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Journal articles on the topic 'Cytokinesis Genetic aspects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Soyano, Takashi, Masaki Ishikawa, Ryuichi Nishihama, Satoshi Araki, Mayumi Ito, Masaki Ito, and Yasunori Machida. "Control of plant cytokinesis by an NPK1–mediated mitogen–activated protein kinase cascade." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1422 (June 29, 2002): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1094.

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Cytokinesis is the last essential step in the distribution of genetic information to daughter cells and partition of the cytoplasm. In plant cells, various proteins have been found in the phragmoplast, which corresponds to the cytokinetic apparatus, and in the cell plate, which corresponds to a new cross wall, but our understanding of the functions of these proteins in cytokinesis remains incomplete. Reverse genetic analysis of NPK1 MAPKKK (nucleus– and phragmoplast–localized protein kinase 1 mitogen–activated protein kinase kinase kinase) and investigations of factors that might be functional

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Guertin, David A., Susanne Trautmann, and Dannel McCollum. "Cytokinesis in Eukaryotes." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 66, no. 2 (June 2002): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.66.2.155-178.2002.

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SUMMARY Cytokinesis is the final event of the cell division cycle, and its completion results in irreversible partition of a mother cell into two daughter cells. Cytokinesis was one of the first cell cycle events observed by simple cell biological techniques; however, molecular characterization of cytokinesis has been slowed by its particular resistance to in vitro biochemical approaches. In recent years, the use of genetic model organisms has greatly advanced our molecular understanding of cytokinesis. While the outcome of cytokinesis is conserved in all dividing organisms, the mechanism of d

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Neto, Hélia, Louise L. Collins, and Gwyn W. Gould. "Vesicle trafficking and membrane remodelling in cytokinesis." Biochemical Journal 437, no. 1 (June 14, 2011): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110153.

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All cells complete cell division by the process of cytokinesis. At the end of mitosis, eukaryotic cells accurately mark the site of division between the replicated genetic material and assemble a contractile ring comprised of myosin II, actin filaments and other proteins, which is attached to the plasma membrane. The myosin–actin interaction drives constriction of the contractile ring, forming a cleavage furrow (the so-called ‘purse-string’ model of cytokinesis). After furrowing is completed, the cells remain attached by a thin cytoplasmic bridge, filled with two anti-parallel arrays of microt

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4

O'Connell, Kevin F., Charles M. Leys, and John G. White. "A Genetic Screen for Temperature-Sensitive Cell-Division Mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 149, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 1303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.3.1303.

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Abstract A novel screen to isolate conditional cell-division mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans has been developed. The screen is based on the phenotypes associated with existing cell-division mutations: some disrupt postembryonic divisions and affect formation of the gonad and ventral nerve cord—resulting in sterile, uncoordinated animals—while others affect embryonic divisions and result in lethality. We obtained 19 conditional mutants that displayed these phenotypes when shifted to the restrictive temperature at the appropriate developmental stage. Eighteen of these mutations have been mappe

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Ralston, Katherine S., Alana G. Lerner, Dennis R. Diener, and Kent L. Hill. "Flagellar Motility Contributes to Cytokinesis in Trypanosoma brucei and Is Modulated by an Evolutionarily Conserved Dynein Regulatory System." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 4 (April 2006): 696–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.5.4.696-711.2006.

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ABSTRACT The flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei is a multifunctional organelle with critical roles in motility and other aspects of the trypanosome life cycle. Trypanin is a flagellar protein required for directional cell motility, but its molecular function is unknown. Recently, a trypanin homologue in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was reported to be part of a dynein regulatory complex (DRC) that transmits regulatory signals from central pair microtubules and radial spokes to axonemal dynein. DRC genes were identified as extragenic suppressors of central pair and/or radial spoke mutations. We used R

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Smith, Gregory R., Scott A. Givan, Paul Cullen, and George F. Sprague. "GTPase-Activating Proteins for Cdc42." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 3 (June 2002): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.3.469-480.2002.

