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Journal articles on the topic 'CYTORHABDOVIRUS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 17 September 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Alves-Freitas, Dione M. T., Bruna Pinheiro-Lima, Josias C. Faria, Cristiano Lacorte, Simone G. Ribeiro, and Fernando L. Melo. "Double-Stranded RNA High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals a New Cytorhabdovirus in a Bean Golden Mosaic Virus-Resistant Common Bean Transgenic Line." Viruses 11, no. 1 (2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11010090.

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Using double-strand RNA (dsRNA) high-throughput sequencing, we identified five RNA viruses in a bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV)-resistant common bean transgenic line with symptoms of viral infection. Four of the identified viruses had already been described as infecting common bean (cowpea mild mottle virus, bean rugose mosaic virus, Phaseolus vulgaris alphaendornavirus 1, and Phaseolus vulgaris alphaendornavirus 2) and one is a putative new plant rhabdovirus (genus Cytorhabdovirus), tentatively named bean-associated cytorhabdovirus (BaCV). The BaCV genome presented all five open reading frames (ORFs) found in most rhabdoviruses: nucleoprotein (N) (ORF1) (451 amino acids, aa), phosphoprotein (P) (ORF2) (445 aa), matrix (M) (ORF4) (287 aa), glycoprotein (G) (ORF5) (520 aa), and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) (ORF6) (114 aa), as well as a putative movement protein (P3) (ORF3) (189 aa) and the hypothetical small protein P4. The predicted BaCV proteins were compared to homologous proteins from the closest cytorhabdoviruses, and a low level of sequence identity (15–39%) was observed. The phylogenetic analysis shows that BaCV clustered with yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus (YmCaV) and rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV). Overall, our results provide strong evidence that BaCV is indeed a new virus species in the genus Cytorhabdovirus (family Rhabdoviridae), the first rhabdovirus to be identified infecting common bean.

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2

Bejerman, Nicolás, and Ralf Dietzgen. "Letter to the Editor: Bean-Associated Cytorhabdovirus and Papaya Cytorhabdovirus are Strains of the Same Virus." Viruses 11, no. 3 (2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11030230.

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3

Fránová, J., and H. Jakešová. "Susceptibility of ten red clover (Trifolium pratense) cultivars to six viruses after artificial inoculation." Plant Protection Science 50, No. 3 (2014): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2013-pps.

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Seedlings of Trifolium pratense L. cultivars were mechanically inoculated with Czech isolates of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Clover yellow mosaic virus (ClYMV), Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), Red clover mottle virus (RCMV), White clover mosaic virus (WClMV), and a newly discovered member of the Cytorhabdovirus genus. WClMV infected 75.4% of clover seedlings; cv. Rezista was the most susceptible (93.3%), while cv. Fresko was the least susceptible (58.3%). RCMV infected 59.6% of plants; the most susceptible was cv. Tempus (77.6%), the least susceptible cv. Sprint (38.3%). While WClMV infected a higher number of seedlings, RCMV revealed more severe symptoms on affected plants. On the basis of ELISA and RT-PCR results, no cultivar was susceptible to mechanical inoculation with ClYMV and cytorhabdovirus. Moreover, cvs Fresko and Sprint were not susceptible to ClYVV and AMV, respectively.

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4

Lamprecht, R. L., G. G. F. Kasdorf, M. Stiller, S. M. Staples, L. H. Nel, and G. Pietersen. "Soybean blotchy mosaic virus, a New Cytorhabdovirus Found in South Africa." Plant Disease 94, no. 11 (2010): 1348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-09-0598.

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A previously unidentified plant Rhabdovirus sp. associated with a blotchy mosaic symptom of soybean (Glycine max), prevalent in the lower-lying, warmer soybean production areas of South Africa, was isolated and partially characterized. The virus was shown to be transmitted by mechanical inoculation and at least one species of leafhopper (Peragallia caboverdensis Lindberg (Cicadellidae, Agalliinae)). To determine the morphology and virion size, as well as intercellular accumulation, negative-stained preparations or embedded ultrathin sections of infected plant samples were observed under a transmission electron microscope. The distribution of the virions within the cytoplasm and its bullet-shaped morphology and size (338 to 371 nm by 93 nm) suggested that it is a putative member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus. Degenerate primers designed to a conserved region of the polymerase gene of a number of Rhabdovirus spp. were used in reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with total RNA from symptomatic plants as template. Amplicons were sequenced and compared with related sequences available on GenBank. The analysis confirmed that the virus was related to Cytorhabdovirus spp., with the highest nucleotide similarity being 60.7% with Northern cereal mosaic virus. The particle morphology, typical virion accumulation in the cytoplasm of infected cells, nucleotide sequence similarity with that of other plant Rhabdovirus spp., and unique symptoms on soybean suggest that the virus is a previously unknown Cytorhabdovirus sp., for which we propose the name Soybean blotchy mosaic virus (SbBMV).

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5

Fránová, Přibylová, and Koloniuk. "Molecular and Biological Characterization of a New Strawberry Cytorhabdovirus." Viruses 11, no. 11 (2019): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11110982.

