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Journal articles on the topic 'Czech-Moravian Highlands'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Neustupa, Jiří, Yvonne Němcová, and Tomáš Kalina. "Silica-scaled Chrysophytes of Southern Bohemia and Českomoravská vrchovina (Czech-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic)." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 102 (August 1, 2001): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/102/2001/23.

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Pichrtova, Martina, Magda Rezacova-Skaloudova, and Pavel Skaloud. "The silica-scaled chrysophytes of the Czech-Moravian Highlands." Fottea 7, no. 1 (2007): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/fot.2007.004.

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Sukop, Ivo, Jan Šťastný, Tomáš Vítek, and Tomáš Brabec. "Hydrobiological study of the small stream on the Czech–Moravian Highlands." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 4 (2010): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058040213.

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Zoobenthos of the Fryšávka Rivulet was investigated in the years 2007–2008. Research included also physico-chemical factors of water (temperature, pH, conductivity, oxygen saturation). Altogether, 144 taxa of zoobenthos were determined in the Fryšávka Rivulet: Coelenterata (1 taxon), Turbellaria (1 taxon), Oligochaeta (6 taxa), Hirudinea (1 taxon), Mollusca (5 taxa), Amphipoda (1 taxon), Decapoda (1 taxon), Acari (1 taxon), Ephemeroptera (18 taxa), Plecoptera (18 taxa), Heteroptera (1 taxon), Megaloptera (1 taxon), Planipennia (1 taxon), Trichoptera (36 taxa), Coleoptera (8 taxa), Diptera (44 taxa). Altogether, 76 taxa of zoobenthos were determined in Medlovka brook: Coelenterata (1 taxon), Turbellaria (1 taxon), Oligochaeta (2 taxa), Mollusca (1 taxon), Isopoda (1 taxon), Amphipoda (1 taxon), Acari (1 taxon), Ephemeroptera (14 taxa), Plecoptera (8 taxa), Megaloptera (1 taxon), Trichoptera (17 taxa), Coleoptera (6 taxa), Diptera (22 taxa).The average abundance of zoobenthos of the Fryšávka Rivulet was 3208 ind.m−2, the average biomass was 7.5 g . m−2, respectively. The same values for the Medlovka brook were: abundance 3238 ind.m−2 and biomass 5.8 g . m−2. The average value of the saprobic index for the whole Fryšávka Rivulet was 1.25 (oligosaprobity), for the Medlovka brook 1.42 (oligosaprobity).

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Bezděčková, Klára, Pavel Bezděčka, Ján Macek, and Igor Malenovský. "Catalogue of type specimens of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) deposited in Czech museums." Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57, no. 1 (2017): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0076.

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Type specimens of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) deposited in natural history museum collections in the Czech Republic are catalogued. Altogether, we list types of 19 extant taxa housed in the Department of Entomology, National Museum, Prague; the Department of Entomology, Moravian Museum, Brno; the Department of Natural History, Museum of the Highlands, Jihlava; and the Department of Natural History, Silesian Museum, Opava.

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Lacina, Jan, and Petr Halas. "Landscape Painting in Evaluation of Changes in Landscape." Journal of Landscape Ecology 8, no. 2 (2015): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2015-0009.

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Abstract One of common methods of determining landscape change usually is to compare maps and photographic images of the same places in different time horizons. Landscape painting, which has a long and rich tradition in the Czech Republic, can be used similarly. Landscape-ecological interpretation of selected works by painters of the 19th century - Julius Mařák, František Kaván and Antonín Slavíček was done in this paper. Some pictures of the Českomoravská vrchovina (Bohemian-Moravian highlands) by Josef Jambor from the mid-20th century were used for detailed comparative analysis to the level of habitats. We compared 80 landscape paintings and found that most of the painted sceneries have changed for worse.

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Kroča, Jiří. "Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Javorníky Mts (Czech Republic)." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 65, no. 2 (2016): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cszma-2016-0014.

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Abstract The investigation of three streams in the Moravian part of the Javorníky Mts in 2003 and 2006–2009 brings the first records of Plecoptera in these mountains. A total of 28 species and were found (30 % of the recent fauna of the Czech Republic), among which species of the upper parts of streams predominate. This result corresponds to the nature of the habitat on which researches have been carried out. One endangered species (Leuctra cf. major), two vulnerable species (Dinocras cephalotes, Perla marginata) and one near threatened species (Leuctra quadrimaculata) were recorded. Comparing the recorded species to those of the neighbouring mountains, it can be assumed that the fauna of stoneflies of the Javorníky Mts may contain more than 40 species and can form a continuous transition between the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts and the Bílé Karpaty Mts (including the Vizovická vrchovina Highlands).

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Kozumplíková, Alice, Žaneta Kalasová, and Ilja Vyskot. "Drought and its impact on the bio-production of forests." Ecocycles 7, no. 1 (2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19040/ecocycles.v7i1.186.

