Dissertations / Theses: 'Cytodiagnosis'

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Wong, Ting-yin, and 王婷妍. "HPV 16 and HPV 18 detection in cytology sample of follicular cervicitis using LAMP assay." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46632761.

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Oostenbrugge, Robert Jan van. "Interphase cytogenetics in the cytodiagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1999. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6838.

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林錦鴻 and Kam-hung Lin. "Prevalence of HPV positivity in different age groups with respect to cytologic diagnosis: a study in Chinesepopulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40738346.

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Lin, Kam-hung. "Prevalence of HPV positivity in different age groups with respect to cytologic diagnosis a study in Chinese population /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40738346.

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Poulin, Neal M. "The development of automated systems for metaphase location in cytogenetic preparations of human bone marrow." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31155.

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Cytogenetic evaluation of human bone marrow cells is one of the principal sources of diagnostic and prognostic information in the evaluation of the myeloid leukemias. In the majority of cases, these diseases are characterized by non-random chromosomal changes in the cells of the malignant clone. The chromosomal abnormalities are present only in the leukemic cells, which are distributed along with normal cells in the bone marrow and throughout the circulation. The objective of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that suitable criteria could be established for automated metaphase detection using human bone marrow preparations. This involved computerized, low resolution scanning of a specimen slide, and the measurement of object features which allowed metaphases to be adequately distinguished from nuclei and debris. Two approaches were investigated. The first used a line-scanning system, in which microscope slides were scanned line by line with a linear CCD detector, and focussing was performed automatically. Eighteen signal features were measured for each detected object. Three group discriminant function analysis was performed on objects from a large number of slides from both types of preparations, in order to distinguish metaphases from nuclei and debris. The second method evaluated the use of a frame scanning system. Objects were detected in a frame-by-frame scan of microscope slides, using a two dimensional CD camera. Feature measurements were performed for all objects within a specified area range, and three group discriminant function analysis was performed on data from a large number of slides. In both approaches, the performance of the discriminant functions was evaluated on independent samples collected from a number of patients, in order to determine the operational error rates of the systems. The sensitivity of the line scan system for metaphase detection was 86%, compared to 92% fror the frame scannning system, while the specificity was 84% for the line scan system, and 86% for the frame scanning system. The frame scan system was shown to be useful for determining the mitotic index of cells cultured for varying periods of time prior to fixation. Four patients with AML were examined, and the results of the analysis show that the mitotic indices could be determined in this way to an accuracy of approximately 5%. The mitotic indices differed as a function of time for different patients.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate

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Lee, Yick-Kwong Chris, and 李亦剛. "A follow-up study of "atypical cells" in gynecologic cytology: the impact of the Bethesda System 2001." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010286.

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Chiu, Man-kin, and 趙文健. "Comparison of the efficacy of sample collection for cervical cytology between the application of Cervex-Brush and Clover Brush in ThinPrepliquid-based cervical cytology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45153449.

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Diaz, Katya Pulido 1978. "Estudo retrospectivo e correlação cito-histopatológica de 176 casos de neoplasias de glândulas salivares diagnosticadas por punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288416.

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Orientador: Pablo Agustin Vargas
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo:A punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) é um método simples, seguro, rápido e eficaz, amplamente utilizado no diagnóstico citológico de lesões de glândulas salivares. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a eficácia e a reprodutibilidade do diagnóstico citológico das neoplasias de glândulas salivares obtidos com a PAAF, realizado através da correlação dos diagnósticos citológicos e histológicos dos espécimes cirúrgicos correspondentes, além de avaliar a concordância e a reprodutibilidade inter-observador dos diagnósticos citológicos. Foram analisados retrospectivamente 236 casos de neoplasias benignas e malignas oriundos do Departamento de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo-FMUSP entre 2000 e 2006. Os resultados encontrados foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson e a concordância inter-examinadores pelo teste de Kappa. Os valores foram considerados estatisticamente significantes quando o valor de p<0,05. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 48,8±17,0 anos, com idade mínima e máxima de 13 e 94 anos, respectivamente. A quinta década de vida foi a mais acometida (23,73%) e o gênero feminino foi o mais acometido (60,59%). A glândula parótida foi a localização mais comum (77,54%) (p<0,05), e a neoplasia de glândula salivar mais frequente foi o adenoma pleomorfo (73,86%) (p<0,05). Dos 236 casos, 176 (74,58%) foram avaliados quanto aos aspectos citológicos e histopatológicos e 60 (25,42%) casos foram avaliados apenas quanto aos aspectos citológicos. Dos 176 casos, 9 (5.11%) foram excluídos da análise para a correlação cito-histopatológica, visto que não representaram benignidade ou malignidade no diagnóstico citológico final. Dos 167 casos restantes, detectamos 94,1% de sensibilidade, 100% de especificidade e uma acurácia diagnóstica de 99,4%. A análise da reprodutibilidade dos diagnósticos citológicos inter-observadores apresentou uma concordância estatisticamente significante (p<0,05). A partir dos resultados obtidos pôde-se concluir que a PAAF de neoplasias de glândulas salivares é uma ferramenta eficaz, de alta sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia diagnóstica quando realizada por patologistas com experiência em citopatologia. O diagnóstico citológico prévio realizado por meio da PAAF possibilitou aos pacientes um melhor planejamento pré-cirúrgico e tratamento.
Abstract: The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, safe, fast and effective method widely used on cytologic diagnosis of salivary glands lesions. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy and reproducibility of the cytological diagnosis of the salivary glands tumors obtained using FNAC, to correlate the cytological and histological diagnosis of surgical specimens that correspond to each other, also to evaluate the concordance and reproducibility inter-observer of the cytological diagnosis. Two hundred and thirty six cases of benign and malignant salivary tumors were retrospectively analyzed from the files of the Division of Pathology of the Clinics Hospital of Sao Paulo between 2000 and 2006. The results obtained were submitted to statistical analysis by the "Qui-square" test of Pearson and the concordance inter-examining for Kappa. There were 93 male (39.4 %) and 143 female (60.6 %) patients (male to female ratio 1:1.5). Our 236 cases of salivary gland tumors showed a wide age range (13 to 94 years), with a mean of 48.9±17.0 years, and mainly affected the fifth decade of life (23.73%). The female gender was the most affected (60.59%) (p<0.05) and the parotid gland was the main location (77.54%) (p<0.05). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent salivary gland neoplasm (73.86%) (p<0.05). Among the 236 cases analyzed, 176 (74.58%) where evaluated within the cytologic and histopathological aspects and 60 (25.42%) cases where only evaluated within the cytological aspects. Of the 176 cases, 9 (5.11%) counted with an inconclusive cytologic diagnosis and where excluded from the statistical analysis. The diagnostic correlation of 167 (70.76%) cases was carried out and found 94.1% of sensibility, 100% of specificity and 99.4% of diagnostic accuracy. The reproducibility analysis of the inter-observer cytological analysis presented a significant statistical concordance (p<0.05). From the obtained results it can be proved that the FNAC in salivary tumors is an effective tool, of high sensibility, specificity and diagnostic accuracy when applied by experienced pathologists. In the current study, the previous cytological diagnosis performed by the FNAC allowed a better pre-surgical planning and treatment.
Mestrado
Patologia
Mestre em Estomatopatologia

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Winlaw, Patricia Barbara. "A study of J chain in lymphoid neoplasia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1987. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36805/1/36805_Winlaw_1987.pdf.

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The unique primary structure of J chain has been established and a high degree of conservacion in vertebrates identified. though its genetic regulation is unknown, the biosynthesis of J chain has been defined and many of its functions clarified. J chain is required for the correct assemb Ly of lg polymers. In association with secretory component, J chain is al so req ui red for the transcellular transport of Ig po Lyme rs into external secretions. The role of J chain in monomer Ig sec re ti on is however, sti L l to be determined. Maj or advances have been made into the eel lular origins of Leukaemia and lymphoma using monoclonal antibodies (defining cell surface antigens) and molecular probes (identifying immunoglobutin and T cell receptor genes). The clonal restriction of immunoglobulin expression in Lymphoid cells is, however, still regarded as an indispensible tool. It was previously proposed that the de tee ti on of i ntracytoplasmi c J chain, may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of immunoglobulin associated leukaemia lymphoma. The aim of this study was two-fold, firstly to establish a reliable working method for the detection of J chain in cytology specimens and secondly, to assess the usefulness of J chain as a marker of B eel Ls or of 8 eel L malignancy. A comparison of three different methods, immunofluorescence (IF), immunoperoxi dase (IP) and avi din-biotin complex (ABC) revealed that the ABC method was superior. The optimal preservation of J chain antigenicity required strict attention to the storage and fixation of I preparations. The best fixation regime was found to be 10% neutral buffered formalin for 5 minutes at 24°C. A variety of neoplasi as as wel L as reactive condi ti ans was studied (72 specimens) to assess the synthesis of J chain in normal and malignan.t eel ls. The immunologic phenotype was determined by flow cy tometry as well as manual analyses. The panel of monoclonal antibodies used were; OKT 11, 4, 8, 6, 9 and 10; 81, 84; Ia- like antigen; CALLA; and L.C. ( pan Leucocy tel. Surface membrane Ig determi nation was assessed using flow cytcmetry. Man ual methods were used for mouse erythrocyte receptor and cytoplasmic Ig determination. This study found no evidence to confirm previous suggestions that the presence of J chain is supportive of a diagnosis of malignancy. J chain could only be demonstrated at restricted sites with respect to ontogeny in both normal and malignant states. This is not unexpected as it is widely accepted that neoplastic haemopoi eti c states represent, in the vast majority of cases, a maturation arrest of an otherwise normal ontogenic sequence. However of great interest, and previously unreported, was the finding that 60% of cases of prolymphoctyic leukaemia tested, were J chain positive. This finding may be a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of this form of leukaeni a, as the differential diagnosis between CLL and PLL is not always well defined.

