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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cytoplazma'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Picciolo, Anna Lisa. "Untersuchungen zur Kern-Cytoplasma-Translokation der katalytischen Untereinheit C[alpha] [Calpha] der Proteinkinase A." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969294220.

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2

Reimer, Tatiana. "Cellular localization and function of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase hPar14." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969411618.

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3

Mutz, Diana. "Identifizierung von Bindungspartnern des cytosolischen Teils der [alpha]3-Integrin-Untereinheit [Alpha3-Integrin-Untereinheit] und die Aufklärung ihrer Rolle bei der Funktion des [alpha]3[beta]1-Integrins [Alpha3beta1-Integrins]." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/214/index.html.

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4

Guo, Ming. "Physical Nature of Cytoplasm." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13070065.

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Forces are increasingly recognized as major regulators of cell physiology and function, and the mechanical properties of cells are essential to the mechanisms by which cells sense forces, transmit them to the cell interior or to other cells, and transduce them into chemical signals that impact a spectrum of cellular responses. Furthermore, cells can sense their extracellular environment and regulate their own mechanics and biology. Due to limitation of methodology, the cortical property of cells has been extensively characterized; however, the mechanics and dynamics of cytoplasm which consists all key cellular organelles, remains poorly understood. Moreover, a basic understanding of cell mechanics, such as which parameters correlates with cell stiffness and therefore impact cell biology is unknown. In this thesis, we firstly present a thorough investigation of the mechanical and dynamic properties of the cytoplasm, including direct measurement of cytoplasmic material property using optical tweezers, and visualization of intracellular dynamics by tracer particles. By combining these two measurements we obtain a directly characterization of the cytoplasmic forces; we further apply this method to study cancer cells and cells without vimentin intermediate filament, and find that cancer cells have significantly stronger intracellular forces, which vimentin intermediate filament does not have effect on the force generation. Secondly, we present our result on the role of cell volume in cell mechanics and cell biology. We show that the volume of a cell changes upon the property of the extracellular environment; the change in cell volume directly induces change in the mechanical property of both cytoplasm and cell cortex. We further show that the change in cell volume is due to intracellular water influx/efflux, and this has significant impact on cell biology, such as stem cell differentiation. Finally, we present a direct characterization of the equation of state of living cells by measuring cell volume under increasing osmotic pressure. We show that a living cell, under osmotic compression, behaves as Van der Waals gas with a hard sphere excluded volume; the minimum volume of cells is determined by cellular proteins, which the equation of state of living cells is dominated by intracellular ions.
Engineering and Applied Sciences

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5

Levchenko, Victor. "Studies of CA 2+ -signaling and CL-conductance changes in response to abscisic acid, voltage changes and cold, in the plasma membrane of guard cells." kostenfrei, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45309.

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6

Gharakhani, Jöbin. "Cell Cytoplasm Compartmentalization: Localization Through Gradients." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-108211.

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During embryonic development, precursor germ cells contain aggregates of protein and RNA known as germ granules. These germ granules are important in the specifi- cation of a functioning germ line, i.e. functioning sex cells within mature organisms. In the single cell fertilized embryo of the nematode worm C.elegans, germ granules (referred to as P granules) localize to the posterior side of the cell. After cell division occurs, they are found only in the posterior daughter cell. The localization behav- ior of P granules has been a topic of much interest, and considered an important aspect of symmetry breaking during development. We learn the fundamental prop- erties of P granule localization, and determine possible parameters and features of this biological system by developing theory in close collaboration with experimental evidence. In this study, experimental evidence is presented which shows that P granules are liquid droplets, and that their localization occurs through preferential nucleation and growth behavior on one side of the cell and simultaneous preferential dissolution on the opposite side. It is also shown that this behavior is linked to the concentration gradient of the protein Mex-5 along the anterio-posterior axis of the cell, which is necessary to induce the preferential growth of P granules. From this experimental data, a theoretical model for the preferential growth of P granules is developed, where the localization of P granules occurs by phase separa- tion. That is, P granules separate from the bulk cytoplasm by a process described by a first order liquid-liquid phase transitition, where a liquid droplet granule phase nucleates and then grows out of the bulk liquid cytoplasmic phase. In this model, a spatial gradient is imposed on the saturation point, the boundary point between the single phase state consisting only of the cytoplasm, and a metastable state which includes both a P granule and cytoplasm phase. This gradient mimics the properties of the Mex-5 gradient and is sufficient in explaining P granule localization. Using numerical simulations, the theoretical model is studied. It is found suffi- cient to both successfully describe P granule localizaion, and to describe interesting behavior in a system with assymetric growth due to a spatial gradient. From a purely theoretical standpoint, we observe cyclical non-equilibrium steady states, where material is cycled back and forth along the gradient. From the biological side, experimental properties of the system, such as the diffusion coefficient of P granules and P granule growth rates are determined through both simulation and image analysis of data. In addition, the possiblility of different types of growth behavior at later cell stages, and a method of long range intracellular signalling are suggested from the theoretical model.