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ABSTRACT The Rho-type GTPase, Cdc42, has been implicated in a variety of functions in the yeast life cycle, including septin organization for cytokinesis, pheromone response, and haploid invasive growth. A group of proteins called GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) catalyze the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, thereby inactivating Cdc42. At the time this study began, there was one known GAP, Bem3, and one putative GAP, Rga1, for Cdc42. We identified another putative GAP for Cdc42 and named it Rga2 (Rho GTPase-activating protein 2). We confirmed by genetic and biochemical criteria that Rga1, Rga2, and

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Hanaei, Sara, Sina Abdollahzade, Alireza Khoshnevisan, Christopher K. Kepler, and Nima Rezaei. "Genetic aspects of intervertebral disc degeneration." Reviews in the Neurosciences 26, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 581–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2014-0077.

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AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the common causes of low back pain. Similar to many other multifactorial diseases, it is affected by environmental and genetic factors. Although not completely understood, genetic factors include a wide spectrum of variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, which could play a significant role in the etiology of this disease. Besides, the interactions with environmental factors could make the role of genetic factors more complicated. Genetic variations in disc components could participate in developing degenerative disc disease

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8

Hold, Georgina L., and M. Emad El-Omar. "Genetic aspects of inflammation and cancer." Biochemical Journal 410, no. 2 (February 12, 2008): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20071341.

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Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of most common cancers. The aetiology of the inflammation is varied and includes microbial, chemical and physical agents. The chronically inflamed milieu is awash with pro-inflammatory cytokines and is characterized by the activation of signalling pathways that cross-talk between inflammation and carcinogenesis. Many of the factors involved in chronic inflammation play a dual role in the process, promoting neoplastic progression but also facilitating cancer prevention. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular inflammatory

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9

Bellini, Marilanda Ferreira, Rosana Silistino-Souza, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira, and Ana Elizabete Silva. "Biologic and Genetics Aspects of Chagas Disease at Endemic Areas." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/357948.

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The etiologic agent of Chagas Disease is theTrypanosoma cruzi, transmitted through blood-sucking insect vectors of the Triatominae subfamily, representing one of the most serious public health concerns in Latin America. There are geographic variations in the prevalence of clinical forms and morbidity of Chagas disease, likely due to genetic variation of theT. cruziand the host genetic and environmental features. Increasing evidence has supported that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are responsible for the generation of the inflammatory infiltrate and tissue damage. Moreover, genetic poly

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Drutskaya, M. S., E. O. Gubernatorova, E. A. Gorshkova, K. S. N. Athertkhany, M. A. Nosenko, V. S. Gogoleva, O. A. Namakanova, R. V. Zvartsev, A. A. Kruglov, and S. A. Nedospasov. "Cytokines, reverse genetics and anti-cytokine therapy." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 18, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2019-1-38-48.

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Cytokines comprise the molecular language of communication between the cells, which is needed to maintain the homeostatic functions of the body (including the immune system) and mediate various diseases. Many aspects of inflammation, autoimmune diseases and neoplasia are associated with cytokine signaling through specific receptors. The establishment of new physiological functions of “old” cytokines and understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of their involvement in disease pathogenesis, as well as the search for new therapeutic targets and development of innovative approaches to a

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Cerabona, Donna, Zahi Abdul Sater, Elizabeth Sierra Potchanant, Ying He, Zejin Sun, and Grzegorz Nalepa. "Impaired Spindle Assembly Checkpoint In Vivo Promotes MDS/AML in a Novel Mouse Model of Fanconi Anemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1211.1211.

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Abstract The Fanconi anemia (FA/BRCA) signaling network prevents bone marrow failure and cancer by protecting genomic integrity. Biallelic germline mutations within this gene network result in Fanconi anemia, an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by genomic instability and a predisposition to bone marrow failure, myelodysplasia and cancer, particularly acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Heterozygous inborn mutations in the BRCA branch of FA network increase risk of breast and ovarian cancers as well as other tumors, and somatic mutations of FA/BRCA genes occur in malignancies

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Wesserlking, Martyna. "Role of genetic aspect in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis." Folia Biologica et Oecologica 9 (December 31, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fobio-2013-0005.

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The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is a very complicated process that involves an intricate array of molecules. Nowadays it is generally accepted that cytokines play an important role in the progression of the clinical presentation of atopic dermatitis. However, emerging data point to the possible involvement of cornified envelope proteins in the development of skin barrier dysfunction and illness. Unfortunately, our knowledge on relation of particular genotype to progression of AD is very limited. Therefore, intensive studies are needed to increase our understanding of genetic backgro

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Hartwell, Leland H., and David Smith. "ALTERED FIDELITY OF MITOTIC CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION IN CELL CYCLE MUTANTS OF S. CEREVISIAE." Genetics 110, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/110.3.381.

