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Journal articles on the topic 'Czechoslovak units'
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1
Rychlík, Jan. "The “Velvet Split ” of Czechoslovakia (1989‑1992)." Politeja 15, no. 6(57) (August 13, 2019): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.57.10.
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The elections in June 1992 brought to power Vladimir Meciar‘s Movement for Democratic Slovakia (HZDS) in Bratislava and Vaclav Klaus‘ Civic Democratic Party (ODS) in Prague. In the concept of HZDS the idea of a parity (which is impossible to achieve between two units of differing size) gradually came to be associated with the concept of “Slovak sovereignty” and Slovakia’s “international legal subjectivity”, both incompatible with Czechoslovakia’s further existence. Such confederative model brought Czechs nothing but troubles. Subsequently, Prague now lost interest in keeping Slovakia within the Czechoslovak state. The result was “the velvet divorce” of Czechoslovakia on 31 December 1992.
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Novak, Jakub. "Women of the Legion: Unrecognized Members of the First Czechoslovak Army." Vesnik pravne istorije 1, no. 2/2020 (June 15, 2021): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51204/hlh_20207a.
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This paper introduces the reader to aspects of service of women in the Czechoslovak legion in Russia and conditions under which they could have received status of a legionnaire after their return from Russia. This legal status was established in the year 1920 and was meant as a reward for those who served in any of the Czechoslovak military units in exile (the Czechoslovak legions) during the war and fought for independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but was awarded almost exclusively to men. The paper analyses the legal reasons for this, which is later demonstrated on several specific cases.
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Valiakhmetov, Al’bert Nailevich. "INFLUENCE OF FEBRUARY REVOLUTION OF 1917 ON CZECHOSLOVAK MILITARY UNITS FORMATION AS IT IS INTERPRETED BY CZECHOSLOVAK LEGIONARY LITERATURE." Manuscript, no. 6 (June 2018): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/manuscript.2018-6.2.
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Moshechkov, Petr V. "The solution for the problem of the transportation of the first Czechoslovak transports to France (second half of 1917 — the beginning of 1918)." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2020): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.1-2.1.10.
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The article is concerned with the history of organization and transportation of the first two Czechoslovak echelons from Russia to France. It is aimed at tracing the idea of sending of a part of Czech and Slovak prisoners of war to the Western front. This intention was for the first time expressed by leaders of the Czechoslovak National Council founded in Paris in February 1916. This decision appeared in connection with the shortage of soldiers in the French army and of workers in the war industry of the Third Republic. In this respect, the research touches upon the basic aspects of the negotiations conducted by J. Dürich, M. R. Štefánik and T. G. Masaryk with the Russian governmental and military institutions. The article also dwells on the preparation of departure of these Czechoslovak units by the northern route - via Arkhangelsk and Murmansk and the cooperation between the Branch of the Czechoslovak National Council and the French military missions in Russia in supplying for the volunteers. The article is based on the documents from the collections of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, Russian State Historical Archive, Military Central Archive of Czech Republic and published materials.
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PAHIRIA, OLEKSANDR. "COOPERATION BETWEEN THE CZECHOSLOVAK MILITARY AND THE CARPATHIAN SICH TO COUNTERACT SABOTAGE ACTIONS BY POLAND AND HUNGARY AGAINST CARPATHO-UKRAINE (1938–1939)." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 32 (2019): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2019-32-97-112.
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The article examines one of the little-studied aspects of the subversive operation of Poland and Hungary against Carpatho-Ukraine, namely the military cooperation between the Carpathian Sich and the Czechoslovak Army and security agencies (StOS, gendarmery, state police, and financial guard) in the protection of the borders of the autonomous region against attacks by Polish and Hungarian saboteurs in fall 1938 – early 1939. Drawing on Czech and Polish archival materials, as well as memoirs, the author establishes the role of Czechoslovak officers in the provision of arms, ammunition, and training for the Carpathian Sich units, as well as in their engagement in joint intelligence and counter-sabotage activities in the border areas with Poland and Hungary. Such actions produced a joint Czech-Ukrainian response to the undeclared "hybrid war" waged by Poland and Hungary against Carpatho-Ukraine, which final aim was to establish a common frontier in the Carpathians. Despite its largely secondary (auxiliary) function in this operation, the Carpathian Sich members were able not only to demonstrate efficiency in the fight against Hungarian and Polish militants but at the same time to become a source of information for the Czechoslovak intelligence. From the point of view of the Czechoslovak command's interests, the Carpathian Sich served as a "non-state actor," who was trying to counter-balance the enemy's non-regular formations. The mentioned military cooperation marked the first stage in relations between the Carpathian Sich and the Czechoslovak military that started in the first half of November 1938 and ended in mid-January 1939 with the nomination by Prague of Czech general Lev Prchala as the third minister in the autonomous government of Carpatho-Ukraine. For the Carpathian Sich, the cooperation with the Czechoslovak security agencies produced their first combat experience and served as the source of replenishment of its scarce arsenal. Keywords: Carpatho-Ukraine, Carpathian Sich, sabotage, Poland, Hungary, "Lom" operation.