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7

Amen, Triana [Verfasser]. "Protein aggregation in the cytoplasm / Triana Amen." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1232492663/34.

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8

Gupta, Satish Kumar S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Mechanics and dynamics of living mammalian cytoplasm." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111758.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-58).
Passive microrheology, a method of calculating the frequency dependent complex moduli of a viscoelastic material has been widely accepted for systems at thermal equilibrium. However, cytoplasm of a living cell operates far from equilibrium and thus, the applicability of passive microrheology in living cells is often questioned. Active microrheology methods have been successfully used to measure mechanics of living cells however, they involve complicated experimentation and are highly invasive as they rely on application of an external force. In the first part of this thesis, we propose a high throughput, non-invasive method of extracting the mechanics of the cytoplasm using the fluctuations of tracer particles. Using experimental and theoretical analysis, we demonstrate that the cytoplasm of a living mammalian cell behaves as an equilibrium material at short time scales. This allows us to extract high frequency mechanics of the cytoplasm using the generalized Stokes-Einstein relationship. The results obtained are in excellent agreement with our independent optical tweezer measurements in this equilibrium regime. Studies often assume cytoplasm as an isotropic material. However, under various physiological processes such as migration, blood flow on endothelial cells, it can undergo morphological changes which can induce significant redistribution of the cytoskeleton. Evidence of induced anisotropy for cells under mechanical stimuli exists however, the role of cytoskeletal restructuring on mechanical anisotropy remains unclear. Moreover, the effect of this restructuring on intracellular dynamics and forces remains elusive. In the second part of this thesis, we confine the cells in different aspect ratio and measure the mechanics of the cytoplasm using optical tweezers in both longitudinal and transverse directions to quantify the degree of mechanical anisotropy. These active microrheology measurements are later combined with independent intracellular motion measurements to calculate the intracellular force spectrum using Force Spectrum Microscopy (FSM); from which the degree of anisotropy in dynamics and forces are quantified.
by Satish Kumar Gupta.
S.M.

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9

Peltenburg, Hendricus Gerardus. "Cumulative enzyme release in liver disease." Maastricht : Maastricht : Datawyse ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5461.

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10

Severin, Jamie Elizabeth. "A little on EDG : the role of the cytoplasmic tail in the function of the LPA₁/Edg2 G protein coupled receptor." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20190.

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11

Knight, David Michael. "Glucocorticoid signalling from the cytoplasm to the gene." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508065.

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12

Nice, Daniel Carl. "Mechanisms of autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole targeting /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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13

Farina, Francesca. "Transport de l'ADN dans le cytoplasme d'une cellule eucaryote." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066283.

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Nous avons étudié le trafic intracellulaire de l’ADN nu dans la cellule eucaryote. Dans ces dernières années, des molécules d’ADN exogène ont été utilisées en thérapie génique et chimiothérapie. À présent nous ne savons pas par quelle voie ces molécules d’ADN atteignent le noyau des cellules. Pour étudier ce phénomène, nous avons utilisé le suivi de molécule unique nous permettant d’observer la dynamique d'une molécule d’ADN nu dans le cytoplasme d’une cellule eucaryote. La molécule choisie comme modèle est le Dbait, un fragment d’ADN double-brin développée à l’Institut Curie comme adjuvant des thérapies anti-tumorales classiques. Les molécules de Dbait ont été modifiées pour ne pas être dégradées dans le cytoplasme et marquées avec des nanoparticules fluorescentes. Nous les avons suivies avec une haute précision spatiale et temporelle dans le cytoplasme des cellules HeLa. Ces expériences nous ont suggéré un mécanisme de transport actif du Dbait le long des filaments du cytosquelette. Nous avons ensuite développé un système in vitro pour mimer le transport du Dbait soit sur des microtubules soit sur des filaments d’actine. Ces expériences ont montré que seul le réseau des microtubules est impliqué dans le transport actif du Dbait. De plus, elles suggèrent la présence d’un ou plusieurs moteurs moléculaires de la famille des kinésines ou des dynéines acteurs du transport du Dbait. Nous avons complété notre travail par une co-purification Dbait-protéines cytoplasmiques pour identifier ces moteurs moléculaires. Nous avons isolé quatre moteurs moléculaires qui ont une affinité pour les molécules de Dbait : la dynéine cytoplasmique et trois moteurs de la famille des kinésines

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14

Moon, Cheol. "Rôle de l'adaptateur 3BP2 SH3BP2 dans l'activation des lymphocytes." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4017.

