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Journal articles on the topic 'CZTGeS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shamardin, A., D. Kurbatov, and A. Medvids. "Effect of deposition temperature on the growth mechanism of chemically prepared CZTGeS thin films." Surface and Interface Analysis 51, no. 7 (2019): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.6644.

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2

Hyacinthe Aka, Aka, Amal Bouich, Idrissa Diomandé, Boko Aka, and Bernabé Mari Soucase. "Comparative study between CZTS and CZTSe thin layers for photovoltaic applications." E3S Web of Conferences 412 (2023): 01100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341201100.

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A comparative study of the thin layer based on copper zinc tin sulphide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and that based on copper zinc tin selenide Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) was made in order to assess the structural, morphological, optical and electrical qualities. for better use in improving performance of CZTS, CZTSe or CZTSSe based solar cell. CZTS and CZTSe thin films prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which confirmed their kesterite structure in the tetragonal crystal phase. In addition, the analysis of the surfaces of the thin layers with the scanning elect

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3

Altamura, Giovanni, Charles Roger, Louis Grenet, et al. "Influence of sodium-containing substrates on Kesterite CZTSSe thin films based solar cells." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1000.

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AbstractThis work deals with the influence of sodium on the properties of CZTSSe material and solar cells. For that purpose, two types of substrates are compared, one with low sodium content (borosilicate glass), the other one with higher sodium content (soda-lime glass). In each case the Na-content in the CZTSSe passing from the substrate through the Mo back contact is quantified by secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis. Photoluminescence spectroscopy indicates that better quality material is achievable when increasing the Na-content in the CZTSSe. The material characterization results are

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4

Park, Jongsung, Hyesun Yoo, Vijay Karade, et al. "Investigation of low intensity light performances of kesterite CZTSe, CZTSSe, and CZTS thin film solar cells for indoor applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 29 (2020): 14538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta04863a.

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Three kesterite thin-film solar cells, Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnSe<sub>4</sub> (CZTSe), Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSn(S,Se)<sub>4</sub> (CZTSSe), and Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> (CZTS), and based on low light intensity measurements, examined the possibility of using kesterite devices for indoor applications.

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5

Gao, Chao, Yali Sun, and Wei Yu. "Influence of Ge Incorporation from GeSe2 Vapor on the Properties of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Material and Solar Cells." Coatings 8, no. 9 (2018): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8090304.

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Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) and Cu2Zn(Sn,Ge)(S,Se)4 (CZTGSSe) thin films were prepared based on a non-vacuum solution method. The CZTSSe films were obtained by annealing the solution-deposited precursor films with Se, while the CZTGSSe films were obtained by annealing the similar precursor films with Se and GeSe2. We found that Ge could be incorporated into the annealed films when GeSe2 was present during the annealing process. The Ge incorporation obviously enlarged the sizes of the crystalline grains in the annealed films. However, the energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) measurements revealed t

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6

Gour, Kuldeep S., Rahul Parmar, Rahul Kumar, and Vidya N. Singh. "Cd-Free Zn(O,S) as Alternative Buffer Layer for Chalcogenide and Kesterite Based Thin Films Solar Cells: A Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 6 (2020): 3622–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17537.

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Cd is categorized as a toxic material with restricted use in electronics as there are inherent problems of treating waste and convincing consumers that it is properly sealed inside without any threat of precarious leaks. Apart from toxicity, band-gap of CdS is about 2.40–2.50 eV, which results significant photon loss in short-wavelength range which restricts the overall performance of solar cells. Thin film of Zn(O,S) is a favorable contender to substitute CdS thin film as buffer layer for CuInGaSe2 (CIGS), CuInGa(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe), Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe), Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) th

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7

Hamanaka, Yasushi, and Kojiro Matsumoto. "Non-Vacuum Fabrication of Bandgap-Controlled CZTGS Alloy Films Using CZTS+CZGS Mixed Nanoparticle Inks." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.509.

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Semiconductor alloy films of Cu2ZnSn1-xGexS4 (CZTGS) were prepared by deposition and sintering of mixed nanoparticle suspensions composed of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2ZnGeS4 (CZGS) nanoparticles with 1-dodecanethiol surfactant. Colloidal CZTS and CZGS nanoparticles were synthesized via the liquid-phase route and used without post-processing treatment. The CZTGS films are crystallized in the form of kesterite structures and form an alloy of CZTS and CZGS without an apparent phase separation. The Sn/Ge ratios in the alloy films were finely controlled by tuning a mixing ratio between CZTS and CZGS

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8

Zaki, Mohamed Yassine, Florinel Sava, Iosif Daniel Simandan, Claudia Mihai, and Alin Velea. "Structural and Compositional Analysis of CZTSSe Thin Films by Varying S/(S+Se) Ratio." Energies 17, no. 15 (2024): 3684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17153684.

