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Kašparovská, Vlasta, Jana Laštůvková, and Luboš Střelec. "Is the exchange rate a factor of bank liquidity changes? Study of the Czech Republic." Society and Economy 38, no. 3 (September 2016): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/204.2016.38.3.5.
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The effect of the exchange rate is often discussed in connection with economic performance, net export and inflation rate. Within the context of current discussions, we aim to examine the influence of the CZK/EUR exchange rate on changes in liquid assets in the Czech banking sector. The scope of our examination also covers the effects of GDP, CPI, one-month PRIBOR rate and the effects of ten-year government bond yield. The selected period is 2003–2014; monthly data taken from the CNB ARAD database is used. To verify the effect of the monitored variables on liquid assets in the Czech banking sector, we employed the regression analysis methods applied on financial and economic time series. The results show the effect of the CZK/EUR exchange rate and PRIBOR on changes in the liquid assets of Czech banks. The paper analyzes the identified causes and connections, and discusses possible consequences.
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KRIZEK, David, and Josef BRCAK. "Support for export as a non-standard Central Bank policy: foreign exchange interventions in the case of the Czech Republic." Eastern Journal of European Studies 12, no. 1 (2021): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-0108.
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Shustek, Zbyshek. "Interesting documents on the convertibility of the Soviet currency during 1924 –1937." Ukrainian Numismatic Annual, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2017-1-165-172.
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In the framework of the New Economic Policy (NEP) and the currency reform of 1922-1924 the USSR currency was introduced, which was fully convertible into gold. Actually, the reform was supposed to re-introduce the old gold currency, which was in circulation in the Russian Empire before the beginning of the WWI. New Soviet copper and silver coins had the same metrological parameters as the corresponding coins before the war. Banknotes were really convenient abroad duringr 1924-1927 years and freely exchanged for other currencies, but promised to free convertibility of banknotes for gold coins has never been implemented. The reason of that was the golden blockade of the USSR and the refusal to accept these coins in the West. For this reason, the old 10-ruble coins with the portrait of Tsar Nicholas II had to continue to be minted. However, there are also internal reasons which prevented the planned exchange rate of the gold coins. The regulatory quota for issuing government bills for 500 million gold rubles was soon exceeded twice, which triggered the development of inflation. On October 1, 1926, the free export of banknotes abroad was prohibited, and in 1928 – also free entry into the USSR. Thus, the free convertibility of the new Soviet currency was abolished, and the Soviet currency became only internal. In this article we review and analyze internal instruction, which stated quite openly that the promised guarantees on new bank notes convertible into gold is in reality only a tactical maneuver relatively to other countries. From August 1, 1926, free export of the Soviet currency was prohibited in foreign countries and in 1928 it’s import from abroad. The Soviet government at that time has made some effort to foreigners who were in the USSR and were carrying Soviet money legally, they can freely convert. At the same time, this effort can be seen as an indication of the responsibility of the Soviet authorities for those who in a very short time provided free convertibility of the Soviet currency. This is evident from the passports of Czechoslovak citizens who have been visiting the USSR for 30 years. Whether its owners are not in the USSR, they were close to Soviet entry visa with a special stamp, followed by the Czech text: "Import and transfer of Soviet currency on the territory of the USSR provided to August 1, 1926". From the results obtained to date from the old passports it is not clear how the Soviet embassy began to give these stamps in the passports. Trips in the USSR were quite rare for foreigners in the interwar period. Exchange of foreign currencies in the USSR was very unprofitable for foreigners in the second half of the 1930's. However, the amount of the money received in rubles, had a much lower purchasing power than the equivalent amount in exchange currency abroad. Accordingly, in the Polish border areas of the USSR, the Soviet currency was offered much cheaper on the black market. But modern authors have noted that any purchase of Soviet money was very risky, as black markets were well controlled by the Soviet secret services. Consequently, all these documents show that the Soviet currency was very uncertain in the interwar period.
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Mirdala, Rajmund. "Interest rate transmission mechanism of monetary policy in the selected EMU candidate countries." Panoeconomicus 56, no. 3 (2009): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0903359m.