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The precipitation deficit, heat waves and subsequent drought significantly affected the forests in the Czech Republic. Primarily, forests were affected by physiological insufficiency and later by biotic and abiotic factors. On the initiative of the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic, a study of the condition and damage of forest functions in the model area was formulated. The study was aimed at the model locality of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, especially the forest management unit of the Da?ice municipality (South Bohemian Region). The study uses certified national methodologies for evaluating forest function damage (Vyskot et al. 2003; Vyskot et al. 2014). This paper specifies the state and damage of the bio-production function depending on the represented forest management groups, stand types of woody plants and age phases of stands, in terms of value (in %) and finance in Czech koruna (CZK, the currency of the Czech Republic). In particular, spruce stands and their dominant mixtures of non-matured and fully matured trees were affected by major damage of a destructive nature. Due to the changed ecosystem conditions, a modified concept of forest management was proposed.

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Kolejka, Jaromír, Martin Klimánek, Stanislav Martinát, and Aleš Ruda. "Delineation of post-industrial landscapes of the Upper Silesian corridor in the Basin of Ostrava." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 1, no. 3 (2013): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0016.

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Abstract The post-industrial landscapes represent a legacy of the industrial revolution. There have been gradually formed numerous enterprises of various industry branches on the territory between Czech-Polish border in the North and Moravian-Silesian Beskydes Mts. (a part of Carpathians) in the South (the western border follows the foothills of Hercynian Bohemian Highlands). In the given study, there are demonstrated examples of the post-industrial landscape in the concerned area of Ostrava, which is a part of the so called Upper Silesian industrial corridor that is intensively linking industrialized region of Upper Silesia in Poland and the Czech Republic with other developed regions of Europe to southwest through the Moravian Gate to the Danube region. This paper demonstrates the procedure for defining the post-industrial landscapes in general, their classification and standardization using the available data sources and GIS technology. For the processing the data of the deployment of brownfields, contaminated sites, industrial constructions of architectural heritage, mining points and areas, human made landforms, industrial and landfill sites etc. were used. They document the genesis, the territorial shape and the geographic position of the post-industrial landscape in the study region. In the concerned area of Ostrava four “rural” post-industrial landscapes were identified and classified into three different genetic types. This paper also presents a methodology for identifying, mapping and classification of post-industrial landscapes on the basis of publicly available and state-managed databases.

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Fischer, Milan, Miroslav Trnka, Jiří Kučera, et al. "Evapotranspiration of a high-density poplar stand in comparison with a reference grass cover in the Czech–Moravian Highlands." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 181 (November 2013): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.07.004.

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Fischer, Milan, Miroslav Trnka, Jiří Kučera, Martin Fajman, and Zdeněk Žalud. "Biomass productivity and water use relation in short rotation poplar coppice (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) in the conditions of Czech Moravian Highlands." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 6 (2011): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159060141.

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The plantations of short rotation coppice (SRC) usually based on poplar or willow species are promising source of biomass for energy use. To contribute to decision-making process where to establish the plantations we evaluated the water consumption and its relation to biomass yields of poplar hybrid clone J-105 (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) in representative conditions for Czech-Moravian Highlands. Water availability is usually considered as one of the main constraints of profitable SRC culture and therefore we focused on analyzing of the linkage between the aboveground biomass increments and the total stand actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and on water use efficiency of production (WUEP). During the seasons 2008 and 2009 the total stand ETa measured by Bowen ratio energy balance system constructed above poplar canopy and the stem diameter increments of randomly chosen sample trees were examined. The stem diameters were subsequently converted to total aboveground biomass (AB) by allometric equation obtained by destructive analysis at the beginning of 2010. The biomass volume and its increment of particular trees were subsequently converted to the whole canopy growth and correlated with the ETa values. Our results revealed that there was a statistically significant relation between water lost and biomass growth with coefficients of determination r2 0.96 and 0.51 in 2008 and 2009 respectively. By using multiple linear regression analysis additionally accounting for effect of precipitation events and thermal time (sums of effective temperatures above +5 °C) the AB growth was explained from 98 and 87% in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Therefore for further analysis the multiple linear regression model was applied. The dynamic of seasonal WUEP (expressed as gram of AB dry matter per thousand grams of water) reached up to 6.2 and 6.8 g kg−1 with means 3.13 and 3.54 g kg−1 in both executed years respectively. These values are situated in higher range comparing to the other broadleaved tree species of temperate climate zone and suggest that economically profitable plantation (defined by yield at least in the range of 10–12 Mg ha−1 year−1 of dry matter content) will consume more than 450–500 mm per growing season and thus will demand a locality with higher and adequately temporally distributed amount of precipitation especially in rain fed areas such as the discussed Czech-Moravian Highlands.

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Mrkvička, J., and M. Veselá. "Influence of fertilization rates on species composition, quality and yields of the meadow fodder." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 11 (2011): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4402-pse.