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Chu, Stephanie Wai Ling Clinical School St George Hospital Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "An investigation into the effects of albendazole on human ovarian carcinoma cells." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Clinical School - St George Hospital, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40448.

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Paclitaxel (PTX) is an effective anti-mitotic drug. It stops cancer from spreading by interfering with the microtubule dynamics which in turn leads to cell cycle arrest and eventually cell death. Despite the clinical success in treating different types of cancers, resistance to PTX remains a major hurdle for successful treatment in relapse patients. Albendazole (ABZ) is a popular anthelmintic used world-wide for the treatment of various types of helmintic infections. In helminthes, ABZ binds to ??-tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerisation. It was subsequently found that ABZ has anti-cancer activity. This study was carried out to study the effects of ABZ on PTX sensitive and PTX resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells. Cell growth assays revealed that the anti-proliferative activity of ABZ was not only effective on the PTX-sensitive human ovarian carcinoma cell line lA9, but also on its PTX-resistant sub-line, lA9PTX22. The ICso values of ABZ in lA9 and lA9PTX22 were 205 nM and 322 nM, respectively. Confocal images demonstrated that ABZ disrupted the microtubule network and caused formation of short microtubule bundles in both cell lines. Further analysis using tubulin polymerisation assay showed that the percentage of polymerised tubulin in lA9 and lA9PTX22 was increased by 58.9 % and 20.6 % respectively. Together, these results revealed for the first time that ABZ interacts with microtubules in human cancer cells and causes their polymerisation. It was also demonstrated that ABZ increased the release of cytochrome c, an important component of the intrinsic pathway in apoptosis. It was found that the expression of Bim, a BH-3 only pro-apoptotic protein was not elevated after ABZ treatment. The results presented in this study provide some information on the effect of ABZ on the microtubule network which could relate to its apoptotic effect in human ovarian carcinoma cells.

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Leung, Nga-shan Phyllis, and 梁雅珊. "Cytological features in equivocal diagnoses (C3/4) of breast fine needle aspiration cytology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010791.

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Tsun, Ka-lai Obe, and 秦家麗. "Cervical cytology screening in pregnant women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501100X.

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Lima, Celina Faig. "Expressão da survivina em diferentes condições relacionadas à carcinogênese intra-bucal humana /." São Jose dos Campos : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100694.

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Resumo: A survivina é uma proteína inibidora da apoptose que desempenha papel de controle no ciclo celular e no mecanismo de carcinogênese. Este trabalho teve como proposição verificar a correlação clinicopatológica da expressão da survivina nas diferentes condições relacionadas à carcinogênese intra-bucal humana, o que pode ser útil para destacar aspectos importantes das etapas da carcinogênese bucal. Foram constituídos três grupos, formados em parte por material citológico coletado de pacientes participantes do Programa Ambulatorial de Tratamento de Tabagismo do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (INCOR-HCFMUSP); e por material que se encontra incluído em blocos de parafina no Laboratório de Patologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos FOSJC - UNESP. O primeiro grupo foi constituído por material citológico obtido do bordo lateral lingual esquerdo e soalho bucal de 30 pacientes que fumavam mais de 20 cigarros/dia/10anos e que não apresentavam histórico de neoplasia bucal maligna, nem sinais clínicos visíveis no local avaliado; o segundo grupo foi constituído por amostras teciduais de 21 pacientes com lesões brancas clinicamente classificadas como leucoplasias. O terceiro grupo foi formado por 42 amostras teciduais de pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermóide bucal. Os pacientes que foram submetidos à citologia esfoliativa foram examinados através de anamnese, exame clínico extra e intra -bucal. A citologia esfoliativa foi realizada com cytobrush para obtenção de duas lâminas de cada local selecionado. Após a realização da imunoistoquímica com anticorpo primário anti-survivina as lâminas foram analisadas qualitativamente através da microscopia óptica. Uma lâmina de assoalho e uma de língua foram coradas e avaliadas pelo método de Papanicolaou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein that plays a role in cell cycle control and the mechanism of carcinogenesis. The aim of the present work was to study the clinicopathological correlation of survivin expression in different conditions related to intra-oral carcinogenesis. This may be useful to highlight important aspects of oral carcinogenesis steps. Three groups were analyzed. They were formed in part by cytological material collected from patients of Heart Institute's Patient Center and the Smoking Cessation Program of the University Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School (INCOR-HCFMUSP) and material of Laboratory of Oral Pathology, São José dos Campos Dental School. The first group consisted of cytologic material obtained from the left side of the tongue and mouth floor of 30 patients who smoked more than 20 cigarrettes/day/10years and had no history of malignant oral neoplasm or clinical signs at the site evaluated; the second group consisted of tissue samples from 21 patients with white lesions clinically classified as leukoplakia. The third group consisted of 42 tissue samples from patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Patients who underwent exfoliative cytology were examined by medical history, extra and intra-oral clinical examination. The exfoliative cytology was performed using cytobrush to obtain two smears of each selected location. After performing the immunohistochemistry for anti-survivin the slides were analyzed qualitatively by light microscopy. One smear of mouth floor and tongue was stained and evaluated by the method of Papanicolaou. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney and X2. Survivin was positive in 100% of cytological material from the smokers, 85.7% of oral leukoplakia and 83.3% of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Fisher's exact test showed no association between the expression... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Janete Dias Almeida
Coorientador: Jaqueline Scholz Issa
Banca: Luiz Antonio Guimarães Cabral
Banca: Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck Brandão
Banca: Renata Falchete do Prado
Banca: Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de Sousa
Doutor

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Phoku, Nkosinathi Terrence. "Cardiovascular risk factors among 15-20 years old rural subjects residing in Dikgale Demographic Surveillance Site (DDSS), Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1048.

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Thesis (M.Sc. (Chemical Pathology) --University of Limpopo, 2013
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among one of the well documented conditions and pose a significant health burden in the world as they areconsidered to be of adult onset. However, recent studies have shown that in developed countries CVD risk factors are becoming prevalent in young people which isof great concern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if CVD risk factors are present in young subjects aged 15-20 years of age residing in a rural area of a developing country. Methods: Subjects aged between 15-20 years who participated in the “Gene - Environment interaction project” were included in this sub-study. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDLcholesterol, insulin, glucose, creatinine, Lp(a), apoB, apoA-1 and hs-CRPwere determined. Blood pressure, physical activity (number of steps/day), weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were obtained from the database. Subjects with CRP levels above 10mg/L and creatinine levels above 130 mmol/L were excluded. Results: The present study showed an overall high prevalence of some CVD risk factors. There was high prevalence of insulin resistance (23.0% in females and 34.7% in males), and high hs-CRP (18.4% in females, 12.9% in males). The prevalence of low HDL-C levels was high (55.2% in females and 16.8 % in males), however, the prevalence of abnormal levels of other lipids such as total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was low in both males and females. The prevalence of an increased apoB/apoA ratio was significantly higher in females 26.4% compared to males 7.9%. The prevalence of overweight (12.6%) and obesity (9.2%) was higher in females than in males (overweight 1%, obesity 0 %). The prevalence of hypertension was comparable between the two genders (5.7% in females and 10.9 % in males). Conclusion: The results showed a relatively high prevalence of non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adolescents residing in a rural area, Limpopo Province, while the prevalence of traditional risk factors such as total cholesterol and triglycerides was low.

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Lima, Celina Faig [UNESP]. "Expressão da survivina em diferentes condições relacionadas à carcinogênese intra-bucal humana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100694.