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Wohlmuth, Petr. "Zoufalství, jaderné rakety a magické hory. Uchronický příběh bývalého vojáka základní služby." Český lid 108, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21104/cl.2021.2.01.
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The text follows the post-cultural turn oral history paradigm, as expressed in concepts of Luisa Passerini, Alessandro Portelli, and others. It also makes use of the “dream stories” (Traumgeschichten) research by Reinhart Koselleck, to discover and interpret the cultural processes and forms related to the problematic historical subjectivity of an ex-Czechoslovak People’s Army conscript. The main historical source is the recorded oral-history narrative of a person, whose compulsory military service (1975–1977) led to a decidedly negative turn in his life. The narrator attempted to treat his shaken historical subjectivity through the creative construction of an elaborate uchronic story, merging his own military experience with motifs of imaginary service in units armed with nuclear weapons, with contemporary legends dealing with similar topics, and with older cultural strata, highlighting the phenomenon of “magical mountains” and apocalyptic military prophecies.
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Safyanyuk, Zoryana. "Peculiarities of Real Educational Institutions Functioning in the Subcarpathian Rus (Pidkarpatska Rus)." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 1, no. 2-3 (December 22, 2014): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.1.2-3.219-223.
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The article highlights historical and pedagogical aspects of the development of realsecondary educational institutions that functioned in the territory of the Subcarpathian Rus (1919-1939). After World War I the Czechoslovak Republic undertook a commitment to arrangeTranscarpathia as an administrative unit entitled the “Subcarpathian Rus”. The situation withUkrainian schools in the Subcarpathian Rus was very poor. Only two town schools wereUkrainian. In spite of the language chaos in the land, Rus (Ukrainian) town schools started to be setup and Hungarian ones started being re-organized. In the 20ies – 30ies in the Subcarpathian Rus asthere appeared real national secondary schools (real grammar schools) in which students weremainly Ukrainians. In real grammar schools with their utilitarian nature of the content of educationthere could be traced the growth in the number of students due to improved access to thoseinstitutions. However, gradually, the trend towards Czechization could be traced, a number offorms with Czech as the language of teaching were opened. The Academy of Sciences in Prague,having researched the language issue, decided that the language the “Subcarpathian Rus people”were speaking was identical to the Ukrainian language of the Halychyna people, thereforeUkrainian was acknowledged to be the language of teaching at Ukrainian real grammar schools.All in all, as of 1933 Ukrainian real grammar schools in Berehovo, Khust, Mukachevo andUzhhorod had 46 forms, parallel Czech units in Khust, Mukachevo and Uzhhorod had 20 forms,parallel Hungarian units in Berehovo had 12 forms, the reformed Jewish grammar school inMukachevo had 8 forms. In total there were 9 secondary schools.
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Jarnecki, Michał, and Mykoła Palinczak. "Kwestie i spory religijne na terenie Rusi Zakarpackiej w czechosłowackim epizodzie jej dziejów." Sprawy Narodowościowe, no. 45 (December 31, 2014): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2014.025.
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The issues and religious disputes in Carpathian Ruthenia in Czechoslovak period and its echoes behind the AtlanticIn Subcarpathian Ruthenia in the interwar period – during her membership in Czechoslovakia, one of the sharper conflict was a dispute between two Christian churches. In fact, the rivalry of the two churches began even earlier, during the Hungarian reign – before 1918, but broke out with the new intensity in the interwar period. The Czech authorities, retained neutrality in the confessional disputes, unlike its predecessors, favoring the units. The dispute also had political significance – namely in the conflict between national orientations: Russophile and Ukrainian. Both churches were not monoliths and shook them as internal tensions, including politically motivated ones. Religious conflicts had also their roots and echoes on the other side of the Atlantic. Part of the Greek-Catholic immigrants Transcarpathian did not want to submit to the American Catholic hierarchy, who failed to see the specifics of this group of emigrants. During the period between the Uniate Church recorded outflow faithful to the Orthodox Church, by almost 5% (from nearly 55% to 50.2%) and Orthodox increase by approximately the same proportion – over 15% of the population. Kwestie i spory religijne na terenie Rusi Zakarpackiej w czechosłowackim epizodzie jej dziejówNa Rusi Zakarpackiej w okresie międzywojennym, podczas jej przynależności do Czechosłowacji, jednym z ostrzejszych konfliktów był spór pomiędzy dwoma chrześcijańskimi Kościołami. Faktycznie rywalizacja dwóch Kościołów zaczęła się wcześniej, za rządów węgierskich – przed 1918 rokiem, ale rozgorzała z nową intensywnością w okresie międzywojennym, kiedy władze czeskie, zachowywały neutralność w tych konfesyjnych sporach, w przeciwieństwie od poprzedników, faworyzujących unitów. Spór miał także aspekt polityczny – ocierając się o konflikt między orientacjami narodowymi: ukraińską i rosyjską. Oba Kościoły nie były monolitami i wstrząsały nimi także wewnętrzne napięcia, w tym na tle politycznym. Konflikty na tle religijnym miały też swoje zaoceaniczne korzenie i echa, gdzie część grekokatolickich emigrantów zakarpackich nie chciała się podporządkować amerykańskiej hierarchii katolickiej, nie dostrzegającej specyfiki tej grupy wychodźców. Podczas okresu międzywojennego Kościół unicki odnotował odpływ wiernych na rzecz prawosławia, o prawie 5% (z prawie 55 do 50,2%), a Cerkiew Prawosławna przyrost o mniej więcej o ten sam odsetek – do ponad 15% mieszkańców.