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ABSTRACT Thirteen of 14 temperature-sensitive mutants deficient in successive steps of mitotic chromosome transmission (cdc2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 20) from spindle pole body separation to a late stage of nuclear division exhibited a dramatic increase in the frequency of chromosome loss and/or mitotic recombination when they were grown at their maximum permissive temperatures. The increase in chromosome loss and/or recombination is likely to be due to the deficiency of functional gene product rather than to an aberrant function of the mutant gene product since the mutant all

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Bocheva, Georgeta St, Radomir M. Slominski, and Andrzej T. Slominski. "Immunological Aspects of Skin Aging in Atopic Dermatitis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 5729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115729.

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The cutaneous immune response is important for the regulation of skin aging well as for the development of immune-mediated skin diseases. Aging of the human skin undergoes immunosenescence with immunological alterations and can be affected by environmental stressors and internal factors, thus leading to various epidermal barrier abnormalities. The dysfunctional epidermal barrier, immune dysregulation, and skin dysbiosis in the advanced age, together with the genetic factors, facilitate the late onset of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the elderly, whose cases have recently been on the rise. Controve

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Zulkarneev, Shamil R., Rustem H. Zulkarneev, Gulnaz Faritovna Korytina, Irshat A. Gibadullin, Arthur M. Avzaletdinov, Zhihui Niu, Jiayu Guo, Yulia Genadievna Aznabaeva, Guzel M. Nurtdinova, and Naufal Shamilevich Zagidullin. "Genetic and non-genetic risk factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A review." Global Translational Medicine 1, no. 2 (September 26, 2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/gtm.v1i2.107.

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of fibrosis of internal organs. The etiology and pathogenesis of IPF are still not well understood. However, a growing line of evidence shows that both genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to IPF development. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines activates the immune cells. The enhanced synthesis of interleukins and cytokines, especially transforming growth factor β1 leads to the proliferation of fibroblasts, increased extracellular matrix formation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of the lung tissue. These patholo

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Baseri, Milad, Faraz Radmand, Reyhaneh Hamedi, Mehdi Yousefi, and Hossein Samadi Kafil. "Immunological Aspects of Dental Implant Rejection." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 9, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7279509.

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Nowadays, dental implants are a prominent therapeutic approach among dentists for replacing missing teeth. Failure in dental implants is a severe challenge recently. The factors which lead to dental implant failure are known. These factors can be categorized into different groups. In this article, we discussed the immunological aspects of implant failure as one of these groups. Cytokines and immune cells have extensive and various functions in peri-implantitis. The equilibrium between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cells, which involve in this orchestra, has a crucial role in implant

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Al Hadra, Bushra N. "Some of the Immunogenetics Aspects of Aging." Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2021-0003.

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Summary The human life span could be influenced by the combined effect of environment, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Twin and family studies suggest that our genes control up to 25% of the lifespan. The aging immune system undergoes age-associated changes at multiple levels, resulting in a gradual loss of its ability to protect the organism against infections, low vaccine responses, and an increased probability of developing autoimmune diseases and malignancies. The highly polymorphic HLA complex is one of the major gene candidates associated with aging due to its crucial role in developing

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Liu, J., H. Wang, and M. K. Balasubramanian. "A checkpoint that monitors cytokinesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 7 (April 1, 2000): 1223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.7.1223.

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Cell division in Schizosaccharomyces pombe is achieved through the use of a medially positioned actomyosin ring. A division septum is formed centripetally, concomitant with actomyosin ring constriction. Genetic screens have identified mutations in a number of genes that affect actomyosin ring or septum assembly. These cytokinesis-defective mutants, however, undergo multiple S and M phases and die as elongated cells with multiple nuclei. Recently, we have shown that a mutant allele of the S. pombe drc1(+)/cps1(+) gene, which encodes a 1,3-(beta)-glucan synthase subunit, is defective in cytokine

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Vozianova, S. V., L. A. Bolotna, and O. I. Sarian. "Women’s hair loss: pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects." Reproductive health of woman, no. 5 (October 7, 2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2708-8731.5.2022.265471.