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A survivina é uma proteína inibidora da apoptose que desempenha papel de controle no ciclo celular e no mecanismo de carcinogênese. Este trabalho teve como proposição verificar a correlação clinicopatológica da expressão da survivina nas diferentes condições relacionadas à carcinogênese intra-bucal humana, o que pode ser útil para destacar aspectos importantes das etapas da carcinogênese bucal. Foram constituídos três grupos, formados em parte por material citológico coletado de pacientes participantes do Programa Ambulatorial de Tratamento de Tabagismo do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (INCOR-HCFMUSP); e por material que se encontra incluído em blocos de parafina no Laboratório de Patologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos FOSJC – UNESP. O primeiro grupo foi constituído por material citológico obtido do bordo lateral lingual esquerdo e soalho bucal de 30 pacientes que fumavam mais de 20 cigarros/dia/10anos e que não apresentavam histórico de neoplasia bucal maligna, nem sinais clínicos visíveis no local avaliado; o segundo grupo foi constituído por amostras teciduais de 21 pacientes com lesões brancas clinicamente classificadas como leucoplasias. O terceiro grupo foi formado por 42 amostras teciduais de pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermóide bucal. Os pacientes que foram submetidos à citologia esfoliativa foram examinados através de anamnese, exame clínico extra e intra -bucal. A citologia esfoliativa foi realizada com cytobrush para obtenção de duas lâminas de cada local selecionado. Após a realização da imunoistoquímica com anticorpo primário anti-survivina as lâminas foram analisadas qualitativamente através da microscopia óptica. Uma lâmina de assoalho e uma de língua foram coradas e avaliadas pelo método de Papanicolaou...
Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein that plays a role in cell cycle control and the mechanism of carcinogenesis. The aim of the present work was to study the clinicopathological correlation of survivin expression in different conditions related to intra-oral carcinogenesis. This may be useful to highlight important aspects of oral carcinogenesis steps. Three groups were analyzed. They were formed in part by cytological material collected from patients of Heart Institute’s Patient Center and the Smoking Cessation Program of the University Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School (INCOR-HCFMUSP) and material of Laboratory of Oral Pathology, São José dos Campos Dental School. The first group consisted of cytologic material obtained from the left side of the tongue and mouth floor of 30 patients who smoked more than 20 cigarrettes/day/10years and had no history of malignant oral neoplasm or clinical signs at the site evaluated; the second group consisted of tissue samples from 21 patients with white lesions clinically classified as leukoplakia. The third group consisted of 42 tissue samples from patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Patients who underwent exfoliative cytology were examined by medical history, extra and intra-oral clinical examination. The exfoliative cytology was performed using cytobrush to obtain two smears of each selected location. After performing the immunohistochemistry for anti-survivin the slides were analyzed qualitatively by light microscopy. One smear of mouth floor and tongue was stained and evaluated by the method of Papanicolaou. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney and X2. Survivin was positive in 100% of cytological material from the smokers, 85.7% of oral leukoplakia and 83.3% of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Fisher's exact test showed no association between the expression... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Lai, Kai-yan, and 黎啟欣. "Estimating the age-specific risk of human papillomavirus infection andthe effectiveness of cytology screening in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45172523.

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Lane, Vivien E. "Refiguring pap smears and the Cervical Cancer Screening Scheme : a feminocentric study of women's identification with the scheme." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21488.

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This is a nurse-feminist work based on a re-reading of the evidence and interviews with women on their experiences of the Pap smear (PS) procedure and the cervical cancer screening scheme. It was found that women's accounts contradict the Scheme's public health doctrine. Instead of PSs being a matter of simplicity and informed choice, the procedure is complex and practised as a 'necessary' procedure. Women are uncertain about their eligibility, the purpose and preventative qualities of PSs. Published information was found to substantiate these views. A concentration of mixed messages exist particularly around attempts to deflect from the venereal aetiology of cervical cancer. Furthermore, women's PS behaviours are influenced by both the Scheme's emphasis on 'good womanhood' and individuals' sexual experiences. Women associate the Scheme with a form of medical(ised) féminisation, and engage in both PS procurement and dissent. PSs have inherent and other perils for women in association with their exposure of intimate body areas to a PS service provider. Veterans of PSs are aware of these and use papping skills to enhance their capacity to retain self-composure. Contrary to what the Scheme advertises, women require mastery of papping skills to endure a PS. Questions are raised about the failure of the Scheme to correct misleading public health information particularly in relation to the emphasis on secondary screening, whilst tolerating an absence of primary prevention strategies. It is found that the fundamental incentive underpinning the Scheme is that of in vivo oncogenic research in which women unwittingly participate and fulfil the norms prescribed by the Scheme as 'good womanhood'. A genealogy of the Scheme is outlined. It is concluded that the Scheme is underpinned with values of a past era which are incompatible with contemporary values relating to research and to women.

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Jordaan, Suzette Mirietta. "An investigation of specific contributing factors affecting quality assurance in the diagnosis of conventional cervical smears." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/173.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate specific contributing factors affecting quality assurance in the diagnosis of conventional cervical smears. More than half of South- African women fail to have one cervical smear in their lifetime and +/- 50 percent of those who do have cervical smears taken, are lost to follow-up. Since cervical cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women in developing countries, the medical profession will have to endeavor to screen a higher rate of women and ensure a 100 percent quality assurance with every patient treated in order to reduce the unacceptable high incidence of cervical carcinoma. At this stage it seems like an impossible task to screen all women in South Africa, due to far-off rural areas, shortage of medical professionals and the lack of knowledge of some women of the necessity of cervical smears. Many newly qualified South-African doctors leave the country to go and work elsewhere. South Africa then in turn has to recruit doctors from other countries to staff the State hospitals and clinics. Some areas have one doctor to thousands of patients, insufficient nursing personnel and inadequate equipment. Doctors in some areas cannot cope with the volume of work and the long hours. One has to accept that the quality of the management of some patients is affected negatively. There are a number of medico-legal issues (world wide) in relation to aspects of cervical cancer prevention practices which are controversial and are of particular concern to all of those involved in cervical cancer prevention. Various countries have therefore formed different national organizations to address the medico-legal issues in screening for the prevention of cancer. These organizations monitors procedures, internal quality control as well as external quality control. In South Africa, medico-legal cases are not so prevalent, but may become so shortly. The South-African medical professionals therefore have to ensure that their quality of work conforms to accepted good practice in all circumstances. State hospitals serve thousands of patients per month and it is an every day occurrence to see long queues of patients sitting waiting for doctors and who often have to come back the following day. The situation appears to be much improved in private practice and since patients have medical cover and accessible medical facilities. Since cervical cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women in developing countries, the medical profession will have to endeavor to screen a higher rate of women and ensure a 100 percent quality assurance with every patient treated in order to reduce the unacceptable high incidence of cervical carcinoma. At this stage it seems like an impossible task to screen 100 percent of women in South Africa, due to far-off rural areas, the shortage of medical professionals and ignorance of patients. Quality assurance is therefore of paramount importance to every medical professional for every patient treated. Laboratories all worldwide have been, or are in the process of being accredited by their specific accreditation authorities. The main reason for this is improvement of quality control and therefore quality assurance. The South African National Accreditation Society (SANAS) now accredits various laboratories in South Africa with the view of accreditting all laboratories within a certain time limit. The Ampath laboratory Port Elizabeth was successfully accredited during 2001. Accredited laboratories have to uphold a very high degree of quality to remain accredited. A team of professionals inspects the laboratory every 2 years and other quality assurance staff inspects the laboratories every few months. All aspects of the laboratory are checked, e.g. the qualification of staff, their registration with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), their curriculum vitaes, equipment, safety of the laboratory etc. Since the laboratory chosen for this study, is accredited, the author evaluated every cervical smear that was received in the laboratory since the year 2000, with the following objectives in mind: · Whether the presence or absence of an endocervical component has an effect on the adequacy of cervical smears · To determine the effect of using smaller coverslips on quality assurance in the cytology laboratory · Evaluate the effect that manual re-screening of smears has on quality assurance in the cytology laboratory. As there is a shortage of cytotechnologists and pathologists worldwide, several countries make use of automated screening devices as primary screening or secondary screening for quality assurance. These devices were tested in some laboratories in South Africa but were found to be very expensive and sensitivity and specificity were not up to standard. Sensitivity is a measure of the ability of a test to detect the abnormal - Sensitivity is the ratio of true positives to true positives + false negatives. Specificity is a measure of the ability of a test to correctly identify the negative - Specificity is the ratio of true negative to true negatives + false positives. The automated screening machines failed to identify abnormal cells amongst inflammatory cells, as well as in very blood stained smears. Several other problems also occurred and an increasing number of smears had to be manually rescreened, thus making this exercise costly and not helpful as a quality assurance instrument. The slides used for this thesis, have been retrieved from the archives of the Ampath laboratory in Port Elizabeth. Fourteen specific contributing factors affecting quality assurance in the diagnosis of cervical smears are also discussed and conclusions and recommendations given.

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Woo, Pao-sun Pauline, and 胡寶璇. "Applications of age-period-cohort and state-transition Markov models in understanding cervical cancer incidence trends and evaluating thecost-effectiveness of cytologic screening." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36900400.

