from basal node of stems. The similarity with the allied species is due to similar habitats occupancy, but isolated geographically from each other. Laportea stolonifera is assessed as Endangered, and the population data, ecological parameters and associated taxa are also presented. A key to the genus Laportea is prepared for India has been presented in the text.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 23(2): 189-194, 2016 (December)

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13

Appel, Sherry L., Sandra L. Lefebvre, Doreen M. Houston, David L. Holmberg, J. Elizabeth Arnold Stone, Andrew E. P. Moore, and J. Scott Weese. "Evaluation of risk factors associated with suture-nidus cystoliths in dogs and cats: 176 cases (1999–2006)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 233, no. 12 (December 2008): 1889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.233.12.1889.

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14

Okazaki, Megumi, Hiroaki Setoguchi, Harumi Aoki, and Shoichi Suga. "Application of soft X-ray microradiography to observation of cystoliths in the leaves of various higher plants." Botanical Magazine Tokyo 99, no. 3 (September 1986): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02489544.

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15

Shethi, Kishwar Jahan, Mabia Khanam Doty, Saima Jahan Liza, and Parveen Rashid. "Anatomical study of Momordica charantia L. from Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 27, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v27i1.46412.

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Recent investigation on the root, stem, leaf and petiole anatomy of Momordica charantia L. completed the detailed anatomical study of the genus Momordica from Bangladesh. Root has tetrach vascular bundles where thick patches of sclerenchyma cells encompassed the vessel cells. Five angular ridges and furrows are visible through stem transverse section typical to Cucurbitaceae. Total nine open, bicollateral fibro-vascular bundles are observed in stem crosssection where three large are in the center and others each are under the ridges. Midrib of the leaf is characterized by several double and scarcely seated stalkless globular cystoliths in the lower epidermis. Configuration of petiole is octagonal in shape with eight ridges where seven fibro vascular bundles situated as a ring. Stem and leaf has multicellular, unisireate blunt ended conical shaped trichomes where petiole has similar trichomes with both blunt and pointed head. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(1): 69-74, 2018 (January)

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16

Sassot, Lucas Nolazco, Claude A. Ragle, Kelly D. Farnsworth, Kyle Heaton, and Andrew R. E. Jones. "The Use of Pneumatic Impact Lithotripsy in a Laparoscopic Retrieval Pouch for Removal of Large Cystoliths in Two Female Horses." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 91 (August 2020): 103125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103125.

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17

Prasad, Nondita, Balbir Singh, and Diksha Puri. "PHARMACOGNOSTIC SCREENING STUDIES OF JUSTICIA GENDARUSSA BURM. LEAVES FOUND IN DEHRADUN DISTRICT OF UTTARAKHAND." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 16 (September 16, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s4.21342.

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Objective: Justicia gendarussa Burm. (family Acanthaceae) commonly known as nilinirgundi, is found in Southern India possesses multifarious biological activities due to large range of phytoconstituents. The present study is designed to evaluate the various pharmacognostic parameters of the leaves of J. gendarussa, found in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand for its authentication.Methods: Fresh leaves were taken for the morphological and microscopical (histology and powder) evaluation. Physicochemical parameters (ash values, extractives values, florescence analysis, microbial contamination, and loss on drying) were also performed. Phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatographic fingerprinting of extracts were also performed to check the presence of various phytoconstituents.Results: The microscopy of the leaves evinced the presence of anisocytic stomata, cuboidal calcium oxalate crystals, cystoliths, multicellular covering trichomes, starch grains and oil globules. The quantitative estimation of total ash, acid insoluble, and water soluble ash values were 13.8%, 1.2%, and 4.5% w/w, respectively. The alcohol soluble and water soluble extractives were estimated as 11.45% and 15.67% w/w, respectively. Foreign organic matter and loss on drying values obtained were 0.23% and 11.2% w/w. Phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts ascertained the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and triterpenoids. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) profiling of different extracts revealed the presence of potential compounds which can be further isolated with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography or high-performance TLC.Conclusion: The results of this study provide suitable standards for the authentication of this plant. In the present study, there are certain variations observed from the evaluations done on the same species by other research groups. The probable reason suggested for such disparity is due to the environmental and geographical differences in the locations of the plant collected.

