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1
Kuznietsova, K. I. "CZECH REPUBLIC FOREIGN POLICY: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 139 (2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2019.139.0.49-57.
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In the 1990s the Czech foreign policy objectives were to secure its proper place in international relations after the end of the Cold War, which included the entry of a number of international intergovernmental organizations (IMF, World Bank Group organizations, OECD, EBRD, NATO, EU, etc.) and the development of friendly relations with neighboring states and partners. In this sense, there is no reason to identify the foreign policy of the Czech Republic during this period only as a course aimed at "returning to Europe". In the early 1990's, most Czech political actors shared the idea of "return to the West" and "liberal democracy", the differences in their vision of the models of the geopolitical orientation of the Czech Republic make it possible to distinguish between the interaction of the three main foreign policy ideologies in the process of adopting foreign policy decisions: atlanticism, continentalism, and autonomy. Different interpretations of the essence of "liberal democracy" led to the emergence in the Czech politics of two ideological trends that had a significant impact on the vision of the foreign policy priorities of the Czech Republic: economic universalism (aimed at eliminating institutional barriers to the free flow of goods, services, money), and moral universalism (oriented towards the spread of democracy and the protection of human rights, which is a priority in foreign policy). Followers of economic universalism (primarily V. Klaus) actively advocated the development of economic ties with Russia and China, while the followers of the ideology of moral universalism (V. Havel and his followers) actively opposed it. The article also investigates the influence of foreign policy prejudices on the formation of the foreign policy of the Czech Republic, among which the most influential are anti-Russian and anti-German.
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Pavlyshyn, Liubov. "Foreign policy of the Czech Republic through the prism of historiography." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 2 (45) (December 25, 2021): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.247479.
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The article analyzes the situation of research problems of formation and development of foreign policy of the Czech Republic in the works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers. The scientific problem attracts considerable interest of specialists in the field of international relations, because it is relevant and unstable. The article summarizes the new material on the research topic of historiography. The purpose of this article is to analyze the state of development of our research in domestic and foreign historiography. To achieve this goal, the author considered the bulk of the scientific literature on the foreign policy of the sovereign Czech Republic. For the objective disclosure of the topic by the author, the literature was distributed according to the problem principle. The development of international relations of the CEE countries in the post-communist period and the Czech Republic, in particular, was covered in many scientific and popular science works. Among foreign researchers, the author singles out mainly Czech, Slovak, German and British. Such an ethno-geographical number of scientists is due to the specifics of the geopolitical location of the Czech Republic. Ukrainian researchers were viewed through the prism of domestic foreign policy. The article presents an analysis of scientific research in the field of the following issues: general transformational transformations in the CEE region, formation of the sovereign Czech Republic and national policy, experience of integration into the European Union and NATO, Visegrad cooperation, development of Czech-Slovak relations and formation of Ukrainian-Czech interstate cooperation. To fully and comprehensively cover the research problem, the author used a significant amount of material from periodicals in Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Germany. A review of the works used by domestic and foreign researcher’s shows that the vast majority of publications raise general questions about the course of domestic political transformation processes in the field of political science, economic or cultural research.
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Ankhimiuk, Mstislav Yu. "Foreign Policy in Programs of Czech Political Parties at Turn of the 21th Century: Historiographical Essay." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 65 (2022): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-65-128-141.
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The paper presents a historiographical overview of the evolution of foreign policy concepts of Czech political parties at the turn of the 21st century in terms of cardinal geopolitical changes and formation of a new system of international relations in Europe. After the emergence of the independent Czech Republic, scholars from different countries began to show interest in the foreign policy of the new state in the region of Central and South-Eastern Europe. The present research groups academic papers according to the centers of study of the topic in Russia, the Czech Republic, Great Britain and the USA, also following chronological order, starting from the 1990s and ending with the end of the 2010s. For the first time the author designates a “watershed” in the history of the issue, when in the scientific literature the study of Czech foreign policy in general turns to a narrower range of topics. Many researchers specializing in international relations turned from studying general issues of Czech foreign policy to specific topics, such as the positions of parties regarding further European integration, military cooperation with NATO, relations with Russia, etc. This fact allows us to talk about the growing interest of the scientific community in deep processes shaping the foreign policy of the Czech Republic.
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Kamińska, Agnieszka Gloria. "President of the Czech Republic in external relations." Gubernaculum et Administratio 28, no. 2 (2023): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/gea.2023.02.04.
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The President of the Czech Republic, functioning as one of the two constitutional organs of the executive power, has acquired significant powers in the sphere of external relations. In addition to the classical powers in the field of active legation (appointing heads of Czech diplomatic missions) and passive legation (receiving representatives of foreign states and international organizations), he has the constitutional right to conclude international agreements (with the possibility of ceding it to the government or government members) and a monopoly on authorization to ratify (and denounce) agreements already concluded. With the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union, he acquired in the procedure of a constitutional amendment act (established on 14 November 2002) the authorization to hold a referendum on the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU and to announce the results of this referendum, which created a precedent for the procedure for making decisions on important issues of the Czech state’s membership in the European Union.
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Kratochvíl, Petr, Petra Cibulková, and Vít Beneš. "Foreign policy, rhetorical action and the idea of otherness: The Czech Republic and Russia." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 39, no. 4 (November 7, 2006): 497–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2006.09.002.
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This article employs the concept of rhetorical action in an analysis of the recent developments in Czech-Russian political relations. Through the discourse analysis of key Russian political speeches and official documents related to the Czech Republic, as well as Czech speeches tackling the same issues, we look at two different rhetorical actions employed by Russia to induce changes in Czech policy. The attempts to make Czech policy unacceptable in the wider community of European democracies were only partially successful. While the first rhetorical action aimed against Czech NATO membership failed, the new diplomatic strategy stressing the need for a “normalization” of relations was successful in transforming Czech policy towards Russia.
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ZEMÁNEK, Ladislav. "The Czech Republic and the Ukrainian crisis: Economic and foreign policy aspects." Perspectives and prospects. E-journal, no. 2 (2022): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32726/2411-3417-2022-2-62-82.
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The article deals with two areas: first, the consequences of the 2022 Ukrainian crisis for the Russian business in the Czech Republic and the Czech business in Russia; second, the accelerating dynamics of the Czech-US relations, which are increasingly intensive, primarily in the field of the (geo)political and military cooperation. The analysis shows that the liberal elites are deepening the country's Euro-Atlantic orientation, which manifests itself both at the conceptual, ideological and practical levels. Not surprising in this context are the attempts to revive the plans to establish a US military base in the Czech Republic and Prague's active military support for Kiev to the detriment of the national interest. The study reveals a strong tendency among the Czech political elites towards militarism and revision of policy fundamentals in line with radical Euro-Atlanticism and liberal authoritarianism.
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Pudilová, Linda, and Kamila Veselá. "Global Position of the US Economy and Its Impact on the Economy of the Czech Republic." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 09012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219209012.