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The article presents a review of modern ukrainian and foreign publications on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnostics of female pattern hair loss (FPHL), which is a common type of hair loss and its frequency increases with age. The questions of terminology, disease prevalence, and risk factors of hair loss are considered. It is emphasized that FPHL is a clinical problem and that it is advisable to clarify the comorbid profile of female patients and to screen for metabolic disorders. There is still no complete understanding of the pathophysiology of FPHL. There is evidence tha

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Baronio, Manuela, Hajra Sadia, Stefano Paolacci, Domenico Prestamburgo, Danilo Miotti, Vittorio A. Guardamagna, Giuseppe Natalini, Stephanie G. B. Sullivan, and Matteo Bertelli. "Molecular Aspects of Regional Pain Syndrome." Pain Research and Management 2020 (April 11, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7697214.

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The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), the underlying molecular mechanisms, and potential treatment options for its management. CRPS is a multifactorial pain condition. CRPS is characterized by prolonged or excessive pain and changes in skin color and temperature, and/or swelling in the affected area, and is generally caused by stimuli that lead to tissue damage. An inflammatory response involving various cytokines and autoantibodies is generated in response to acute trauma/stress. Chronic phase pathophysiology is more complex,

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Manickan, E., R. J. Rouse, Z. Yu, W. S. Wire, and B. T. Rouse. "Genetic immunization against herpes simplex virus. Protection is mediated by CD4+ T lymphocytes." Journal of Immunology 155, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.155.1.259.

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Abstract Plasmid DNA encoding proteins represent a convenient novel approach to vaccination. We have investigated this "genetic immunization" approach as a means to protect against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection using a mouse zosteriform model that mimics several aspects of reactivated HSV infection of humans. After i.m. immunization with plasmid DNA-encoding glycoprotein B (gB), (pc-gB), 80% of BALB/c mice were completely protected and lesions were delayed in the remaining animals. Upon pc-gB vaccination, the animals developed both gB- and HSV-specific IgG Ab response and the isotype ex

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Genovesi, Simonetta, and Gianfranco Parati. "Cardiovascular Risk in Children: Focus on Pathophysiological Aspects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 6612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186612.

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Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death, disability, and health care costs in industrialized countries. In general, cardiovascular diseases occur in adulthood, but cardiovascular damage, including stiffening of the arteries, begins very early. Already in the first decade of life, alterations that will favor the formation of atherosclerotic plaques may be present. Cardiovascular risk factors, associated with genetic predisposition, may trigger a sequence of pathophysiological changes which are associated with the progression of the atherosclerosis process. In this frame, the role

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Nagy, György, Peter C. Huszthy, Even Fossum, Yrjö Konttinen, Britt Nakken, and Peter Szodoray. "Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases." Mediators of Inflammation 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/351732.

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Autoimmune processes can be found in physiological circumstances. However, they are quenched with properly functioning regulatory mechanisms and do not evolve into full-blown autoimmune diseases. Once developed, autoimmune diseases are characterized by signature clinical features, accompanied by sustained cellular and/or humoral immunological abnormalities. Genetic, environmental, and hormonal defects, as well as a quantitative and qualitative impairment of immunoregulatory functions, have been shown in parallel to the relative dominance of proinflammatory Th17 cells in many of these diseases.

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Garlepp, MJ, and CC Leong. "Biological and immunological aspects of malignant mesothelioma." European Respiratory Journal 8, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.95.08040643.

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Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumour, which is strongly associated with previous asbestos exposure and is resistant to all conventional anticancer therapies. An understanding of the biological properties of MM may provide insights into useful therapeutic strategies, and MM cell lines and animal models have been major contributors to our current knowledge of this tumour. Although karyotypic abnormalities are frequent, there is no clear evidence of a mesothelioma-specific chromosomal aberration. Similarly, there is no evidence of activation or over-expression of a known oncogene,

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Arganova, О. N., та N. G. Kosheleva. "Etiо pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion". Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 53, № 1 (14 січня 2004): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd87126.

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One studied immunologic and genetic aspects of spontaneous abortion and the placenta insufficiency role in this pathology. It was determined, that increasing the production of cytokines by placenta's macrophages through something leads to increasing the reduced myometrium activity. Under cariotyping husbands and wives had spontaneous abortions on early terms it was found various genic and endocrine disturbtions. Modern topic diagnostics and algorithm of pregnancy observation with consideration of spontaneous abortion etiopathogenesis, treatment and placenta insufficiency prophylactics have per

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Cho, Chul-Hyun, Kwang-Soon Song, Beom-Soo Kim, Du Hwan Kim, and Yun-Mee Lho. "Biological Aspect of Pathophysiology for Frozen Shoulder." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7274517.