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McDonald, Louise Ann. "A Comparison Of The Detection Of Tumour Cells In Cervical Lymph Nodes Of Patients With Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma By Testing For Spliced Transcripts Of Cytokeratin 5 Immunohistochemistry Or Light Microscopy; And The Prognostic Effect Compared With That Of Other Factors." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4456.

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Fraga, Thalyta Porto. "Análise citopatológica do líquor em pacientes com leucemia linfoblástica aguda." Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8898.

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Introduction: The Central Nervous System (CNS) is an important site of relapse in patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), despite increasing cure rates in the last four decades in young patients. The presence of leukemic blasts in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) presents prognostic implication and therefore defines changes in the therapeutic protocol, which is why it requires diagnostic accuracy. The emergence of new techniques for identifying CSF leukemia blasts, such as flow cytometry and molecular methods, which are more costly and not uniformly accessible for clinical use, have led to the need to reassess the role of conventional cytology as diagnostic tool. Objectives: To identify the proportion of CSF samples positive for blasts in children and adolescents with ALL, using a standardized cytology technique and with standardization of variables related to the process that could interfere with the result. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive, uncontrolled study in which samples of CSF obtained by lumbar puncture of patients with ALL that were starting treatment were examined. CSF samples were sent to the laboratory shortly after collection, being processed and cytocentrifugated in cytofunyl in up to four hours after collection. Four slides were prepared, stained and analyzed by a pathologist and a hematologist. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients with ALL were evaluated, with predominance of male (58.6%), immunophenotype B (82.2%) and 78.5% were stratified as high risk for relapse. Of the 205 CSF samples evaluated, 26 (12.6%) were positive for blasts and among 28 patients, 11 (39.2%) had CSF with neoplastic infiltration. Comparing the groups with and without CNS infiltration, no statistically significant difference was observed for the variables analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional cytology was effective in the identification of CNS infiltration by blasts, provided there is a vigilance of factors related to collection, processing and analysis of CSF that may interfere in the reliability of the result.
Introdução: O Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) é importante sítio de recaída em pacientes com Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda (LLA), apesar das crescentes taxas de cura nas últimas quatro décadas em pacientes jovens. A presença de blastos leucêmicos no Líquido Cefalorraquiano (LCR) apresenta implicação prognóstica e, portanto, define mudanças no protocolo terapêutico, razão pela qual requer acurácia diagnóstica. O surgimento de novas técnicas de identificação de blastos leucêmicos no LCR, como a citometria de fluxo e os métodos moleculares, que têm custo mais elevado e não estão uniformemente acessíveis para uso clínico, trouxe a necessidade de reavaliar-se o papel da citologia convencional como instrumento diagnóstico. Objetivos: Identificar a proporção de exames de LCR positivos para blastos em crianças e adolescentes com LLA, utilizando-se de técnica de citologia padronizada e com padronização de variáveis relacionadas ao processo que pudessem interferir no resultado. Delineamento: Estudo prospectivo, descritivo, não controlado, no qual foram examinadas amostras de LCR obtidas por punção lombar de pacientes com LLA que estavam iniciando o tratamento. As amostras de LCR foram encaminhadas ao laboratório logo após a coleta, sendo processadas e citocentrifugadas em citofunil em até no máximo quatro horas após a coleta. Quatro lâminas foram preparadas, coradas e analisadas por um patologista e um hematologista. Resultados: Foram avaliados 28 pacientes com LLA, havendo predomínio do sexo masculino (58,6%), imunofenótipo B (82,2%) e 78,5% foram estratificados como de alto risco para recaída. Dentre as 205 amostras de LCR avaliadas, 26 (12,6%) foram positivas para blastos e dentre os 28 pacientes, 11 (39,2%) obtiveram algum exame de LCR com infiltração neoplásica. Comparando-se os grupos com e sem infiltração de SNC, não se observou diferença estatisticamente significante para as variáveis analisadas. Conclusão: Citologia convencional foi efetiva na identificação de infiltração de SNC por blastos leucêmicos, desde que haja vigilância dos fatores relacionados a coleta, processamento e análise do LCR que possam interferir na fidedignidade do resultado.
Aracaju, SE

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Marques, Karine Piñera. "Lesões actinicamente induzidas em lábio inferior de pescadores: estudo clínico, cito e anatomopatológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-13012009-124324/.

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Este estudo propôs-se a avaliar lesões de lábio inferior de pescadores nas praias de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, através de análise clínica, cito e anatomopatológica. Foi realizada análise citológica de esfregaços do lábio inferior de todos os pescadores (125) cuja celularidade foi adequada (83,2% dos casos). Em 16 pescadores a avaliação clínica indicou a necessidade de biópsia, nos quais observaram-se 4 casos de lesão maligna (3,2%) e 12 de graus variados de displasia (9,6%). A análise citológica dos esfregaços não foi capaz de detectar nenhuma das alterações displásicas ou malignas diagnosticadas nas biópsias. Todos os casos em que as características clínicas indicaram a necessidade de biópsia revelaram alterações significativas na análise histopatológica. Concluiu-se que a incidência de lesões displásicas e malignas é alta na população de pescadores estudada e que está fortemente associada às manifestações clínicas correspondentes à alteração na delimitação entre vermelhão do lábio e pele e aumento da consistência à palpação, não sendo a citologia esfoliativa adequada, apenas em bases morfológicas, para avaliação de queilite actínica e câncer de lábio.
This study proposed to evaluate the injury of lower lip of fishermen on the beaches of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, through clinical, cytopathological and histopathological analysis. Cytological examination was performed on smears of the lower lip of all fishermen (125) whose cellularity was satisfactory in 83,2% of the cases. On 16 fishermen the clinical evaluation indicated the need of biopsy. In 4 cases (3.2%) it was observed malignant lesions and in 12 cases (9,6%) it was observed differents degrees of dysplasia. The cytological analysis was unable to detect any of the dysplastic changes or malignancies diagnosticated in the histopathological study. In all cases where the clinical features indicated the need of biopsy it had significant changes in microscopic analysis. It was concluded that the incidence of malignant and premalignant lesions is high in this fishermen studied population, which is strongly associated with the clinical manifestations corresponding to blurring of vermilion margin and infiltration, and the exfoliative cytology is inadequate, only in morphological basis, to detect dysplastic alterations and cancer of the lip.

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Peretti, Jean-François de. "Contribution à la réalisation d'un cédérom pédagogique en hématologie : parasitoses sanguicoles." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23034.

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Durand, Brigitte. "Étude cytologique du liquide de lavage broncho-alvéolaire : à propos de 548 prélèvements." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO1T026.

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ZORO, BEGUE PATRICIA. "Interets des marqueurs de malignite pour le cytodiagnostic des nodules thyroidiens." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20847.

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Neuberg, Klaus-Peter. "Einsatz der exfoliativen Endometriumszytologie bei Zuchtstuten unter Praxisbedingungen : Vergleich von verschiedenen Entnahmemethoden /." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999132105/04.

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Galhaud, Jean-Philippe. "Contribution à la réalisation d'un cédérom pédagogique en hématologie : les hémopathies myéloi͏̈des." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P051.

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Oliveira, Tânia Cristini de. "Étude de l'hétérogénéité intratumorale dans le cancer du sein : multimarquage et microscopie confocale." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077059.

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L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser l'hétérogénéité de la distribution spatiale de différents marqueurs dans des tumeurs mammaires et, plus particulièrement, dans des carcinomes canalaires infiltrants. Nous avons étudié par microscopie confocale et analyse d'images la variabilité d'expression de deux marqueurs de prolifération (Ki-67 et PCNA), de l'oncogène c-erbB-2 et de la PS2, protéine œstrogène-dépendante. De plus, nous avons corrélé le contenu en ADN des cellules et l'expression de ces marqueurs. Pour chaque tumeur, un échantillonnage en cascade a été réalisé : plusieurs blocs dans une même tumeur, plusieurs régions et sous-régions, en périphérie ou au centre de la tumeur. Une analyse de variance emboîtée a permis de montrer que l'hétérogénéité de distribution de différents marqueurs se retrouve aux différents niveaux de l'échantillonnage. De plus, la distance entre les blocs ou entre les régions accroît la variabilité d'expression des marqueurs. Ces résultats suggèrent que différents blocs d'une même tumeur doivent être étudiés afin d'améliorer le diagnostic individuel des patientes et les procédures thérapeutiques. Ces résultats doivent être confirmés par l'étude d'un plus grand nombre de cas.

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Vercauteren, Tom. "Recalage et Mosaïques d’Images pour la Microscopie Confocale Fibrée Dynamique In Vivo." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00221481.