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Research background: The economy with the strongest influence on world affairs, international politics and world economy is undoubtedly the economy of the United States of America. In the Czech Republic, after the revolution, the USA quickly came to the forefront of interest and mutual foreign trade grew significantly. However, their global influence was significantly reflected not only in economic aspects, but also in sociological aspects. In recent years, the so-called “Americanization” has been taking place in the Czech Republic. American terms were often adopted in the commonly used Czech language, and the demand for American goods increased significantly. Purpose of the article: The objective of the presented text is to evaluate development of the influence of the USA on the economy of the Czech Republic by analysing the development of key macroeconomic quantities, in particular gross domestic product, gross national product, balance of payments and foreign trade. Based on the results of this analysis, the future development of the Czech economy, more precisely opportunities and impacts arising from mutual trade relations between the American and Czech economies, is predicated. Methods: Descriptive statistic. Findings & Value added: The results of the research showed a gradual expansion of the influence of the American economy in the Czech Republic, which began after 1989 and continues to this day. This influence manifested itself in several aspects. It was reflected in the structure of mutual foreign trade, and also in the Czech culture and the Czech language (adoption of English terms into the Czech language). The further potential of mutual trade is highlighted out by comparing the structure of export and import from the USA in total and export and import from the USA to the Czech Republic.
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Vedernikov, Mikhail. "CZECH-UKRAINIAN RELATIONS AMIDST SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran320231725.
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The article outlines the main trends in Czech-Ukrainian relations since the start of the special military operation in Ukraine. The main events of the bilateral agenda between Prague and Kiev were considered. The author notes that after February 24, the current Cabinet under the leadership of P. Fiala began to perceive the Ukrainian issue as a key one in the country’s foreign policy. This was manifested in the increased intensity of contacts and a qualitative change in the content of the talks. An assumption is made about bringing relations to a strategic level. Moreover, it was noted that the Czech Republic sought to promote its vision of the Ukrainian issue among partners in international organizations through innovative proposals and playing ahead of the curve.
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Gechbaia, Badri, Eteri Kharaishvili, Ekaterine Zviadadze, Zurab Mushkudiani, and Amiran Tsilosani. "Trade and economic relations between Georgia and the Czech Republic: challenges in export and import of agri-food products." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 11006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128011006.
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The article evaluates the importance of trade and economic relations between countries in economic growth. At a time of globalization has been identified the existing problems of the international division of labor for Georgia. Substantiated that the development of trade and economic relations is an important challenge in the condition of a low level of food provision for the population of Georgia. From this perspective, it is relevant to analyse the export-import of agriproducts with those European countries that have similar resource potential, geographic proximity, socio-economic and political characteristics to Georgia, among of which is the Czech Republic. Based on the theories of international trade, in order to assess the trade and economic potential between Georgia and the Czech Republic and to determine trends of development, has been studied main indicators of the above-mentioned countries. Comparative analysis of the data showed that quantitative indexes are similar between these two countries, while the qualitative data in the Czech Republic is higher as compared to Georgia. The paper discusses the agriculture of Georgia as one of the main sources of economic growth, therefore, to increase the resource potential of the sector needs to develop foreign trade and economic relations with the agriproducts. Based on analysis of data on exportimport of agriproducts between Georgia and the Czech Republic, has been concluded that the trade balance between the countries is variable and trade and economic relations are at the development stage. The main challenge in agriproduct trade between the countries is a low level of import-export diversification of agriproducts. At the same time, it is substantiated, that the cooperation with the Czech Republic perspective for Georgia not only in trade but also in the sphere of investments and modern technologies. The article argues the need for an optimal ratio of exports and imports in the development of trade and economic relations. Through the empirical studies the current challenges of export and import of agri-food products between Georgia and the Czech Republic have been identified; export-import ratios have been analysed by product type; and the ways to improve trade and economic cooperation between the two countries have been outlined. Promising areas of economic relations and export-import between Georgia and the Czech Republic have been developed.
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Veselá, Kamila, and Linda Pudilová. "Impact of China’s Growing Global Position on the Economy of the Czech Republic." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 09017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219209017.
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Research background: The People’s Republic of China in the 21st century can be described as an economy with high growth rates and great ambitions. Some statistics even indicate that China will become the world’s new hegemon by 2040. The People’s Republic of China is not only one of the largest exporters but is increasingly speaking to the world economy and international relations. Since the beginning of the 1990s, mutual relations between the People’s Republic of China and the Czech Republic can be described as very good and constantly deepening, which can be evidenced, among other things, by the number of trade agreements. Purpose of the article: Purpose of the article is to evaluate a development of mutual relations between Czech and Chinese economies in order to predict their future development. Emphasis will be placed on the development of mutual trade through the evaluation of absolute and relative indicators and growth rates. Methods: The paper is based on secondary data from the database of the Czech Statistical Office. The key methods used in the article are the analysis of time series of real products of the Czech Republic and China and their foreign trade. The analysis focuses on the trend, deviations and development of absolute and relative indicators. Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis proved that the Chinese economy is growing on average more than twice as fast as the Czech economy. Because of that, the economic/living standards of the population of both countries are converging. The growth rate of the People’s Republic of China, together with its high spending on science and research, means that (if this trend is maintained) China is likely to become the world’s new hegemon in the near future.
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Minkova, K. V., and A. A. Savostyanov. "Bavaria's external relations." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29, no. 2 (April 27, 2024): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2024-29-2-541-552.
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Importance. The current state of Bavaria’s foreign relations and their main problems are considered, and ways to solve them are proposed. A special emphasis is placed on the role of Bavaria in solving the federal tasks of Germany in the field of foreign policy, for this purpose the concept of auxillary paradiplomacy by Y.G. Akimov is used. The relevance of the study is dictated by the lack of work in the scientific field representing a relevant and modern analysis of the state of Bavaria’s foreign policy. The purpose of the research is to update the study of Bavaria’s foreign relations at the present time. The high level of institutional development, the complexity and interconnectedness of the implemented programs at the level of this federal state are emphasized.Materials and Methods. The main materials are the official Ministries websites of Bavaria and representatives of the Land abroad, as well as reports of the EU commissions on interregional cooperation. To solve the tasks set, the institutional method is used in the context of considering the main actors of Bavaria’s foreign policy and their functions, as well as the “case-study” method for analyzing cooperation between Bavaria and the Czech Republic.Results and Discussion. Using the example of the Strategy for the Development of Relations between Bavaria and the Czech Republic from 2019, the multifactorial nature of Bavaria’s external relations, as well as a well-thought-out institutional design of cooperation, are demonstrated.Conclusion. The Bavarian model can be successfully implemented in other regions (including Russia) seeking greater global cooperation. This model is contrasted with the traditional model of development of external relations of subnational actors, focused mainly on trade; its advantages are emphasized.
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Vidnianskyi, S. "Vaclav Havel: A Symbol of Democratic Change in Central and Eastern Europe (to the 30th Anniversary of the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia)." Problems of World History, no. 8 (March 14, 2019): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-8-9.