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18

Galatis, B., P. Apostolakos, and E. Panteris. "Microtubules and lithocyst morphogenesis in Pilea cadierei." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 2788–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-359.

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Lithocysts in Pilea cadierei are initiated by differential divisions, the plane of which is predicted by typical preprophase microtubule bands. They soon become polarized and undergo a unique differentiation. The external periclinal wall thickens considerably in the absence of microtubules. In incipient lithocysts, a periclinal band of microtubules lines the external ends of the anticlinal walls. A distinct local thickening, possessing periclinal cellulose microfibrils, underlies the microtubule band. The cystolith stalk originates as a cylindrical wall ingrowth of a limited central region of the external periclinal wall. This grows inwards in the absence of microtubules in a preformed cytoplasmic diaphragm, approaching the internal periclinal wall. Stalk formation as well as the external periclinal wall thickening are not affected by colchicine and isopropyl n(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate. A cystolith body is formed within a cytoplasmic diaphragm in which most of the lithocyst organelles are located; this body is rich in cellulose microfibrils and is formed by the deposition of large amounts of wall material at the free end of the stalk, at right angles to its axis. This morphogenetic shift is preceded by the formation of a system of microtubules that converge in cortical sites close to the stalk. They proliferate and form an axial sheath around the cystolith body. The cellulose microfibrils are aligned in a parallel fashion with microtubules. Microtubule destruction by colchicine results in malformation of both the lithocyst and the cystolith body. Aberrant cystolith bodies are also formed in the presence of isopropyl n(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate, which seems to interfere with microtubule formation. These observations suggest that the lithocyst – cystolith body morphogenesis is controlled by microtubules.

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19

Chin, Kathleen, Christopher M. Ripperda, Joseph I. Schaffer, and Clifford Y. Wai. "Cystolith Formation Complicating Single-Incision Sling." Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 20, no. 3 (2014): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/spv.0b013e3182a330d6.

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20

WATT, WENDY M., CLARE K. MORRELL, DAVID L. SMITH, and MARTIN W. STEER. "Cystolith Development and Structure in Pilea cadierei (Urticaceae)." Annals of Botany 60, no. 1 (July 1987): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087424.

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21

Chew, Rusheng, Sabu Thomas, Murty L. N. Mantha, John Paul Killen, Yeoungjee Cho, and Richard A. Baer. "Large urate cystolith associated with Proteus urinary tract infection." Kidney International 81, no. 8 (April 2012): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2011.506.

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22

Glattstein, Baruch, and Azriel Gorski. "Marijuana Identification: A Test for Calcium in Cystolithic Hairs." Microscopy Today 9, no. 4 (May 2001): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s155192950005728x.

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The identification of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) is a routine analysis in many forensic laboratories. An important part of this analysis is the identification of trichomes, commonly called cystolithic hairs, on plant particles. These hairs contain calcium carbonate, The very word cystolithic derives from this fact, coming from the Greek kustis and lithos meaning, “bag of stones”.Trichomes are not unique to marijuana but are common on many species of plants. Thus, the mere presence of trichomes on a leaf surface is not sufficient. A required step in the identification of marijuana is the microscopical characterization of the cystoiithic hairs present on the leaf fragments.

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23

Das, Jayakrushna, and Sidharth Mohapatra. "SUCCESSFUL SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CYSTOLITH ALONG WITH CYSTIC TUMOR IN A DOG." Indian Journal of Canine Practice 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 074. http://dx.doi.org/10.29005/ijcp.2018.10.1.074-076.

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24

Jani, Switu, and HarishaC Rudrappa. "Morphological, structural and micrometric study of cystolith of family acanthaeceae W.S.R. to Kalmegh." International Journal of Green Pharmacy 8, no. 1 (2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.126813.

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25

Byl, Kevin M., John M. Kruger, Jennifer Kinns, Nathan C. Nelson, Joe G. Hauptman, and Cheri A. Johnson. "In vitro comparison of plain radiography, double-contrast cystography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography for estimation of cystolith size." American Journal of Veterinary Research 71, no. 3 (March 2010): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.71.3.374.

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26

Pei, Yi, Cong Shi, and Jiang Li Nie. "Compared Study on the Microstructure and HPLC Spectrum of Radix Isatis and Rhizoma et radix Baphicacanthis cusae." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.657.