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Virus diseases of strawberry present several complex problems. More than 25 viruses have been described in the genus Fragaria thus far. Here, we describe a novel rhabdovirus, tentatively named strawberry virus 1 (StrV-1), that infects F. ananassa and F. vesca plants. Genomic sequences of three distinct StrV-1 genotypes co-infecting a single F. ananassa host were obtained using combined Illumina and Ion Proton high-throughput sequencing. StrV-1 was transmitted to herbaceous plants via Aphis fabae and A. ruborum, further mechanically transmitted to Nicotiana occidentalis 37B and sub-inoculated to N. benthamiana, N. benthamiana DCL2/4i, N. occidentalis 37B, and Physalis floridana plants. Irregular chlorotic sectors on leaf blades and the multiplication of calyx leaves seem to be the diagnostic symptoms for StrV-1 on indexed F. vesca clones. StrV-1 was detected in asymptomatic grafted plants and in 49 out of 159 field strawberry samples via RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The bacilliform shape of the virions, which have a cytoplasm-limited distribution, their size, and phylogenetic relationships support the assignment of StrV-1 to a distinct species of the genus Cytorhabdovirus. Acyrthosiphon malvae, A. fabae, and A. ruborum were shown to transmit StrV-1 under experimental conditions.

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6

Posthuma, Karin I., Anthony N. Adams, and Yiguo Hong. "Strawberry crinkle virus, a Cytorhabdovirus needing more attention from virologists." Molecular Plant Pathology 1, no. 6 (2000): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1364-3703.2000.00041.x.

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7

Heim, F., H. Lot, B. Delecolle, A. Bassler, G. Krczal, and T. Wetzel. "Complete nucleotide sequence of a putative new cytorhabdovirus infecting lettuce." Archives of Virology 153, no. 1 (2007): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-007-1071-5.

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8

Mann, Krin S., Nicolas Bejerman, Karyn N. Johnson, and Ralf G. Dietzgen. "Cytorhabdovirus P3 genes encode 30K-like cell-to-cell movement proteins." Virology 489 (February 2016): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2015.11.028.

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9

Pinheiro-Lima, Bruna, Rita C. Pereira-Carvalho, Dione M. T. Alves-Freitas, et al. "Transmission of the Bean-Associated Cytorhabdovirus by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1." Viruses 12, no. 9 (2020): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091028.

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The knowledge of genomic data of new plant viruses is increasing exponentially; however, some aspects of their biology, such as vectors and host range, remain mostly unknown. This information is crucial for the understanding of virus–plant interactions, control strategies, and mechanisms to prevent outbreaks. Typically, rhabdoviruses infect monocot and dicot plants and are vectored in nature by hemipteran sap-sucking insects, including aphids, leafhoppers, and planthoppers. However, several strains of a potentially whitefly-transmitted virus, papaya cytorhabdovirus, were recently described: (i) bean-associated cytorhabdovirus (BaCV) in Brazil, (ii) papaya virus E (PpVE) in Ecuador, and (iii) citrus-associated rhabdovirus (CiaRV) in China. Here, we examine the potential of the Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) to transmit BaCV, its morphological and cytopathological characteristics, and assess the incidence of BaCV across bean producing areas in Brazil. Our results show that BaCV is efficiently transmitted, in experimental conditions, by B. tabaci MEAM1 to bean cultivars, and with lower efficiency to cowpea and soybean. Moreover, we detected BaCV RNA in viruliferous whiteflies but we were unable to visualize viral particles or viroplasm in the whitefly tissues. BaCV could not be singly isolated for pathogenicity tests, identification of the induced symptoms, and the transmission assay. BaCV was detected in five out of the seven states in Brazil included in our study, suggesting that it is widely distributed throughout bean producing areas in the country. This is the first report of a whitefly-transmitted rhabdovirus.

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10

Medina-Salguero, Andrés X., Juan F. Cornejo-Franco, Samuel Grinstead, et al. "Sequencing, genome analysis and prevalence of a cytorhabdovirus discovered in Carica papaya." PLOS ONE 14, no. 6 (2019): e0215798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215798.

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11

Qiu, Yuanjian, Song Zhang, Jingjing Jin, Jiaxi Xie, Yumei Cao, and Mengji Cao. "Molecular characterization of a novel cytorhabdovirus associated with paper mulberry mosaic disease." Archives of Virology 165, no. 11 (2020): 2703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04786-1.

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12

Liu, Qiyan, Jingjing Jin, Liu Yang, Song Zhang, and Mengji Cao. "Molecular characterization of a novel cytorhabdovirus associated with chrysanthemum yellow dwarf disease." Archives of Virology 166, no. 4 (2021): 1253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-04987-2.

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13

Wang, Yanxiang, Guoping Wang, Jianyu Bai, et al. "A novel Actinidia cytorhabdovirus characterized using genomic and viral protein interaction features." Molecular Plant Pathology 22, no. 10 (2021): 1271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13110.

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14

Mann, Krin S., Karyn N. Johnson, Bernard J. Carroll, and Ralf G. Dietzgen. "Cytorhabdovirus P protein suppresses RISC-mediated cleavage and RNA silencing amplification in planta." Virology 490 (March 2016): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.003.

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15

Martin, Kathleen M., Ralf G. Dietzgen, Renyuan Wang, and Michael M. Goodin. "Lettuce necrotic yellows cytorhabdovirus protein localization and interaction map, and comparison with nucleorhabdoviruses." Journal of General Virology 93, no. 4 (2012): 906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.038034-0.