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The article is dedicated to the figure of the prominent Czech cultural and political figure Vaclav Havel. The author reveals the main stages of the biography of this famous personality from childhoodto the presidency. The literary, educational, dissident, human rights and political activities of V. Havel are characterized. The author summarizes the role and influence of the personality of the Czech leaderof post-communist Czechoslovakia and subsequently of the Czech Republic in the matter of returning the country to the community of European states. The pages of V. Havel’s biography are revealed onthe background of the main processes of Czech transit to democracy, namely in connection with the successful processes of Euro-Atlantic and European integration. The importance of the figure of thefirst President of the Czech Republic in its international recognition and the establishment of international relations and the pro-European foreign policy is emphasized. The article also describes the establishment of Ukrainian-Czech dialogue.
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Myšička, Stanislav. "Gagliardone, Iginio. 2019. China, Africa, and the Future of the Internet. London: Zed Books." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 9, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v9i1.403.
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He holds a PhD and is Assistant Professor at the Department of Politics, Philosophical Faculty, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. He specialises in Chinese modern history, Chinese foreign politics, international relations in Asia, and the history of Asian political thinking. He is the author of the book John Rawls a Teorie Mezinárodních Vztahů [John Rawls and the Theory of International Relations]. E-mail: stanislav.mysicka@uhk.cz
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Desyatnychuk, Ihor. "CZECH POLITICS AND DECAY OF THE AUSTRO-HUNGARY (1917-1918)." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1, no. 32 (April 28, 2021): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2021-32-127-133.
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The article analyzes the development and manifestations of the Czech national movement at the final stage of the First World War in the crisis of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The reasons for the decline of the policy of Czech «activism» at the level of the Czech parliamentary representation and leading political parties have been clarified. At the same time, the growth of anti-war and anti-Austrian sentiments among the population of the Czech Republic is highlighted. The changes in Czech-German relations caused by the attempts of German nationalists to establish German rule in the Czech Republic on the one hand and the resistance of Czech politics on the other are described. At the same time, emphasis was placed on the fluctuations of the domestic political course of the monarchy, which gradually lost its traditional role of arbiter in interethnic relations and a safeguard against political radicalism during the war. The main projects of reforming the empire, which directly concerned the Czech lands, are highlighted. The influence of foreign policy factors that accelerated the collapse of the Habsburg Empire in this period is highlighted: changes in the attitude to the preservation of Austria-Hungary, the Entente, USA entry into the war, the Russian Revolution, the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Peace. The aspirations of Czech and German national radicalism based on the right of nations to self-determination are analyzed. The circumstances of the approval of the concept of an independent sovereign Czechoslovak Republic as the main project of Czech state-building among emigrant circles and its popularization in the Czech lands are clarified.
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Rowland, Zuzana, Petr Šuleř, and Marek Vochozka. "Comparison of neural networks and regression time series in estimating the Czech Republic and China trade balance." SHS Web of Conferences 61 (2019): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196101023.
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Foreign trade has been and is considered to be very important. Trade balance measurement provides one of the best analyzes of a country's external economic relations. It serves as a monetary expression of economic transactions between a certain country and its foreign partners over a certain period. The aim of this paper is to compare the accuracy of time series alignment by means of regression analysis and neural networks on the example of the trade balance of the Czech Republic and the People's Republic of China. Trade balance data between the Czech Republic and the People's Republic of China is used. This is a monthly balance starting in 2000 and ending in July 2018. First, a linear regression is made followed by regression using artificial neural networks. A comparison of both methods at expert level and experience of the evaluator, the economist, is performed. Optically, the LOWESS curve appears to be best out of the linear regression and the fifth preserved RBF 1-24-1 network seems the mot appropriate out of neural networks.
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Tabosa, Clarissa. "Constructing Foreign Policy vis-à-vis the Migration Crisis: The Czech and Slovak Cases." Czech Journal of International Relations 55, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/mv.1687.
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The study examines contemporary discourses in two small Central European states, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The aim is to analyze how key domestic political players discursively construct foreign policy vis-à-vis the migration crisis. Securitization, a concept developed by the Copenhagen School, serves as an analytical framework for revealing the kinds of discourse being produced in the two countries. The analysis of the discourse of the Prime Ministers from 2015 to 2018, indicates that in the Czech Republic and Slovakia foreign policy is being constructed around the issue of Europeanness (belongingness) and accommodation in the core-periphery spectrum. The article shows that the construction of external threats is done in different security sectors in each country, but in both it seems to promote the in-group coherence needed to affirm their belongingness to Europe, and it no longer happens on grounds of ethnically defined nations, but on grounds of the broader idea of civilizational Europe.
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Stankov, Nikolaj. "The everyday life in the Czechoslovak Republic at the beginning of 1920s in the letters of Red Cross mission’s official I. I. Levin." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2019): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2019.1-2.1.05.
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The Archive of International Politics of the Russian Federation keeps the letters of the Soviet Red Cross official in Prague I. I. Levin to the people’s commissar of foreign affairs of the RSFSR G.V. Chicherin. The letters contain the description of the cross-cultural relations and the social attitudes in the CSR in the beginning of the 1920s. Levin writes in detail how Czech-German contradictions were manifested in the everyday life in the CSR. He also points out the problems in the relations between the Czechs and Slovaks and Rusyns. While noting the widespread antibolshevik views in the Czech society and providing a series of examples for that, at the same time the author of the letters underlines the pragmatism of the Czech businessmen, their interest in developing the trade relations with the Soviet Russia. In the letters a significant attention is dedicated to the literary, theatrical, and musical life of Czechoslovakia. It is evaluated very critically. I. I. Levin said that nothing new was being created, and even it were, it was soaked with a chauvinist feeling. At the same time, new phenomena and achievements of the Czech literature and art of the time are outside of the author’s focus. Levin is treating the everyday life of the inhabitants of Prague from the maximalist position, accusing them of philistinism and provincialism, of the lack of aspirations to lofty ideals. Levin’s letters are a peculiar source for the study of the everyday life in the Czechoslovakia during the first years after the independence and of its perception by the representatives of Soviet Russia.
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Procházka, David. "Tax-in or Tax-out? Evidence from the relation of financial performance and effective taxation of Czech subsidiaries under foreign control." Engineering Economics 30, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.30.3.20281.
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The paper evaluates the financial performance of Czech entities under control of companies listed in the EU and its relation to effective tax rates. Using individual corporate data, empirical evidence of 4,917 year-firm observations indicates a wide dispersion both in performance and taxation. The domicile of the parent has an impact on the subsidiary’s effective tax rate and the effective taxation of Czech subsidiaries under control of foreign listed parents is significantly lower than for other Czech companies. Despite exhibiting tax avoidance to some extent, the data reveal significant variability in relative tax rates suggesting that the majority of foreign parents from western and northern EU countries prefer to tax profits in the Czech Republic rather than elsewhere. Shifting profits to the Czech Republic results in superior reporting performance of the affected subsidiaries. In contrast, empirical evidence shows that parent companies from southern EU countries seek ways to avoid taxation. The unclear tax motives of both parent company groups hinder an appropriate assessment of the financial performance of subsidiaries from being conducted.
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Kruszka, Michał. "Znaczenie kapitału zagranicznego w sektorach bankowych Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2011, no. 7-8 (July 28, 2011): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2011.07-08.6.