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The development of kesterite (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, CZTSSe) thin films for photovoltaic applications is highly necessary, given their composition of Earth-abundant, environmentally friendly elements and their compatibility with established photovoltaic technologies. This study presents a novel synthesis approach for CZTSSe films with varied S/(S+Se) ratios, ranging from 0.83 to 0.44, by a two-step magnetron sputtering deposition/annealing process. The first step consists in an initial deposition of stacked Mo/SnS2/Cu layers, which, upon thermal treatment in a sulfur atmosphere, were transformed into

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9

ZHANG, H., Z. Q. LI, Y. R. CHEN, et al. "GROWTH OF Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 THIN FILMS BY A SIMPLE ECO-FRIENDLY SOLUTION ROUTE METHOD." Surface Review and Letters 19, no. 04 (2012): 1250034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x12500345.

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A simple and hydrazine-free solution-based approach for depositing Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) absorber layers is reported. The process involves incorporating metal salts (Cu(CH3COO)2, Zn(CH3COO)2, SnCl2) and thiourea into a single pyridine-based solution, spin-coating a precursor film, and sulfurizing with sulfur powders or selenizing using Se pellets in an inert atmosphere, to form the desired CZTS or CZTSSe films. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra studies show that kesterite CZTS and CZTSSe are formed after sulfurization and selenization, respectively. The selenized CZTSS

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10

Chawla, Parul, Shefali Jain, Parth Vashishtha, Mansoor Ahamed, and Shailesh Narain Sharma. "Transition from CZTSe to CZTS via multicomponent CZTSSe: Potential low cost photovoltaic absorbers." Superlattices and Microstructures 113 (January 2018): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2017.11.025.

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11

Neves, F., V. Livramento, I. Martins, et al. "Characterization of Cu2ZnSn(SSe)4 monograin powders by FE-SEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S4 (2013): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613001128.

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The design and synthesis of high-efficiency materials to convert solar to electrical energy is an increasingly important research field. Within the photovoltaic technologies, crystalline Si have an 80% share while the remaining 20% are mostly thin film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) and CdTe. However, the cost, the abundance and the environmental impact of the elemental components cannot be neglected. For these reasons, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) and their solid solutions CZTSSe has attracted much attention recently since they can provide the development of cost compe

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12

Dzhagan, Volodymyr, Olga Kapush, Nazar Mazur, et al. "Colloidal Cu-Zn-Sn-Te Nanocrystals: Aqueous Synthesis and Raman Spectroscopy Study." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (2021): 2923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112923.

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Cu-Zn-Sn-Te (CZTTe) is an inexpensive quaternary semiconductor that has not been investigated so far, unlike its intensively studied CZTS and CZTSe counterparts, although it may potentially have desirable properties for solar energy conversion, thermoelectric, and other applications. Here, we report on the synthesis of CZTTe nanocrystals (NCs) via an original low-cost, low-temperature colloidal synthesis in water, using a small-molecule stabilizer, thioglycolic acid. The absorption edge at about 0.8–0.9 eV agrees well with the value expected for Cu2ZnSnTe4, thus suggesting CZTTe to be an affor

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13

Benisha Chris, A., Sricharan Pisupati, and Soumyaranjan Routray. "Performance Analysis of CZTSe Kesterite Solar Cell by Adding CZTSSe as BSF Layer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2335, no. 1 (2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2335/1/012040.

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Abstract Kesterite are chalcogenide materials which is popular for its inexpensive, environment friendly and whose elements are abundantly available. However, its efficiency is less than 12% as it processes high recombination rate. To boost the efficiency of CZTSe kesterite solar cell use of tunable bandgap material CZTSSe as back surface field layer (BSF) prevent the material from these problems. In this analysis, the novel configuration: Mo/CZTSSe/CZTSe/CdS/ZnO/AZO influence of varying compositions S and Se and their parameters are analyzed. The Efficiency, J sc and V oc of the optimized sol

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14

Buthina M. Jandary and Ayed N. Saleh. "Simulation of CZTSSe single solar cells by AFORS-HET software." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, no. 2 (2020): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v25i2.238.