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The stable macroeconomic environment, as one of the primary objectives of the Visegrad countries in the 1990s, was partially supported by the exchange rate policy. Fixed exchange rate systems within gradually widen bands (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic) and crawling peg system (Hungary, Poland) were replaced by the managed floating in the Czech Republic (May 1997), Poland (April 2000), Slovak Republic (October 1998) and fixed exchange rate to euro in Hungary (January 2000) with broad band (October 2001). Higher macroeconomic and banking sector stability allowed countries from the Visegrad group to implement the monetary policy strategy based on the interest rate transmission mechanism. Continuous harmonization of the monetary policy framework (with the monetary policy of the ECB) and the increasing sensitivity of the economy agents to the interest rates changes allowed the central banks from the Visegrad countries to implement monetary policy strategy based on the key interest rates determination. In the paper we analyze the impact of the central banks' monetary policy in the Visegrad countries on the selected macroeconomic variables in the period 1999-2008 implementing SVAR (structural vector autoregression) approach. We expect that higher sensitivity of domestic variables to interest rates shocks can be interpreted as a convergence of monetary policies in candidate countries towards the ECB's monetary policy.
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Ostrý, Svatopluk, Ivana Štětkářová, Jaroslav Korsa, and Josef Bednařík. "Czech Neurological Society ČLS JEP expert opinion for primary care management of acute low back pain." Medicína pro praxi 17, no. 5 (January 5, 2021): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/med.2020.064.
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Eilifsen, Aasmund, W. Robert Knechel, and Philip Wallage. "Application of the Business Risk Audit Model: A Field Study." Accounting Horizons 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2001.15.3.193.
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After confronting unprecedented challenges in the last decade, accounting firms have undertaken extensive effort to improve the basic financial statement audit and to expand external assurance beyond the traditional audit. The re-examination of audit methods has produced a new emphasis on assessing business and process risks in the conduct of an audit. This paper describes the fundamental changes in the audit process and examines their impact in an actual engagement. We first identify outcomes that we expect to observe in an audit based on the business risk model and then study an actual engagement to gather preliminary evidence about our expectations. The engagement used in this study is the 1997 audit of the Czech bank Cˇeskoslovenska´ Obchodni´ Banka (CˇSOB). Important observations about the new audit process included changes to the audit team structure, changes in administration and timing of the engagement, changes in the risks addressed during the audit and the evidence gathered, increased assurance to the client, and increased opportunities for value-added services. Although the generalization of results from a field study is constrained, this study identifies expectations and effects that can be examined in future larger sample studies.
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Bera, Mohan Kumar, and Petr Daněk. "The perception of risk in the flood-prone area: a case study from the Czech municipality." Disaster Prevention and Management 27, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2017-0004.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the risk perceptions and activities of people to reduce impacts of disaster. Design/methodology/approach Case study research has been conducted in village Podhradí nad Dyjí in the Dyje river basin in Czech Republic. Villagers from different age groups, experts, NGO members have been interviewed to understand people’s perceptions of flood risks and their actions. Findings The research has found that changing flood insurance policy influenced people’s risk perception. There is also increasing self-dependency among people to reduce impacts of disaster. They come together to support each other and develop collectivities in managing disaster. People’s actions and willingness to participate in disaster management activities change with distance from the river bank. Research limitations/implications The village identified for the case study research has been affected by floods after implementation of the Crisis Management Act No. 240/2000 Coll. The findings of the study are influenced by geographical location of the municipality and cannot be generalised in the Czech Republic. Practical implications The research has listed physical as well as socio-economic and cultural indicators of risk perception in the Czech Republic. These indicators and outcomes should help to assess and identify the gaps in reducing impacts of floods. Originality/value The study has revealed the interconnection between physical, socio-economic, and cultural factors of risk perception after implementing the Crisis Management Act No. 240/2000 Coll. and changing strategies in disaster management in the Czech Republic.
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Ostrý, Svatopluk, Ivana Štětkářová, Jaroslan Korsa, and Josef Bednařík. ""Czech Neurological Society CMA JEP expert opinion for primary care management of acute low back pain in adults"." Česká a slovenská neurologie a neurochirurgie 83/116, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/cccsnn2020659.
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Mohr, P., and I. Tuma. "Compulsory Hospitalization, Involuntary Treatment and Guardianship in Czech Republic." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70396-7.