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Lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV), Sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV) and Potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV) are members of the family Rhabdoviridae that infect plants. LNYV is a cytorhabdovirus that replicates in the cytoplasm, while SYNV and PYDV are nucleorhabdoviruses that replicate in the nuclei of infected cells. LNYV and SYNV share a similar genome organization with a gene order of nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), putative movement protein (Mv), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and polymerase (L). PYDV contains an additional predicted gene of unknown function located between N and P. In order to gain insight into the associations of viral structural and non-structural proteins and the mechanisms by which they may function, we constructed protein localization and interaction maps. Subcellular localization was determined by transiently expressing the viral proteins fused to green or red fluorescent protein in leaf epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. Protein interactions were tested in planta by using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. All three viruses showed Mv to be localized at the cell periphery and the G protein to be membrane associated. Comparing the interaction maps revealed that only the N–P and M–M interactions are common to all three viruses. Associations unique to only one virus include P–M for LNYV, G–Mv for SYNV and M–Mv, M–G and N–M for PYDV. The cognate N–P proteins of all three viruses interacted and exhibited characteristic changes in localization when co-expressed.

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16

Orfanidou, C. G., C. Beta, J. S. Reynard, G. Tsiolakis, N. I. Katis, and V. I. Maliogka. "Identification, molecular characterization and prevalence of a novel cytorhabdovirus infecting zucchini crops in Greece." Virus Research 287 (October 2020): 198095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198095.

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17

Mann, Krin S., Karyn N. Johnson, and Ralf G. Dietzgen. "Cytorhabdovirus phosphoprotein shows RNA silencing suppressor activity in plants, but not in insect cells." Virology 476 (February 2015): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.023.

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18

Higgins, Colleen M., Nicolas Bejerman, Ming Li, et al. "Complete genome sequence of Colocasia bobone disease-associated virus, a putative cytorhabdovirus infecting taro." Archives of Virology 161, no. 3 (2015): 745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2713-7.

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19

Ding, Xinlun, Dao Chen, Zhenguo Du, Jie Zhang, and Zujian Wu. "The complete genome sequence of a novel cytorhabdovirus identified in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)." Archives of Virology 164, no. 12 (2019): 3127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04390-y.

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20

Gao, Qiang, Teng Yan, Zhen-Jia Zhang, et al. "Casein Kinase 1 Regulates Cytorhabdovirus Replication and Transcription by Phosphorylating a Phosphoprotein Serine-Rich Motif." Plant Cell 32, no. 9 (2020): 2878–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.20.00369.

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21

Gao, Qiang, Wen‐Ya Xu, Teng Yan, et al. "Rescue of a plant cytorhabdovirus as versatile expression platforms for planthopper and cereal genomic studies." New Phytologist 223, no. 4 (2019): 2120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15889.

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22

Dietzgen, Ralf G., Ben Callaghan, Thierry Wetzel, and James L. Dale. "Completion of the genome sequence of Lettuce necrotic yellows virus, type species of the genus Cytorhabdovirus." Virus Research 118, no. 1-2 (2006): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2005.10.024.

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23

Sadeghi, Mohammad Sadegh, Alireza Afsharifar, Keramatollah Izadpanah, et al. "Isolation and Partial Characterization of a Novel Cytorhabdovirus from Citrus Trees Showing Foliar Symptoms in Iran." Plant Disease 100, no. 1 (2016): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-15-0136-re.

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Citrus ringspot is a graft-transmissible disease, and at least two taxonomically distinct viral species are associated with this syndrome: Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) and Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV). Neither of these two viruses was detected, however, by serological or molecular assays in symptomatic tissues from citrus trees in southern Iran, where the ringspot syndrome is widespread. By contrast, electron microscopy and molecular assays revealed the presence of a rhabdovirus-like virus, which was graft transmitted to several citrus species and mechanically to herbaceous hosts. Virus particles were bacilliform and resembled rhabdovirus nucleocapsids deprived of the lipoprotein envelope. Partial sequences of the viral nucleoprotein and RNA polymerase genes showed a distant genetic relatedness with cytorhabdoviruses. This virus appears to be a novel species, for which the name Iranian citrus ringspot-associated virus (IrCRSaV) is suggested.

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24

Fang, Xiao-Dong, Teng Yan, Qiang Gao, et al. "A cytorhabdovirus phosphoprotein forms mobile inclusions trafficked on the actin/ER network for viral RNA synthesis." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 15 (2019): 4049–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz195.

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AbstractAs obligate parasites, plant viruses usually hijack host cytoskeletons for replication and movement. Rhabdoviruses are enveloped, negative-stranded RNA viruses that infect vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants, but the mechanisms of intracellular trafficking of plant rhabdovirus proteins are largely unknown. Here, we used Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a plant cytorhabdovirus, as a model to investigate the effects of the actin cytoskeleton on viral intracellular movement and viral RNA synthesis in a mini-replicon (MR) system. The BYSMV P protein forms mobile inclusion bodies that are trafficked along the actin/endoplasmic reticulum network, and recruit the N and L proteins into viroplasm-like structures. Deletion analysis showed that the N terminal region (aa 43–55) and the remaining region (aa 56–295) of BYSMV P are essential for the mobility and formation of inclusions, respectively. Overexpression of myosin XI-K tails completely abolishes the trafficking activity of P bodies, and is accompanied by a significant reduction of viral MR RNA synthesis. These results suggest that BYSMV P contributes to the formation and trafficking of viroplasm-like structures along the ER/actin network driven by myosin XI-K. Thus, rhabdovirus P appears to be a dynamic hub protein for efficient recruitment of viral proteins, thereby promoting viral RNA synthesis.