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The purpose of this paper is to estimate empirically the relations between credit growth and the presence of foreign banks in the East-Central European countries. A sample of 152 banks from eleven countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) is used in the analysis. The panel estimation technique is used in regressions. The research results show that foreign banks entry can raise credit growth, but it is also connected with some negative effects, because foreign banks can be treated as a transmission channel of turbulence in international financial markets.
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Motruk, Svitlana. "EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC AS A FACTOR OF MODERNIZATION AND NATIONAL SECURITY." European Historical Studies, no. 19 (2021): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.19.3.
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On the basis of a wide range of documents the article analyzes main stages and factors of the Czech Republic integration with the North Atlantic Treaty Organizations. The author emphasizes that transition into a full NATO member in March 1999 was the result of a long, complicated and controversial process of «European Come Back», which started in the beginning of 1990’s and allowed the state’s government to solve a number of problems in the military-political and military-technical spheres. The article draws special attention to the results and consequences of the Czechia NATO membership, its participation in the structures and activities of the Alliance. Numerous facts provided in the paper allow to evaluate the state’s gains from the integration processes and to emphasize key tendencies, main challenges and new opportunities for the country. The study proves that Euro-Atlantic integration has contributed to the institutional and legal reconstruction of the entire system of foreign relations of the Czech Republic, has become an important stimulus to the transition to a democratic model of political system, stability and national security. The article examines the defense strategy of the Czech Republic, reveals its goals and objectives in the field of European security and defense at the present stage. It is noted that NATO Allies supported the proposal to update the 2010 Strategic Concept. Since its adoption the Alliance has faced a new security environment and Russia has turned from a potential strategic partner into an aggressor state. The Czech experience has revealed the advantages and vulnerabilities of the Euro-Atlantic vector. Last but not lease the article studies the causes of polyvariety of the Euro-Atlantic realities and prospects for Alliance enlargement. Based on the results of public opinion polls conducted by the Czech research organizations, the article examines the attitude of Czech political parties and citizens towards their country’s membership in NATO, the role of the North Atlantic Alliance in ensuring the security of the Czech Republic and international relations in general.
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Bednarek, Wojciech. "Little Moscow on the Vltava river – Russian communities in the Czech Republic in the context of socio-political order and homeland security." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 18, no. 3 (December 2020): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2020.3.4.
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The central concern of this paper is the growing influx of Russian migrants to the Czech Republic and the consequences for political and social order. With nearly 40,000 migrants, Russians are the fourth biggest foreign community in Czechia. Due to their material status, the history of bilateral relations, and the significant role of their homeland in Czech politics, the growing Russian community poses a problem for Czech society. The fear of Russian dominance – in political as well as economical dimensions – as well as resentment about the communistic era, is still present among Czech people. Although most Russians come to Czech to study or to do business and are not engaged in political activity, relations between migrants and the host society can be strained. Mutual prejudices make themselves felt in moments of the political crisis between two countries, such as the recent row over Soviet monuments in Prague. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean that the Russian community could easily become a tool for Kremlin propaganda. Russians appreciate the opportunity to live in a rich, liberal and democratic society and even though they keep strong emotional ties with their homeland they are not keen to affirm all of Moscow’s deeds.
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Heryán, Tomáš. "Were the Czech Hotels Able to Confront Current Appreciation of the Czech Currency Before the End of the Exchange Rate Commitment?" Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 6 (2017): 1925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765061925.
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This paper has focused on the issue of foreign exchange markets in relation to tourism and hotel industry in the small open economy such as the Czech Republic. After more than three years when the Czech National Bank (CNB) intervened on the foreign exchange market, everybody look forward to development of exchange rates after the end of the exchange rate commitment. The aim of this study is to show how Czech hotels were been able to confront current appreciation of the Czech koruna before the CNB had ended the exchange rate commitment. According to this aim it was necessary to investigate relations between exchange rates and turnover of Czech hotels as the first. Therefore, it has been obtained time series of the hotels’ profit and loss statements from Bureau van Dijk’s Amadeus international statistical database as well as exchange rates from the CNB online database. Other data is from the Eurostat and the World Bank online statistical database. As the main estimation method it is used the GMM approach with panel data for period from 2007 till 2014. After the estimation of those statistical significant relations it is essential to describe the ways, how were the hotels been able to face the exchange rate risk before the end of the commitment. Furthermore, it has been differentiated between natural hedging for smaller hotels and the usage of the financial derivatives for these bigger. Three types of hedging are described: (i) natural hedging, (ii) usage of a currency forward, and (iii) taking a loan in foreign currency.
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Vedernikov, Mikhail. "Deepening Czech-American Cooperation after 2022." Russia and America in the 21st Century, S3 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760029095-1.
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The article examines the features of Czech-American cooperation after the start of the Special military operation in Ukraine. It is noted that, despite the high status of bilateral relations since the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict contributed to the intensification of cooperation. It was revealed that the United States has focused on strengthening cooperation in the areas of energy security and military-technical cooperation. The rapprochement of positions, as the author of the work notes, occurred on the basis of the ideological heritage of the first President of the Czech Republic, Vaclav Havel. It was noted that a change of government will not lead to a change in foreign policy orientation due to the volume of existing obligations assumed by the Czech side in the period 2022-2023.
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Šmíd, Marek. "Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between Czechoslovakia and the Holy See After the Creation of Czechoslovakia in the Fall of 1918." AUC THEOLOGICA 13, no. 2 (February 23, 2024): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23363398.2024.1.
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The present study deals with the establishment and development of diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and the Holy See immediately after the creation of Czechoslovakia in the fall of 1918 which underwent a dramatic and turbulent change. The most acute questions to discuss included the filling of Czech and Slovak bishopric thrones, the Church administration in Slovakia and the matters of Church education while the filling of the bishopric thrones in the Czech lands and Slovakia proved to be of crucial importance for the proper functioning of the Church administration in Czechoslovakia. The study is based on source material, mainly of diplomatic nature, from the Archive of the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Prague and the Vatican archives, the study reconstructs the character, form and transformation of diplomatic relations between the young Republic and the headquarters of the Catholic Church in Rome at the turn of the 1910s and 1920s. Extensive archival funds have been confronted with numerous literature sources, including contemporary history texts.
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Kozák, Kryštof. "Conflicted Cultural Memory and U.S. Foreign Policy: The “Lost Ca(u)se” of the U.S. Radar Base in the Czech Republic." Ad Americam 19 (February 8, 2019): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/adamericam.19.2018.19.09.
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This article analyzes the developments in cultural memory in Czech-U.S. relations since the end of the Cold War with a special emphasis on the heated debate about placing a U.S. radar base on Czech soil in 2008. It first describes the abrupt transformation in cultural memory related to the transition from communist rule from the transatlantic perspective. It claims that the debate about the radar base is a clear indication of the shift within cultural memory, which became much more contested, especially when compared with the previous period culminating with the Czech Republic’s entry into NATO. As cultural memory is closely linked to dominant historical narratives as well as identity, the findings have serious implications for the future of the transatlantic ties in the region.