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The Czech law related to compulsory hospitalization dates back to 1966, but it has been revised several times. Besides having mental illness as a criterion for compulsory admission, the law requires the criterion that the patient may only be committed to the hospital, if he is an acute danger to himself and/or others. The Czech law does not accept the criterion that patient may be committed, if there is a danger to his health or if his behavior is not accepted to the community. The law does not specify the type of psychiatric illness required for a person to be committed. A patient admitted voluntarily to a psychiatric ward can be subsequently detained if he fulfilled the criteria of the law. The psychiatrist must examine the patient, decide and apply for commitment. The court has to be notified of compulsory admission in period of 24 hours. The detention is decided by judge in seven days. The detention could last up to 3 months then should be reevaluated by court. Appeals or complaints regarding compulsory acts are referred to the court by guardian or patient himself. A competence proceeding and the appointment of a guardian is considered in the case of demented, retarded, and in some cases of psychotic people. At issue is whether such people are capable of managing their own affairs, to make sound judgment-to weigh, to reason, and to make reasonable decision. Incompetence is decided by judge. Expert psychiatric witnesses play a role in determining the level of incompetence. The court appoints a guardian.
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Tostões, Ana, Ivo Hammer, and Zara Ferreira. "The Re-birth of the Tugendhat House." Heritage of Mies, no. 56 (2017): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/56.a.pn6s7pfn.
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Following a thorough and pioneering conservation-science study, the Tugendhat House was restored between 2010 and 2012. The house of Greta and Fritz Tugendhat, in Brno, designed by Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich (1928-1929), is the single example of modern architecture in the Czech Republic inscribed in the list of UNESCO World Cultural Heritage sites. After an intense and dramatic life with different uses, the house received an outstanding restoration which brought back its original form, space and materiality, and was opened to the public as a House-Museum. This paper aims to bring light to this fascinating story based on the book Tugendhat House. Ludwig Mies van der Rohle by Daniela Hammer-Tugendhat, Ivo Hammer and Wolf Tegethoff (Basel, Birkhäuser Verlag GmbH, 2015), namely on Daniela Hammer-Tugendhat statements and on the experience of the members of the International Expert Advisory Commission THICOM.
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Serezhnikova, Daria S. "Iron household items with cutlers’ marks from excavations in Veliky Novgorod 13th – the first half of the 15th century." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 186 (2020): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-186-175-182.
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Experts in the blacksmithing of Ancient Russia have long been interested in iron household items with cutlers’ marks, such as knives and scissors. The research literature has already reviewed similar findings from Moscow, Tver, Torzhok, Pskov, Smolensk and Izborsk. In this study for the first time assembled, described and dated all iron knives and scissors with cutlers’ marks identified in the archaeological collection of Veliky Novgorod. All cutlers marks have been analyzed, and almost all have analogies in medieval Western European material. Almost all types of cutlers’ marks that are represented on Novgorod items are found on knives, and sometimes on swords or falchions found on the territory of Poland, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and England. There are similar cutlers’ marks on the territory of Ancient Russia, but in much smaller numbers. All items marked with the cutlers’ marks are products of Western European production, the old Russian blacksmiths did not practice branding their products. Most items with cutlers’ marks were brought to Novgorod from Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany. Individual items could get to Novgorod and from England through Hanseatic merchants. Items with cutlers’ marks found during excavations in Veliky Novgorod date back to the 13th – first half of 15th centuries.
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Komenda, Martin, Vojtěch Bulhart, Matěj Karolyi, Jiří Jarkovský, Jan Mužík, Ondřej Májek, Lenka Šnajdrová, et al. "Complex Reporting of the COVID-19 Epidemic in the Czech Republic: Use of an Interactive Web-Based App in Practice." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): e19367. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19367.