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Lymphocyte antigen receptor engagement triggers activation of various signaling cascades, initiated by sequential activation of the Src and Syk families of protein tyrosine kinases, and leading to gene transcription. Although they lack both enzymatic and transcriptional activity, adaptor proteins are crucial for this process. The cytoplasmic adaptor protein 3BP2 contains a PH domain, proline–rich regions, and a SH2 domain, and interacts with Syk kinases, the LAT adaptor and the PLCg. 3BP2 plays a positive role in NK cytotoxicity, in basophilic degranulation, and activation of NFAT and AP-1 transcription factors leading to interleukine-2 gene transcription in T cells. Finally, point mutations in 3bp2 gene leads to cherubism, a human pathology related to bone development. 3BP2 thus seems to have an important function in hematopoietic cells. In order to better understand its role in lymphocytes, we looked for and identified novel 3BP2 interacting partners. Among those are essential proteins for lymphocyte signaling like HIP-55 and CIN85 and nucleotidic exchange factors Vav1 and Vav2. We showed that 3BP2 interacts with SH3 domain of HIP-55 or CIN85 by the different proline rich domains, and that the interaction is required for endocytosis and regulation of actin. Moreover, our data indicate that the basal interaction between 3BP2 and Vav family members, mediated by the first proline-rich domain of 3BP2 and a SH3 domain of Vav, is reinforced in a phosphotyrosine-dependent way upon immunoreceptors stimulation in T and B cells. We show that there is a functional cooperation between 3BP2 and Vav family members in small GTPase Rac and NFAT transcription activation in lymphocytes. Finally, a differential exression of 3BP3 is observed in Th1 type lymphocytes. And also, the retroviral overexpression of 3BP2 in primary T lymphocytes accelerates the Th1 type cytokines synthesis and the activation induced cell death. These results suggest 3BP2’s implication in T lymphocyte differentiation and its role in the regulation of cell survival. These results suggest that 3BP2 allows the formation of various multimolecular complexes, and might take part in the regulation of different signaling pathway activated in lymphocytes during immune response
L’engagement des récepteurs à l’antigène des lymphocytes déclenche l’activation de différentes cascades de signalisation, initiées par l’activation séquentielle des protéines tyrosine kinases des familles Src et Syk, et aboutissant à la transcription de gènes. Les protéines adaptatrices, pourtant dépourvues d’activité enzymatique ou transcriptionnelle, sont cruciales dans ce processus. La protéine adaptatrice cytoplasmique 3BP2 est constituée d’un domaine PH, de régions riches en proline et d’un domaine SH2, et interagit avec les protéines kinases Syk, l’adaptateur LAT et la PLCg. 3BP2 joue un rôle positif dans la cytotoxicité des cellules NK, dans la dégranulation des mastocytes, et dans l’activation des facteurs de transcription NFAT et AP-1 conduisant à la transcription du gène de l’interleukine-2 dans les cellules T. Enfin, des mutations ponctuelles dans le gène 3bp2 sont à l’origine de la pathologie humaine du chérubisme qui a trait au développement osseux. 3BP2 semble donc posséder une fonction importante dans les cellules du système hématopoïétique. Afin de mieux comprendre son rôle dans les lymphocytes, nous avons recherché et identifié de nouveaux partenaires d’interaction de 3BP2. Parmi ceux-ci se trouvent des protéines essentielles pour la signalisation lymphocytaire comme les protéines HIP-55 et CIN85 et les facteurs d’échange nucléotidiques Vav1 et Vav2. Nous avons montré que 3BP2 interagit directement avec le domaine SH3 de CIN85 ou de HIP-55, qui sont impliqués dans l’endocytose et la régulation d’actine, par les différents domaines riches en proline. D’autre part, nos travaux indiquent que l’interaction basale entre 3BP2 et les membres de la famille Vav, médiée par le premier domaine riche en proline de 3BP2 et un domaine SH3 de Vav, est renforcée de façon phosphotyrosine-dépendante après stimulation des immunorécepteurs des cellules T et B. Cette interaction physique se double d’une interaction fonctionnelle, puisque nous avons montré que 3BP2 coopère avec les membres de la famille Vav pour activer la petite GTPase Rac, la transcription de NFAT dans les lymphocytes. Enfin, une expression différentielle de 3BP2 dans les lymphocytes de type Th1 a été observée. Par ailleurs, la surexpression rétrovirale de 3BP2 dans les lymphocytes T primaires accélère la synthèse des cytokines de type Th1, la mort cellulaire induite par l’activation. Ces résultats suggèrent une implication de 3BP2 au cours de différenciation de lymphocyte T et un rôle dans la régulation de la survie. Ces résultats indiquent que 3BP2, via l’assemblage d’édifices multimoléculaires variés, participe à la régulation des voies de signalisation des lymphocytes pour la réponse immune

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15

Reumaux, Dominique. "Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA) clinical and functional studies /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/61516.

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16

Wurtz, Jean-David. "Phase transitions in the cell cytoplasm : a theoretical investigation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58857.