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Shnitser, Ihor. "The Soviet Union and the Slovak question during the second World War." Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 34 (December 29, 2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2021-34.123-136.
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The purpose of the article is to study the Slovak question in the foreign policy of the Soviet Union during the Second World War. The methodological basis of the proposed article is the principles of historicism and objectivity, the application of which involves an unbiased depiction of past events in their historical context. To carry out a comprehensive scientifi c analysis of the article, the author has used the unique historical research methods – problematic, comparative-historical, retrospective, and diachronic. The scientifi c novelty lies in the systematic analysis of the place and the role of the Slovak question in the foreign policy of the Soviet Union in 1939–1945. Conclusion. The USSR considered the independent Slovak Republic an artifi cialentity, a product of German expansion. The establishment and development of Soviet-Slovak interstate relations in September 1939 – June 1941 were primarily dictated by the conjuncture of the short-lived German-Soviet partnership. After the Nazi Germany attacked on the USSR and the severance of Soviet-Slovak interstate relations, offi cial Moscow supported the idea of the continuity of the Czechoslovak Republic and the annulment of the Munich Agreements. In prac-tice, this meant that the USSR advocated the return of Slovakia to the Czechoslovak Republic, which was to become an infl uential leader of Soviet infl uence in Central and South-Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union considered the future state and legal system of the republic to be an internal aff air of Czechoslovakia and did not interfere in settlement of Czech-Slovak relations. On the positive side, the Soviet leadership recognized Slovaks as a separate people. This forced the Czechoslovak government and E. Beneš personally to partially reconsider their views on the issue and agree to the revival of the Czechoslovak Republic as a common state of equal Czech and Slovak nations but without a clear defi nition of the state and legal status of Slovakia.
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Török, László. "The contribution of the Visegrad four automotive industry to economic growth." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-1/6.
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In the countries of the Visegrad Four (V4) (Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia), significant and modern car production capacities were built due to foreign direct investment inflows. According to the results of mainstream research, the automotive industry can make a substantial contribution to the growth of the GDP of the affected national economy. In the V4 countries, the opposite has taken place in the automotive industry over the past decade. Automotive production increased in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia but decreased in Poland. The study seeks to answer the question of the close relationship between automotive output and changes in GDP in the countries concerned. The correlation calculation results show that the automotive industry has a powerfully positive effect on GDP growth in countries where the sector's contribution is significant and growing dynamically.
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Toshkulov, Juraboy. "CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL BASIS OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE SECULAR STATE AND RELIGION: FOREIGN AND UZBEKISTAN EXPERIENCE." Review of Law Sciences 6, no. 3 (October 10, 2022): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2022.6.3./woas9818.
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The article analyzes the types of states in terms of the content and essence of state-religious relations, the constitutional and legal foundations of freedom of conscience in accordance with the constitutions of the United States of America, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Poland, the French Republic, the Republic of Turkey, Japan, the Republic of Estonia, Czech Republic and the Republic of Uzbekistan, their common features, similarities and differences, using secular scientific and comparative methods, appropriate conclusions are drawn, suggestions are made on the directions of research work that will be carried out in the future. Given the growing influence of the religious factor in the socio-political, spiritual and ideological spheres in the current period, and also taking the intensified preparation of constitutional reforms in our country into account, the author considers it relevant: a deep and comprehensive study of international and regional documents on the relationship between the state and religion with scientific analysis; conducting extensive scientific research on the genesis and evolution of the norms governing relations between the state and religion; a comparative study of the legislation of foreign, including secular countries, regulating relations between the state and religion in practice in the current period and making suggestions and recommendations on the critical use of achievements in this regard in improving national legislation. Also, considering the activation of socio-political forces that are trying to use religion for political purposes, and the fact that they pose a serious threat to countries, regions and international security that use religion as a disguise, especially Islam, the development of the draft “Convention against terrorism under the mask of religion” and its adoption by the UN General Assembly is a requirement of the time.
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Kubíčková, Lea, Martina Toulová, Marcela Tuzová, and Lucie Veselá. "The internationalization motives of SMEs from the Czech Republic in the context of EU accession." Society and Economy 38, no. 3 (September 2016): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/204.2016.38.3.6.
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Foreign competition in domestic markets is still strengthening and for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) internationalization may be one way to deal with this growing rivalry. Pangarkar (2008) states that for SMEs the benefits of internationalization outweigh its disadvantages and that with the increasing degree of involvement in the internationalization process the performance of SMEs also improves. However, for SMEs from some sectors of our economy, involvement in internationalization is more complex than for large enterprises; moreover, they are often inclined to enter foreign markets due to different motives. The authors carried out several surveys among Czech SMEs during the last three years and found that SMEs from some sectors of the Czech economy mentioned the EU accession of the Czech Republic as their motive for internationalization. The aim of this paper is to find out whether EU membership represents the determining factor of the SMEs’ decision to get involved in internationalization, and what its advantages or disadvantages are as perceived by SMEs in connection with their international activities. Conclusions are drawn on the basis of primary data obtained from Czech SMEs through electronic questionnaire surveys.
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Chetverikova, A. "Investment Ties of Visegrad Countries." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 3 (2022): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-3-90-100.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the investment ties of the Visegrad Group countries over the last three decades with the emphasis on the period of their EU membership. Transformation and subsequent integration into the EU predetermined certain imbalances in investment sectors of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, some of which still remain. The Visegrad countries continue to be strong importers of capital, but Hungary and the Czech Republic were able to equalize several imbalances, which is manifested in increased export opportunities. The importance of FDI for the Visegrad economies is only increasing, which exacerbates the problem of external dependence and associated risks. The territorial diversification of investment ties is among positive trends, but dependence on several economies of the European market is preserved. A quantitative analysis of sectoral imbalances has shown that the Czech Republic and Hungary have the least diversified outward FDI, Hungary – inward FDI. Slovakia has the most diversified FDI sectoral structure. The analysis of several types of investments indicates a certain exhaustion of the potential of the Visegrad market. Large companies and their projects and deals continue to play a significant role in investment ties of the V4. At the same time, Visegrad companies are not inferior to foreign ones in terms of volume of investments, which is often associated with their sectors of specialization – raw materials. The branch network of Visegrad companies is small compared to the foreign one, which plays a significant role in the V4 labor markets and produces a significant share of production. Investment ties of the Visegrad countries have common features, while maintaining the characteristics of each of them.
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Andreiko, Vitaliy. "BUILDING A STABLE SYSTEM OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA: EXPERIENCE FOR." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 2 (39) (December 11, 2018): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(39).2018.165130.
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Chetverikova, A. "Central Europe in the Pandemic Era: First Economic Results." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 3 (2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-3-92-101.