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La microscopie confocale peut être adaptée in vivo grâce à l’utilisation de fibres optiques et devrait permettre à terme de réaliser des biopsies optiques. Le but de cette thèse est de dépasser les limites matérielles de ces instruments grâce au recalage d’images. Ce manuscrit est cadré par l’objectif de proposer, au travers de mosaïques d’images, des biopsies optiques à grand champ. Cette application est considérée comme un système qui prendrait en entrée des données brutes et délivrerait en sortie des mosaïques d’images à grand champ. Nous détaillons les éléments critiques du système avant d’en présenter la structure complete. Les données brutes sont difficiles à interpréter parce que modulées par la structure du réseau de fibres optiques et parce qu’entachées d’artefacts géométriques. Nous montrons qu’une reconstruction en temps réel permet d’obtenir des séquences vidéos directement interprétables. D’autre part, le mouvement relatif du tissu par rapport à la sonde optique implique qu’il est parfois difficile d’obtenir certaines mesures quantitatives. Nous avons donc attaqué le problème du recalage linéaire d’images. Nous montrons que des outils récents provenant du contrôle robotique par la vision peuvent surpasser les solutions standards utilisées en analyse d’images biomédicales. L’adéquation de ces outils nous a amenés à revisiter le problème du recalage non-linéaire. En interprétant le recalage non-linéaire comme un problème d’optimisation sur un groupe de Lie, nous développons un algorithme rapide de recalage difféomorphe. Finalement, nous proposons un algorithme robuste de création de mosaïques d’images. Cet algorithme a été incorporé dans un essai clinique
Confocal microscopy can be adapted for in vivo use by using optical fibers. It could ultimately enable clinicians and biologists to perform optical biopsies. The goal of this thesis is to move beyond hardware limitations of these devices through image registration. This manuscript is framed by the goal of providing, through video mosaics, wide field-of-view optical biopsies. This application is seen as a pipeline that takes raw data as input and provides wide field-of-view image mosaics as output. We detail the critical building blocks of this pipeline before presenting our mosaicing framework. The raw data is difficult to use as it is modulated by a fiber optics bundle pattern and distorted by geometric artifacts. We show that real-time image reconstruction can be used to get readily interpretable video sequences. Furthermore the combined movement of the imaged tissues and the flexible optical microprobe makes it sometimes difficult to get some measurements of interest. To address this problem, we investigated efficient and robust registration of images. We show that registration tools recently developed in the field of vision-based robot control can outperform classical image registration solutions used in biomedical image analysis. The adequacy of these tools for linear registration led us to revisit non-rigid registration. By casting the non-rigid registration problem as an optimization problem on a Lie group, we develop a fast diffeomorphic registration scheme. Finally, we propose a robust mosaicing algorithm which has been incorporated within a multicenter clinical trial

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Fafin, Lefevre Mélanie. "Contribution à l'étude de l'apport de la cytologie automatisée dans le diagnostic et le dépistage du cancer broncho-pulmonaire." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN3129.

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Un protocole de surveillance médicale a été développé dans les consultations de pathologie professionnelle en Normandie, pour les personnes anciennement exposées à l’amiante. Ces patients étaient vus tous les 2 ans pour un suivi radiologique et une expectoration bronchique était alors recueillie. Ainsi, 2183 prélèvements, provenant de 1674 patients, ont été rassemblés, avec de 1 à 3 prélèvements disponibles par patient à des intervalles de 2 ans. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était de rechercher les paramètres morphométriques susceptibles de rendre compte précocement de la présence de cellules transformées dans les cytologies d’expectoration, en faisant appel à des méthodes d’analyses statistiques innovantes basées sur l’analyse des distributions. Dans un premier temps, 13 paramètres de taille, d’intensité, de texture et de contenu en ADN ont été mis en évidence à partir d’une collection de 25 prélèvements témoins et de 26 échantillons provenant de patients atteints d’un cancer. Ensuite, après préparation et coloration de l’ensemble des prélèvements de la cohorte, dont les éléments cellulaires ont été triés automatiquement, 9 paramètres ont montré des différences significatives entre les populations cellulaires provenant de témoins et celles provenant de patients dont on sait qu’ils ont développé un cancer par la suite. Enfin, une étude de faisabilité a été menée pour statuer des conditions et de l’apport potentiel d’une analyse de la totalité du contenu des échantillons cytologiques, sur lames virtuelles
A follow up of retired workers previously exposed to asbestos has been organized in the Occupational Health Departments in Normandy. These patients were seen every 2 years for radiological screening and sputum sample collection. Thus, 2183 cytological specimens, from 1674 patients were gathered, with 1 to 3 samples available per patient, at 2-years intervals. The main objective of this thesis was to look for the morphometric parameters likely to show the presence of transformed cells, at early stages, in sputum samples, using an original statistical method, based on the analysis of the distributions of parameters. Firstly, 13 parameters of size, intensity, texture and DNA content were found to be able to discriminate 25 cytological samples coming from healthy volunteers from 26 cytological samples gathered from patients presenting with broncho-pulmonary cancer. After preparation, staining and image recording of each sample coming from the follow up cohort and from which nuclei were automatically sorted, a pre-study was undertaken to compare the cell populations of healthy control and retired workers having later developed a cancer. Nine morphometric parameters proved to be discriminant. Finally, a feasibility study was conducted to rule on the conditions and potential contribution of an analysis of the whole cells of the cytological samples, on virtual slides

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Adenot-Lasnier, Elisabeth. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la survenue des lésions hépatiques d'hypoxie-réoxygénation : interactions entre polynucléaires neutrophiles et cellules endothéliales sinusoi͏̈dales de rat." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05P621.

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Les polynucléaires neutrophiles (PN) sont impliqués dans le développement des lésions d'hypoxie-réoxygénation hépatique. Nous avons étudié leur rôle pathogène potentiel envers les cellules endothéliales sinusoi͏̈dales hépatiques (CESH). L'hypoxie-réoxygénation (HR) des PN entraîne une augmentation de leur métabolisme oxydatif. Les PN en co-culture avec les CESH n'exercent pas d'effet toxique direct sur les CESH. Les surnageants de polynucléaires exercent un effet cytotoxique qui est augmenté lorsque les polynucléaires sont traités par un activateur de la dégranulation, alors que l'HR ne majore pas cet effet. La sensibilisation des cellules endothéliales par HR ou par le TNFα ne modifie pas ces résultats. L'élastase n'est pas responsable de la toxicité. L'étude du protéome des cellules endothéliales a montré une augmentation d'expression de la cystéine dioxygénase après HR ou après traitement par le surnageant de polynucléaires neutrophiles
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) have been implicated in the development of hepatic hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential toxic effect of PMNs towards sinusoidal endothelial cells. (SECs). Hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) of PMNs induced an increase in their oxidative metabolism. Rat SECs were incubated either with PMNs in coculture or with their conditioned medium. PMN-conditioned medium, but not PMNs themselses, induced a cytotoxic effect on SECs, which was increased following PMN treatment with an activator of degranulation, but not by HR treatment. Cytotoxic effect of PMN-conditioned medium was not modified irrespective of whether SECs were activated by HR or by TNFα. The cytotoxic effect of PMN-conditioned medium was not mediated by elastase. The study of SECs proteome has shown a higher expression of the cysteine dioxygenase when they were exposed to HR or to PMN-conditioned medium

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Rongeat, Nelly. "Utilisation de sources polychromes pour le diagnostic cytologique : application à l’hématologie." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0d24edc7-c7f9-4bd3-b914-19e882afa99d/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4014.pdf.

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Mon travail de thèse concerne la détection de fluorescences multiples et de signaux d'extinction résolus en longueurs d'onde pour la cytométrie en flux. Plusieurs techniques de traitement des faisceaux sont exposées dans le but d’améliorer le rapport signal sur bruit de la détection. Ces avancées permettent de minimiser les facteurs de compensations traditionnellement utilisés en cytométrie de flux. Dans une première expérience, les intensités de deux sources lasers sont ajustées dans le but d’identifier des populations leucocytaires marquées par deux types de colorants (Thiazole Orange et phycoérythrine cyanine 5 couplé à un anticorps) ayant des intensités de fluorescence fortement inégales. Dans une seconde expérience, nous montrons que l'excitation multilongueur d'onde de l'échantillon permet, dans des conditions de codage appropriées, de séparer les fluorescences provenant de microsphères différentes. Ce procédé apporte une fiabilité accrue pour la caractérisation de cellules marquées. La perspective est d'intégrer ce système dans des analyseurs d'hématologie utilisant des techniques d'immunomarquages multiples. Dans une troisième expérience, nous démontrons qu’un système laser polychromatique de type supercontinuum fonctionnant en régime déclenché avec une synchronisation des impulsions lasers sur le passage de cellules dans un cytomètre en flux permet d’identifier efficacement des populations ou souspopulations cellulaires. Les expériences ont été effectuées sur des cellules sanguines en utilisant la diffraction orthogonale et la fluorescence issue d’un colorant spécifique des acides nucléiques
The detection of multiple fluorescence and extinction signals resolved in wavelengths for flow cytometry is described in this manuscript. Several techniques in optical beam processing are exposed in order to improve the signal to noise ratio in detection. These headways allow minimizing compensation factors traditionally used in flow cytometry. In the first experiment, intensities of two laser sources are adjusted in order to identify leukocyte populations labeled by two types of dyes (Thiazole Orange and phycoerythrin cyanin 5 coupled to an antibody) having strongly uneven fluorescence intensities. In a second experiment, we show that coding of each wavelength excitation signals allows accurate separation of fluorescences from different microspheres. This process increase reliability on the characterization of labeled cells. The prospect is to integrate this system into hematology analyzers using techniques of multiple immunostaining. In the third experiment, a supercontinuum white-light source is integrated in a specific flow cytometer. This triggered source is synchronized to blood cells in a flow cytometer to identify efficiently cell populations or subpopulations. The experiments were realized on blood cells using orthogonal diffraction and fluorescence coming from a nucleic acid specific stain

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Nahas, Caio Sergio Rizkallah. "Rastreamento da displasia anal em pacientes infectados pelo HIV: há concordância entre o estregaço anal e a biópsia guiada por anuscopia de alta resolução?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5154/tde-10072012-145651/.