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25

Higgins, Colleen M., Nicolas Bejerman, Ming Li, et al. "Erratum to: Complete genome sequence of Colocasia bobone disease-associated virus, a putative cytorhabdovirus infecting taro." Archives of Virology 161, no. 10 (2016): 2951–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2995-4.

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26

Bejerman, Nicolás, Soledad de Breuil, Humberto Debat, Marcos Miretti, Alejandra Badaracco, and Claudia Nome. "Molecular characterization of yerba mate chlorosis-associated virus, a putative cytorhabdovirus infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)." Archives of Virology 162, no. 8 (2017): 2481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3363-8.

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27

Samarfard, Samira, Nicolas E. Bejerman, and Ralf G. Dietzgen. "Distribution and genetic variability of alfalfa dwarf virus, a cytorhabdovirus associated with alfalfa dwarf disease in Argentina." Virus Genes 54, no. 4 (2018): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11262-018-1563-2.

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28

Zhang, Hehong, Lulu Li, Yuqing He, et al. "Distinct modes of manipulation of rice auxin response factor OsARF17 by different plant RNA viruses for infection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 16 (2020): 9112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918254117.

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Plant auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors are an important class of key transcriptional modulators in auxin signaling. Despite the well-studied roles of ARF transcription factors in plant growth and development, it is largely unknown whether, and how, ARF transcription factors may be involved in plant resistance to pathogens. We show here that two fijiviruses (double-stranded RNA viruses) utilize their proteins to disturb the dimerization of OsARF17 and repress its transcriptional activation ability, while a tenuivirus (negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus) directly interferes with the DNA binding activity of OsARF17. These interactions impair OsARF17-mediated antiviral defense. OsARF17 also confers resistance to a cytorhabdovirus and was directly targeted by one of the viral proteins. Thus, OsARF17 is the common target of several very different viruses. This suggests that OsARF17 plays a crucial role in plant defense against different types of plant viruses, and that these viruses use independently evolved viral proteins to target this key component of auxin signaling and facilitate infection.

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29

Ito, Takao, Koichi Suzaki, and Masaaki Nakano. "Genetic characterization of novel putative rhabdovirus and dsRNA virus from Japanese persimmon." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 8 (2013): 1917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.054445-0.

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Deep-sequencing analysis of nucleic acids from leaf tissue of Japanese persimmon trees exhibiting fruit apex disorder in some fruits detected two molecules that were graft transmitted to healthy seedlings. One of the complete genomes consisted of 13 467 nt and encoded six genes similar to those of plant rhabdoviruses. The virus formed a distinct cluster in the genus Cytorhabdovirus with lettuce necrotic yellows virus, lettuce yellow mottle virus and strawberry crinkle virus in a phylogenetic tree based on the L protein (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp). The other consisted of 7475 nt and shared a genome organization similar to those of some insect and fungal viruses having dsRNA genomes. In a phylogenetic tree using the RdRp sequence of several unassigned dsRNA viruses, the virus formed a possible new genus cluster with two insect viruses, Circulifer tenellus virus 1 and Spissistilus festinus virus 1, and one plant virus, cucurbit yellows-associated virus.

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Ibrahim, Ahmad E. C., Craig J. van Dolleweerd, Pascal M. W. Drake, and Julian K.-C. Ma. "Development of a minigenome cassette for Lettuce necrotic yellows virus: A first step in rescuing a plant cytorhabdovirus." PLOS ONE 15, no. 3 (2020): e0229877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229877.

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31

Mann, Krin S., Nicolas Bejerman, Karyn N. Johnson, and Ralf G. Dietzgen. "Corrigendum to “Cytorhabdovirus P3 genes encode 30K-like cell-to-cell movement proteins” [Virology 489 (2016) 20–33]." Virology 490 (March 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.014.

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32

Maurino, Fernanda, Analía D. Dumón, Gabriela Llauger, et al. "Complete genome sequence of maize yellow striate virus, a new cytorhabdovirus infecting maize and wheat crops in Argentina." Archives of Virology 163, no. 1 (2017): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3579-7.

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33

Bejerman, Nicolás, Raúl Maximiliano Acevedo, Soledad de Breuil, et al. "Molecular characterization of a novel cytorhabdovirus with a unique genomic organization infecting yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Argentina." Archives of Virology 165, no. 6 (2020): 1475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04609-3.

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34

Li, Lulu, Hehong Zhang, Changhai Chen, et al. "A class of independently evolved transcriptional repressors in plant RNA viruses facilitates viral infection and vector feeding." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 11 (2021): e2016673118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016673118.