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Four variants in four replications were studied on permanent meadow stand on Czech and Moravian highlands. The altitude a.s.l. is 485 m, original growth type was Dactylidetum, association Trifolio-Festucetum rubrae. Four variants: control (without fertilization), 40 kg P + 100 kg K/ha, 100 kg N/ha&nbsp;(+ PK) and 200 N/ha&nbsp;(+ PK) were evaluated. Botanical analyses of stands were done by the method of reduced projective dominance (D in %). The cut green matter was weighed up, mean samples for dry matter determination and chemical analyses were taken. Botanical composition of the meadow stand in 1991&ndash;2000 was not stabile and was changing due to nourishment. The yields of dry matter ranged within 10 years in the control variant from 1.07&ndash;3.42&nbsp;t/ha&nbsp;(in the plot fertilized by P40K100&nbsp;2.09&ndash;5.95 t/ha, in the plots with nitrogen (+ PK) 2.29&ndash;6.52 t/ha, resp. 3.74&ndash;7.61 t/ha). According to the t-test, the yields of dry mass in experimental variants are significant at 95% level.

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Mühlbachová, Gabriela, Pavel Čermák, Martin Káš, et al. "Crop yields, boron availability and uptake in relation to phosphorus supply in a field experiment." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 12 (2018): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/490/2018-pse.

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The boron (B) availability and uptake were studied in relation to different phosphorus rates applied into soils in a three-year field experiment (2015–2017). The experiment was carried out at the experimental station at Humpolec (Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic). Three rates of phosphorus (20-40-80 kg P/ha) were applied as triple superphosphate. The crop rotation was spring barley-winter oilseed rape-winter wheat. No systematic fertilization with B was used and the response of natural boron soil content to the different phosphorus supply was studied. The crop yields, B content in plants, B-uptake, and content of B (extracted by Mehlich 3 and NH4 acetate methods) were determined. Spring barley and winter wheat B uptake was about one order of magnitude lower in comparison with oilseed rape. Significant differences in B content in soils, in crop tissues and B-uptake, were found mainly under higher phosphorus doses (40 and 80 kg P/ha). NH4 acetate method showed better correlations between P and B contents in soils than Mehlich 3 method from the second experimental year. The P-fertilization may affect negatively the B-uptake by plants, particularly if the highly nutrient demanding crop is grown.

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Zajíček, Antonín, Petr Fučík, Markéta Kaplická, Marek Liška, Jana Maxová, and Jakub Dobiáš. "Pesticide leaching by agricultural drainage in sloping, mid-textured soil conditions – the role of runoff components." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 7 (2018): 1879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.068.

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Abstract Dynamics of pesticides and their metabolites in drainage waters during baseflow periods and rainfall-runoff events (RREs) were studied from 2014 to 2016 at three small, tile-drained agricultural catchments in Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic. Drainage systems in this region are typically built in slopes with considerable proportion of drainage runoff originating outside the drained area itself. Continuous monitoring was performed by automated samplers, and the event hydrograph was separated using 18O and 2H isotopes and drainage water temperature. Results showed that drainage systems represent a significant source for pesticides leaching from agricultural land. Leaching of pesticide metabolites was mainly associated with baseflow and shallow interflow. Water from causal precipitation diluted their concentrations. The prerequisites for the leaching of parental compounds were a rainfall-runoff event occurring shortly after spraying, and the presence of event water in the runoff. When such situations happened consequently, pesticides concentrations in drainage water were high and the pesticide load reached several grams in a few hours. Presented results introduce new insights into the processes of pesticides movement in small, tile-drained catchments and emphasizes the need to incorporate drainage hydrology and flow-triggered sampling into monitoring programmes in larger catchments as well as in environment-conservation policy.

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Ryant, Pavel, Petr Škarpa, Lenka Detvanová, and Lucie Taušová. "The Effect of Limestone and Stabilized Nitrogen Fertilizers Application on Soil pH Value and on the Forage Production of Permanent Grassland." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 4 (2016): 1239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664041239.

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The changes of soil pH and dry forage yield of permanent grassland after application of dolomitic limestone and stabilized nitrogen fertilizers are described in this paper. The small‑plot experiment was located on semi‑natural grassland at Bohemian‑Moravian Highlands, near village Kameničky (Czech Republic), with poor and acidic soil. The experiment was divided into two blocks, within one of whose dolomitic limestone was applied in autumn 2013. In each block, 4 experimental treatments were applied: 1. control (untreated), 2. Urea, 3. Urea with inhibitor of urease, 4. Urea with inhibitor of nitrification. After liming, the pH/CaCl2 soil values increased in both the first as well as the second year after application. Fertilizing by urea, namely urea with inhibitors, did not significantly influence the pH/CaCl2 values. Dry forage productions in both years were comparable. In comparison to the untreated variants, significant increase in dry forage yield was achieved after application of urea and urea with urease inhibitors. The impact of stabilized fertilizers on the yield was not proven. In case of the limed variants, yield drop by 1.12 t/ha (average of both years) was observed; the yield decrease may be connected with disturbance of production potential of the stable community of plant species that had been adapted to acidic locations.