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It is fairly well understood that frozen shoulder involves several stages, which reflect the series of process from capsular inflammation and fibrosis to spontaneous resolution of this fibrosis. However, the underlying pathophysiologic process remains poorly determined. For this reason, management of frozen shoulder remains controversial. Determining the pathophysiological processes of frozen shoulder is a pivotal milestone in the development of novel treatment for patients with frozen shoulder. This article reviews what is known to date about the biological pathophysiology of frozen shoulder.

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Giacomini, Elisa, Sabrina Minetto, Letizia Li Piani, Luca Pagliardini, Edgardo Somigliana, and Paola Viganò. "Genetics and Inflammation in Endometriosis: Improving Knowledge for Development of New Pharmacological Strategies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 21, 2021): 9033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22169033.

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According to a rich body of literature, immune cell dysfunctions, both locally and systemically, and an inflammatory environment characterize all forms of endometriosis. Alterations in transcripts and proteins involved in the recruitment of immune cells, in the interaction between cytokines and their receptors, cellular adhesion and apoptosis have been demonstrated in endometriotic lesions. The objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the components and mechanisms at the intersection between inflammation and genetics that may constitute vanguard therapeutic approaches in

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Skroza, Nevena, Ilaria Proietti, Riccardo Pampena, Giorgio La Viola, Nicoletta Bernardini, Francesca Nicolucci, Ersilia Tolino, Sara Zuber, Valentina Soccodato, and Concetta Potenza. "Correlations between Psoriasis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/983902.

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For a long time the relationship between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and psoriasis has been investigated by epidemiological studies. It is only starting from the 1990s that genetic and immunological aspects have been focused on. Psoriasis and IBD are strictly related inflammatory diseases. Skin and bowel represent, at the same time, barrier and connection between the inner and the outer sides of the body. The most important genetic correlations involve the chromosomal loci 6p22, 16q, 1p31, and 5q33 which map several genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity. The genetic background

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Kondo, Yasuteru, Yoshiyuki Ueno, and Tooru Shimosegawa. "Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT." Hepatitis Research and Treatment 2011 (June 14, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/713216.

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Patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection who have persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels (PNALT) have mild inflammation and fibrosis in comparison to those with elevated ALT levels. The cellular immune responses to HCV are mainly responsible for viral clearance and the disease pathogenesis during infection. However, since the innate and adaptive immune systems are suppressed by various kinds of mechanisms in CHC patients, the immunopathogenesis of CHC patients with PNALT is still unclear. In this review, we summarize the representative reports about the immune suppr

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Darmadi, Darmadi, and Riska Habriel Ruslie. "Immunological Aspect in Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, F (December 6, 2021): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7733.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation in the alimentary tract due to improper immune response toward external and internal antigens. The disease consists of 2 entities: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The disease’s prevalence is increasing worldwide due to westernization and industrialization. Europe still holds the highest prevalence of IBD in the world. There are 2 peaks of disease incidence. The first is in the third decade of life and the second is in the fourth decade. Slight male predominance is observed in IBD. Internal and external risk factors pl

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Tripathy, Manas K., Renu Deswal, and Sudhir K. Sopory. "Plant RABs: Role in Development and in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses." Current Genomics 22, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202922666210114102743.

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Endosomal trafficking plays an integral role in various eukaryotic cellular activities and is vital for higher-order functions in multicellular organisms. RAB GTPases are important proteins that influence various aspects of membrane traffic, which consequently influence many cellular functions and responses. Compared to yeast and mammals, plants have evolved a unique set of plant-specific RABs that play a significant role in their development. RABs form the largest family of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins, and are divided into eight sub-families named RAB1, RAB2, RAB5, RAB

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Stanciu, Silviu, Florentina Ionita-Radu, Constantin Stefani, Daniela Miricescu, Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu, Maria Greabu, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, and Mariana Jinga. "Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer: From Molecular to Clinical Aspects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (September 4, 2022): 10132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710132.