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Plant viruses employ diverse virulence strategies to achieve successful infection, but there are few known general strategies of viral pathogenicity and transmission used by widely different plant viruses. Here, we report a class of independently evolved virulence factors in different plant RNA viruses which possess active transcriptional repressor activity. Rice viruses in the genera Fijivirus, Tenuivirus, and Cytorhabdovirus all have transcriptional repressors that interact in plants with the key components of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, namely mediator subunit OsMED25, OsJAZ proteins, and OsMYC transcription factors. These transcriptional repressors can directly disassociate the OsMED25-OsMYC complex, inhibit the transcriptional activation of OsMYC, and then combine with OsJAZ proteins to cooperatively attenuate the JA pathway in a way that benefits viral infection. At the same time, these transcriptional repressors efficiently enhanced feeding by the virus insect vectors by repressing JA signaling. Our findings reveal a common strategy in unrelated plant viruses in which viral transcriptional repressors hijack and repress the JA pathway in favor of both viral pathogenicity and vector transmission.

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35

Maurino, M. F., G. Laguna, F. Giolitti, C. Nome, and M. P. Giménez Pecci. "First Ocurrence of a Rhabdovirus Infecting Maize in Argentina." Plant Disease 96, no. 9 (2012): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-12-0222-pdn.

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Maize (Zea mays) plants showing symptoms of shortened internodes, dwarfism, panicle sterility, and a mosaic of coarse and fine yellow stripes on leaf blades and sheaths, were found from December to March in experimental maize plantings in every crop year since 2000-01. Although the disease appeared at a very low incidence (estimates less than 1%), it was found in several locations such as Santa Isabel and Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe Province; Río Cuarto, Colonia Caroya, Río Segundo, and Sampacho, Córdoba Province; and Pedro Luro, Buenos Aires Province. Leaf tissue from eight symptomatic plants collected in Colonia Caroya in December 2011 was used to perform “leaf dips” and ultrathin sections. Electron microscopy of these preparations revealed membrane-bound bullet-shaped particles characteristic of the Rhabdoviridae family in mesophyll cytoplasm and vascular bundle parenchyma. The virus was experimentally transmitted to healthy 9-day-old corn plants, with Peregrinus maidis (order Hemiptera, family Delphacidae) raised under laboratory conditions using acquisition, latency, and inoculation vector periods of 7, 21, and 7 days, respectively. The field observed symptoms were replicated in the transmitted plants. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants with the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany), and one step RT-PCR (Access RT-PCR Kit, Promega, Madison, WI) was performed, using two sets of degenerate primers targeting conserved regions of rhabdovirus L polymerase gene, primers PVO (1) and Rhab (2). The agarose gel bands shown only in symptomatic samples were 450 bp (1) and 1,000 bp (2), as expected. The approximately 1 kb amplicon, which includes that of 450 bp, was cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector System (Promega). Five independent clones were sequenced in both directions with M13 F/R universal primers to generate a consensus sequence (GenBank Accession No. JQ715419), which was compared to similar plant rhabdovirus sequences available on GenBank. The partial L polymerase gene sequence of the corn rhabdovirus, Maize yellow striate virus had 73% and 71% sequence identity with the members of the Cytorhabdovirus genus Barley yellow striate mosaic virus isolate Zanjan-1 (BYSMV; GenBank Accession No. FJ665628) and Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV; GenBank Accession No. NC002251), respectively. A phylogenetic tree from the partial nucleotide L polymerase sequence indicates that the rhabdovirus infecting maize in Argentina is closely related to the cytorhabdovirus members and is separated from the nucleorhabdovirus group. To our knowledge, this is the first mention of a Rhabdoviridae family virus infecting maize detected in Argentina. References: (1) H. Bourhy et al. J. Gen. Virol. 86:2849, 2005. (2) R. L. Lamprecht et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 123:105, 2009.

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36

Bejerman, N., C. Nome, F. Giolitti, et al. "First Report of a Rhabdovirus Infecting Alfalfa in Argentina." Plant Disease 95, no. 6 (2011): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-10-0764.

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a major forage crop in Argentina with an estimated cultivated area of 4 million ha in the 2009–2010 season, which constitutes a primary component for the animal production chain. In early summer of 2010, alfalfa plants showing virus-like symptoms were identified in 20 commercial fields in La Pampa Province with 95% disease prevalence. Diseased plants had shortened internodes, a bushy appearance, deformations, puckering, epinasty of leaflet blades, vein enations, and varying sized papillae on the adaxial leaflet surfaces. Similar symptoms were observed in alfalfa crops in Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Santa Fe, and Santiago del Estero provinces. Electron microscopy (EM) and molecular assays were performed on leaf tissue from one asymptomatic and two symptomatic plants. EM of ultrathin sections revealed membrane-bound bullet-shaped particles associated with the endoplasmic reticulum of phloem cells from symptomatic plants only. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants with the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) for a template in one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays with the Access RT-PCR Kit (Promega, Madison, WI). RT-PCR assays employed degenerate primers targeting conserved regions of plant rhabdovirus polymerase (L) genes (2). An amplicon of approximately 1 kilobase pairs (detected only from symptomatic plants) was gel purified with the Wizard SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System (Promega), cloned into pGEM-T Easy Vector System (Promega), and sequenced. Three independents clones were sequenced in both directions at Macrogen Inc. (Korea Republic) to generate a consensus sequence (GenBank Accession No. HQ380230) and compared to sequences of other plant rhabdoviruses available on GenBank. The partial L gene sequence of the alfalfa-infecting rhabdovirus shared highest nucleotide (68.0%) and amino acid (76.5%) sequence identity with the cytorhabdovirus Strawberry crinkle virus (Accession No. AY331390). A phylogenetic tree based on partial amino acid sequences of the polymerase gene indicated the alfalfa-infecting virus was more closely related to cytorhabdoviruses than to nucleorhabdoviruses. Symptoms observed resembled those reported for alfalfa plants infected with a plant rhabdovirus named Alfalfa enation virus (1), which has never been fully characterized. Collectively, the data implicate the observed rhabdovirus as the etiological agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Argentina (and South America) of a rhabdovirus infecting alfalfa. Additional field surveys and monitoring of vector/s and yield losses need to be conducted. References: (1) B. Alliot and P. A. Signoret. Phytopathol. Z. 74:69, 1972. (2) R. L. Lamprecht et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 123:105, 2009.