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The article analyzes the response of the Visegrad Group countries to the 2020 pandemic. Measures are outlined that were taken by Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to support their economies, including efforts to stabilize labour markets and measures for several most affected sectors. The author assesses the main economic indicators of the Visegrad countries during the first half of 2020 in the light of the consequences of imposed restrictive measures. The reaction of the Visegrad economies to the pandemic correlates with the pan-European reaction. Special attention is paid to the condition of the foreign trade sector of the “four” members, which plays an important role in their economies. The dynamic of foreign trade relations of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic with the European Union and Russia during the pandemic is analyzed. Mutual trade flows within the Visegrad Group are evaluated in the light of opportunities to compensate downturns in other markets. Possible prospects for the development of the Visegrad Group after the pandemic are considered. The existing forecasts of the Group’s countries development are analyzed. The factors influencing the recovery process in the Visegrad countries are given. The consequences of COVID 19 will affect many sectors of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, which will not be able to cope with them without the EU support. Realization of opportunities including the emergence of more innovative elements in their economies that meet the challenges of the 21st century, will also depend on the members of the Visegrad Group themselves. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project “Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).
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Cabada, Ladislav. "Struggle against Disinformation in the Czech Republic: Treading the Water." Politics in Central Europe 19, s1 (September 1, 2023): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2023-0017.
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Abstract In the last decade, the Czech Republic’s foreign and security policy were destabilised with the activities of external actors, with Russia in the leading role, and also internal actors who followed the Russian and pro-Kremlin propaganda and disinformation campaigns and/or actively participated in such subversive activities. After 2015, within the set of crises and their securitisation, the disinformation network in Czechia was developed using the social media and the so-called alternative online media for the dissemination of disinformation, misinformation, fake news and chain mails including and disseminating these campaigns. As far as the leading persons in the executive belonged to the disinformers, the government did not develop working strategies against the disinformation campaigns as the new hybrid threat until 2021. At the end of 2021, the new government of Prime Minister Petr Fiala commenced in the Czech Republic with a new strategy regarding the hybrid threats, including disinformation. The one-year plan to establish the systemic platform for the struggle against such threats was challenged with the Russian aggression against Ukraine. The surprisingly strong response to disinformation campaigns after February 24, 2022, suggested a more systematic approach by the government against fake news and incitement to hatred. A year and a half on, however, we are seeing a stalling in place.
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Serapionova, Elena. "The Interim treaty between the RSFSR and Czechoslovakia: on the 100th anniversary of signing." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2022): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2022.1-2.1.04.
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The article is devoted to establishing contacts of Soviet Russia and Czechoslovakia. It also deals with the signing of the first treaty between the countries on June 5, 1922. The centenary of the document and the complicated Russian-Czech relations in recent years determine the relevance of addressing these subjects. The aim of the article is on the basis of documents found in the Russian Foreign Policy Archive (the correspondence of the Soviet representatives in Prague S. I. Gillerson and P. N. Mostovenko with the People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs V. G. Chicherin and his deputy M. M. Litvinov), as well as on published materials on the history of Soviet-Czechoslovak relations, to explain the contradictions that existed between the parties and to show ways of overcoming them. Based on the latest research by Russian and Czech historians, the author analyses the international situation of that time, the terms of the agreement, draws attention to the fact that the agreement was not ratified by the Parliament of the Czechoslovak Republic, but came into effect by a government decree. It is concluded that the strategic goal of the Soviet foreign policy to achieve a de jure recognition was not implemented at that time. However, the Interim Treaty meant a de facto recognition of the RSFSR and created conditions for the development of trade and economic cooperation.
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Voss, Eckhard. "Laboratories of the new Europe: trade unions, employee interest representation and participation in foreign investment enterprises in central and eastern Europe." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 12, no. 4 (November 2006): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890601200408.
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This article examines a number of aspects of the industrial relations practices of foreign investors in central and eastern Europe, focusing on trade union structures, employee interest representation, and consultation and social dialogue at the company level. Based on evidence from selected companies in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, the paper argues that the experiences of multinational companies with regard to employee interest representation and shop-floor trade unionism should be regarded as ‘laboratories of learning processes' which are not only having an impact on the ongoing transformation of industrial relations and corporate cultures in the new Member States but also on the whole of Europe, most notably the future shape of institutionalised employee participation.
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Svatoš, Miroslav, and Luboš Smutka. "Visegrad Countries - Agrarian Foreign Trade Development in Relation to Their Total Merchandise Trade Performance." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2014.14.4.81.
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The paper analyzes merchandise and especially agrarian trade of Visegrad (V4) countries. It especially analyzes their mutual trade relations. The main aim is to identify changes in the agricultural sector which have happened during the last decade and to compare differences existing in the area of merchandise and agricultural trade development. Another very important objective is related to mutual trade realized among V4 countries. In this case the paper identifies basic trends in the area of each country’s trade development. Mutual agrarian trade competitiveness is also analyzed. On the basis of the findings, it can be said that merchandise and agricultural trade for each V4 country changed significantly during the analysed time period. In relation to agricultural trade it can be mentioned that it represents only a marginal part of the total merchandise trade. Agrarian trade for individual V4 countries’ commodity structures as well as the territorial structure are very significantly concentrated. The predominant majority of agricultural trade – export as well as import – is carried out with EU countries. In this case it is necessary to emphasize that V4 countries are also important trade partners for each other. On the basis of Visegrad countries’ mutual trade analysis it is possible to say that the main traders active on the V4 market are the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The most competitive actors operating in the V4 market are Poland and Hungary. If we analyze each country’s export performance we can see that the V4 market is dominated by Poland and the Czech Republic.
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Stankov, Nikolai N. "Vlastimil Tusar’s Governments and the German Problem in Czechoslovakia (July, 1919 — September, 1920)." Central-European Studies 2020, no. 3 (12) (2021): 188–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2020.3.9.
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The author of this article deals the with problem of the German minority in the Czechoslovak Republic using archival and published documents and investigates the policy of Vlastimil Tusar’s two governments (the first from July 8, 1919 to May 25, 1920, and the second from May 25 till September 15, 1920). The author pays special attention to Tusar’s personal efforts in settling the German Bohemians’ problem, and to his negotiations with the leaders of German political parties, primarily with the German social democratic workers’ party in Czechoslovakia, and his efforts to reach agreements with them. The author shows the foreign and domestic political reasons that blocked the success of these negotiations. The most important of the latter were the disagreements between the Czechoslovak ruling circles and German political leaders (including social democrats) over the questions of the settlement of the Czechoslovak Republic. While the Czech politicians were trying to create “a national state”, the German leaders demanded the formation of “a state of nationalities”. The latter insisted on dividing the state on the basis of national belonging and its formation following the model of the Swiss confederation. In addition, the German-Bohemian parties demanded changes to Czechoslovak foreign policy: they were against a unilateral orientation to France and participation in any coalitions, and they were for the establishment of friendly relations with all states including Germany and Austria. It was difficult to reach a mutual understanding because the Czechoslovak political elite refused to agree that German political parties could participate in the elaboration of the constitution and other basic laws of the Republic. The author of the article considers the 1920 parliamentary elections that took place after the passing of the constitution of Czechoslovak Republic, the activity of the German political clubs in the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia, the foundation of the German parliamentary union, and the attitude of the German-Bohemian political parties to the second Tusar government. The article also deals with the relations between the Czech and German Social Democrats, perspectives on the participation of Germans in the Tusar governments, and the reasons for the resignation of the latter in September 1920. According to the author, “the Red–Green Coalition” headed by Tusar was not able to achieve international reconciliation and corroboration because there were widespread prejudices between Czechs and Germans, which were made full use of by nationalists from both sides in the course of the political fight.