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The microstructure and HPLC spectrum of Radix Isatis and Rhizoma et Radix Baphicacanthis cusae were studied. With the digital microscopy and HPLC, the microstructure and HPLC spectrum of commercially available Radix Isatis and Rhizoma et radix Baphicacanthis cusae from different sources were compared and analyzed. Compared Radix Isatis with Rhizoma et radix Baphicacanthis cusae from different sources, the results showed that the reticulated vessels, compound and single starch granules and stone cell were found in Radix Isatis, but there were the pitted vessels, parenchyma cells where there were small pits, single starch granules and cystolith in Rhizoma et radix Baphicacanthis cusae. Compared the similarity of HPLC spectrum, the results revealed that there were obvious differences between the microstructure and characteristic HPLC spectrum of Radix Isatis and Rhizome et radix Baphicacanthis cusae. The characteristic of the microstructure and HPLC spectrum of Radix Isatis and Rhizoma et radix Baphicacanthis cusae that was established in the study could be applied into the quality evaluation for these two medicines, at the same time provide a scientific basis and guarantee of methodology for quality specification .

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27

Groult, Marie-Laure. "Apport de l'étude des cystolithes foliaires à la taxinomie du complexe néotropical Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. et espèces affines." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie 322, no. 9 (September 1999): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4469(00)80041-4.

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28

Arulpragasam, Shiara P., J. Brad Case, and Gary W. Ellison. "Evaluation of costs and time required for laparoscopic-assisted versus open cystotomy for urinary cystolith removal in dogs: 43 cases (2009–2012)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 243, no. 5 (September 2013): 703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.243.5.703.

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29

AKINLABI, Adebisi A., and Olaniran T. OLADIPO. "Venation studies of some species in the genus Ficus Linn. in Southwestern Nigeria." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 13, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 10760. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb13210760.

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The present study investigates the venation of ten species of the genus Ficus collected from Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife (latitude 7° 31' 14.7612'' N and longitude 4° 31' 49.1340'' E) and the NACGRAB, Ibadan, Nigeria (latitude 7°23¢4²N and longitude 3°50¢31²E). The leaf venations of the species were carried out using standard methods. All photomicrographs of the features were taken with the aid of Amscope digital camera mounted on a celesterone binocular microscope. All data were subjected of analysis of variance using SAS software. The result revealed the Leaf venation pattern based on areole shape, length and width, veinlets ending and trichomes. The leaf venation patterns of the species show that they are significant in identifying and delimiting studied species within the genus with respect to qualitative and quantitative data. Species specific variation were recorded for the venation patterns as areole shape, length and width, veinlets ending and trichomes and these features are either genetically fixed or as a result of environmental extremes. Presence of cystolith cells, trichomes and no veinlets ending is diagnostic of Ficus mucuso. The study concluded that venation patterns are therefore significant in delimitation of species in the genus Ficus and these characters can be employed as additional information in the existing taxonomical keys of the genus.

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30

Le, Thong Q. "Experimental application of surgical technique for perineal urethrostomy in male cats." Journal of Agriculture and Development 17, no. 03 (June 28, 2018): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.3.03.2018.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of PU in male cats. The perineal urethrostomy (PU) was performed in 10 home-breed male cats, in which 9 cats were healthy and 1 cat had cystolith (2.5 ± 0.5 kg BW), from May 2017 to April 2018 at the Department of Clinical Veterinary Science of Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City. The criteria for evaluating the experiment included the successful rate, wound healing time, post-operative pain assessment, time of return to normal urination and defecation and post-operative short-term complications. The results showed that 9 out of 10 cats completely recovered their urinating ability in approximately 14 days post-operation, in which 2 cats experienced wound infection and required a surgical intervention. One cat died due to unknown causes at the 10th day post operation. The average pain scores based on the Feline Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS - Feline) in the first 5 days were relatively high (scored as 11) and gradually decreased; until 14 days post-operation, 100% of cats recovered had no sign of pain (scored as 1). It was recorded that all cats experienced pain and difficulty in urination and defecation for a few days after the surgery. After removing the urinary catheter, the cats needed 3 to 5 days to get used to the new urethral stoma and normally self-urinated ability. In general, the successful rate of this surgical method was 90% (9 out of 10 fully recovered cats) in which most of the cats were healthy and returned to normal urination after 14 days post-operation

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31

Tavecchio, N., H. Reinoso, M. Ruffini Castiglione, C. Spanò, and H. E. Pedranzani. "Anatomical Studies of Two Jatropha Species with Importance for Biodiesel Production." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 9 (August 5, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n9p84.