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Ochrana, František, Michal Plaček, and Milan Jan Půček. "Shortfall of Strategic Governance and Strategic Management in the Czech Republic." Central European Journal of Public Policy 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cejpp-2016-0024.
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Abstract The article analyses the problems of strategic governance and strategic management of the Czechoslovak Government, as well as the Government of the Czech Republic in the years 1989-2016. It seeks the causes and factors that have caused the low levels of strategic governance and strategic management at the level of the ministries of the Czech Republic. It examines the problem from genetic and historical perspective, and from the organizational and human capacity to exercise strategic governance. The study is based on two pieces of empirical research within the ministries of the Czech Republic. It identifies the main cause of failure of strategic governance and strategic management at the level of the central government of the Czech Republic. These include, in particular, the persistent distrust of the ideas of strategic governance and strategic management held by the right-wing governments and the generally low capacity of governments of the Czech Republic to engage in strategic governance. The organizational structure of the central state administration lacks the strategic units that generate ideas for supporting strategic governance. The empirical research of the ministries of the Czech Republic also revealed that policy workers in Czech ministries dedicate a large proportion of their work time to operational and administrative activities at the expense of analytical and strategic activities. The changes require implementation of reforms within the public administration, which (among other things) will eliminate the existing causes and inhibiting factors regarding the lack of strategic governance in the Czech Republic.
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Sribniak, Ihor. "Military Vocational and General Education of the Interned Soldiers of the UNR Army at Camp Strzałkowo in Poland (August 1921 – 1922): Realization Patterns." European Historical Studies, no. 16 (2020): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.16.12.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of military-professional and general education of interned Ukrainian soldiers in the Strzałkowo camp (August 1921 – 1922). Due to this, the top political leadership and command of the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic hoped to lay the foundations for a conscious understanding of state needs and the priority of national interests. The task of establishing military-professional and general education of the military in the Strzałkowo camp was entrusted to the camp’s cultural and educational department, which was to interact with similar structures of individual units. Due to the total lack of any resources for these needs in the State Center of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile, the activities of educational centers in the Strzałkowo camp were always marked by great difficulties, as a result, the work of most educational courses and schools was irregular, which usually worsened the very quality of knowledge of the campers. But despite this situation, the initiative minority of campers managed to ensure the activities of a number of schools and educational courses, giving the rest of the internees the opportunity to fill their camp existence with constructive content. A very significant contribution to the work of most of the camp’s cultural and educational centers was made by the American Charitable Organization YМСА, which spared no expense for most of the educational needs of the campers. Camp public organizations, whose members were involved in teaching work with the rest of the camp, also contributed to the intensification of educational work in Strzałkowo, and in addition made every effort to improve their own general education level. It is thanks to this combination that a large number of camp teachers were able to prepare for admission and study in higher education institutions in Poland and the Czechoslovak Republic, adapting to the conditions of emigration.
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Andrle, Alois, and Vladimír Srb. "A Come-back to the Term "Town" in Czechoslovakia." Geografie 95, no. 2 (1990): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1990095020117.
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The paper reacts to the article published in Sborník ČSGS, 94, 2, p., 103-106 (1989) on the proposal of the authors of a new conception of the terms "urban-rural" published in Sborník ČSGS, 93, 2, p. 103-115 (1988) and Sborník ČSGS, 93, 4, p. 252-264 (1988). The authors stress the fact that at the present time no other demographic data for the analysis of the number and movement of population than those concerning villages at the smallest territorial units are at the disposal.
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Kymlicka, Will. "Social Unity in a Liberal State." Social Philosophy and Policy 13, no. 1 (1996): 105–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001540.