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Biological cells organise their interior into compartments called organelles in order to function. The familiar ones are the mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus and the lysosomes, which are surrounded by a lipid membrane. There are also membrane-less organelles that are currently receiving intense attention from the biology and physics communities. Membrane-less organelles are ubiquitously present, from yeast cells to mammalian cells, and play key roles in biological functions. One of these are the stress granules (SG) that form in the cytoplasm when the cell is under stress, and are indispensable to the cell’s survival. Membrane-less organelles are proteinaceous liquid drops that assemble by phase separation in the cytoplasm. Phase separation under non-equilibrium conditions in the cell cytoplasm is poorly understood as a physical phenomenon, limiting our understanding of membrane-less organelles. In this thesis, we investigate the physics of non-equilibrium phase separation. Specifically, we study a ternary fluid model in which phase-separating proteins can be converted into soluble proteins, and vice versa, via ATP-driven chemical reactions. We elucidate using analytical and simulation methods how drop size, formation and coarsening are controlled by the reaction rates, and categorize comprehensively the qualitative behaviour of the system into distinct regimes. We then apply our formalism to SG formation. Guided by experimental observations, we consider minimal models of SG formation based on phase separation regulated by ATP-driven chemical reactions. We also provide specific predictions that can be tested experimentally. The model studied in this thesis is a minimal model of membrane-less organelle regulation in the cytoplasm, and can also be applied to chemically-controlled drops in emulsions in the engineering setting.

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17

Saleh, Norihan Mohamad. "Molecular studies of 'wild-abortive' and fertile cytoplasms in rice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277933.

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18

BERGAMO, HENRI. "Les anticorps diriges contre le cytoplasme des granulocytes : interet diagnostique." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31022.

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19

KRAUSS, MICHELE. "Les anticorps anti-cytoplasme de neutrophiles (anca) et les vascularites." Strasbourg 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR15054.

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20

Braun, Alexander. "Einfluss von Cytoplasma und Heterozygotie auf die Merkmalsvariabilität in Kreuzungsnachkommenschaften von Solanum tuberosum L." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968918573.

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21

Martin, Florence. "Vascularites et anticorps anticytoplasme des polynucleaires." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M365.

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22

BISMUTH, FRANKLIN. "Techniques de detection et interet clinique des anticorps anticytoplasme des polynucleaires neutrophiles (anca)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M184.

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23

Zhang, Lili. "Étude des sites de fixation de molécules neurotropes au sein des cellules nerveuses par microscopie ionique." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120030.

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La localisation intracellulaire de deux drogues neurotropes, l'une de la famille des phenothiazines, l'autre de la famille des benzodiazepines a ete etudiee par microscopie ionique. Cette methode a permis d'obtenir des cartographies chimiques representant la distribution microscopique de ces molecules au sein de plusieurs varietes cellulaires: une lignee d'astrocytome de rat (souche c6) des astrocytes primaires de souris une lignee d'astrocytome humain (souche gl-15) une lignee de neuroblastome de rat (souche b-104). Les molecules etudiees: la triflupromazine et la trifluoperazine pour les phenothiazines et le flunitrazepam et le flurazepam pour les benzodiazepines, ces molecules sont tres largement utilisees en therapeutique humaine. Elles ont ete choisies car leur radical fluore permet de reconnaitre aisement leur emplacement par microscopie ionique. Ce travail a montre que les quatre molecules penetrent au sein des cellules ou elles se fixent de facon selective. Dans les quatre varietes cellulaires etudiees, les molecules de la famille des phenothiazines sont presentes au sein du cytoplasme alors que les molecules de la famille des benzodiazepines sont selectivement concentrees dans les noyaux cellulaires

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24

Murphy, Christopher. "Control of DNA Replication by the Nucleus to Cytoplasm Ratio." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10129.

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Xenopus embryos begin development by undergoing a series of extremely rapid cell divisions that occur without growth, gap phases, or cell cycle checkpoints. This cell cycle program, which allows the fertilized egg to rapidly subdivide its contents into many separate cells, is made possible by the extraordinary ability of these embryos to replicate DNA quickly. After a dozen such divisions, the time required to complete S phase and complete the cell cycle increases sharply amidst other embryonic changes during the midblastula transition (MBT). Successful completion of the MBT is essential for viability, but the mechanism responsible for actuating these changes remains unknown. Previous work has shown that the onset of the MBT is dependent upon the embryo reaching a critical nucleus to cytoplasm (N/C) ratio, but it is unclear how this controls cell cycle lengthening. Here, we use Xenopus egg extracts to investigate the mechanism responsible for S phase lengthening at the MBT. As in embryos, high N/C extracts exhibit lengthened S phases, and this is due to both reduced utilization of origins of replication and reduced replication fork progression. Although recent work has suggested that developmental activation of the ATR/Chk1 pathway may provide the stimulus for cell cycle remodeling at the MBT, we find that this pathway is not activated more efficiently at high N/C ratio. Rather, the Chk1 phosphorylation observed at high N/C is simply the aggregated, basal checkpoint activity associated with normal replication in a large number of nuclei. Instead, we provide evidence that the reduced replication rates at high N/C ratio are the result of the depletion of maternal factors by the increased number of nuclei, and these factors are involved in both the initiation of replication and replication fork progression. We provide evidence that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity is the limiting factor for origin firing in high N/C extracts. Likewise, partial depletion of PP2A is sufficient to prevent the high levels of origin firing observed in low N/C extracts. These results suggest a mechanism by which PP2A levels control the rate of origin firing in Xenopus egg extracts and in Xenopus embryos at the MBT.