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Background The beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic dates back to December 31, 2019, when the first cases were reported in the People’s Republic of China. In the Czech Republic, the first three cases of infection with the novel coronavirus were confirmed on March 1, 2020. The joint effort of state authorities and researchers gave rise to a unique team, which combines methodical knowledge of real-world processes with the know-how needed for effective processing, analysis, and online visualization of data. Objective Due to an urgent need for a tool that presents important reports based on valid data sources, a team of government experts and researchers focused on the design and development of a web app intended to provide a regularly updated overview of COVID-19 epidemiology in the Czech Republic to the general population. Methods The cross-industry standard process for data mining model was chosen for the complex solution of analytical processing and visualization of data that provides validated information on the COVID-19 epidemic across the Czech Republic. Great emphasis was put on the understanding and a correct implementation of all six steps (business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modelling, evaluation, and deployment) needed in the process, including the infrastructure of a nationwide information system; the methodological setting of communication channels between all involved stakeholders; and data collection, processing, analysis, validation, and visualization. Results The web-based overview of the current spread of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic has been developed as an online platform providing a set of outputs in the form of tables, graphs, and maps intended for the general public. On March 12, 2020, the first version of the web portal, containing fourteen overviews divided into five topical sections, was released. The web portal’s primary objective is to publish a well-arranged visualization and clear explanation of basic information consisting of the overall numbers of performed tests, confirmed cases of COVID-19, COVID-19-related deaths, the daily and cumulative overviews of people with a positive COVID-19 case, performed tests, location and country of infection of people with a positive COVID-19 case, hospitalizations of patients with COVID-19, and distribution of personal protective equipment. Conclusions The online interactive overview of the current spread of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic was launched on March 11, 2020, and has immediately become the primary communication channel employed by the health care sector to present the current situation regarding the COVID-19 epidemic. This complex reporting of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic also shows an effective way to interconnect knowledge held by various specialists, such as regional and national methodology experts (who report positive cases of the disease on a daily basis), with knowledge held by developers of central registries, analysts, developers of web apps, and leaders in the health care sector.
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Podmaková Ú, Dagmar. "From a Single Presentation of Poetry Up to Its Stylized Stage Image in the Form of Theatre Performance." Slovenske divadlo /The Slovak Theatre 65, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 172–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sd-2017-0011.
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Abstract In the 1940s the Drama Company of the Slovak National Theatre introduced four poetry productions, which demonstrated the stage potential of the symbiosis of verse and a music-accompanied recitation in an original stage design solution. The single presentation of poetry of Poézia revolúcie a boja [The Poetry of Revolution and Fight, 1945] directed by Ján Jamnický and Pásmo poézie Janka Jesenského [The Show of Poetry by Janko Jesenský, 1946] directed by Jozef Budský were the first independent attempts at staging selected poetry. Besides recitation, they were dominated by the visual sign, powerful music sometimes accompanied by the singing of individuals and a voice band, and distinctive lighting design. Botto’s Smrť Jánošíkova [The Death of Jánošík] and Sládkovič’s Marína (both in 1948) directed by Jozef Budský displayed all features of synthetic theatre, combining recitation, voice band singing, scenic and visual solutions, metaphor, originally composed music inspired by the folk song, dance, film screening, and meaningful lighting. Jozef Budský indirectly built on Czech theatre, particularly on E. F. Burian. Both masterpieces by the authors of Štúr’s generation (Ján Botto, Andrej Sládkovič) aroused the interest of the expert public and the audience. It triggered arguments about excessive directorial intervention and insufficient ideological character, especially in the theatre form of Marína.
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Koźmiński, Krzysztof. "Bank loans denominated and indexed to foreign currency ‒ a Polish, Ukrainian or Europe-Wide problem?" Studia Iuridica 71 (November 20, 2017): 117–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5817.
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The institution of a bank mortgage denominated/indexed to foreign currency (referred to generally and not very precisely as “foreign currency loan” or “loan adjusted to foreign currency”) is an instrument commonly used by a broad group of citizens of European states for acquiring capital with a view to purchasing a housing unit. Until recently, such loans were popular not only in Poland and other countries belonging to the so-called “New Union” (those whose accession took place within the last decade or so: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Hungary and Croatia), Austria, Spain, Italy, Portugal, but also outside of the borders of the Union: in Russia, Serbia and Ukraine (however, one difference was the currency in which obligations were evaluated – whilst loans in EU countries were dominated by the Swiss Franc, Ukrainian lendees more frequently relied upon loans “adjusted” to the U.S. dollar). Regardless of differences persisting in legislative regimes, peculiarities of national legal systems and local economic and social conditions, in all those countries doubts have arisen whether a drastic change in currency rate (which results in an obligation to pay off a loan on conditions much less attractive than beforehand) constitutes a legally relevant circumstance that could permit one to release oneself from having to perform one’s contractual duties or, at least, facilitate granting some relief in fulfilling increasingly more onerous obligations towards banks. To discuss the permissibility and legal aspects of foreign currency loan contracts is complicated not only from the juridical point of view, but is also of interest to society, politics and economics. Still, the problem attracts strong emotions, particularly among lendees who took out a foreign currency loan and now feel deceived due to a change of the currency rate. The lendees and their organizations often expect involvement, particularly from EU bodies, where, in their estimation, domestic authorities have failed or “succumbed to the banking lobby”. Unfortunately, having observed the course of events over the last several years, one may surmise that the low number of judgments in cases concerning denominated bank loans, and especially the sceptical approach of the Court of Justice, have generated a lot of disappointment.