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Around the world, multiethnic states are in trouble. Many have proven unable to create or sustain any sense of solidarity across ethnic lines. The members of one ethnic group are unwilling to respect the rights of the members of other groups, or to make sacrifices for them, and have no trust that any sacrifice they might make will be reciprocated.Recent events show that where this sort of solidarity and trust is lacking, the consequences can be disastrous. In some countries, the result is violent civil war, as in Rwanda, Yugoslavia, and various parts of the former Soviet Union. In other countries, the state has dissolved in a more peaceful way, as in Czechoslovakia, albeit with significant economic and psychological costs. In yet other countries, particularly in Africa, the state has stayed together, but is little more than a shell, a loose confederation of more or less hostile groups who barely tolerate, let alone cooperate with, each other.
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Kolář, Josef V., and Viliam J. Foltán. "Contribution to the Issue of Essential Drugs in Czechoslovakia." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 7-8 (July 1992): 1013–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600732.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the ratio represented by essential drugs (EDs) in the total consumption of drugs in Czechoslovakia in 1989. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the assortment and consumption of EDs in 1989. SETTING: Department of the Organization and Management of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bratislava. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Consumption of drugs and/or pharmacotherapeutic groups, expressed by the number of formulations, number of units, and in financial terms. RESULTS: EDs constitute approximately one-third of the total consumption of drugs in Czechoslovakia (both in terms of volume and finances); almost 60 percent of EDs have dosage forms and concentrations identical to those shown in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Drugs (Sixth List). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate that there is need for a regular updating of the drug policy within the public health branch of the government to more effectively regulate the production and import of drugs.
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Kshinyan, Michal. ""THERE IS POWER IN UNITY!". STEFANIK AND THE STRUGGLE FOR THE UNITY OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK RESISTANCE MOVEMENT IN RUSSIA IN 1916–1917." WEST – EAST, no. 10 (2017): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30914/2227-6874-2017-10-104-118.
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Martianova, Yana. "Periodicals of integrated units of Ukrainian Galician Army in Czechoslovakia (the second part of 1917 – 1923): the current state of historical researches." Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne 6, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/we.2020.6.2.31-40.
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The article considers a degree of knowledge and the current state of scientific researche in the problem of functioning in camps of integrated units of Ukrainian Galician Army in Czechoslovakia (Deutsch Gabel, Liberec, Josefov), of a number of magazines (including «Voice of the Camp», «Ukrainian Shooter», «Ukrainian Wanderer» and so on). The materials, published on the pages of the above mentioned camp periodicals, represent a special value as the primary sources of the history of UGA camps. Their study is absolutely necessary for understanding the informative-educational and organizational-mobilization functions of the camp press of interned Ukrainian soldiers in the second half of 1919 – 1923. The journalistic period in the camp of international relations of the UGA in Czechoslovakia has established itself as an effective tool for influencing the world outlook and value orientations of Ukrainian soldiers. The idea of a united fighting for the independence of Ukraine. At the same time, in accordance with these living circumstances, in different living conditions in the conditions of emigration, an adaptation of the interned military personnel took place. The publication of camp periodicals became one of the evidence of a clear understanding by their first colleagues of the tasks and prospects of the Ukrainian liberation movement. Thus, we can easily imagine the daily life of the interned soldiers of the UGA in the camp.
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Macháček, Michal. "A Peculiar Unity: Gustáv Husák and the Struggles for Power in the Czechoslovak Communist Party, 1969-75." Soudobé dějiny 22, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2015): 299–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.51134/sod.2015.018.
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Kouba, V. "Foot and Mouth Disease Eradication in Former Czechoslovakia." Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, no. 2 (2006): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675020305.
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In former Czechoslovakia after the Second World War foot and mouth disease (FMD) was widely spread causing enormous losses to animal production. First reliable data were from 1952 when the FMD was reported in 5,912 villages with 316,997 diseased and 23,112 dead animals. Following a very demanding anti-FMD programme, panzootic occurrence was gradually reduced to sporadic cases and finally to the eradication in 1975. During 1952-1975 there were reported 8,898 new FMD outbreaks (villages). Anti-FMD protection measures, eradication strategy and methods are described. The eradication was achieved mainly thanks to strict measures for avoiding FMD introduction from abroad, animal population health protection including FMD vaccination of threatened populations (annual ratios vaccinations/cattle population oscillated between 0.0293 in 1955 and 1.8168 in 1973 with an average of 0.6445) and timely FMD discovery followed by a rapid response applying very strict intrafocal, perifocal and territorial measures. There were used different complex methods, including stamping-out, adjusted flexibly in time and place to epizootiological situation and influencing factors such as livestock concentration in large units. Important role was played by the strong and centralized public veterinary service with adequate infrastructure, necessary facilities such as FMD diagnostic laboratory, vaccine production and rendering plants, material and financial support. During 1957-1960, a particular epizootiological research was conducted in 70 districts, 245 villages and 459 farms affected by FMD; the results were expressed in morbidity, mortality, sanitary slaughter, disease course, outbreak duration, promptness of disease detection and response, virus types and ways of transmission.