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<p><em>Jatropha curcas </em>L. and <em>Jatropha macrocarpa </em>Griseb. (Euphorbiaceae) are perennial species adapted to marginal conditions not suitable for agriculture, and have been recently exploited for oil and biodiesel production<strong>. </strong>The anatomy of different organs in members of this family exhibits a wide range of variations. However, knowledge of anatomical features is still incomplete. The aim of the present work was to analyze the anatomical structure of stem, leaf and root of <em>J. curcas </em>and <em>J. macrocarpa </em>seedling cultivated in a greenhouse. Fixed samples were properly treated using triple stain hematoxylin, safranin and fast green. Primary roots were diarch and triarch in <em>J. curcas</em>, whereas in <em>J. macrocarpa </em>were diarch and the cortex showed parenchyma cells, larger in <em>J. macrocarpa</em> than <em>J. curcas</em>. Stem cortex was thicker in <em>J. macrocarpa</em> than in <em>J. curcas</em>.<em> </em>Both species had parenchyma cells with cystolith, chloroplasts, laticifers and starch granules, these being more abundant in <em>J. macrocarpa</em>. Leaves were characterized by dorsoventral anatomy, with the epiderm showing amphistomatic condition with high stomata density at the lower surface. Both <em>Jatropha </em>species had paracytic stomata. Druses and non-articulated branched laticifers were recorded in the mesophyll. Some of the different anatomical features of <em>J. curcas </em>and <em>J. macrocarpa</em> could explain the different tolerance to abiotic stress.</p>

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32

Gabel, N. H., R. R. Wise, and G. K. Rogers. "Distribution of cystoliths in the leaves of Acanthaceae and its effect on leaf surface anatomy." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.07.

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Cystoliths are large outgrowths of cell wall material and calcium carbonate with a silicon-containing stalk found in the leaves, stems and roots of only a handful of plant families. Each cystolith is contained within a cell called a lithocyst. In leaves, lithocysts may be found in the mesophyll or the epidermis. A study by Koch et al. (2009) reported unique, indented features on the surface of superamphiphilic Ruellia devosiana (Acanthaceae) leaves which the authors named ‘channel cells’. We report herein that such ‘channel cells’ in the Acanthaceae are actually lithocysts containing fully formed cystoliths in which only a portion of the lithocyst is exposed at the epidermis, forming a leaf epidermal impression. Intact leaves and isolated cystoliths from 28 Acanthaceae species (five in the non-cystolith clade and 23 in the cystolith clade) were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. All 23 members of the cystolith clade examined contained cystoliths within lithocysts, but not all showed leaf epidermal impressions. In four species, the lithocysts were in the leaf mesophyll, did not contact the leaf surface, and did not participate in leaf epidermal impression formation. The remaining 19 species had lithocysts in the epidermis and possessed leaf epidermal impressions of differing sizes, depths and morphologies.

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33

Wingert, Allie M., Olivia A. Murray, Jody P. Lulich, Alexis M. Hoelmer, Lindsay K. Merkel, and Eva Furrow. "Efficacy of medical dissolution for suspected struvite cystoliths in dogs." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16252.

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Tefft, Karen M., Julie K. Byron, Eric T. Hostnik, Leighann Daristotle, Victoria Carmella, and Nolan Z. Frantz. "Effect of a struvite dissolution diet in cats with naturally occurring struvite urolithiasis." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, July 24, 2020, 1098612X2094238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x20942382.