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GOH, C. J., D. PARK, and Y. HAHN. "Identification of Trichosanthes associated rhabdovirus 1, a novel member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae, in the Trichosanthes kirilowii transcriptome." Acta virologica 64, no. 01 (2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/av_2020_105.

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Bonneau, Phanie, Richard Hogue, Stéphanie Tellier, and Valérie Fournier. "Evaluation of Various Sources of Viral Infection in Strawberry Fields of Quebec, Canada." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 6 (2019): 2577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz205.

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Abstract The decline of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier; Rosaceae) observed in the province of Quebec, Canada, between 2012 and 2014 was mostly caused by persistent viruses: strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) (Potexvirus; Alphaflexiviridae) and strawberry crinkle virus (SCV) (Cytorhabdovirus; Rhabdoviridae); and semi-persistent viruses: strawberry mottle virus (SmoV) (Secoviridae), strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) (Caulimovirus; Caulimoviridae), and strawberry pallidosis virus (SPaV) (Crinivirus: Closteroviridae) transmitted by insect vectors. The objective of this study was to determine the sources of viral contamination in commercial strawberry fields in Quebec. Specifically, we wished to 1) determine the prevalence of persistent viruses in winged strawberry aphid Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) specimens captured; 2) determine the prevalence of all viruses in wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana Miller plants near commercial plantings; and 3) evaluate the viral contamination of strawberry transplants obtained from nurseries and tested before and after planting in commercial strawberry fields. Results indicated high percentage (38%) of the aphids (n = 205) and high percentage (67%) of F. virginiana patches (n = 12) were infected by strawberry viruses. Ultimately, our results showed a low percentage (5%) of the plants from various nurseries (n = 56) were infected before planting, whereas a third (29%) of the healthy exposed plants in the fields (n = 96) became rapidly infected by insect vectors within a year of having been planted. This study provides significant insights on the relative importance of the various sources of contamination in Quebec strawberry fields: C. fragaefolii versus F. virginiana versus nurseries versus post-nursery infections through exposure to virus-carrying insects.

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Bejerman, Nicolás, Krin S. Mann, and Ralf G. Dietzgen. "Alfalfa dwarf cytorhabdovirus P protein is a local and systemic RNA silencing supressor which inhibits programmed RISC activity and prevents transitive amplification of RNA silencing." Virus Research 224 (September 2016): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2016.08.008.

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Makkouk, K. M., W. Ghulam, and S. G. Kumari. "First Report of Barley yellow striate mosaic virus Infecting Barley and Wheat in Lebanon." Plant Disease 85, no. 4 (2001): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.4.446a.

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Symptoms suggestive of virus infection in barley, bread wheat, and durum wheat were observed at high incidence in November 2000 in Terbol, Beqa'a Valley, Lebanon. The symptoms were mainly stunting, accompanied by leaf striping and yellowing. Symptomatic plant samples (27 barley, 37 bread wheat, and 81 durum wheat) were collected and tested for the presence of four different viruses by tissue-blot immunoassay (TBIA) (1) at the Virology Laboratory of ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. Antisera used were for Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV, genus Hordeivirus) (2); Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV, genus Luteovirus, family Luteoviridae) (PAV serotype) (2); Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV, genus Tritimovirus, family Potyviridae) (3); and Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV, genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae) provided by M. Conti, Instituto di Fitovirologia applicata, Turino, Italy. BYSMV was detected in 12 barley, 18 bread wheat, and 56 durum wheat samples; the corresponding numbers of barley, bread wheat, and durum wheat plants testing positive for BYDV-PAV were 4, 7, and 6, respectively. BSMV and WSMV were not detected in any of the samples tested. BYSMV was purified from infected wheat plants, and the purified preparation had a UV 260:280 ratio of 1.18, typical of Rhabdoviruses. In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified virus preparation indicated the presence of 66, 47, and 15 kDa structural proteins, typical of the G, N and M proteins of Rhabdoviruses. In western blot, the 66 and 47 kDa protein bands reacted strongly with BYSMV antiserum. This is the first record of BYSMV infecting barley and wheat in Lebanon. References: (1) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994. (2) K. M. Makkouk and S. G. Kumari. Rachis Newsl. 12:24, 1993. (3) K. M. Makkouk and S. G. Kumari. Rachis Newsl. 16:74, 1997.

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Di, D. P., Y. L. Zhang, C. Yan, et al. "First Report of Barley yellow striate mosaic virus on Wheat in China." Plant Disease 98, no. 10 (2014): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-14-0579-pdn.