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25

Lakhani, Ronak. "Investigation cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway genes in Schizosocccharomyces pombe." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494934.

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The Cvt pathway is an unusual process which transports the two hydrolases aminopeptidase I (Apel) and a-mannosidase I (Amsl) from the cytoplasm directly to the vacuole. So far it has only been described in S. cerevisiae and closely related budding yeasts. Most of the components needed for the Cvt pathway, the Atg proteins. are also required for the autophagy pathway, a degradative system which delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the vacuole in a non-specific manner, induced under conditions such as nutrient starvation. Genes involved in these two pathways play a wide variety of roles in diseases such as cancer, cardiomyopathy, Huntington's and Parkinson's disease as well as the removal of intracellular pathogens and ageing.

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26

Murai, Koji. "BASIC STUDIES ON HYBRID WHEAT BREEDING UTILIZING AEGILOPS CRASSA CYTOPLASM." Kyoto University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/168798.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(農学)
乙第7934号
論農博第1778号
新制||農||635(附属図書館)
学位論文||H4||N2495(農学部図書室)
UT51-92-P352
(主査)教授常脇恒一郎, 教授阪本寧男, 教授山縣弘忠
学位規則第4条第2項該当

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27

Reumaux, Dominique. "Anticorps anti-cytoplasme des polynucléaires neutrophiles (ANCA) : études cliniques et fonctionnelles." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2P005.

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28

Appaix, Florence. "Relations structurales et fonctionnelles entre mitochondries et cytoplasme dans les cardiomyocytes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10084.

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29

Nyarko, Afua A. "Structure and interactions of subunits of cytoplasmic dynein /." View abstract, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3191709.

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30

Ganguly, Sujoy. "Cytoplasmic streaming in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610464.

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31

Falconer, Robert John. "Chemical extraction of recombinant protein from the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli /." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf183.pdf.

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32

Melville, Sara E. "The linear plasmids of the S-cytoplasm of Zea Mays (L.)." Thesis, Open University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292362.

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33

Marsh, D. R. "The mitochondrial genome of the T-cytoplasm of maize (Zea mays)." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234746.

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34

Guan, Ju. "Characterization of the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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35

Kadowaki, Koh-ichi. "MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MITOCHONDRIA OF RICE WITH MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASM." Kyoto University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78220.

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36

GAVAUD, CHANTAL. "Les anticorps anticytoplasme des polynucleaires neutrophiles : sensibilite et specificite ; a propos d'une etude portant sur 23 granulomatoses de wegener, 419 pathologies controlees et 100 temoins sains." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M003.

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37

MORIN, MARIE-PASCALE. "Interet des anticorps anticytoplasme des polynucleaires (anca) dans le cadre des glomerulopathies associees a une vascularite : a propos de 17 cas et revue de la litterature." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M130.

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38

DELECOURT, LAURENCE. "Anticorps anticytoplasme des polynucleaires neutrophiles chez les parents sains de patients atteints de rectocolite hemorragique." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M271.

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ADENOT, PIERRE. "Etude des interactions cytoplasme/noyau chez l'embryon precoce de souris par imagerie cellulaire." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066394.

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La videomicroscopie a bas niveau de lumiere permet de visualiser la chromatine de l'embryon precoce de souris, coloree par la sonde fluorescente hoechst 33342 (specifique de l'adn et vitale), sans perturber son developpement. Cette approche a ete utilisee pour etudier apres la fecondation, les phases de decondensation et de recondensation de la chromatine du spermatozoide, en relation avec les differentes etapes de la formation du pronoyau femelle. Une etude ultrastructurale conjointe, realisee par microscopie electronique, nous a permis de montrer que la formation du pronoyau male survient 120 a 150 minutes apres l'expulsion du second globule polaire, et correspond au stade tres recondense de la chromatine paternelle. Cette methodologie a ete developpee pour la mesure quantitative de l'intensite de fluorescence du noyau. Nos resultats montrent qu'il est desormais possible par cette methode, de determiner le stade nucleaire (g1 ou g2) d'une cellule vivante isolee. Il apparait ainsi que la videomicroscopie a bas niveau de lumiere permet d'utiliser les changements morphologiques et quantitatifs de la chromatine des noyaux comme base d'une veritable horloge cellulaire. Combinee a d'autres techniques d'analyse, elle offre alors une certaine souplesse pour l'etude de problemes biologiques car elle permet une investigation guidee par l'image

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40

Sabanov, Victor. "Chloride Channels and Brown Fat Cells." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Physiology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-474.

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Esnault, Vincent. "Vascularites systemiques : etude de l'isotype et de la specificite des anticorps anti-constituants cytoplasmiques des polynucleaires (anca) en fonction de l'expression clinique." Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT07VS.