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OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a concordância entre o esfregaço anal e a biópsia guiada por anuscopia de alta resolução no diagnóstico da displasia anal em pacientes infectados pelo HIV. MÉTODO: Conduzimos uma análise transversal de pacientes infectados pelo HIV submetidos a rastreamento de displasia anal rotineiro. A concordância entre mensurações foi estimada por índice de kappa ponderado através de sistema de avaliação citológica e histológica de três categorias (normal, displasia de baixo grau, e displasia de alto grau). Estimativas de sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos foram calculados através de sistema de avaliação citológica e histológica de duas categorias (ausência de displasia e displasia de qualquer grau). Estimativas foram calculadas também para a detecção de displasia de alto grau. RESULTADOS: No decorrer de um ano, 222 pacientes foram submetidos a 330 esfregaços anais seguidos de biópsias guiadas por anuscopia de alta resolução. Trezentos e onze (311) esfregaços com biópsias concomitantes foram satisfatórios. Considerando-se a histologia como padrão, a freqüência de displasia anal foi de 46%. O índice kappa ponderado para concordância entre o esfregaço anal e a biópsia foi de 0,20. Para detecção de displasia anal de qualquer grau, o esfregaço anal demonstrou sensibilidade de 61%, especificidade de 60%, valor preditivo positivo de 56% e valor preditivo negativo de 64%. Para displasia de alto grau, o esfregaço anal demonstrou sensibilidade de 16% e especificidade de 97%. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo, em que comparamos os achados da citologia dos esfregaços com os achados histológicos das biópsias dirigidas pela anuscopia de alta resolução em pacientes infectados pelo HIV permitiram concluir que houve baixa concordância entre eles
Purpose: To analyze the agreement between anal Pap smear and high resolution anoscopy guided biopsy to diagnose anal dysplasia in HIV-infected patients. Methods: Cross sectional analysis of HIV-infected patients receiving anal dysplasia screening as part of routine care. Agreement between measures was estimated by weighted kappa-statistics, using 3-tiered cytologic and histologic grading system (normal, low grade dysplasia, and high grade dysplasia). Estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated using a 2-tiered cytologic and histologic grading system (without dysplasia, and with dysplasia of any grade). Estimates were also calculated for the detection of high grade dysplasia. Results: Two hundred and twenty-two patients underwent 330 anal Pap smears followed by high resolution anoscopy guided biopsies in one year period. There were 311 satisfactory Pap smears with concurrent biopsy. Considering histology the standard, the frequency of anal dysplasia was 46 percent (95 percent confidence interval: 40-51 percent). Kappa-agreement between anal Pap smear and biopsy was 0.20 (95 percent confidence interval: 0.10 0.29). Anal Pap smear showed sensitivity of 61 percent, specificity of 60 percent, positive predictive value of 56 percent, and negative predictive value of 64 percent for detection of anal dysplasia of any grade. For high grade dysplasia, anal Pap smear showed sensitivity of 16 percent, and specificity of 97 percent. Conclusion: The present study showed a low concordance between anal Pap smears and high resolution anoscopy-guided biopsy

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Vignaux-Boraud, Delphine. "Intérêt de l'étude des cellules de Sézary : étude parallèle en biologie moléculaire par PCR des clones T sanguins et cutanés." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23099.

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Soubeyran, Pierre. "Suivi de la maladie résiduelle circulante dans les lymphomes folliculaires par l'étude de la translocation t(14;18) : intérêt de l'analyse de l'expression du gène hybride bcl-2/IgH et de la quantification des cellules circulantes." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28455.

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36

Samant, Chinmay. "Ultrasound laparoscopic guidance for minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, and ablation procedures." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD054.

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La chirurgie laparoscopique minimalement invasive guidée par l'image permet la réduction de la durée des séjours à l'hôpital pour le patient, réduisant ainsi les traumatismes postopératoires et accélérant le temps de guérison. Avec les progrès récents des techniques d'imagerie, les chirurgiens peuvent planifier une chirurgie de manière efficace et en toute confiance en utilisant différentes modalités d'image telles que la tomodensitométrie / IRM, les images échographiques, etc. Les techniques de fusion d'images en temps réel permettent la superposition de différents types d'images pour fournir une vue complète au chirurgien. Un aspect important de la fusion en temps réel est que l'instrument laparoscopique est suivi en temps réel à l'aide de capteurs. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une analyse détaillée de ces technologies de suivi tout en fournissant une nouvelle configuration de capteurs pour le suivi d'images par laparoscope à ultrasons. Nous présentons une chaîne cinématique pour la configuration des capteurs et nous fournissons une solution pour la réduction du bruit présent dans les données des capteurs en utilisant la technique de moyennage des rotations. Le Hand-Eye calibration (étalonnage main-œil) est également un élément fondamental des systèmes de suivi hybrides. Nous présentons une révision détaillée de cette technique. Nous présentons également une méthode déterministe, robuste et précise pour résoudre le problème d'étalonnage main-œil, même pour de grandes quantités de valeurs aberrantes et des niveaux élevés de bruit de mesure. La méthode proposée est basée sur une reformulation d'un problème de programmation semi-définie à contraintes de rang où la robustesse est renforcée via une approche d'optimisation pondérée de façon itérative
Minimally invasive image-guided laparoscopic surgery allows shorter hospital stays for the patient reducing post-operative trauma and faster healing time. With the recent advances in imaging techniques, surgeons can efficiently and confidently plan a surgery by using different image modalities such as CT/MRI scans, ultrasound images etc. Real-time image fusion techniques can overlay the images from different modalities together to provide a comprehensive view to the surgeon. An important aspect of real-time fusion is that the laparoscopic instrument is tracked in real-time using sensors. In this thesis, we present a detailed analysis of such tracking technologies while providing a novel sensor setup for ultrasound laparoscope image tracking. We present a kinematic chain for the sensor setup and provide a solution for noise reduction in the sensor data using rotation averaging technique. Hand-Eye calibration is also a fundamental part of hybrid tracking systems. We present a detailed review of this technique. We also present a deterministic, robust and accurate method for solving Hand-Eye calibration problem even for large amounts of outliers and high levels of measurement noise. The proposed method is based on a reformulation of a rank-constrained semi-definite programming problem allowing for robustness to be enforced via an iteratively re-weighted optimization approach

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37

Weichhold, Wiebke. "Détection du parvovirus B19 dans les produits d'avortements humains par hybridation in situ et PCR." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23044.

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38

Leducq, Nathalie. "Mitochondries et transplantation hépatique : détection des dysfonctions par l'analyse top-down et la RMN du P31." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28738.

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39

Salas, Daniel. "Parallélisation hybride d’une application de détection de noyaux cellulaires." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD018.

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L’algorithme Marked Point Process parallélisé en mémoire partagée permet d’accélérer la détection de noyaux cellulaires. Cependant, les limites imposées par le nombre de cœurs CPU ou la capacité mémoire des cartes GPU ne permet pas d’analyser une image histologique entière (50 000 × 50 000 pixels). Pour y parvenir, nous proposons d’ajouter une dimension distribuée à cette parallélisation en utilisant le modèle hybride Ordered Read-Write Locks. Afin de garantir la validité de l’algorithme original, nous avons mis en place différentes stratégies pour d’une part garantir le traitement de l’ensemble des noyaux et d’autre part, pour que les traitements locaux soient considérés à l’échelle globale. Les tests menés ont tout d’abord permis de valider le passage à l’échelle de l’application puis d’afficher un facteur d’accélération de 40 sur 64 cœurs CPU
The shared memory parallelized version of the Marked Point Process algorithm allows to speed-up cells nuclei detection. However, the limitations imposed by the number of CPU cores or the memory capacity of GPU cards do not allow to analyse an entire histological image (50,000 × 50,000 pixels). To achieve this, we propose to add a distributed dimension to this parallelization using the hybrid Ordered Read-Write Locks model. In order to guarantee the validity of the original algorithm, we have implemented different strategies to ensure that all nuclei are processed and that local processing is considered on a global scale. The tests carried out first validated the scalability of the application and then showed an acceleration factor of 40 on 64 CPU cores

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Mercier, Luc. "Disséquer la cascade métastatique par des approches innovantes d'imagerie cellulaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ091/document.