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In the spring of 2014, a survey of viral diseases on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was carried out in Hebei Province, China. The samples with virus-like symptoms of dwarfing and flag leaf yellowing were collected in Zhaoxian, Quyang, Anxin, and Luannan. To reproduce the viral symptoms and confirm whether the unknown virus was transmitted by insect vectors, the nymphs of aviruliferous planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallen, Homoptera: Delphacidae) were transferred onto diseased wheat from the field for a 3-day acquisition access period and a 10-day incubation on fresh wheat seedlings, and then were exposed to 2- to 3-leaf stage wheat seedlings of wheat variety Shixin828 for a 3-day inoculation access period. The infected wheat plants developed mosaic symptoms on the young leaves at 7 days post inoculation (dpi), and followed with severe symptoms including stunting, chlorotic spots, and striation along the veins of leaves at around 14 dpi. The infection symptoms were same as in the field but distinct from wheat infected with Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) or Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV). For further confirmation, total RNA was extracted from the symptomatic wheat leaves, and NCMV specific primers, NCMV-PF/NCMV-PR (5′-ATGGATAAGAAAGCAAGTGGA-3′/5′-TTAAAAGTCGGCATACGGGTC-3′) and RBSDV specific primers, S10-F/S10-R (5′-TTACCCAACATCACGCAACT-3′/5′-GAGCAGGAACTTCACGACAAC-3′) were used for amplification of sequences of phosphoprotein and coat protein genes, respectively. Neither RBSDV nor NCMV were present in the symptomatic tissue according to the RT-PCR assay (4). Tissues derived from symptomatic wheat leaves were fixed and embedded in Spurr's resin and used for ultra-thin sectioning and transmission electron microscopy observations, revealing large amounts of Rhabdovirus-like particles in the cytoplasm. The identified particles were about 315 to 353 × 46 to 57 nm, similar in size to Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), a member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus reported from Italy (2). The specific primer pair (5′-ACTAAGGGGGTACTCCGACC-3′ and 5′-CTGATCTGCTTTGAGGGGCA-3′) was designed based on the reported polymerase (L) gene sequence of BYSMV isolate Zanjan-1 (GenBank Accession No. FJ665628) (1), and used for the BYSMV detection by RT-PCR. A single bright band of the expected size (~500 bp) was obtained from total RNA extracted from the plants exhibiting symptoms in the greenhouse. No such band was amplified from asymptomatic plants, while 15 out of 23 field samples also produced the same 500-bp products in RT-PCR. PCR products from three virus-positive field samples were sequenced directly and the sequences were submitted to GenBank (KM052176, KM052177, and KM052178). BLAST search showed that the sequences shared 96 to 97% nucleotide identity with the polymerase L gene sequence of BYSMV isolate Zanjan-1, whereas only 73 to 75% identity with NCMV (AB030277 and GU985153) (1,3,5). To our knowledge, this is the first report of BYSMV occurrence on wheat in China. References: (1) R. Almasi et al. J. Phytopathol. 158:351, 2010. (2) A. Appiano et al. Cytol. 6:105, 1974. (3) H. C. Chen et al. Sci. Agric. Sinica 3:64, 1980. (4) X. F. Duan et al. Acta Phytopathol. Sinica 40:337, 2010. (5) F. Tanno et al. Arch. Virol. 145:1373, 2000.

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Fránová, J., T. Sarkisova, H. Jakešová, and I. Koloniuk. "Molecular and biological properties of two putative new cytorhabdoviruses infecting Trifolium pratense." Plant Pathology 68, no. 7 (2019): 1276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13065.

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Bejerman, Nicolás, Ralf G. Dietzgen, and Humberto Debat. "Illuminating the Plant Rhabdovirus Landscape through Metatranscriptomics Data." Viruses 13, no. 7 (2021): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071304.

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Rhabdoviruses infect a large number of plant species and cause significant crop diseases. They have a negative-sense, single-stranded unsegmented or bisegmented RNA genome. The number of plant-associated rhabdovirid sequences has grown in the last few years in concert with the extensive use of high-throughput sequencing platforms. Here, we report the discovery of 27 novel rhabdovirus genomes associated with 25 different host plant species and one insect, which were hidden in public databases. These viral sequences were identified through homology searches in more than 3000 plant and insect transcriptomes from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) using known plant rhabdovirus sequences as the query. The identification, assembly and curation of raw SRA reads resulted in sixteen viral genome sequences with full-length coding regions and ten partial genomes. Highlights of the obtained sequences include viruses with unique and novel genome organizations among known plant rhabdoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that thirteen of the novel viruses were related to cytorhabdoviruses, one to alphanucleorhabdoviruses, five to betanucleorhabdoviruses, one to dichorhaviruses and seven to varicosaviruses. These findings resulted in the most complete phylogeny of plant rhabdoviruses to date and shed new light on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary landscape of this group of plant viruses. Furthermore, this study provided additional evidence for the complexity and diversity of plant rhabdovirus genomes and demonstrated that analyzing SRA public data provides an invaluable tool to accelerate virus discovery, gain evolutionary insights and refine virus taxonomy.

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Willie, Kristen, and Lucy R. Stewart. "Complete Genome Sequence of a New Maize-Associated Cytorhabdovirus." Genome Announcements 5, no. 31 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/genomea.00591-17.

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ABSTRACT A new 11,877-nucleotide cytorhabdovirus sequence with 6 open reading frames has been identified in a maize sample. It shares 50 and 51% genome-wide nucleotide sequence identity with northern cereal mosaic cytorhabdovirus and barley yellow striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus, respectively.