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Yeboah, Evans. "Does Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness Support Economic Development? Evidence from Four European Countries." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 70, no. 4 (December 5, 2023): 585–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0033.
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The European Union (EU) as a political and economic union has provided many benefits to its member states through the single market and common tariffs that serves as a platform for internal trade and international trade with third-world countries. The study aimed to investigate the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness on economic development in four selected countries including the Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, and Slovakia using panel data from 1995 to 2021. The data was obtained from the World Bank and analyzed through econometric methods such as pooled model, fixed effect model, random effect model, and the dynamic panel model. The between transformation results using the pooled ordinary least squares indicated that the Czech Republic had the highest intercept coefficient, followed by Slovakia, Lithuania, and Estonia, respectively. The panel specification test discovered that the pooled model was inadequate, and the random effect model is the most appropriate to be used. The results from the random and fixed effects models displayed that FDI and trade openness have a positive impact on economic growth in these countries. Additionally, the dynamic panel outcome proved a positive effect of FDI and trade openness. The study recommends that governments in these countries improve their business environment to attract more FDI and trade relations with other countries.
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Dyrina, Anna. "ON THE POST-SOCIALIST PATH OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2021): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.02.13.
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The article examines the current state of affairs in Belarus and Serbia - two countries that previously were parts of the socialist federal states, but currently belong to the regions of Eastern Europe and the Balkans/South-Eastern Europe, respectively. The first part of the article is devoted to Belarusian-Serbian relations. Political cooperation is developing at the presidential, governmental and parliamentary levels, and interaction is also carried out at the level of various departments, regions and cities. For Serbia, the support from Belarus on the international scene is important, in particular, in the issue of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Serbia. The second part of the article is devoted to Serbia’s relations with the EU and the countries of the Adriatic Euroregion. On December 22, 2009 Serbia applied for EU membership. Despite the significant progress in the negotiations, Serbia has not yet become one of the EU member states. The third part of the article analyzes relations between Belarus and its neighbors, as well as cooperation with the EU. The European Union is the second most important market for Belarusian exports (after Russia). The main trading partners of Belarus among European countries, based on the indicators of bilateral trade in 2019, are Germany, Poland, Great Britain, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Italy, Turkey, Latvia, France, Belgium, and the Czech Republic. The article concludes on the state and prospects of Belarusian-Serbian relations, cooperation of Belarus and Serbia with the EU and neighboring countries, and gives a description of the political systems and foreign policy of Belarus and Serbia.
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Danilov, Dmitriy. "Russia – EU: Dialogue without Dialogue." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 20, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran22021715.
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The article deals with the problems of political and diplomatic relations between Russia and the European Union. The key event was the meeting of Josep Borrel as the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov in Moscow in February 2021. The Russian side considered it as an opportunity to outline the prospect of resuming the political dialogue interrupted by the European Union in 2014, notably in the context of the reviewing a strategy on Russia initiated by the EU. The author analyzes the differences in the approaches of European countries and institutions in the context of the ongoing aggravation of Russia – EU relations. The main result of the meeting was not its «ineffectiveness», but, on the contrary, its obvious counterproductive effect. The EU has even more consolidated its policy of deterring Russia and increasing sanctions pressure, which actually closes the prospect for systemic dialogue. In this context, the political and diplomatic conflict in connection with the mass expulsion of Russian diplomats by the Czech Republic (the «Czech case») and the narrowing of opportunities to compensate for the EU-Russia dialogue shortcomings by bilateral tracks are also considered. In conclusion, some finding are presented regarding the perspective Russian reaction.
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Kühnlová, Hana. "Concepts and Contents of Geographical Education in Future: International Trends and Their Reflection in the Czech Republic." Geografie 102, no. 3 (1997): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1997102030161.
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The idea, concepts, aims and contents of geographical education need a substantial transformation. New approach towards geography training should include more stress on basic orientation in the world, understanding of spatial relations, ability to environmentally sensitive decision-making and knowledge of foreign cultures. The latter should help students to coexit with members of other nations. Expert-oriented and didactical training of future teachers must be modernized. Changes of advanced studies for practising teachers should become part of the general transformation.
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ŠLOUF, Vlastimil, Martin BLAHA, Ondřej PEKAŘ, Lenka BRIZGALOVÁ, and Vojtěch MÜLLNER. "AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE RATIONAL AMOUNT OF FUNDS ALLOCATED TO DEFENCE OF THE CR." Obrana a strategie (Defence and Strategy) 23, no. 1 (June 25, 2023): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.149-172.
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The present paper presents an alternative approach to determining rational defence spending of the Czech Republic concerning the evolution of a society’s wealth, expressed in terms of the financial valuation of tangible fixed assets. The authors describe the view that the government’s stated commitment to defence spending of 2% is a political decision that does not reflect the impact of the wealth achieved by society, the likelihood of an attack by a foreign power, and the expected level of damage caused by an attack. The authors present a model for determining rational defence spending based on the fair insurance model. The authors conclude that the rational expenditure on the defence of the Czech Republic’s wealth should be between 3.5% and 4.2% of GDP.
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Presová, Radmila, Oldřich Tvrdoň, and Andrea Živělová. "Importance of intrastat in EU intra-Community trade." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 3 (2008): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856030175.
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The paper deals with the importance of Intrastat and Eurostat for mutual trade with goods between EU countries and third countries. It informs about the importance of statistical data for all legal forms of trade companies, multinational companies, public administration institutions and service businesses. It points out that accepting the Czech Republic as a member of EU changed the use of terminology in foreign trade. For goods transactions between EU member states the terms sending and receiving are used, whereas the traditional terminology export – import is used for foreign trade with the third countries.Paper describes legal regulations including the instructions for statistical data records, specifically the Directive of the European parliament and Council No. 638/2004, appended by the Commission directive No. 1980/2004 and Public notice of the Czech statistical office from 18th May, 2005. Based on the retrospective view it shows the development of legal regulation and the importance of quoted directive for determining and recording statistical data. It notifies that statistical data are necessary for recognition of the course of integration of the internal market, formation of agricultural policy and adopting anti-dumping measures. Paper acquaints with organisation of statistics within the European Union. It also notifies that statistical system includes also the countries of Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein.Results of foreign trade in 2007 show the involvement of the Czech Republic in mutual trade with the EU countries, to which 85.22 % of the total value of exported goods was sent, which represents the amount of CZK 194 056 per inhabitant of the Czech Republic. In the same year, goods of the total share of 69.90 % was received from the EU countries, which represents the amount of CZK 162 021 per inhabitant. Our most important trade partner is Germany, with which we have reached the turnover of CZK 1 429 986. According to the goods nomenclature, the highest share was exported in the case of motor vehicles (18.25 %), and machines and equipment (11.90 %).Calculation was done using the method of vertical and horizontal analysis. Authors got to the conclusion, that the use of these methods only is insufficient for evaluation of the mutual trade relations’ dynamics. Total values have to be recalculated to a comparable indicator, which is one inhabitant of a particular country.