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Todorova, Maria. "The Balkans: From Discovery to Invention." Slavic Review 53, no. 2 (1994): 453–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2501301.
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Beyond and below what was once Czechoslovakia lie the deep Balkans. They are, it has been said, a sort of hell paved with the bad intentions of the powersBy the beginning of the twentieth century Europe had added to its repertoire of Schimpfwörter, or disparagements, a new one which turned out to be more persistent than others with centuries old traditions. "Balkanization" not only had come to denote the parcelization of large and viable political units but also had become a synonym for a reversion to the tribal, the backward, the primitive, the barbarian. In its latest hypostasis, particularly in American academe, it has been completely decontextualized and paradigmatically related to a variety of problems.
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Zádorová, Tereza, Daniel Žížala, Vít Penížek, and Aleš Vaněk. "Harmonisation of a large-scale historical database with the actual Czech soil classification system." Soil and Water Research 15, No. 2 (March 11, 2020): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/41/2019-swr.
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The possibility of the adequate use of data and maps from historical soil surveys depends, to a large measure, on their harmonisation. Legacy data originating from a large-scale national mapping campaign, “Systematic soil survey of agricultural soils in Czechoslovakia (SSS, 1961–1971)”, were harmonised and converted according to the actual system of soil classification and descriptions used in Czechia – the Czech taxonomic soil classification system (CTSCS). Applying the methods of taxonomic distance and quantitative analysis and reclassification of the selected soil properties, the conversion of two types of mapping soil units with different detailed soil information (General soil representative (GSR), and Basic soil representative (BSR)) to their counterparts in the CTSCS has been effectuated. The results proved the good potential of the used methods for the soil data harmonisation. The closeness of the concepts of the two classifications was shown when a number of soil classes had only one counterpart with a very low taxonomic distance. On the contrary, soils with variable soil properties were approximating several related units. The additional information on the soil skeleton content, texture, depth and parent material, available for the BSR units, showed the potential in the specification of some units, though the harmonisation of the soil texture turned out to problematic due to the different categorisation of soil particles. The validation of the results in the study region showed a good overall accuracy (75% for GSR, 76.1% for BSR) for both spatial soil units, when better performance has been observed in BSR. The conversion accuracy differed significantly in the individual soil units, and ranged from almost 100% in Fluvizems to 0% in Anthropozems. The extreme cases of a complete mis-classification can be attributed to inconsistencies originating in the historical database and maps. The study showed the potential of modern quantitative methods in the legacy data harmonisation and also the necessity of a critical approach to historical databases and maps.
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Lapčík, Vladimír, and Marta Lapčíková. "Possibilities of energy recovery from municipal waste." GeoScience Engineering 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10205-011-0023-1.
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Abstract The article summarizes possibilities of energy recovery from municipal waste. It describes the history of incineration and energy recovery from municipal waste in Czechoslovakia and then in the Czech Republic. The attention is paid to the three currently operated plants for energy recovery from municipal waste in the Czech Republic (ZEVO Malešice, SAKO Brno and TERMIZO Liberec). The following are the characteristics of the planned plants for energy recovery from municipal waste in the Czech Republic. All these plants operate essentially based on grate boilers with flue gas treatment at the highest technical level. The article also lists other technologies which can be used for energy recovery from municipal waste - these are gasification and pyrolysis units and plasma technology. The conclusion of this contribution is devoted to the current and future situation in the area of energy recovery from municipal waste in the Czech Republic with regard to the applicable legal standards
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Mahavarkar, Prasanna, Jacob John, Vijay Dhapre, Varun Dongre, and Sachin Labde. "Tri-axial square Helmholtz coil system at the Alibag Magnetic Observatory: upgraded to a magnetic sensor calibration facility." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 7, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-143-2018.
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Abstract. A tri-axial square Helmholtz coil system for the study of palaeomagnetic studies, manufactured by GEOFYZIKA (former Czechoslovakia), was successfully commissioned at the Alibag Magnetic Observatory (IAGA code: ABG) in the year 1985. This system was used for a few years, after which the system encountered technical problems with the control unit. Rectification of the unit could not be undertaken, as the information document related to this system was not available, and as a result the system had been lying in an unused state for a long time, until 2015, when the system was recommissioned and upgraded to a test facility for calibrating the magnetometer sensors. We have upgraded the system with a constant current source and a data-logging unit. Both of these units have been designed and developed in the institute laboratory. Also, re-measurements of the existing system have been made thoroughly. The upgraded system is semi-automatic, enabling non-specialists to operate it after a brief period of instruction. This facility is now widely used at the parent institute and external institutions to calibrate magnetometers and it also serves as a national facility. Here the design of this system with the calibration results for the space-borne fluxgate magnetometers is presented.