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Oulehla, Jan, Martin Jiroušek, Milada Šťastná, and Petra Martínez Barroso. "Rapid Decreasing of a Selected Plant Species Distribution Within Recent Decades as an Illustration of Gradual Local Extinction of Low-Productive Wet Meadow Species in Central Europe." Journal of Landscape Ecology 14, no. 1 (2021): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2021-0006.

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Abstract This study provides an illustration of the contemporary extinction trend of a selected wet grassland species, Pedicularis sylvatica, within a region of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic. Historically, it was a relatively common species in the study region, but it has been severely reduced in recent decades due to the abandonment of the traditional management of the grasslands, or inappropriate management practices, including extensive drainage, fertilisation, and liming. Low precipitation in recent years, a depleted soil seed bank, inbreeding in small, isolated populations, the inability to germinate, and the emergence of seedlings can also play an important role. After personal resurvey, P. sylvatica was not confirmed on 28 % of the localities where it was documented between two and 20 years ago. In a selected south-eastern subregion, only one of 19 localities persist nowadays. A steep decrease of local subpopulations of P. sylvatica points to the holistic problem of both the low-productive wet meadow species’ extinctions and their habitat collapses in central Europe. Without proper protection and management, it is likely that low-productive wet meadows will continue to decline and, in the next few decades, only a fraction of today’s already faint frequency will remain within a few higher-elevated subregions.

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Anonymous. "Peer review report 1 On “Evapotranspiration of a high-density poplar stand in comparison with a reference grass cover in the Czech-Moravian Highlands”." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 201 (January 2015): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.08.077.

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McCaughey, Harry. "Peer review report 2 On “Evapotranspiration of a high-density poplar stand in comparison with a reference grass cover in the Czech-Moravian Highlands”." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 201 (January 2015): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.08.078.

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Skládanka, Jiří. "Effect of utilization term on the quality of semi-natural grass stand in the autumn and in the winter time." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 1 (2004): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452010127.

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Quality of green fodder from a semi-natural sward consisting of Festuca rubra, Taraxacum officinale, Dactylis glomerata, Trisetum flavescens, Poa ssp., Agrostis stolonifera and Phleum pratense as dominant species, situated in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Czech Republic) was studied in the months of the main forage utilization (November, December and January). Main usage in the winter months was preceded by usage in June, July and August (preparatory cut). The sward was fertilized in the first half of August with 50 kg N.ha-1. Qualitative characteristics studied in 2000/2001, 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 were N-substances and NEL. Sward quality was decreasing from November to January with the date of utilization exhibiting a highly significant effect (α < 0.01) on the NEL content in all three years of monitoring and on the content of N-substances in the first two years of monitoring. Effect of the preparatory cut on the contents of N-substances and NEL was significant (α < 0.05) in all three years of monitoring and in the first two years of monitoring, respectively. In November, the contents of N-substances and NEL were higher in variants with the preparatory cut made in August than in variants with the preparatory cut made in June or July. The effect of the date of preparatory cut on the contents of N-substances and NEL in December and January was depending on climatic conditions in the given year.

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Michniewicz, Aleksandra. "Tors in Central European Mountains – are they indicators of past environments?" Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 16, no. 1 (2019): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgeo-2019-0005.

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Abstract Tors represent one of the most characteristic landforms in the uplands and mountains of Central Europe, including the Sudetes, Czech-Moravian Highlands, Šumava/Bayerischer Wald, Fichtelgebirge or Harz. These features occur in a range of lithologies, although granites and gneisses are particularly prone to tor formation. Various models of tor formation and development have been presented, and for each model the tors were thought to have evolved under specific environmental conditions. The two most common theories emphasised their progressive emergence from pre-Quaternary weathering mantles in a two-stage scenario, and their development across slopes under periglacial conditions in a one-stage scenario. More recently, tors have been analysed in relation to ice sheet extent, the selectivity of glacial erosion, and the preservation of landforms under ice. In this paper we describe tor distribution across Central Europe along with hypotheses relating to their formation and development, arguing that specific evolutionary histories are not supported by unequivocal evidence and that the scenarios presented were invariably model-driven. Several examples from the Sudetes are presented to demonstrate that tor morphology is strongly controlled by lithology and structure. The juxtaposition of tors of different types is not necessarily evidence that they differ in their mode of origin or age. Pathways of tor remodelling and degradation under subaerial conditions are identified and it is argued that processes of tor formation and development are ongoing. Thus, tors are not reliable indicators of past environments, because they are considerably influenced by both geological factors, such as lithology and structure, and geomorphological factors such as hillslope setting..