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Melter, J., G. Pazdrova, F. Janku, Z. Kleibl, J. Novotny, and L. Petruzelka. "The analysis of NBS-1 gene mutation [657del(5)] in exon 6 in the population of 472 sporadic breast cancer patients in the Czech Republic." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 20087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.20087.
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20087 Background: Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) caused by mutation [657del(5)] in exon 6 of NBS-1 is an autosomal recessive disorder with microcephaly, immunodeficiency, radiosensitivity, and predisposition to lymphoid malignancies. Recently, high frequency of NBS-1 mutation was found in some Slavic populations. Because NBS-1 heterozygotes may have high incidence of neoplastic changes, there is an urgent need to clarify the role of NBS-1 mutation in breast cancer carcinogenesis. Methods: We analyzed the NBS-1 status in 472 sporadic breast cancer patients treated in the Department of Oncology, Charles University Prague. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood monocytes. Subsequently two PCRs for each sample were carried out. Reaction was visualized using electrophoresis on agarose gel. Agarose gel wells with both the NBS-1 gene-specific band and internal control band were interpreted as positive. Wells with internal control only were interpreted as negative. PCR from samples giving neither an internal control band nor specific band were repeated. DNA samples obtained from a previously typed NBS family were used as a positive control. Results: Based on previously published data we expect to find at least 5 mutation carriers. Surprisingly, in our population of 472 subjects there was no mutation identified. Conclusions: Based on results of this study there is no relationship between NBS-1 mutation and breast cancer incidence. Acknowledgment: The study was supported in part by the RASO grant from Czech Society of Oncology, and MSM0021620808. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Miśkiewicz, Radosław. "The Impact of Innovation and Information Technology on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case of the Visegrád Countries." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14020059.
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The rapid growth of negative consequences from climate changes provokes divergent effects in all economic sectors. The experts proved that a core catalyst which bootstrapped the climate changes was greenhouse gas emission. This has led to a range of social, economic, and ecological issues. Such issues could be solved by extending innovation and information technology. This paper aimed to check the hypothesis that innovation and information technology allowed for a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The author used such methodology as OLS, fully modified OLS (FMOLS), dynamic OLS (DMOLS), Dicky-Fuller and Phillips-Perron tests. The research is informed by the report of the World Economic Forum, World Data Bank, Eurostat for the Visegrád countries (Hungary, Poland, Check Republic, Slovakia) for the period of 2000–2019. The findings were confirmed in models without control variables, and an increase of 1% of patents led to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 0.28% for Poland, 0.28% for Hungary, 0.38% for the Slovak Republic and 0.46% for the Czech Republic. At the same time, for the models with control variables, only Hungary experienced a statistically significant impact. There, an increase of patents by 1% led to reduction of GHG emissions by 0.22%. The variable R&D expenditure was statistically significant for all countries and all types of models (with and without control variables). The increase of R&D expenditure provoked a decline of GHG emissions by 0.29% (without control variables) and 0.11% (with control variables) for Poland, by 0.26% (without control variables) and 0.41% (with control variables) for Hungary, by 0.3% (without control variables) and 0.23% (with control variables) for the Slovak Republic and by 0.54% (without control variables) and 0.38% (with control variables) for the Czech Republic.
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Boyanov, M. A., E. Czerwinski, A. Shinkov, V. Palička, P. Lakatos, C. Poiana, J. Payer, et al. "Patterns in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Men: A Questionnaire-based Survey in Central and Eastern European Countries." Acta Medica Bulgarica 44, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amb-2017-0017.