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AYRAULT, FRANCOISE. "Maladie de wegener chez l'enfant : interet du dosage des anticorps anticytoplasme des polynucleaires neutrophiles ; a propos d'un cas clinique." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT043M.

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Perez, Gerardo Legrama. "Transport of phage P22 DNA into the cytoplasm of salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3319845.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Sept. 9, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-187).

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Gura, Sadovsky Rotem. "Measurement of rapid protein diffusion in the cytoplasm by photoconverted intensity profile expansion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104576.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computational and Systems Biology Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 82-85).
Whether at the level of a single protein, or in the cytoplasm as a whole, the diffusive mobility of proteins plays a key role in biological function. To measure protein diffusion in cells, researchers have developed multiple fluorescence microscopy methods, and have tested them rigorously. However, using these methods for precise measurement of diffusion coefficients requires expertise that can be a barrier to broad utilization of these methods. Here, we report on a new method we have developed, which we name Photo-converted Intensity Profile Expansion (PIPE). It is a simple and intuitive technique that works on commercial imaging systems and requires little expertise. PIPE works by pulsing photo-convertible fluorescent proteins, generating a peaked fluorescence signal at the pulsed region, and analyzing the spatial expansion of the signal as diffusion spreads it out. The width of the expanding signal is directly related to the protein ensemble mean-square displacement, from which the diffusion coefficient of the ensemble is calculated. In the main part of the thesis, we demonstrate the success of PIPE in measuring accurate diffusion coefficients in silico, in vitro and in vivo. We then broaden the discussion, and challenge the assumption that the Fickian diffusion equation is the most appropriate model for describing protein motion in the cytoplasm. Since the cytoplasm is crowded with obstacles that trap proteins for a wide range of times, the motion of those proteins may be more accurately described by models of anomalous diffusion. To contribute to the ongoing debate about anomalous diffusion, we show how PIPE can be used to measure the degree of diffusion anomality by examining the temporal scaling of the mean-square displacement. Whether for measuring normal or anomalous diffusion, we suggest that the simplicity and user-friendliness of PIPE could make it a useful tool in molecular and cell biology.
by Rotem Gura Sadovsky.
Ph. D.

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McGrath, James L. (James Lionel). "Actin dynamics in the cell cytoplasm and the role of actin associated proteins." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50446.

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David, Gabriel. "Structure et dynamique du cytoplasme auto-organisé : exemple par la ségrégation du génome bactérien." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS098.