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Skládanka, Jiří. "The effect of utilization term on the biomass production, organic matter digestibility and ergosterol content of semi-natural grass stand in the autumn and in winter." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, no. 4 (2007): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755040069.

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The biomass of dry matter (DM) and forage quality of a grass pasture in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Czech Republic), situated at an altitude of 553 m a.s.l., was measured in late autumn and in winter in the period from 2000 to 2003. The semi-natural grass pasture was dominated by Festuca rubra, Taraxacum officinale, Elytrigia repens, Dactylis glomerata, Trisetum flavescens, Poa spp., Agrostis tenuis and Phleum pratense. Biomass production and forage quality were measured in November, December and January after one preparatory cut in June or two preparatory cuts in June and July, and in June and August. Biomass of DM decreased from November to January and ranged, depending on the year and the number of preparatory cuts, from 0.37–3.13 t ha – 1 in November to 0.15–1.36 t ha – 1 in January. The biomass of DM decreased the later the preparatory cut. Organic matter digestibility decreased from November to January, ranging from 0.448–0.606 in November to 0.352–0.578 in January. A delayed preparatory cut resulted in an increased digestibility. Ergosterol concentration increased with the progressing autumn and winter, ranging from 40–111 mg kg – 1 DM in November to 110–265 mg kg – 1 DM in January. Lower ergosterol concentrations were observed after a late preparatory cut. The results were statistically analysed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. The length of the main use was observed to have a significant effect on biomass of DM, digestibility of organic matter and ergosterol concentration (P < 0.05) in all three years of the investigation.

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Petra, Vičarová, Dočekalová Hana, Ridošková Andrea, and Pelcová Pavlina. "Heavy Metals in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from Three Reservoirs in the Czech Republic." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 34, No. 5 (2016): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/100/2016-cjfs.

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Toxic metals (cadmium, lead, and mercury) in the tissues of common carp fished from three reservoirs (Pilská, Domaninský, and Matějovský) in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands were measured in the period from April 2013 to September 2014 and the risk of consuming the fish from these localities was evaluated. During this project 25 fish specimens from each locality were analysed. The concentration of metals in muscle tissue and liver was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. A variation in the content of heavy metals in fish samples and fish tissues was demonstrated and discussed. Higher concentrations of cadmium in the fish tissue were found in 50 samples of carp liver. Because the fish liver is not commonly consumed, common carp from the Moravian-Moravian Highlands does not pose any health risk for consumers. Concentrations of the other monitored toxic metals in fish tissue were low and were complying with the maximum residue limit in all cases.

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Žížala, Daniel, Jiří Zvelebil, and Vít Vilímek. "Using dendrogeomorphology in research on a slope deformation in Běleč, Czech-Moravian Highland (Czech Republic)." AUC GEOGRAPHICA 45, no. 2 (2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2015.49.

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Kabrda, Jan, and Vít Jančák. "Impact of selected political and institutional factors on Czech agriculture and landscape." Geografie 112, no. 1 (2007): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2007112010048.

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In this article, we focused on the influence of two institutional factors - EU subsidies and supports, and system of ownership and lease of agricultural land - on the state and changes of agriculture and land use in Czechia after its accession to the EU in 2004. This assessment was based on a series of questionnaires and interviews with farmers and other actors involved, conducted recently in two model regions: Český Brod in the fertile lowland of Central Bohemia; and Sněžné in less favoured natural conditions of the Bohemian-Moravian Highland. Firstly, we concentrated on market conditions, economic viability and effects of and problems related to the system of supports and subsidies destined for the Czech agricultural sector after 2004. Special attention was devoted to grassing. Secondly, we discussed the contrast between ownership and use of land - the fact that most of the Czech agricultural land is currently leased. We tried to define negative effects of this fact, both for farming and for landscape - e.g. uncertainty about the future, unwillingness to invest into leased plots, or weak relationship of farmers to land.

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Paillet, Frederick L., John H. Williams, Joseph Urik, Joseph Lukes, Miroslav Kobr, and Stanislav Mares. "Cross-borehole flow analysis to characterize fracture connections in the Melechov Granite, Bohemian-Moravian Highland, Czech Republic." Hydrogeology Journal 20, no. 1 (2011): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0787-1.

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Fajman, Martin, and Josef Vacuška. "Comparison of specific production performances by two crystalline silicon PV systems." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 3 (2013): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361030611.

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A comparison of two independent photovoltaic (PV) systems located close to each other on the south of the Czech Moravian Highland was accomplished. Due to differences in installation parameters; reference quantities were used to calculate transformed data sets for specific production performances comparison. Differences in monthly and annually daily production were performed by t-test.According to obtained results, it was concluded that annually mean daily productions per 1 kWp of installed capacity and per 1 m2 of active area of the panels are significantly better by single crystal silicon installation in tracking system than by stable installation of a different technology of single crystal silicon. However, comparing this performance per 1 m2 of occupied land by studied power-plants the stable installation performed higher production rates on daily mean basis in majority of months of the year 2010 as well as by annually mean daily production.