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SummaryTo assess the current practice patterns in the diagnosis and treatment of male osteoporosis based on questionnaires. Questionnaires were presented and filled out by osteoporosis experts from Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Russia. The questions included focused on the proportion of male referrals to DXA, the main reasons for referral, the preferred measurement sites and reference database, the definition of male osteoporosis, needed laboratory investigations, data on calcium and vitamin D supplementation as well as on treatment modalities and their reimbursement rate. Men comprised 5 to 10% of all DXA referrals. The main reasons for referral were low back pain and fractures. Most of the respondents used the International male reference database. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was based mainly on a T-score below −2.5 after the age of 50, but a few respondents added fractures as a necessary condition. Only 1/3 of men visiting DXA sites are expected to have normal BMD. A consensus for the use of laboratory investigations in male osteoporosis is practically lacking. Treatment modalities include alendronate, risedronate, zoledronate, denosumab, rhPTH and strontium (with some restrictions for the latter three). Data on treatment adherence and persistence are generally lacking except for Austria, Romania and Slovakia. The levels of reimbursement vary a lot across countries. Osteoporosis in men is an under-recognized problem in CEE countries, leading to a tremendous gap in the diagnosis and treatment.
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Woo, Ho-Geol, Yoon-Kyung Chang, Ji-Sung Lee, and Tae-Jin Song. "Association of Periodontal Disease with the Occurrence of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm among Adults in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //." Medicina 57, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090910.
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Background and Objectives: Cerebral aneurysms can cause disability or death during rupture, but information on the etiology of cerebral aneurysms is currently lacking. Periodontal disease causes both systemic inflammation and local inflammation of the oral cavity. Systemic inflammation is a major cause of cerebral aneurysms. The aim of our study was to determine whether the presence of periodontal disease is related to the occurrence of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in a nationwide population-based cohort. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data on demographics, previous medical history, and laboratory test results of 209,620 participants from the Korean National Health Insurance System-Health Screening Cohort. The presence of periodontal disease and oral hygiene parameters, including the number of lost teeth, tooth brushing frequency per day, dental visits for any reason, and expert teeth scaling, were investigated. The occurrences of unruptured cerebral aneurysms (I67.1) were defined according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases Related Health Problems-10. Results: The mean age of the participants was 53.7 ± 8.7 years, and 59.4% were male. Periodontal disease was found in 20.9% of the participants. A total of 2160 (1.0%) cases of unruptured cerebral aneurysms developed after 10.3 years of median follow up. In multivariate analysis, the presence of periodontal disease was significantly associated with an increased risk of unruptured cerebral aneurysms (hazard ratio: 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.09–1.34, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The presence of periodontal disease could be associated with the occurrence of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. It should be noted that when periodontal diseases are present, the risk of aneurysms is increased in the future.
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Taneski, Zvonko. "Current Status and Contemporary Academic Perspectives of Comparative Literature in Slovakia." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.4.
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The paper seeks to offer an expert examination and brief overview of the development of Literary Comparison as a separate scientific discipline in the Slovak Republic, to present its current status and to consider the possibilities for its further realization in the future. The beginnings of Literary Comparison understood as a methodological paradigm in Slovakia can be traced back to the early works of Mikuláš Bakoš from the early second half of the twentieth century, whose primary researches are in the domain of historical poetics, formalism and structuralism. Decades later, the well-known Slovak theorist Dionýz Ďurišin reflects, and at the same time creatively shapes the postulates of his papers by building on his already well-known theory of special inter-literary communities, inter-literary centers and of characteristics of the inter-literary process. Drawing on national literature as a concept, Dionýz Ďurišin develops a whole theoretical model of rethinking world literature, and his terminological categories also inspire the academic sculptor Ludwig Korkoš, who “revives” them in an artistic way in the nineties of the 20th century. Today, in the Slovak Republic there is a Center for Research on the Heritage of Dionýz Ďurišin at the Faculty of Pedagogy at Comenius University Bratislava under the leadership of prof. Maria Bátorová; while the subject of Literary Comparatics is taught as a compulsory subject at the Faculty of Arts at the same University in Bratislava under the guidance of prof. Zvonko Taneski, and also an elective at the Universities “Constantine the Philosopher” in Nitra, “Matej Bel” in Banska Bystrica and “Pavol Jozef Šafárik” in Prešov. In 2015, the Czech-Slovak Association for Comparative Literature was formed, which recently became a full member of the International Association for Comparative Literature AILC / ICLA. The Slovak headquarters of the Association are at the Institute of World Literature at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, and the president of the Slovak section of the same Association is prof. Róbert Gáfrik. The Association organizes domestic scientific conferences and congresses and regularly participates in appropriate scientific symposia abroad. In the last decade new representative collections have been published devoted to literary comparison in several academic centers in Slovakia. A good platform for presenting and publishing new posters from comparative literary science has become the prestigious scientific journal World Literature Studies, which is periodically published by the Institute of World Literature in Bratislava, and its status and prospects are growing as the magazine is registered, i.e. indexed in several important world scientific databases.