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La métastase peut être considérée comme le produit final d’un processus à la fois biologique mécanique et chimique où les cellules cancéreuses disséminent dans l’organisme pour envahir un nouvel organe à distance en s’établissant dans un nouvel microenvironnement tissulaire. Bien que les métastases soient la principale cause de décès liée au cancer, les principaux mécanismes impliqués dans ce processus restent à élucider. La communauté scientifique manque de techniques d’imagerie adaptées pour disséquer avec la plus haute résolution possible le comportement des cellules tumorales in vivo. Par conséquent, le but principal de ma thèse a été de développer une approche d’imagerie intravitale non-invasive appliquée à la souris. Cette approche a été inclue dans le développement d’un protocole de microscopie corrélative intravitale permettant l’étude de cellules tumorales à différentes échelles dans leur environnement naturel. Ce protocole a été utilisé dans l’étude de cellules invasives tumorales uniques dans l’oreille et le cerveau de la souris. Le but était de décrire les détails des protrusions cellulaires ainsi que les interactions cellule-matrice lors de l’invasion et l’intravasation de cellules cancéreuses
Metastasis can be considered as the end product of a multistep bio-mechano-chemical process where cancer cells disseminate to anatomically distant organs and home and establish themselves in a new tissue microenvironment. Although metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death, the main cellular mechanisms enabling this process remain to be elucidated. Importantly, the scientific community lacks adapted imaging technologies to accurately dissect, at the highest resolution possible, tumor cell behavior in vivo. Therefore, the main goal of my PhD thesis was to develop an intravital and non-invasive imaging approach to track tumor progression in the living mouse. This approach was included in the development of an intravital Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy protocol allowing to track tumor cells at different scales in their natural environment. It was used to study single invasive tumor cells in the mouse ear and brain and to describe the details of cell protrusions and cell-matrix interactions during invasion and intravasation of cancer cells

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41

Lawson, Roland Fabrice. "Implication de la sérotonine et des récepteurs 5-HT2 dans le remodelage valvulaire cardiaque." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ076/document.

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Un lien entre certaines dysfonctions du système sérotoninergique et la survenue de valvulopathies a été suggéré par les lésions valvulaires observées au cours de l’utilisation chronique de certains agonistes des récepteurs 5-HT2 (dérivés de l’ergot de seigle, fenfluramine) et les atteintes tumorales carcinoïdes (qui entrainent une augmentation des taux de 5-HT circulante). Les lésions dégénératives associent une fibrose, une sténose et/ou une régurgitation des valves pouvant conduire à de nombreuses complications cardiovasculaires. À l’heure actuelle, il n’existe aucune thérapeutique pouvant freiner ou faire régresser les lésions. Nos travaux démontrent à partir de modèles animaux et cellulaires, l’implication effective des récepteurs 5-HT2B et 5-HT2A dans l’initiation des lésions. L’analyse histologique des valves à partir de nos modèles animaux a révélé la contribution des cellules endothéliales au cours des stades précoces. Ces cellules sont des progéniteurs endothéliaux (CD34+) recrutés à partir de la moelle au sein de la valve sous la stimulation des récepteurs 5-HT2 et par un mécanisme intracellulaire impliquant la eNOS. Des travaux ultérieurs permettront de mieux caractériser les différents types cellulaires et les biomarqueurs d’initiation du processus afin de déterminer de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques
Several studies have reported a strong correlation between the development of cardiac valve injury and some dysfunctions of the serotonergic system. Valve lesions are observed during the chronic use of some 5-HT2 receptors agonists (ergot derivates or fenfluramine derivatives) or are secondary to metastatic carcinoid tumours (with increased circulating 5-HT amount). These lesions show fibrosis, with thickened leaflets, valves stenosis and/or regurgitation followed by several cardiovascular complications. There is no medical treatment to stop or alter the natural course of the lesions. Surgical replacement by prosthesis is the only effective therapy. Our study based on animal and cellular pharmacological models, demonstrates the serotonergic system contribution through 5-HT2B and 5-HT2A receptors in the pathogenesis of valve degeneration. Histological analysis of the lesions reveals the contribution of endothelial cells to the initiation process. These cells are probably endothelial progenitors (CD34+) recruited inside the valve implying a NO-dependent mechanism. Further studies will characterize the specific cells to find biomarkers of valve remodelling initiation and at term, will identify best therapeutic targets around the serotonergic system

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42

Kulker, Anna. "Application de l'analyse quantitative des images au cyto-diagnostic des cancers du col de l'utérus." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321543.

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Etude du diagnostic des lésions prémalignes du col de l'utérus, fondée sur l'utilisation d'un système automatique d'analyse des frottis vaginaux: le système LEYTAS (Leyden Television Analysis System). Plusieurs paramètres nucléaires ont été mesurés en utilisant le système SAMBA. Le taux actuel de faux positifs commis par le système LEYTAS peut être réduit fortement en utilisant des paramètres nucléaires, tels que la densité optique moyenne et des paramètres de texture nucléaire

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43

Girerd, Cédric. "Conception de robots à tubes concentriques et application à l'inspection des cellules olfactives." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD005/document.

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Ces travaux de thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre du projet ANR NEMRO, visant à étudier le lien entre déficience olfactive et maladies neurodégénératives. A cet effet, une biopsie optique de l’épithélium olfactif doit être réalisée. Son accès est cependant impossible, aujourd’hui, avec les outils conventionnels. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous proposons l’utilisation d’un robot à tubes concentriques (RTC). Sa synthèse est réalisée à partir d’images médicales. Elle prend en compte les critères de stabilité, la variabilité inter-sujet, et est associée à un déploiement ALFI (A La File Indienne). Le dispositif étant porté par le sujet, il doit être léger et compact. Une séquence de déploiement spécifique simplifie alors l’unité d’actionnement, et une implémentation est réalisée par fabrication additive multimatériaux. L’évaluation préliminaire d’un déploiement ALFI et des éléments de technologie clés a permis de valider l’approche retenue dans le projet NEMRO, ainsi que sa faisabilité
This PhD thesis is part of the ANR NEMRO project, whose goal is to study the hypothetical correlation between olfactory deficiency and neurodegenerative diseases. For this purpose, an optical biopsy of the olfactory epithelium must be performed. However, this area is not accessible today with conventional tools. To go beyond this limitation, we propose to investigate the use a concentric tube robot (CTR). Its synthesis is performed from medical images. It takes into account the stability criteria, inter-subject variability, and is associated to a FTL (Follow-The-Leader) deployment. As the device is mounted on the subject, it has to be compact and lightweight. Thus, a specific deployment sequence simplifies the actuation unit, and an implementation is proposed using multimaterial additive manufacturing. Preliminary evaluations of the FTL deployment capabilities and the key components of the device allowed to validate the approach chosen for the NEMRO project, and its feasibility

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44

"Telecytopathology with mainland China." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891356.