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Although pancreatic cancer (PC) was considered in the past an orphan cancer type due to its low incidence, it may become in the future one of the leading causes of cancer death. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent type of PC, being a highly aggressive malignancy and having a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Non-modifiable (family history, age, genetic susceptibility) and modifiable (smoking, alcohol, acute and chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, intestinal microbiota) risk factors are involved in PC pathogenesis. Chronic inflammation induced by various facto

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Buquicchio, Rosalba, Caterina Foti, and Maria Teresa Ventura. "The Psoriasis Pathogenesis and the Metabolic Risk." Open Dermatology Journal 12, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874372201812010070.

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Summary Psoriasis is a multifactorial disease that can be related to genetic, environmental and immunological causes. Therefore, not only a single factor but different aspects contribute to the onset of the disease, varying from individual to individual. It would be characterized by an abnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, mediated by a dysregulation in the auto-immune T cell response in which several cytokines participate, including Interleukin (IL)-17, IL-17A, IL-12, IL-22, IL-23. These cells and cytokines are responsible for the aggression on skin cells, inflammation

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El-Abaseri, Taghrid Bahig, Brianna Hammiller, Susan K. Repertinger, and Laura A. Hansen. "The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Increases Cytokine Production and Cutaneous Inflammation in Response to Ultraviolet Irradiation." ISRN Dermatology 2013 (June 25, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/848705.

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The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is activated in cutaneous keratinocytes upon ultraviolet (UV) exposure and has been implicated in ultraviolet-(UV-)induced inflammation and skin tumorigenesis. Egfr mutant mice and EGFR inhibitors were used to investigate the hypothesis that EGFR activation augments inflammation following UV irradiation. Topical treatment of mouse skin with the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 before UV exposure suppressed UV-induced erythema, edema, mast cell infiltration, and neutrophil infiltration. Genetic ablation of Egfr and EGFR inhibition by AG1478 also suppressed the i

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Tu-Rapp, Hoang, Liying Pu, Andreia Marques, Christoph Kulisch, Xinhua Yu, Philip Gierer, Saleh M. Ibrahim, and Brigitte Vollmar. "Genetic control of leucocyte—endothelial cell interaction in collagen-induced arthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 69, no. 3 (March 2010): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2009.100636.

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ObjectiveDespite considerable work on defining disease pathways, several aspects of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) remain poorly defined, in particular those contributing to the initiation phase of the disease. It is thought that in CIA the activation of circulating leucocytes, their interaction with the endothelial lining followed by subsequent transendothelial migration and infiltration into tissue represents the first and determining step in a complex sequence of processes mediating tissue injury. In this study we attempted to define the genetic basis of this stage of disease using geneti

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Takahara, Miki, Takumi Kumai, Kan Kishibe, Toshihiro Nagato, and Yasuaki Harabuchi. "Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: Genetic, Biologic, and Clinical Aspects with a Central Focus on Epstein–Barr Virus Relation." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071381.

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Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL-NT) has some salient aspects. The lymphoma is commonly seen in Eastern Asia, has progressive necrotic lesions in the nasal cavity, makes midfacial destructive lesions, and shows poor prognosis. The lymphoma cell is originated from either NK- or γδ T-cells, which express CD56. Since the authors first demonstrated the existence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA and EBV oncogenic proteins in lymphoma cells, ENKTL-NT has been recognized as an EBV-associated malignancy. Because the angiocentric and polymorphous lymphoma cells are mixed with inflammator

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Kim, Jae-Hong, Md Habibur Rahman, Donghwi Park, Myungjin Jo, Hyung-Jun Kim, and Kyoungho Suk. "Identification of Genetic Modifiers of TDP-43: Inflammatory Activation of Astrocytes for Neuroinflammation." Cells 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030676.

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Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a ubiquitously expressed DNA/RNA-binding protein linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). TDP-43 has been implicated in numerous aspects of the mRNA life cycle, as well as in cell toxicity and neuroinflammation. In this study, we used the toxicity of the TDP-43 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an assay to identify TDP-43 genetic interactions. Specifically, we transformed human TDP-43 cDNAs of wild-type or disease-associated mutants (M337V and Q331K) en masse into 4653 homozygous diploid yea

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Jahan, Shah, Romeeza Tahir, Faheem Shahzad, Khursheed Javed, Muhammad Kashif, and Nadeem Afzal. "Immunological Basis of COVID-19." BioMedica 36, no. 2S (June 24, 2020): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51441/biomedica//biomedica/5-449.