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Taneski, Zvonko. "Current Status and Contemporary Academic Perspectives of Comparative Literature in Slovakia." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.4.
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The paper seeks to offer an expert examination and brief overview of the development of Literary Comparison as a separate scientific discipline in the Slovak Republic, to present its current status and to consider the possibilities for its further realization in the future. The beginnings of Literary Comparison understood as a methodological paradigm in Slovakia can be traced back to the early works of Mikuláš Bakoš from the early second half of the twentieth century, whose primary researches are in the domain of historical poetics, formalism and structuralism. Decades later, the well-known Slovak theorist Dionýz Ďurišin reflects, and at the same time creatively shapes the postulates of his papers by building on his already well-known theory of special inter-literary communities, inter-literary centers and of characteristics of the inter-literary process. Drawing on national literature as a concept, Dionýz Ďurišin develops a whole theoretical model of rethinking world literature, and his terminological categories also inspire the academic sculptor Ludwig Korkoš, who “revives” them in an artistic way in the nineties of the 20th century. Today, in the Slovak Republic there is a Center for Research on the Heritage of Dionýz Ďurišin at the Faculty of Pedagogy at Comenius University Bratislava under the leadership of prof. Maria Bátorová; while the subject of Literary Comparatics is taught as a compulsory subject at the Faculty of Arts at the same University in Bratislava under the guidance of prof. Zvonko Taneski, and also an elective at the Universities “Constantine the Philosopher” in Nitra, “Matej Bel” in Banska Bystrica and “Pavol Jozef Šafárik” in Prešov. In 2015, the Czech-Slovak Association for Comparative Literature was formed, which recently became a full member of the International Association for Comparative Literature AILC / ICLA. The Slovak headquarters of the Association are at the Institute of World Literature at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, and the president of the Slovak section of the same Association is prof. Róbert Gáfrik. The Association organizes domestic scientific conferences and congresses and regularly participates in appropriate scientific symposia abroad. In the last decade new representative collections have been published devoted to literary comparison in several academic centers in Slovakia. A good platform for presenting and publishing new posters from comparative literary science has become the prestigious scientific journal World Literature Studies, which is periodically published by the Institute of World Literature in Bratislava, and its status and prospects are growing as the magazine is registered, i.e. indexed in several important world scientific databases.
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Janáček, Kamil, Martin Čihák, Marie Frýdmanová, Tomáš Holub, and Eva Zamrazilová. "Czech economy at the beginning of 1997." Prague Economic Papers 6, no. 2 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.123.
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Czech GDP growth in 1996 failed to reach the rates expected by most domestic and foreign experts and institutions. Compared to initial forecasts which ranged between 5.0 and 5.5 %, the actual growth of real GDP fell short by roughly 1 percentage point: we expect the final GDP growth figure to be within 4.1 - 4.4 %. Private consumption and fixed investment were the main factors of GDP growth in 1996. A gap persisted between domestic supply and domestic demand; the gap tended to be relatively stable and was covered by a fast increase of imports of goods and services. <p>The slowdown of GDP growth was caused by several factors, prominent among them are: a sizeable slowdown of export; lack of ability to launch a more dynamic export effort; nominal appreciation of the Czech currency against both the DEM and the USD; a decelerating effect of the measures taken by the Czech National Bank in mid 1996, when monetary policy turned from neutral to restrictive.
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Janáček, Kamil, Martin Čihák, Marie Frýdmanová, Tomáš Holub, and Eva Zamrazilová. "Czech economy on a way back to growth." Prague Economic Papers 9, no. 2 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.70.
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The paper contains an analysis of the current trends in the Czech economy, and a short-term outlook for 2000. The authors claim that the economy is going through a gradual turn from recession to stagnation and to a slight recovery. The main factors of the turn toward revival are exports, followed by private household consumption, while government consumption contributed only slightly to the increase of domestic demand. The authors see the main potential risk for the year 2000 in the need to stabilise economic growth and achieve its further acceleration. The success will mainly depend on a fast removal of financial barriers which the majority of Czech firms is now facing. Further inflow of foreign capital, growing competition pressures in the financial sector, the growth of exports, and a gradual increase of domestic demand are likely to help to overcome these barriers.