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Kerr, Alan, and Edward Peck. "Psychiatry in Prague: some personal impressions." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 1 (January 1991): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.1.4.
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The sudden collapse of the communist order in Czechoslovakia and the formal installation of the new government in June 1990 has led, inter alia, to a fundamental reappraisal of mental health care. On a visit to Prague in September 1990 the system under the 40-year-old communist regime was still largely intact but clearly about to undergo major changes. Among the reform proposals made by a working group of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs of the Czech republic are practices familiar to western psychiatrists: mental health care and specialist liaison in primary care settings; formal specialisation within psychiatry into general adult psychiatry, psychogeriatrics, child and adolescent psychiatry, psychotherapy; psychiatric units in general hospitals; community care with restructuring of funding away from the mental hospital budget and devolution to districts. More “humanisation” of psychiatry is envisaged, with choice of consultant, increased competition between doctors and legal definitions of involuntary treatment (Potucek et al, 1990). Voluntary organisations, existing until recently only underground, will be encouraged as also will be counselling services. Dementia, and drugs and alcohol misuse, are seen more as social service than medical issues. Of particular interest is a proposal to separate mental health funding from the rest of the health care budget.
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Vavřina, Jan, and Dana Martinovičová. "Development of agricultural producers‘ groups in the Czech Republic with focus on commodity area fruit and vegetables." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 7 (2011): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159070497.
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Groups of agricultural producers had been established in the former Czechoslovakia already in 1930s and with the transition to a market economy it is again relevant to think about the renewal of some type of economic partnership among agricultural producers. The need to establish a group of agricultural producers may occur in the broader context of increasing dynamics within current competitive forces’ models with regard to even relatively less dynamic sector of agriculture. Further development of this kind of economic partnership among agricultural producers in the Czech Republic is eligible for support via public subsidies, namely by Common Agricultural Policy. Nevertheless many agricultural producers are still facing tougher foreign direct competitors after EU accession as single economic units instead of establishing new or joining existing producer groups, namely in production of fruit and vegetables. Authors identify and describe subsidies currently available for further establishment of economic cooperation within structures of agri-food complex and agricultural producers. This is followed by a framework economic analysis of the whole fruit and vegetables production sector within year period 2004–2009 using Farm Accountancy Data Network with the focus on established producer groups using financial statements issued in Business Register of the Czech Republic.
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Savić, Zvezdan, Nebojša Ranđelović, and Nikola Stojanović. "Sokol Rallies of the Moravska Sokol Parish Niš." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spes-2016-0029.
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SummaryThe Sokol movement, as an expressly Slavic cultural, national-liberational liberal movement originated in Czechoslovakia in 1862 under the patronage of Miroslav Tyrš. The aim of the Sokol organization was to unite all the Slavic peoples through physical exercise, under the slogan “Freedom, brotherhood, equality.” The Sokol idea was made up of a synthesis of exercise and national culture. The Sokol movement in Serbia represented a part of a wealthy cultural and sports tradition. The Sokol rallies, competitions and public performances represented the manifestation of the Sokol physical exercise work and the display of Sokol might. Through all these manifestations one could over a shorter or longer period of time track the development of the Sokol exercise program. In addition, these manifestations represented the possibility of noting any drawbacks in the work of certain associations, parishes or societies. At the same time, these manifestations were also of a propaganda-mobilization character in the sense of promoting interest in the Sokol movement and the spreading of the Sokol idea. The MoravskaSokol parish Niš organized eleven rallies from the time it was founded in 1920 to 1939.
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Malyshev, Vladimir. "CILECT as the Project of a World Film School: Origins, Specifics, Development." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 11, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik1148-24.
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The continuing introduction of digital technologies into the production of meaningful and engaging audiovisual images accentuates the necessity of international cooperation in the sphere of the professional education of those young people who are planning to work in film, television and other screen arts. All over the world film schools are challenged by problems the solution of which requires consolidated participation of worldfamous masters. This has been recently confirmed at the Congress of the International Association of Film and Television Schools (CILECT) Congress held in October 2019 in Moscow in connection with the 100th anniversary of the All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK). This essay analyzesVGIK's contribution to the process of perfecting programs in the field of screen arts at different stages of their development.
The essay explores issues of CILECT development since its foundation in 1954. Initially, CILECT was supported by nations with developed film cultures, such as Brazil, Chile, Czechoslovakia, France, Italy, Poland, the Soviet Union, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Today, the Association unites 180 film schools from 65 nations. The essay analyzes VGIK's role in the development of film education and, more generally, the development of screen arts; and emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in this technological, digital age.
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Ruban, Mykola. "Prerequisites of formation and development of mainline electric locomotives engineering at the Luhansk diesel locomotives engineering plant (1957–2014)." History of science and technology 10, no. 1(16) (June 5, 2020): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2020-10-1(16)-72-87.