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Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of the low struvite relative supersaturation diet in dissolution of feline struvite cystoliths. Methods This was a prospective, open-label, two-center study. Twelve client-owned cats were enrolled based on the radiographic appearance of their uroliths and urinalysis parameters. Cats were fed the test diet exclusively for up to 56 days. Cats were radiographed every other week until radiographic evidence of dissolution occurred or the end of the study period was reached. Cats with radiographically apparent uroliths at the end of the study period underwent cystotomy for stone retrieval and analysis. Results Nine of the 12 cats completed the study. Eight experienced radiographic dissolution; seven of these had complete dissolution within the first month of treatment. One cat, whose owner declined cystotomy after partial dissolution at day 56, had complete radiographic resolution at 70 days of treatment. Two calcium oxalate urolith cores were removed from a cat that had partial radiographic dissolution. Conclusions and relevance The test diet was successful in dissolving suspected struvite cystoliths. As this diet is suitable for maintenance feeding of adult cats, it may be a suitable choice for long-term prevention of feline struvite urolithiasis.

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"An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the structure and transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate from plant cystoliths." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 252, no. 1333 (April 22, 1993): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1993.0048.

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Hanson, Kayla R., Elke Rudloff, Lingnan Yuan, Jonathan P. Mochel, and Andrew KJ Linklater. "Effect of prazosin on feline recurrent urethral obstruction." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, March 22, 2021, 1098612X2110012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x211001283.

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Objectives The aim of this study was to determine if male cats treated with 7 days of prazosin following relief of urethral obstruction (UO) experienced decreased rates of recurrent urethral obstruction (rUO) within 30 days vs those treated with 7 days of placebo. Methods All castrated male cats presenting for the first time with UO from May 2014 to August 2017 were eligible for enrollment. Exclusion criteria included the administration of medications or passage of a urinary catheter prior to referral, the presence of heart disease or hypertension requiring medication, prior treatment with glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, prazosin or phenoxybenzamine, or radiographic identification of cystoliths. Cats were treated with standardized anesthetic and analgesic protocols, standardized indwelling urinary catheter management, and were hospitalized for care. A random numbers table was generated prior to study initiation and cats were randomized to receive either prazosin (0.5 mg PO q12h for 7 days) or placebo in a blinded fashion. A 30-day follow-up with owners via telephone was performed to identify the rate of rUO. Cats that did not receive the full course of study medication were removed from the analysis. The study was unblinded at the end of data collection. Results Eighty cats were enrolled and 65 cats completed the study; 12 were excluded because they did not receive the study medication. Sixteen of 65 cats experienced rUO (25%). Of the 16 cats experiencing rUO, five received placebo (n = 5/28 [18%]) and 11 received prazosin (n = 11/37 [30%]). Ten of the cats that experienced rUO reblocked while still hospitalized. There was no significant difference in frequency of rUO in cats treated with prazosin vs placebo ( P = 0.27). Conclusions and relevance Prazosin administered at 0.5 mg PO q12h did not decrease the rate of rUO in this population of obstructed male cats vs placebo. These results further support evidence suggesting that prazosin may not be beneficial in prevention of feline rUO.

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Che Amri, Che Nurul Aini, Nur Shuhada Tajudin, Rozilawati Shahari, Fatin Munirah Azmi, Noraini Talip, and Abdul Latiff Mohamad. "Comparative Leaf Anatomy of Selected Medicinal Plants in Acanthaceae." IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia 17, no. 2 (October 18, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v17i2.944.

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Comparative leaf anatomy study were conducted in three taxa of Acanthaceae from peninsular Malaysia. Three chosen taxa were Acanthus ebracreatus (Vahl), Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees and Chroesthes longifolia (Wight) B. Hansen which is commonly used as traditional medicine especially in peninsular Malaysia. The main objective is to identify the leaf anatomical characteristics that can be used in plant identification and also for supportive data in plant classification. The procedures involved such as cross section using sliding microtome on the petiole, lamina, midribs and marginal, leaf clearing and observation under light microscope. Results have shown the similarities and variations in leaf anatomical characteristics. The anatomical characteristics observed include petiole and midrib outlines, patterns of petiole and midrib vascular bundles, presence of cystolith cells, presence of hypodermis layers in lamina and presence and types of trichomes. In conclusion, results showed that anatomical characteristics have taxonomic significance that can be used in classification especially at species level.

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Che Amri, Che Nurul Aini, Nur Shuhada Tajudin, Rozilawati Shahari, Fatin Munirah Azmi, Noraini Talip, and Abdul Latiff Mohamad. "Comparative Leaf Anatomy of Selected Medicinal Plants in Acanthaceae." IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia 17, no. 2 (October 18, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v17i2.944.