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Les organismes cellulaires apparaissent organisés. Les bactéries utilisent des compartiments sans membrane pour confiner les réactions chimiques dans l'espace et le temps. Il existe un paradigme général de l'auto-organisation de l'espace intracellulaire qui distingue les auto-assemblages, structures moléculaires assemblées par des mécanismes passifs de transition de phase, et les structures dissipatives, engendrés par exemple par des processus de réaction-diffusion. Si les auto-assemblages correspondent à l'évolution vers l'équilibre thermodynamique, les structures dissipatives sont des manifestations d'une dépense d'énergie hors équilibre thermodynamique. Nous illustrons ce paradigme en étudiant la ségrégation du matériel génétique chez les bactéries, en l'occurrence celle du plasmide F de Escherichia coli qui repose sur le système de partition ParABS. La ségrégation est une étape cruciale du cycle cellulaire bactérien puisqu'elle assure la transmission de l'information génétique dans les bactéries filles avant la division. Le système ParABS est constitué d'une séquence centromérique parS ; d'une protéine ParB capable de se lier à l'ADN, spécifiquement sur la séquence parS et non-spécifiquement ailleurs ; d'une protéine ATPase ParA capable de se lier à l'ADN. Les interactions entre protéines ParB sur l'ADN et l'adsorption spécifique sur la séquence parS mène à la formation d'un foyer tridimensionnel appelé complexe ParBS localisé autour de la séquence parS. Les interactions entre protéines ParA et ParB mènent au positionnement de ce complexe au centre du milieu cellulaire. Après réplication, deux complexes ParBS existent et son ségrégés par l'action des protéines ParA aux positions 1/4 et 3/4 de l'espace intracellulaire.Nous cherchons d'abord à expliquer la formation des complexes ParBS par un mécanisme passif de séparation de phase entre états de haute et basse densité en protéines ParB dans l'espace. Nous construisons deux modèles de physique statistique à l'aide d'outils empruntés à la physique des transitions de phase. Notre deuxième approche définit rigoureusement tous les éléments du système biologique constitué de l'ADN-polymère et des protéines ParB en interaction et nous permet de formuler un critère d'existence de transition de phase du premier ordre qui est vérifié par l'ADN. Nous parvenons à tracer les diagrammes de phase de cette transition. Ces deux modèles nous permettent d'argumenter que le régime thermodynamique physiologique de ce système biologique est un régime de coexistence métastable en protéines ParB sur l'ADN. La séquence parS joue le rôle d'un défaut ou d'une graine de nucléation. Nous utilisons une troisième approche pour expliciter le lien entre les distributions tridimensionnelle et sur l'ADN des protéines ParB autour de la séquence parS. Nous cherchons à expliquer les courbes de recouvrement de fluorescence issus d'expériences de photoblanchiment sur les complexes ParBS. Nous construisons une méthode de photoblanchiment in silico, c'est-à-dire que nous reproduisons ces courbes de recouvrement à partir d'une équation phénoménologique résolue numériquement. Nous développons un système d'équations qui décrivent l'évolution des protéines sur l'ADN à partir de l'approche physique statistique précédente pour produire un photoblanchiment in silico prenant en compte que les complexes ParBS sont issus d'une séparation de phase. Nous montrons qu'un pur système passif ne permet pas de faire des expériences de photoblanchiment à cause de la maturation d'Ostwald subie par les complexes. Nous corrigeons cette approche pour inclure les protéines ParA et leur cycle biochimique dans nos simulations. Nous montrons ainsi que les interactions entre les protéines ParA et ParB et l'hydrolyse de l'ATP permet la survie de plusieurs complexes ParBS grâce à un mécanisme d'inversion du murissement d'Ostwald. Cette approche fondamentale permet d'expliquer le positionnement des complexes ParBS durant la ségrégation
Cellular organisms appear organized. Bacteria use membraneless compartments to confine chemical reactions in space and time. There is a general paradigm of intracellular space self-organization that distinguishes between self-assembly, molecular structures assembled by passive phase transition mechanisms, and dissipative structures, generated for example by reaction-diffusion processes. If self-assemblies correspond to the evolution towards thermodynamic equilibrium, dissipative structures are manifestations of an out-of-equilibrium energy cost. We illustrate this paradigm by studying the segregation of bacterial genome, in this case the F-plasmid segregation of Escherichia coli, based on the ParABS partition system. Segregation is a crucial step in the bacterial cell cycle since it ensures the transmission of genetic information in daughter bacteria before division.The ParABS system consists of a parS centromeric sequence; a ParB protein which is able to bind to DNA, specifically on the parS sequence and not specifically elsewhere; and a ParA ATPase protein than can bind to DNA. Interactions between ParB proteins on DNA and specific adsorption on the parS sequence lead to the formation of a three-dimensional focus called the ParBS complex located around the parS sequence. Interactions between ParA and ParB proteins lead to the positioning of this complex at the center of the cell cytoplasm. After replication, two ParBS complexes exist and are segregated by the action of ParA proteins at positions 1/4 and 3/4 of the intracellular space.We first seek to explain the formation of ParBS complexes by a passive phase separation mechanism between high- and low-density states of ParB proteins in space. We construct two statistical physics models using tools borrowed from the physics of phase transitions. Our second approach rigorously defines all the elements of the biological system consisting of the interacting DNA-polymer and ParB proteins and allows us to formulate a first-order phase transition existence criterion that is verified by the DNA. We can draw the phase diagrams of this transition. These two models allow us to argue that the physiological thermodynamic regime of this biological system is a regime of metastable coexistence in ParB proteins on DNA. The parS sequence plays the role of a defect or nucleation seed. We use a third approach to explain the relationship between the three-dimensional and DNA distributions of ParB proteins around the parS sequence.We try to explain the fluorescence recovery curves from photobleaching experiments on ParBS complexes. We construct an in silico photobleaching method, i.e. we reproduce these recovery curves from a phenomenological equation solved numerically. We then develop a system of equations that describe the evolution of proteins on DNA from the previous statistical physical approach to produce an in silico photobleaching taking into account that ParBS complexes are the result of phase separation. We show that a pure passive system does not allow photobleaching experiments because of the Ostwald maturation undergone by the complexes. We correct this approach by including ParA proteins and their biochemical cycle in our simulations. We show that the interactions between ParA and ParB proteins and the hydrolysis of ATP allows the survival of several ParBS complexes thanks to an inversion mechanism of Ostwald's ripening. This fundamental approach explains the positioning of ParBS complexes during segregation

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47

Ducos, Eric. "Caractérisation moléculaire du cytoplasme G induisant la stérilité mâle chez la betterave (Beta vulgaris)." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-252.pdf.