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Yuan, Qin.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-119).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgements --- p.III
Publications --- p.V
List of Abbreviations --- p.VI
List of Figures --- p.VII
List of Tables --- p.VIII
Abstract in English --- p.IX
Abstract in Chinese --- p.XII
Table of Contents --- p.XIII
Chapter CHAPTER1 I --- NTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- What is telemedicine --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- What is telepathology --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Types of telepathology system --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Main events in the development of telepathology --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Diagnostic accuracy in telepathology and telecytology --- p.12
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Applications of telepathology --- p.18
Chapter 1.2.4.a --- Remote primary diagnosis --- p.18
Chapter 1.2.4.b --- Remote expert consultation --- p.19
Chapter 1.2.4.c --- "Image libraries, databases and archiving" --- p.20
Chapter 1.2.4.d --- Quality assurance --- p.20
Chapter 1.2.4.e --- Remote teaching and training --- p.21
Chapter 1.3 --- Technical aspects of telepathology --- p.24
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Image presentation --- p.24
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Image acquisition and display --- p.25
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Image compression --- p.27
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Networking and line connections --- p.29
Chapter 1.3.4.a --- Public (analog) telephone network --- p.29
Chapter 1.3.4.b --- Integrated services digital network (ISDN) --- p.30
Chapter 1.3.4.c --- Computer network --- p.30
Chapter 1.3.4.d --- Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) --- p.31
Chapter 1.4 --- Legal and ethical aspects --- p.32
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Licensure of the facility --- p.33
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Licensure of the pathologist --- p.33
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Accreditation --- p.34
Chapter 1.4.4 --- The electronic medical record: privacy --- p.35
Chapter 1.4.5 --- Malpractice liability --- p.36
Chapter 1.4.6 --- Reimbursement --- p.38
Chapter 1.4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.38
Chapter 1.5 --- Telemedicine and telepathology in China --- p.40
Chapter 1.6 --- Cytopathology practice in China --- p.42
Chapter CHAPTER2 --- OBJECTIVES OF STUDY --- p.46
Chapter CHAPTER3 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.48
Chapter 3.1 --- Case materials --- p.48
Chapter 3.2 --- Static image capture and display --- p.51
Chapter 3.3 --- Static telecytology study --- p.55
Chapter 3.4 --- Web-based tutorial program --- p.59
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Pre-tutorial evaluation --- p.60
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Cytology tutorial --- p.62
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Post-tutorial evaluation --- p.66
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Data analysis --- p.67
Chapter 3.5 --- Dynamic telecytology study --- p.68
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Equipment --- p.68
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Trial design --- p.72
Chapter 3.5.2a --- Telecytology diagnosis --- p.72
Chapter 3.5.2b --- Light microscopy diagnosis --- p.73
Chapter 3.5.2c --- Data analysis --- p.74
Chapter CHAPTER4 --- RESULTS --- p.75
Chapter 4.1 --- General information about participating cytology laboratories --- p.75
Chapter 4.2 --- Static telecytology study --- p.78
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Telecytology diagnostic agreement --- p.78
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Confidence of telecytology diagnosis --- p.80
Chapter 4.2.3 --- "The acceptance of the image quality, time required for each case" --- p.83
Chapter 4.3 --- Web-based program on cervical cytology --- p.84
Chapter 4.4 --- Dynamic telecytology study --- p.86
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Diagnostic accuracy --- p.86
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Time studies --- p.88
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Diagnostic certainty --- p.89
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Image quality --- p.91
Chapter CHAPTER5 --- DISCUSSION --- p.92
Chapter 5.1 --- Static image telecytology study linking 14 Mainland China hospitals --- p.93
Chapter 5.2 --- Problems encountered in setting up links with Mainland China --- p.97
Chapter 5.3 --- Web-based tutorial programme for remote teaching --- p.100
Chapter 5.4 --- Dynamic image telecytology study for immediate diagnosis at a distance --- p.103
Chapter 5.5 --- Limitations of this study --- p.105
Chapter 5.6 --- Concluding remarks --- p.108
REFERENCES --- p.112

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Swetha, M. "Automation of Microscopic Tests for Cyto-diagnostics Using Custom-built Slide Scanner." Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2717.

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Optical microscopy is the simplest and the gold standard method adopted for the screening and subsequent diagnosis of various hematological and infectious diseases like malaria, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis etc. In addition to infectious disease diagnosis, its applications range from routine blood tests to the more sophisticated cancer biopsy sample analysis. Microscopy Tests (MTs) follow a common procedural workflow: (1) A technician prepares a smear of the given sample on a glass slide in a specific manner depending on the sample and the disease to be diagnosed; (2) The smeared slide is subsequently exposed to fixative agents and different histochemical stains specific to the diagnosis to be performed and (3) the prepared slide is then observed under a high quality bright- field bench-top microscope. An expert pathologist/cytologist is required to manually examine multiple fields-of-views of the prepared slide under appropriate magnification. Multiple re-adjustments in the focus and magnification makes the process of microscopic examination time consuming and tedious. Further, the manual intervention required in all the aforementioned steps involved in a typical MT, makes it inaccessible to rural/resource limited conditions and restricts the diagnostics to be performed by trained personnel in laboratory settings. To overcome these limitations, there has been considerable research interest in developing cost-effective systems that help in automating MTs. The work done in this thesis addresses these issues and proposes a two-step solution to the problem of affordable automation of MTs for cellular imaging and subsequent diagnostic assessment. The first step deals with the development of a low cost portable system that employs custom-built microscopy setup using o -the-shelf optical components, low cost motorized stage and camera modules to facilitate slide scanning and digital image acquisition. It incorporates a novel computational approach to generate good quality in-focus images, without the need for employing high-end precision translational stages, thereby reducing the overall system cost. The process of slide analysis for result generation is further automated by using image analysis and classification algorithms. The application of the developed platform in automating slide based quantitative detection of malaria is reported in this thesis. The second aspect of the thesis addresses the automation of slide preparation. A major factor that could influence the analysis results is the quality of the prepared smears. The feasibility of automating and standardizing the process of slide preparation using Microfluidics with appropriate surface fictionalization is explored and is demonstrated in the context of automated semen analysis. As an alternative to the mechanism of fixing the spermatozoa to the glass slide by smearing and chemical treatment with fixative, microfluidic chips pre-coated with adhesive protein are employed to capture and immobilize the cells. The subsequent histochemical staining is achieved by pumping the stains through the microfluidic device. The proof-of-principle experiments performed in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of the developed system to provide an end-to-end cost-effective alternative solution to conventional MTs. This can further serve as an assistive tool for the pathologist or in some cases completely eliminate the manual intervention required in MTs enabling repeatability and reliability in diagnosis for clinical decision making

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46

Swetha, M. "Automation of Microscopic Tests for Cyto-diagnostics Using Custom-built Slide Scanner." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/2717.

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Abstract:

Optical microscopy is the simplest and the gold standard method adopted for the screening and subsequent diagnosis of various hematological and infectious diseases like malaria, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis etc. In addition to infectious disease diagnosis, its applications range from routine blood tests to the more sophisticated cancer biopsy sample analysis. Microscopy Tests (MTs) follow a common procedural workflow: (1) A technician prepares a smear of the given sample on a glass slide in a specific manner depending on the sample and the disease to be diagnosed; (2) The smeared slide is subsequently exposed to fixative agents and different histochemical stains specific to the diagnosis to be performed and (3) the prepared slide is then observed under a high quality bright- field bench-top microscope. An expert pathologist/cytologist is required to manually examine multiple fields-of-views of the prepared slide under appropriate magnification. Multiple re-adjustments in the focus and magnification makes the process of microscopic examination time consuming and tedious. Further, the manual intervention required in all the aforementioned steps involved in a typical MT, makes it inaccessible to rural/resource limited conditions and restricts the diagnostics to be performed by trained personnel in laboratory settings. To overcome these limitations, there has been considerable research interest in developing cost-effective systems that help in automating MTs. The work done in this thesis addresses these issues and proposes a two-step solution to the problem of affordable automation of MTs for cellular imaging and subsequent diagnostic assessment. The first step deals with the development of a low cost portable system that employs custom-built microscopy setup using o -the-shelf optical components, low cost motorized stage and camera modules to facilitate slide scanning and digital image acquisition. It incorporates a novel computational approach to generate good quality in-focus images, without the need for employing high-end precision translational stages, thereby reducing the overall system cost. The process of slide analysis for result generation is further automated by using image analysis and classification algorithms. The application of the developed platform in automating slide based quantitative detection of malaria is reported in this thesis. The second aspect of the thesis addresses the automation of slide preparation. A major factor that could influence the analysis results is the quality of the prepared smears. The feasibility of automating and standardizing the process of slide preparation using Microfluidics with appropriate surface fictionalization is explored and is demonstrated in the context of automated semen analysis. As an alternative to the mechanism of fixing the spermatozoa to the glass slide by smearing and chemical treatment with fixative, microfluidic chips pre-coated with adhesive protein are employed to capture and immobilize the cells. The subsequent histochemical staining is achieved by pumping the stains through the microfluidic device. The proof-of-principle experiments performed in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of the developed system to provide an end-to-end cost-effective alternative solution to conventional MTs. This can further serve as an assistive tool for the pathologist or in some cases completely eliminate the manual intervention required in MTs enabling repeatability and reliability in diagnosis for clinical decision making

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47

Hlophe, Thabo Trevor. "Factors associated with cervical cancer among women of reproductive age group in Swaziland." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25579.

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The study is informed by inadequate information on factors associated with the prevalence, incidence and mortality of cervical cancer cytological abnormalities in Swaziland. The aim of the study was to explore and describe factors associated with cervical cancer among women of reproductive age between 15 and 49 years in Swaziland. Quantitative descriptive design with a data extraction tool was used to retrospectively generate observational data from 1748 patients’ records in Mbabane Government Hospital from January 2014 through to December 2014. Bivariate logistic regression was used to establish relationship between cervical cancer and each explanatory variable. The overall prevalence of cervical cytology test results was 24.9%. The combination of marital status, HIV status, ART status, age at sexual debut have been identified as factors associated with cervical abnormalities. Most importantly, the results will also serve as evidence for the development of a national cervical cancer screening policy and also strengthening the cancer registry in Swaziland.
Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cytodiagnosis'

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