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Lardy, Nicholas R. "The Role of Foreign Trade and Investment in China's Economic Transformation." China Quarterly 144 (December 1995): 1065–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000004732.
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In the almost two decades since economic reform began in China the role of the foreign sector has burgeoned in ways that no one anticipated. The volume of foreign trade and the role of foreign capital are both far greater than could have been foreseen based on the modest Chinese economic reforms initiated in the late 1970s. By the mid-1990s China had become one of the world's largest trading nations, the recipient of more foreign direct investment than any other country in the world, the largest borrower from the World Bank, the largest recipient of official development assistance in the form of low-interest, long-term concessionary loans from industrialized countries, and, except for the Czech Republic, the only transition economy with ready access to international capital and equity markets.
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Hopta, I. "Slovak-Ukrainian Trade and Economic Relations." Post-Soviet Issues 6, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-3-259-268.
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This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of trade and economic relations between the Slovak Republic and Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the evolution, dynamics and current state of economic cooperation that takes place between these states, while taking into account cultural, historical, political, economic and geographical factors.The author has identified key actors in the Slovak-Ukrainian trade and economic cooperation, whose activities have a direct impact on the level and quality of bilateral relations. Attention is also focused on the study of foreign trade between the two countries, within the framework of which the dynamics of mutual trade, exports, imports and their commodity structure are examined in detail. In addition, analyzes the inflow of direct investment of Slovakia and Ukraine, directed into the economy of each other. Prospective areas of mutually beneficial and pragmatic Slovak-Ukrainian cooperation were identified.The overwhelming majority of the information database of the analysis consisted of official documents, materials and resources of the central state authorities of Slovakia and Ukraine, scientific works of Czech and Slovak scientists, as well as Internet sources.
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Hung, Ngo Thai. "Market integration among foreign exchange rate movements in central and eastern European countries." Society and Economy 42, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/204.2020.00001.
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AbstractThis study focuses on the level of interdependence across the Central and Eastern European (CEE) foreign exchange markets (Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Romania and Croatia) from September 2008 to September 2017, using the return spillover measure proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009; 2012). We mainly find a bidirectional volatility spillover among these assets and the cross-market linkages in the CEE region have become stronger over time. Furthermore, the Czech exchange market has a significant influence on the rest of the foreign exchange markets. The total spillover remained very high over the periods 2010–2012 and 2015–2017, despite the noteworthy fluctuations in other periods. These results would also be useful for portfolio managers, policy makers and speculative traders to develop exploitable strategies, by providing knowledge of the transmission mechanisms of the volatility of foreign exchange markets. The results may support the distribution of assets in a financial portfolio, especially after financial integration.
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Plenta, Peter. "The European Two-Level Game in Central Asia: Visegrad Countries and Kazakhstan." International Studies Review 17, no. 2 (October 19, 2016): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01702004.
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Since 2007, the European Union has developed a strategy towards Central Asia. Relations with the region have created an opportunity to focus on a wider spectrum of interests across different levels of EU foreign policy. This article examines the “two-level game” between EU member states (from Central Europe) and EU institutions in Brussels regarding economic interests versus values agenda with the focus on Kazakhstan. In this game, the EU’s member states focus on developing trade and economic relations while they let space for the EU’s institutions to discuss sensitive issues, such as democracy promotion and human rights dialogue. This is the case for the Visegrad countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) that prefer a pragmatic approach towards Kazakhstan as the most important country in the Central Asian region.
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Afanasieva, N. D. "On the current situation with the russian language in the cis and foreign countries." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-2-14-115-125.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the situation with the Russian language presence in the CIS and foreign countries has changed. Statesmen of range of former Soviet republics in their plans to involve schoolchildren and students in further development of relations with Russia and encourage the use, the Russian language in their work, consider the possibility of the labor market expansion, closer cooperation in the sphere of education in Russian largest universities, and of science partnership with Russian scientific institutions. Europe, Asia and Africa face an increase in interest in the studying of the Russian language. Homever, its position declines in some countries, for example in Germany. Russian was a compulsory course in public schools of former socialist countries till 1990, but after the collapse of the socialist system, their governments abandoned this practice. But in recent years Russian language is gaining popularity among students, for example, in Poland and the Czech Republic. The Chinese, South Koreans and the Indian people also show interest in studying Russian language, literature and culture. En Africa Russian is spoken by the graduates of Russian universities and people who worked with Russian partners. Due to positive changes in the Russian economy, its business relations with foreign partners, and the need to communicate in Russian when working together, there is some increase in the number of foreigners who choose to study the Russian language. En addition, this is often associated with the desire to learn Russian language in order to embrace national Russian values.
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Kočí, Kateřina, Zbyněk Dubský, and Ilona Burgrová. "Sports Diplomacy and Gender: Equal Opportunities for Women in Czech Basketball." Politics in Central Europe 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 451–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2021-0019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article focuses on the role of equal opportunities and gender in the sports environment, examining their impacts on the creation and functioning of sports diplomacy. Subsequently, in the form of a case study it first concentrates on the Czech sports environment and women’s representation in international and national sports federations. In the final part, it examines the basketball environment and analyses its individual structures. Women are not sufficiently represented as coaches, referees or officials. Several main challenges are mentioned: the perception of sport as a predominantly male phenomenon, the overall society setting fixed on traditional perceptions of the role of women and men in the Czech Republic, a small number of suitable female sports models, the time-consuming character of the activities, gender stereotypes at work, the absence of suitable conditions for reconciling family and work life and the low self-confidence of female candidates. The article concludes that the Czech sports environment (including basketball) is markedly masculine, and women face a number of barriers, which in practice are reflected in the Czech Republic’s representation in international sport organisations and the way in which sports diplomacy is used as a foreign policy tool.
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Rohan, Jan, and Lukáš Moravec. "Tax Information Exchange Influence on Czech Based Companies’ Behavior in Relation to Tax Havens." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 2 (2017): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765020721.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, borders between countries have been opened gradually thanks to globalization, which is reflected in minimal barriers to the movement of persons and capital. This situation could be potentially abused by taxpayers willing to shift the capital to preferential tax jurisdictions. Due to facts aforementioned, several instruments for tax administrators have been introduced. Bilateral and multilateral instruments are concluded with particular countries for the purpose of obtaining information about foreign residents staying abroad but also to avoid double taxation or double non‑taxation. In recent years there has been an increased number of companies in the Czech Republic whose owners come from preferential tax jurisdiction from 12,676 up to 13,167. This paper is focused on the Czech taxpayers’ reaction on concluding agreements concerning exchange of information in tax matters with preferential tax jurisdictions, the so‑called “Tax havens”. The Difference‑in‑Differences Method was carried out to predict the taxpayers’ behavior. The model shows that the agreements work well as a preventive tool. If the Czech Republic concludes the agreement with the tax haven, the taxpayers lose their anonymity. This results in their relocation into tax havens that are not covered by the agreement in order to keep their anonymity.