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<p>Currently major challenge for scientists is to cope with Coronavirus infection that alters host immune response in different ways. There is variability in immune response in diverse populations against this infection and particularly immunity of a certain population against SARS-CoV-2is not clear. Many factors such as viral and host genetics that play crucial in this infection but immunological aspects are more important in infection and disease progression. Its different patterns of spread and severity needs timely focus to design strategies against this disease. This review sums up

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Durmaz, Ceyda, and Berrin Erdag. "Overview of current approaches in cancer immunotherapy and personalized opportunities for future aspect." Genetics & Applications 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31383/ga.vol6iss2ga01.

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Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by a rapid and uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the body after undergoing a series of structural variations. Non-specific methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are used widely in cancer treatment. Recently, there is a special focus on specific methods such as immunotherapy that targets certain parts of the patient’s immune system. New treatment options are needed in this respect because nonspecific methods are insufficient in curing the disease, do not increase patient's survival, and healthy cells are damaged as well a

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Rabiah, N. A. Al, A. C. O. Evans, J. McCormack, J. A. Browne, P. Lonergan, and T. Fair. "6 Immunological aspects of ovarian follicle ovulation and corpus luteum formation in cattle." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab6.

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Ovarian follicle ovulation and subsequent luteinization have been described as a controlled inflammatory event, comprising tissue damage and repair. To elaborate this further in cattle, the contribution of immune cells to dominant follicle luteinization, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation was investigated. Ovulation in beef heifers was synchronized using an 8-day progesterone-based synchronization program. Heifers were slaughtered at a local abattoir at 5 timepoints (T): (T1) 24h before ovulation (n=10); (T2) 2h before ovulation (n=9); (T3) 6h after ovulation (n=10); (T4) 24h after ovulati

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Rabiah, N. A. Al, A. C. O. Evans, J. McCormack, J. A. Browne, P. Lonergan, and T. Fair. "6 Immunological aspects of ovarian follicle ovulation and corpus luteum formation in cattle." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab6.

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Ovarian follicle ovulation and subsequent luteinization have been described as a controlled inflammatory event, comprising tissue damage and repair. To elaborate this further in cattle, the contribution of immune cells to dominant follicle luteinization, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation was investigated. Ovulation in beef heifers was synchronized using an 8-day progesterone-based synchronization program. Heifers were slaughtered at a local abattoir at 5 timepoints (T): (T1) 24h before ovulation (n=10); (T2) 2h before ovulation (n=9); (T3) 6h after ovulation (n=10); (T4) 24h after ovulati

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Vaughan, Sue, and Keith Gull. "The structural mechanics of cell division in Trypanosoma brucei." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 3 (May 21, 2008): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0360421.

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Undoubtedly, there are fundamental processes driving the structural mechanics of cell division in eukaryotic organisms that have been conserved throughout evolution and are being revealed by studies on organisms such as yeast and mammalian cells. Precision of structural mechanics of cytokinesis is however probably no better illustrated than in the protozoa. A dramatic example of this is the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, a unicellular flagellated parasite that causes a devastating disease (African sleeping sickness) across Sub-Saharan Africa in both man and animals. As trypanosomes mig

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Egresi, Anna, Gabriella Lengyel, Anikó Somogyi, Anna Blázovics, and Krisztina Hagymási. "Az idült májbetegségek progressziójához vezető folyamatok." Orvosi Hetilap 157, no. 8 (February 2016): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2015.30377.

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As the result of various effects (viruses, metabolic diseases, nutritional factors, toxic agents, autoimmune processes) abnormal liver function, liver steatosis and connective tissue remodeling may develop. Progression of this process is complex including various pathways and a number of factors. The authors summarize the factors involved in the progression of chronic liver disease. They describe the role of cells and the produced inflammatory mediators and cytokines, as well as the relationship between the disease and the intestinal flora. They emphasize the role of oxidative stress, mitochon

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Avdeeva, A. S. "Inflammatory markers in rheumatic diseases." Rheumatology Science and Practice 60, no. 6 (December 25, 2022): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47360/1995-4484-2022-561-569.

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Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs) are a broad group of pathological conditions based on impaired immunological tolerance to one’s own tissues leading to inflammation and irreversible organ damage. Laboratory diagnosis of IMRDs includes a wide range of biomarkers (autoantibodies, acute phase proteins, cytokines, markers of endothelial damage, components of the complement system, immunoglobulins, cryoglobulins, lymphocyte subpopulations, indicators of bone metabolism, apoptosis markers, genetic markers, etc). One of the leading aspects of laboratory diagnosis of IMRDs is the study of th

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Sanap, Jayshree B., Anil V. Chandewar, Nitin Kochar, and Shatrughna Uttam Nagrik. "The Potentials of Herbal Plant against the Psoriasis." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i1.5903.