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Drápelová, I., L. Menšík, J. Kulhavý, and I. Marková. "Sulphur and nitrogen concentrations and fluxes in bulk precipitation and throughfall in the mountain and highland spruce stands in the Czech Republic." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 10 (2010): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/99/2009-jfs.

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Concentrations and fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen compounds in bulk precipitation and in throughfall were evaluated and compared for two experimental sites in the Czech Republic: one situated at R&aacute;jec (Drahansk&aacute; upland, 610 m a.s.l.) and the second one at B&iacute;l&yacute; Kř&iacute;ž (Moravian-Silesian Beskids, 908 m a.s.l.) both with similar stands of young Norway spruce. The three-year study performed during 2006&ndash;2008, revealed statistically significant differences in nitrate nitrogen concentrations in bulk precipitations and in ammonium nitrogen concentrations both in bulk precipitation and in throughfall between the two sites. Higher nitrogen compounds concentrations in bulk precipitation were found at R&aacute;jec. Differences between the two sites in sulphur concentrations were not found out neither in bulk precipitation nor in throughfall waters. Total sulphur deposition amounted to 8.1, 8.3 and 6.7 kg S&middot;ha&ndash;1 at R&aacute;jec and to 14.8, 16.9 and 15.4 kg S&middot;ha&ndash;1 at Beskids for the three years studied, respectively. Total inorganic nitrogen throughfall flux amounted to 12.1, 11.6 and 11.6 at R&aacute;jec and 13.8, 18.9 and 15.0 kg&middot;ha&ndash;1 at B&iacute;l&yacute; Kř&iacute;ž for the years 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. &nbsp;

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Skládanka, Jiří. "Effect of Festuca arundinacea and Festulolium additional sown on the change of stand composition by semi-natural grass stand." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, no. 2 (2006): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654020097.

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The work was carried aut to study influence of additional sown on the change of herbage composition. The experiment was situated in the Bohemian-Moravian Highland (Czech Republic) at an altitude 553 m. a. s. l. The semi-natural grass sward was created Festuca rubra (19.7%), Agrostis capillaris (15.5%), Taraxacum officinale (11.3%), Dactylis glomerata (11.0%), Elytrigia repens (9.4%), Trisetum flavescens (8.6%), Phleum pratense (8.0%), Poa ssp. (7.6%) and Trifolium pratense (7.7%) species. Additional sown of Festuca arundinacea (35 kg ha – 1) and Festulolium (35 kg ha – 1) was performed in the year 2000. The grass sward was cuted twice for year. First cut was in June and second cut in November. The proportion of Festuca arundinacea was 1.0% in June 2001 and 34.2% in June 2003. The proportion of Festulolium was 1.0% in June 2001 and 20.6% in June 2003. The additional sown species dominated more in November than in June. The proportion of Festuca arundinacea was fourth year for additional sown 73.7% and proportion of Festulolium 48.7%. The additional sown reflected on the change of herbage composition. The herbage composition was most expressive between second and third year.

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Hábová, Magdalena, Lubica Pospíšilová, Petr Hlavinka, et al. "Carbon pool in soil under organic and conventional farming systems." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 3 (2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2018-swr.

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Changes in the agricultural management and climatic changes within the past 25 years have had a serious impact on soil organic matter content and contribute to different carbon storage in the soil. Prediction of soil carbon pool, validation, and quantification of different models is important for sustainable agriculture in the future and for this purpose a long-term monitoring data set is required. RothC-26.3 model was applied for carbon stock simulation within two different climatic scenarios (hot-dry with rapid temperature increasing and warm-dry with less rapid temperature increasing). Ten years experimental data set have been received from conventional and organic farming of experimental plots of Mendel University School Enterprise (locality Vatín, Czech-Moravian Highland). Average annual temperature in this area is 6.9°C, average annual precipitation 621 mm, and altitude 530 m above sea level. Soil was classified as Eutric Cambisol, sandy loam textured, with middle organic carbon content. Its cumulative potential was assessed as high. Results showed linear correlation between carbon stock and climatic scenario, and mostly temperature and type of soil management has influenced carbon stock. In spite of lower organic carbon inputs under organic farming this was less depending on climatic changes. Conventional farming showed higher carbon stock during decades 2000–2100 because of higher carbon input. Besides conventional farming was more affected by temperature.

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Uhlířová, J., M. Kaplická, and T. Kvítek. "Water erosion and characteristics of sediment load in the Kopaninský stream basin." Soil and Water Research 4, No. 1 (2009): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/30/2008-swr.