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Comparative leaf anatomy study were conducted in three taxa of Acanthaceae from peninsular Malaysia. Three chosen taxa were Acanthus ebracreatus (Vahl), Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees and Chroesthes longifolia (Wight) B. Hansen which is commonly used as traditional medicine especially in peninsular Malaysia. The main objective is to identify the leaf anatomical characteristics that can be used in plant identification and also for supportive data in plant classification. The procedures involved such as cross section using sliding microtome on the petiole, lamina, midribs and marginal, leaf clearing and observation under light microscope. Results have shown the similarities and variations in leaf anatomical characteristics. The anatomical characteristics observed include petiole and midrib outlines, patterns of petiole and midrib vascular bundles, presence of cystolith cells, presence of hypodermis layers in lamina and presence and types of trichomes. In conclusion, results showed that anatomical characteristics have taxonomic significance that can be used in classification especially at species level.

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Dear, Jonathan D., Jennifer A. Larsen, Michael Bannasch, Sean E. Hulsebosch, Jason W. Gagne, Eric G. Johnson, and Jodi L. Westropp. "Evaluation of a dry therapeutic urinary diet and concurrent administration of antimicrobials for struvite cystolith dissolution in dogs." BMC Veterinary Research 15, no. 1 (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1992-8.

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А. С. Полякова, Л. М. Горшкова, and Д. Б. Рахметов. "Features of the morphological structure of plants and biochemical properties of introduced and domestic varieties of Cannabis sativa L." Plant varieties studying and protection 16, no. 4 (December 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.16.4.2020.224051.

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Purpose. Identifying the features of the seasonal growth rhythm, development of the plants, morphological and biological differences in monoecious introduced and domestic varieties of Cannabis sativa L. in the North-east region of Ukraine.Methods. The research was conducted from 2014 till 2019. The following research methods were employed: field (phenological observations, sampling for laboratory analysis), microscopic (study of the morphological structure of glandular and cystolithic hairs on vegetative and generative organs, determination of the size and density of hair formation), laboratory and analytical (determination of the content of cannabinoid substances by thin layer and gas-liquid chromatography), biomorphological methods (analysis of morphological characteristics of plants). Chemical analysis for the content of cannabinoid substances was carried out in the laboratory of the breeding and seed production department of the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS of Ukraine (Glukhiv, 2014–2019). The content of neutral substances [cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)] and acids (CBDA, THCA) was determined by using a thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) methods. For the study, 11 monoecious varieties of C. sativa: ‘YuSO 1’, ‘YuSO 31’, ‘Hliana’, ‘Viktoriia’, ‘Hlesiia’, ‘Hlukhivskyi 46’, ‘Hlukhivski 51’, ‘Zolotoniski 15’ and 3 introduced varieties: ‘Fedora 17’, ‘Felina 32’, ‘Futura 77’ (France) which differed among themselves in morphological, biological, genetic, ecological-geographical and economically valuable characteristics were selected.Results. Biological and morphological characteristics of modern monoecious varieties of C. sativa were investigated depending on the ecological and geographical zones of origin, conditions of the growing season and the stage of ontogenesis. The functional interdependence between the formation of specialized excretory structures and the content of cannabinoid substances in plants of different varieties of C. sativa was revealed. The following promising varieties of C. sativa in a ration of ((THC + CBN) ≤ CBD) point the possibility to use them as the source material for creating the medicinal varieties of plants with a high content of CBD.Conclusions. Nowadays C. sativa is the main source of phyto material for industrial production of natural CBD. In recent years, high-yielding varieties of C. sativa have been created, which, together with high commercially valuable traits, did not contain psychoactive THC and had an insignificant amount of CBD. The results of the research indicated the features of the seasonal growth rhythm, development of the plants and the morphological and biological features of modern monoecious introduced and domestic varieties of C. sativa in the North-east region of Ukraine. The low correlation between the content of cannabinoid substances and their acids in varieties, which are characterized by the low content of cannabinoid compounds was established. According to the developed own classification (THC + KBN): CBD, varieties with a predominant CBD content ‘Hlukhivskyi 46’, ‘Zolotoniski 15’, ‘Hliana’ which are of significant medicinal value were identified.

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