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La betterave (beta vulgaris) est une espece gynodioique c'est-a-dire que des plantes hermaphrodites et des plantes male-steriles (femelles) coexistent dans les populations naturelles. Les etudes precedentes ont montre une grande variabilite des types mitochondriaux au sein de cette espece. Certains de ces mitotypes ont ete fortement correles a la sterilite male. L'analyse genetique de ce phenotype a confirme son origine cytoplasmique pour trois d'entre eux : e, g et h. L'objectif principal de cette these concerne l'identification et la caracterisation de polypeptides mitochondriaux associes au cytoplasme sterilisant g. Nous avons montre la presence de deux polypeptides modifies dans ce cytoplasme compare au type normal, fertile, nv utilise dans cette etude. La sous-unite nad9 possede une extension c-terminale et 5 substitutions potentielles dans sa sequence en acides amines (grande-nad9). La sous-unite cox2 possede un c-terminal tronque (petite-cox2). Ces deux sous-unites appartiennent respectivement aux complexes i et iv de la chaine respiratoire mitochondriale. L'analyse genomique de ces genes a revele qu'un grand nombre d'evenements de recombinaison separaient certainement le cytoplasme fertile (nv) du sterile (g). Grande-nad9 est assemblee dans le complexe i et l'activite de ce dernier ne semble pas affectee dans les tissus vegetatifs. Par contre, l'activite du complexe iv est reduite de moitie et cette deficience semble compensee par la sur-expression de l'oxydase alterne. Enfin, petite-cox2 pourrait modifier la stabilite de son complexe qui n'est pas resolu en electrophorese non denaturante. La specificite au cytoplasme sterilisant g de ces sous-unites modifiees et la deficience de la chaine respiratoire observee constituent des bases solides pour etudier les mecanismes inducteurs de la sterilite male par ce cytoplasme et determiner un avantage selectif potentiel assurant son maintien en milieu naturel.

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Garcin, Edwige. "Existe-t-il des thiol-oxydases ou des disulfure-isomérases dans le cytoplasme bactérien ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4758.

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Les thiol-disulfure oxydoréductases sont des protéines qui jouent un rôle majeur dans la cellule. Elles sont impliquées dans l'activité de nombreuses protéines cytoplasmiques, ainsi que dans la maturation et la stabilité des protéines extracytoplasmiques. Les particularités structurales conservées chez les TDORs, comme le repliement thiorédoxine et le motif CxxC, les propriétés physico-chimiques, leur environnement physiologique et leurs substrats sont autant de facteurs qui influencent la capacité de ces protéines à catalyser préférentiellement la réduction, l'oxydation, ou l'isomérisation des ponts disulfures in vivo.Je me suis intéressée aux TDORs atypiques cytoplasmiques pouvant présenter une activité thiol-oxydase ou disulfure-isomérase dans le cytoplasme des bactéries. J'ai caractérisées deux thiorédoxines atypiques, l'une provenant de l'organisme anaérobie Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, Dtrx, et l'autre provenant de la bactérie pathogène Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, PsTrx. Dtrx, possédant une séquence consensus thiol-oxydase CPHC, présente des propriétés in vitro en accord avec cette séquence. Nous avons proposé un mécanisme qui peut être appliqué de façon réversible dans le sens de la réduction et de l'oxydation des cystéines des substrats.PsTrx contient une séquence consensus CGHC dans son site actif, qui est généralement conservée chez PDI, protéine eucaryote. Les propriétés physico-chimiques, et la structure tridimensionnelle déterminées pour PsTrx par RMN, présentent des caractéristiques identiques à celles observées pour le domaine catalytique de PDI
Thiol/disulfide oxidoreductases catalyze important redox reactions in the cell. They are implicated in the reduction of disulfide bonds in cytoplasm, and disulfide bond formation during folding of secreted proteins. All of the members of this family share the thioredoxin fold and an active site with two conserved cysteine residues that specify the biological activity of the protein in the reduction, oxidation or isomerisation of disulfide bond in vivo.In this work, I have studied atypical cytoplasmic TDORs catalyzing the oxidation or isomerisation of disulfide bond in bacteria. I have characterized two atypical thioredoxin proteins, one from the anaerobe Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, Dtrx, and one from the pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, PsTrx.Dtrx, with the CPHC active site, presents important activities in the thiol-oxidation of proteins. We proposed a reversible mechanism for the disulfide-reduction or thiol-oxidation of substrate proteins.PsTrx presents the CGHC active site shown in the eukaryote PDI protein. Physico-chemical properties and tridimensional structure solved by NMR are the same that those of the catalytical domain of PDI.This work presents the properties of the two atypical thioredoxins, Dtrx and PsTrx. These proteins have similar functional and structural characteristics in vitro, but probably different redox functions in vivo

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BESANCON, BERGELIN ANNE. "Interet du dosage des anticorps anticytoplasme des polynucleaires neutrophiles (acpn) : etude des dossiers de 256 patients pour lesquels une recherche a ete effectuee sur une periode de 3 ans." Angers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ANGE1085.

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Labbe, Jean-Claude. "Identification de MPF : un facteur universel contrôlant l'entrée en phase M du cycle cellulaire." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20269.

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Chez les eucaryotes, l'entree en phase m du cycle cellulaire est controlee par un facteur (mpf: m-phase promoting factor) dont l'activite oscille au cours du cycle cellulaire. Ce facteur ne presente pas de specificite zoologique. Nous l'avons purifie a partir d'ovocytes d'etoile de mer et identifie a une serine-threonine kinase consistant en un complexe de deux sous-unites, une sous-unite catalytique (p34#c#d#c#2) et une sous-unite regulatrice (cycline b), homologue respectivement aux produits des genes cdc2#+ et cdc13#+ de la levure schizosaccharomyces pombe

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