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In May 2005, a major part of the Czech Republic was hit by an extreme rainstorm resulting in both soil erosion and flood events. We surveyed the erosion rills and soil material deposits produced by this rainstorm in the most damaged field of the experimental catchment Kopaninsky stream in the Bohemo-Moravian Highland. We measured the volume of the deposited sediment, its texture, bulk density, and other properties. The sediment consisted of two layers with a fuzzy boundary between them. The lower layer contained more fine particles, while the upper layer was mainly formed by a coarser material. The sediment generally contained lower amounts of Cox and available nutrients than the original soil from which it was eroded. The results of the measurements were put into a broader context by using an event-based erosion prediction model ERCN, based on the curve-number method and on the Universal Soil Loss Equation. It was demonstrated that a 75 m wide riparian grassland strip in the study area was able to detain about 70% of the soil material eroded from the uphill ploughed land during the extreme rainfall-runoff event of 23rd May 2005. It was confirmed that grassland and other vegetation strips along water courses are highly efficient in reducing the surface water pollution during extreme erosion events.

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Musil, Rudolf. "Phenological Analysis of the Last Glacial Vertebrates from the Territory of Moravia (the Czech Republic) – Continuity and Change in Faunistic Communities." Fossil Imprint 74, no. 3-4 (2018): 199–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0015.

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Due to the vertical zonality of the studied area, its environment varied greatly over a relatively short distance within the same time span. It is possible to distinguish the following different types of environment: (1) Alluvial floodplains around larger water flows. I assume in the Last Glacial there was continuous coniferous forest, with occasional sporadic occurrences of thermophilous deciduous trees in favourable locations mainly in south Moravia. (2) Lower foothills up to about 300 m a.s.l. along the floodplains, probably the most widespread type of environment in the studied area. Open grasslands with isolated trees and shrubs were predominant. (3) At the higher altitudes of the hills (ca. 300-500 m a.s.l.) there was only steppe. (4) The highest parts of highlands and the mountains (500-1,400 m a.s.l.). During the cold and dry events these areas were mostly without grassy vegetation. The boundaries of the above mentioned environments fluctuated throughout the whole of the Last Glacial. A series of new investigations of Last Glacial Moravian sites took place over the recent decades. The result was a relatively large amount of fossil vertebrate findings, from karst areas (caves), and from open air sites. All findings were assigned to precisely defined layers which were in most cases radiometrically and/or archaeologically dated. It allowed association of the fauna communities with stratigraphical events and therefore produced a clearer picture of changes during the entire Last Glacial. The study showed that the species structure of the communities was not stable during the Last Glacial. The changes did not exhibit gradual linear development. The time span of the individual communities varied greatly. In two cases a total species change occurred very rapidly. In other cases the changes occurred over a longer period of time and may have involved penetration of new species into existing communities to a significant extent. The changes of communities associated with single stratigraphical events were palaeoecologically evaluated. In comparison with changes in the environment, I can conclude that both changes occurred simultaneously. I am therefore convinced that the primary impulse for community change was induced by environmental change. The Eemian communities of regions east of Germany differ from coeval communities of Western and the west part of Central Europe. This difference was driven by variation in precipitation, a more humid climate in the West and continental climate in the East. We have therefore two different Eemian provinces in Central Europe, the more humid west (oceanic weather) and the drier east (continental weather). The first half of the Last Glacial, about 40 ka from its beginning, had a wide range of climatic oscillations of different intensity. In layers of Moravian localities with interglacial species, the numbers of finds are always limited (small number). They were previously assigned to the Eemian. The earlier stratigraphic scale of the Late Pleistocene corresponded with this view. According to recent opinion, however, the rare finds of interglacial species in these localities are not from the Eemian interglacial, but from the first interstadials of the Last Glacial. Larger temperature oscillations occurred only in the second half of the Last Glacial and the most significant cooling was at the very end of this time. In the first occurrence of the typical Holocene assemblage in the Moravian Karst there are still some species which are typical for the Last Glacial (reindeer and lemmings). Lemmings died out first, but reindeer survived up to the Neolithic age. This area had, and still has today, differing environments within a relatively short distance caused by vertical zonation. There was a significantly colder climate in the deep and relatively narrow valleys. The upper part of the insolation slopes was mainly covered with grass and the average annual temperature there was much higher than in the valleys. This was reflected of course in the fauna. The in-migration of animals was not only via a meridional route. Migration was not only caused by oscillation of the average temperature or rainfall, but also by the need to find the best conditions for living. Seasonal migration was caused mainly by annual changes in the energy value of the food plants.

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Trnka, M., M. Trnka, J. Fialová, et al. "Biomass production and survival rates of selected poplar clones grown under a short-rotation on arable land." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 2 (2008): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/437-pse.