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Zhang, Song, Aijun Huang, Xin Zhou, et al. "Natural Defect of a Plant Rhabdovirus Glycoprotein Gene: A Case Study of Virus–Plant Coevolution." Phytopathology®, November 10, 2020, PHYTO—05–20–019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-20-0191-fi.

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Seven isolates of a putative cytorhabdovirus (family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales) designated as citrus-associated rhabdovirus (CiaRV) were identified in citrus, passion fruit, and paper bush from the same geographical area in China. CiaRV, bean-associated cytorhabdovirus (Brazil), and papaya virus E (Ecuador) should be taxonomically classified in the species Papaya cytorhabdovirus. Due to natural mutations, the glycoprotein (G) and P4 genes were impaired in citrus-infecting isolates of CiaRV, resulting in an atypical rhabdovirus genome organization of 3′ leader-N-P-P3-M-L-5′ trailer. The P3 protein of CiaRV shared a common origin with begomoviral movement proteins (family Geminiviridae). Secondary structure analysis and trans-complementation of movement-deficient tomato mosaic virus and potato virus X mutants by CiaRV P3 supported its function in viral cell-to-cell trafficking. The wide geographical dispersal of CiaRV and related viruses suggests an efficient transmission mechanism, as well as an underlying risk to global agriculture. Both the natural phenomenon and experimental analyses demonstrated presence of the “degraded” type of CiaRV in citrus, in parallel to “undegraded” types in other host plant species. This case study shows a plant virus losing the function of an important but nonessential gene, likely due to host shift and adaption, which deepened our understanding of course of natural viral diversification.

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Bolus, Stephen, Maher Al Rwahnih, Samuel C. Grinstead, and Dimitre Mollov. "Rose virus R, a cytorhabdovirus infecting rose." Archives of Virology, January 4, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04927-6.

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Zhang, Zhen-Jia, Qiang Gao, Xiao-Dong Fang, et al. "CCR4, a RNA decay factor, is hijacked by a plant cytorhabdovirus phosphoprotein to facilitate virus replication." eLife 9 (March 24, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.53753.

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Carbon catabolite repression 4 (CCR4) is a conserved mRNA deadenylase regulating posttranscriptional gene expression. However, regulation of CCR4 in virus infections is less understood. Here, we characterized a pro-viral role of CCR4 in replication of a plant cytorhabdovirus, Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV). The barley (Hordeum vulgare) CCR4 protein (HvCCR4) was identified to interact with the BYSMV phosphoprotein (P). The BYSMV P protein recruited HvCCR4 from processing bodies (PBs) into viroplasm-like bodies. Overexpression of HvCCR4 promoted BYSMV replication in plants. Conversely, knockdown of the small brown planthopper CCR4 inhibited viral accumulation in the insect vector. Biochemistry experiments revealed that HvCCR4 was recruited into N–RNA complexes by the BYSMV P protein and triggered turnover of N-bound cellular mRNAs, thereby releasing RNA-free N protein to bind viral genomic RNA for optimal viral replication. Our results demonstrate that the co-opted CCR4-mediated RNA decay facilitates cytorhabdovirus replication in plants and insects.

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Yang, Xin, Jilei Huang, Chuanhe Liu, Biao Chen, Tong Zhang, and Guohui Zhou. "Rice Stripe Mosaic Virus, a Novel Cytorhabdovirus Infecting Rice via Leafhopper Transmission." Frontiers in Microbiology 7 (January 4, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02140.

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"Strawberry crinkle virus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500936.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Strawberry crinkle virus Virus: Rhabdoviridae: Cytorhabdovirus Hosts: Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, UK, ASIA, China, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic, AFRICA, South Africa, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Mexico, USA, California, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Chile, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, Fiji, New Zealand.

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Kondo, Hideki, Naoto Yoshida, Miki Fujita, et al. "Identification of a Novel Quinvirus in the Family Betaflexiviridae That Infects Winter Wheat." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (August 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.715545.

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Yellow mosaic disease in winter wheat is usually attributed to the infection by bymoviruses or furoviruses; however, there is still limited information on whether other viral agents are also associated with this disease. To investigate the wheat viromes associated with yellow mosaic disease, we carried out de novo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of symptomatic and asymptomatic wheat-leaf samples obtained from a field in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2018 and 2019. The analyses revealed the infection by a novel betaflexivirus, which tentatively named wheat virus Q (WVQ), together with wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, a bymovirus) and northern cereal mosaic virus (a cytorhabdovirus). Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses showed that the WVQ strains (of which there are at least three) were related to the members of the genus Foveavirus in the subfamily Quinvirinae (family Betaflexiviridae). In the phylogenetic tree, they form a clade distant from that of the foveaviruses, suggesting that WVQ is a member of a novel genus in the Quinvirinae. Laboratory tests confirmed that WVQ, like WYMV, is potentially transmitted through the soil to wheat plants. WVQ was also found to infect rye plants grown in the same field. Moreover, WVQ-derived small interfering RNAs accumulated in the infected wheat plants, indicating that WVQ infection induces antiviral RNA silencing responses. Given its common coexistence with WYMV, the impact of WVQ infection on yellow mosaic disease in the field warrants detailed investigation.

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