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Chronic autoimmune skin disease termed psoriasis is characterised by excessive keratinocyte multiplication, scaly plaques, severe inflammation, and erythema. T lymphocytes, leukocytes, vascular endothelium, and epidermal keratinocytes also contribute in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Increased leukocyte recruitment and increased levels of cytokines, growth factors, and genetic factors like interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN), transforming growth factor (TGF), toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, signal transducer and activator of transcription (

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Di Donato, Giulia, Debora Mariarita d’Angelo, Luciana Breda, and Francesco Chiarelli. "Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases: State of the Art and Future Perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 6360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126360.

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Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are a heterogeneous family of disorders characterized by a dysregulation of the innate immune system, in which sterile inflammation primarily develops through antigen-independent hyperactivation of immune pathways. In most cases, they have a strong genetic background, with mutations in single genes involved in inflammation. Therefore, they can derive from different pathogenic mechanisms at any level, such as dysregulated inflammasome-mediated production of cytokines, intracellular stress, defective regulatory pathways, altered protein folding, enhanced NF-kap

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Wright, Eric G. "Commentary on radiation-induced bystander effects." Human & Experimental Toxicology 23, no. 2 (February 2004): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327104ht424oa.

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The paradigm of genetic alterations being restricted to direct DNA damage after exposure to ionizing radiation has been challenged by observations in which effects of ionizing radiation arise in cells that in themselves receive no radiation exposure. These effects are demonstrated in cells that are the descendants of irradiated cells (radiation-induced genomic instability) or in cells that are in contact with irradiated cells or receive certain signals from irradiated cells (radiation-induced bystander effects). Bystander signals may be transmitted either by direct intercellular communication

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Novikova, A. V., N. G. Pravdyuk, and N. A. Shostak. "Cellular and molecular aspects of degenerative disc disease and potential strategies of biological therapy." Clinician 14, no. 1-2 (May 8, 2020): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8338-2020-14-1-2-42-54.

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Back pain is one of the main global health problems with a high level of prevalence and patients’ disability. In most cases, it is associated with degenerative spine damage (degenerative disc disease), dorsopathy, discopathy (M51 and M53 according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision), affecting all levels of the intervertebral disc (IVD) (cytological, chemical and biochemical) as a whole as well as biological molecules that regulate homeostasis of the disc intercellular substance (growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, enzymes). A key point in IVD dehydration is

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Budnevsky, Andrey V., Evgeniy S. Ovsyannikov, Victoria V. Shishkina, Dmitry I. Esaulenko, Bogdan R. Shumilovich, Inessa A. Savushkina, and Nadezhda G. Alekseeva. "Possible Unexplored Aspects of Covid-19 Pathogenesis: The Role of Carboxypeptidase A3." International Journal of Biomedicine 12, no. 2 (June 5, 2022): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/article12(2)_ra1.

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). First reported in 2019, it has already caused more than 500 million cases worldwide. The problem of COVID-19 treatment is still relevant, and it is necessary to study in detail the pathogenesis of COVID-19, including the involvement of different immune cells and their mediators. There is increasing evidence of the important role of mast cells (MCs) and their specific protease carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. MCs chymase and t

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Dudek, Michal, Nan Yang, Jayalath PD Ruckshanthi, Jack Williams, Elzbieta Borysiewicz, Ping Wang, Antony Adamson, et al. "The intervertebral disc contains intrinsic circadian clocks that are regulated by age and cytokines and linked to degeneration." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 76, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209428.

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ObjectivesThe circadian clocks are internal timing mechanisms that drive ∼24-hour rhythms in a tissue-specific manner. Many aspects of the physiology of the intervertebral disc (IVD) show clear diurnal rhythms. However, it is unknown whether IVD tissue contains functional circadian clocks and if so, how their dysregulation is implicated in IVD degeneration.MethodsClock gene dynamics in ex vivo IVD explants (from PER2:: luciferase (LUC) reporter mice) and human disc cells (transduced with lentivirus containing Per2::luc reporters) were monitored in real time by bioluminescence photon counting a

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