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In the article an attempt to investigate in a chronological order the historical circumstances of the formation and development of the mainline electric locomotives engineering at the Luhansk diesel locomotives engeneering plant (1957–2014) has been made. The circumstances of the activity of the electric locomotives workshop of the Luhansk plant (1957–1967), within which the production of crew parts and units of the legendary locomotives VL8 and VL10 for Novocherkask and Tbilisi factories have been analyzed. In the late 1980s, due to the absence of a solid convertible currency for the import of traction rolling stock from Czechoslovakia in the wake of the economic crisis of the USSR, the Luhansk plant received orders for the development and production of self-propelled electric locomotives. However, with the proclamation of the Independence of Ukraine, due to the lobbying of the new government, promising projects of Luhansk electric locomotives were rejected, and the Dnipro electric locomotives engineering plant was defined the basic enterprise for the creation of mainline electric locomotives for the Ukrainian railways. Due to the unstable economic situation in the country and the lack of targeted financing, the Dnipro plant was unable to start mass production of a number of types of locomotives, HC «Luhanskteplovoz» together with the Novocherkask plant began production of freight electric locomotives on the technological basis of Russian locomotives. Further development and prospects of serial electric locomotives engineering at the Luhansk plant were interrupted by the aggravation of the military-political situation in the region. However, it is clear that the historical experience of becoming a domestic scientific-production base of the mainline electrical production needs its proper understanding in the context of current tendencies of import of traction rolling stock with an attempt to localize its production in Ukraine.
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Dzyra, Olesya. "THE SPLIT IN THE UKRAINIAN COMMUNIST MOVEMENT IN CANADA IN THE 1930s." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 28 (2021): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2021.28.9.
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The article substantiates the reasons of the split in the Ukrainian communist movement in Canada in the mid-1930s at the peak of its popularity. They consisted of acquainting of its supporters with information about dekulakization, the Holodomor of 1932–1933, the Bolshevik repressions on the territory of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, and so on. It clearly describes how this conflict took place in the Ukrainian labour-farmer temple association, which united Ukrainian communists, how it was perceived by its members, what consequences it led to and how it affected on spreading of communist views among Ukrainians in Canada. The society was divided into those who unquestioningly believed or knew the truth and equally supported Stalin's policy in Ukraine and those who condemned it and saw a different way of further life in the workers 'and peasants' state. It shows how the communist movement developed in the 1930s, how the so-called socialist segment stood out from it, who its supporters were and what ideas they professed. It is worth noting that for some time the "opportunists", that formed Federation of Ukrainian Labour-Farmer Organizations, could not decide on their socio-political position and hesitated on whose side to stand and whether to join the Ukrainian national-patriotic bloc of organizations or to function separately, despite the small number. The leading members of the newly created organization were D. Lobay, T. Kobzey, S. Khvaliboga, Y. Elendyuk, and M. Zmiyovsky. In August 1928, M. Mandryka arrived to Canada, delegated by the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries in Prague to seek financial support for Ukrainian socialist institutions in Czechoslovakia. It was to be a short-term mission, that transformed into a permanent staying overseas. M. Mandryka managed to unite Ukrainian socialists who had nothing to do with the ULFTA. The research also describes the directions of activity of Ukrainian socialists in Canada, their ties with other public organizations, political parties and future relations with former like-minded people. An attempt is made to evaluate the socialist movement and establish its significance for the social and political life of the diaspora.
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Vuniqi, Dardan. "Independence, Sovereignty, Preponderance – The Prevalence and the Territorial Expansion of State Power." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 3, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v3i1.89.
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State is society’s need for the existence of an organized power, equipped with the right equipments of coercion and able to run the society, by imposing the choices that seem reasonable to them, through legal norms. State is an organization of state power; it is an organized power which imposes its will to all the society and has a whole mechanism to execute this will. The state realizes its functions through power, which is a mechanism to accomplish its relevant functions. The power’s concept is a social concept, which can be understood only as a relation between two subjects, between two wills. Power is the ability to impose an order, a rule and other’s behavior in case that he doesn’t apply voluntary the relevant norm, respectively the right. Using state power is related to creation and application, respectively the implementation of law. To understand state power better, we have to start from its overall character. So, we notice that in practice we encounter different kinds of powers: the family’s one, the school’s one, the health’s one, the religion’s, culture’s etc. The notion of powers can be understood as a report between two subjects, two wills. Power is an order for other’s behavior. Every power is some kind of liability, dependence from others. In the legal aspect, supremacy of state presents the constitutive – legislative form upon the powers that follow after it. Supremacy, respectively the prevalence, is stronger upon other powers in its territory. For example we take the highest state body, the parliament as a legislative body, where all other powers that come after it, like the executive and court’s one, are dependable on state’s central power. We can’t avoid the carriage of state’s sovereignty in the competences of different international organizations. Republic, based on ratified agreements for certain cases can overstep state’s power on international organizations. The people legitimate power and its bodies, by giving their votes for a mandate of governance (people’s verdict). It is true that we understand people’s sovereignty only as a quality of people, where with the word people we understand the entirety of citizens that live in a state. The sovereignty’s case actualizes especially to prove people’s right for self-determination until the disconnection that can be seen as national – state sovereignty. National sovereignty is the right of a nation for self-determination. Sovereignty’s cease happens when the monopoly of physical strength ceases as well, and this monopoly is won by another organization. A state can be ceased with the voluntary union of two or more states in a mutual state, or a state can be ceased from a federative state, where federal units win their independence. In this context we have to do with former USSR’s units, separated in some independent states, like Czechoslovakia unit that was separated in two independent states: in Czech Republic and Slovakia. Former Yugoslavia was separated from eight federal units, today from these federal units seven of them have won their independence and their international recognition, and the Republic of Kosovo is one amongst them.