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Fast-growing woody plants that can be grown under short-rotation systems offer an alternative to food production on arable land, and serve as a potential source of renewable energy. In order to establish the feasibility of future large scale production under the conditions of the Czech-Moravian highland, a high density experimental field plantation including a range of available clones of Populus sp. and Salix sp. with the total area of 1.5 ha was established in early 2001 in Domanínek (Czech Republic, 49°32'N, 16°15'E and altitude 530 m). The clone experiment of Populus sp. covered 0.3 ha in the center of the plantation and included 13 clones in total, with hardwood cuttings of only 6 clones available in numbers allowing 4-replicate experiment. The plantation was established on agricultural land and the trees were planted in a double row design with a density of 10 000 trees/ha. The trial was weeded by mechanical methods, and no irrigation, fertilization, or herbicides were applied. The experiment site was harvested at the end of 2006. It was found that the biomass yields of the tested clones of Populus sp. were in the higher range of results from national and European studies in case of hybrid clones. The satisfactory survival rate in the first year, when mortality tends to be highest, was supported by relatively wet weather conditions after plantation establishment. At the end of the first rotation, the highest yields were obtained from clones J-105 and J-104 (P. nigra × P. maximowiczii) and P-494 (P. maximowiczii × P. berolinensis) with J-105 showing a mean annual increment of dry matter close to 14 t/ha. Additional experiments seem to suggest that well managed poplar plantation might produce even better values if higher survival rates can be achieved.

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Duffková, R., A. Zajíček, and E. Nováková. "Actual evapotranspiration from partially tile-drained fields as influenced by soil properties, terrain and crop." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 3 (2011): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2010-swr.

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&nbsp; Physical properties of soils have a significant influence on their water regime and should be considered when selecting suitable agricultural crops for particular sites, taking into account the crop productivity and its water requirements. Mean daily rates of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) were obtained by collation of measured or otherwise estimated 10-min values for the years 2004, 2006 and 2009 for a partially tile-drained agricultural experimental catchment in the Bohemo-Moravian Highland (Czech Republic). ETa was measured using the Bowen ratio (&beta;) and energy balance (BREB) method at four weather stations located on different soil types (Stagnosols, Cambisols) and terrain relief positions (defined with respect to the groundwater recharge and discharge zones) over different crops (cereals, oil rape and permanent grassland). A systematic influence of soil properties on the evapotranspiration rate was more pronounced during the periods of limited transpiration (soil drought, crop maturity), when the average daily ETa was significantly lower and the corresponding &beta; significantly higher over coarser-textured soils (shallow Haplic Cambisols), namely (year&ndash;ETa (mm/day)/&beta;): 2004 &ndash; 1.75/1.66; 2006 &ndash; 2.44/0.93; 2009 &ndash; 2.60/0.81), than over finer-textured soils (Stagnic Cambisols and Haplic Stagnosols), namely: 2004 &ndash; 2.92/0.97; 2006 &ndash; 3.06/0.44; 2009 &ndash; 3.42/0.39). When the transpiration was not limited by soil water deficit, it acted as an equalizing factor smoothing down evapotranspiration from heterogeneous soil areas, whereby the effect of the soil physical properties was masked. With regard to soil water regime and evapotranspiration, the tile-drained Stagnic Cambisol lands behaved similarly as non-drained Haplic Cambisols. The effects of land use and of the terrain relief position could not be tracked independently, because the permanent grassland was situated in the wetter and texturally heavier parts of the catchment and the positions of the recharge/discharge zone coincided with the positions of texturally lighter/heavier soils, respectively.

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Doležel, Jiří. "Středověký areál těžby stříbra Havírna u Štěpánova nad Svratkou: dokumentace v letech 2017–2019 a problém její interpretace." Přehled výzkumů, December 28, 2020, 71–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.47382/pv0612-04.

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The thirteenth and fourteenth-century silver mining and processing site in the forest of Havírna is located 2.1 kilometres north-east of Štěpánov nad Svratkou in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands and is among the best-preserved medieval mining sites in the Czech lands. The archaeological part of the current research project focuses on the precision surveying of the site using land-based laser terrain scanning. The outputs – a plan with the basic contour interval of 20 cm and a spatial visualisation – enable further characterisation of the whole complex of stopes. The ore accumulations were mined in three core shaft zones, within which the 13th/14th-century mine workings occupied a total area of 20.5 ha. The mine workings were accompanied by large contemporary mining settlements in several parts of the site and technical and administrative facilities and features were also detected. A parallel detector survey evidenced a rich, specific culture of the mining milieu as well as advanced technologies used for the exploitation and processing of ores. The remains of satellite and exploration mining activities in the wider area are also documented. The current study highlights the major potential of this site for research into medieval precious metal mining in a wider European context.

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Zajíček, Antonín, Tomáš Pomije, and Tomáš Kvítek. "Event water detection in tile drainage runoff using stable isotopes and a water temperature in small agricultural catchment in Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic." Environmental Earth Sciences 75, no. 9 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5561-1.

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Hegrová, Jitka, Lubomír Prokeš, Petr Anděl, et al. "Monitoring of the impact of road salting on spruce forest ecosystem in the vicinity of the highway D1 in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic." Environmental Science and Pollution Research, September 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16468-9.

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