Every state power’s activity has legal effect inside the borders of a certain territory and inside this territory the people come under the relevant state’s power. Territorial expansion of state power is three dimensional. The first dimension includes the land inside a state’s borders, the second dimension includes the airspace upon the land and the third dimension includes water space. The airspace upon inside territorial waters is also a power upon people and the power is not universal, meaning that it doesn’t include all mankind. State territory is the space that’s under state’s sovereignty. It is an essential element for its existence. According to the author Juaraj Andrassy, state territory lies in land and water space inside the borders, land and water under this space and the air upon it. Coastal waters and air are considered as parts that belong to land area, because in every case they share her destiny.
Exceptionally, according to the international right or international treaties, it is possible that in one certain state’s territory another state’s power can be used. In this case we have to do with the extraterritoriality of state power. The state extraterritoriality’s institute is connected to the concept of another state’s territory, where we have to do with diplomatic representatives of a foreign country, where in the buildings of these diplomatic representatives, the power of the current state is not used. These buildings, according to the international right, the diplomatic right, have territorial immunity and the relevant host state bodies don’t have any power. Regarding to inviolability, respectively within this case, we have two groups to mention: the real immunity and the personal immunity, which are connected with the extraterritoriality’s institute.
Key words: Independence, Sovereignty, Preponderance, Prevalence, Territorial Expansion.
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Sribnyak, Ihor. "OUTSIDE CAMP ENVIRONMENT OF UGA INTERNED TROOPS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA: EVERYDAY ROUTINE OF WORKING UNITS (1922–1923)." Kyiv Historical Studies, 2016, 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2016.2.6.
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Catrópa, Andréa. "Dream-based cartography: creative processes involving an imaginary Prague." Link Symposium Abstracts 2020, December 4, 2020, 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/linksymposium.vi.28.
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This work aims to discuss aspects of artistic creation derived from dream speculation. Based on a dream that took place in the capital of Czechoslovakia, a region unknown to the dreamer, and which happened at the beginning of the quarantine period due to the Coronavirus pandemic, the research began on the internet using search mechanisms. In the evening event, in addition to its narrative elements, the journey through places that presented themselves vividly was of paramount importance, so the first stage arose from the researcher’s curiosity in verifying if there was any coincidence between the real Prague and the dream Prague. To her surprise, although there was no prior contact with systematized information about that location, coincidences were emerging. And these similarities allowed the initial elaboration of a data collection for the memories would not be lost and could be used in the future as tools for artistic creation. Somehow, that fact so unique and different from other experienced dream phenomena aroused a series of sensations and reflections on the possibility of incorporating the unforeseen and irrational element, which daily invades our senses when we are asleep, as a means of promoting academic inquiry and artistic research.
In Antiquity, as the work of Artemidoro confirms, the dream had a cosmic dimension that was related to the mystical tradition and to the collectivity. However, the psychoanalytic conception, influential in western society since the first decades of the twentieth century, contributed to fixing the perception of the dream as a private event and that concerns only the individual dimension. At the same time, neuroscience favors a biological approach to dreaming, even though Sidarta Ribeiro is a dissonant voice in this environment and dedicates himself to research focused on the “oracle of the night”. The Brazilian neuroscientist says that, in his work, he identified a very intricate relationship between dreams and memory and a double temporal articulation: we dream as a way of remembering what we are and do, and also to prepare for the future.
These reflections joined the coordinates collected by me during the aforementioned night experience. The conceptual project design that I provisionally called “Prague Dreamiary” started from a dream and proceeded, at first, with the help of Internet search engines. From there, a map was created that unites both objective information found on the networks and the translation of dreamed symbolic messages. The dream experience allowed a deviation in the search algorithms by means of private intuition, which contradicts the consensual rational tendency behind the “improvement” of the artificial intelligence of these mechanisms. In addition to the creation of “dream hyperlinks”, this process included bibliographic research and the creation of a digital banner for the online page that will contain more information about the work in process.