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In this paper, this sthdy simulated photovoltaic characteristics of single heterojunction solar cell with Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 absorber layer numerically using the AFORS-HET program .n-CdS/ZnO double buffer layer is used for hetrostructure interfaces with the absorber layer. The cell performance is investigated against variation of different absorption layer properties such as thickness, carrier concentration. The mixed zinc and cadmium sulphide (Cd1-X Zn X S) is hired as buffer layers and reseach of the effect its thickness. CdS was selected a buffer because it improves the interface with

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15

Jandary, Buthina M., and Ayed N. Saleh. "Simulation of CZTSSe single solar cells by AFORS-HET software." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, no. 2 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v25i2.960.

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In this paper, this sthdy simulated photovoltaic characteristics of single heterojunction solar cell with Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 absorber layer numerically using the AFORS-HET program .n-CdS/ZnO double buffer layer is used for hetrostructure interfaces with the absorber layer. The cell performance is investigated against variation of different absorption layer properties such as thickness, carrier concentration. The mixed zinc and cadmium sulphide (Cd1-X Zn X S) is hired as buffer layers and reseach of the effect its thickness. CdS was selected a buffer because it improves the interface with

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16

Li, Jinze, Honglie Shen, Jieyi Chen, Yufang Li, and Jiale Yang. "Growth mechanism of Ge-doped CZTSSe thin film by sputtering method and solar cells." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 41 (2016): 28829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp05671g.

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17

Zhang, Wenchao, Chengwu You, Zhiying Dan, Weizhe Wang, and Ruibing Dong. "Improved performance of Cd-free CZTS thin-film solar cells by using CZTS_0.4Se_0.6 BSF layer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2418, no. 1 (2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2418/1/012002.

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Abstract Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells (TFSCs) have received great attention from the solar cell industry for their environment, price, high absorption coefficient and great electronic properties. This work provides a strategy to prompt the photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of CdS/CZTS-based TFSCs via introducing the back surface field (BSF) layer and wxAMPS to simulate the results. Meanwhile, the optimum ratio of sulfur to selenium in the BSF layer material CZTSSe has been also studied, and a new device structure has been constructed. Beneficial from the introduction of CZTSSe

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18

Yin, Deqiang, Qi Li, Yang Liu, and Mark T. Swihart. "Anion exchange induced formation of kesterite copper zinc tin sulphide–copper zinc tin selenide nanoheterostructures." Nanoscale 13, no. 9 (2021): 4828–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr08991e.

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19

Xu, Jun, Zhengqiao Hu, Junjun Zhang, et al. "Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSn(S1−xSex)4 nanocrystals: room-temperature synthesis and efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 48 (2017): 25230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta06628g.

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CZTS and CZTSSe nanocrystals have been synthesized by a simple metal complex solution mixing (Metcomix) process at room temperature and employed as efficient photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

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20

H. Najim, Alaa, and Ayed N. Saleh. "Study effect of window and BSF layers on the properties of the CZTS / CZTSe solar cell by SCAPS–1D." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 3 (2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i3.820.

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The solar cell CZTS / CZTSe was studied using SCAPS- computer simulator. It was noted that increasing the thickness of the absorber layer p-CZTSe from 250nm to 5μm leads to increase the IV curve. thus increasing the values of Voc, Jsc, FF,

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21

Alaa H. Najim and Ayed N. Saleh. "Study effect of window and BSF layers on the properties of the CZTS / CZTSe solar cell by SCAPS–1D." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 3 (2022): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v24i3.372.

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The solar cell CZTS / CZTSe was studied using SCAPS-1D * computer simulator. It was noted that increasing the thickness of the absorber layer p-CZTSe from 250nm to 5μm leads to increase the IV curve. thus increasing the values of Voc, Jsc, FF

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22

Sultana, Naznin, та Ahmed Zubair. "Design and Numerical Analysis of Thin Film Solar Cells Based on Cu₂ZnSn (SₓSe₁₋ₓ)₄ with SnO₂ TCO and ZnS Buffer". European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 7, № 5 (2023): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2023.7.5.550.

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Due to their earth-abundance, direct and adjustable bandgap in the range of visible light, and lower fabrication cost on large areas, Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 semiconductors, commonly known as kesterite, are gaining recognition as potential materials for affordable, environment‐friendly, and high‐efficiency thin‐film photovoltaics. In this work, we numerically investigated the performance parameters of a single-heterojunction solar cell using Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) / Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) absorber layer and ZnS buffer layer, with SnO2 transparent conducting oxide (TCO) under a range of operating conditions an

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23

Yuan, Xiaojie, Jianjun Li, Kaiwen Sun, et al. "Improved carrier collection efficiency in CZTS solar cells by Li‐enhanced liquid‐phase‐assisted grain growth." EcoEnergy 2, no. 1 (2024): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece2.31.

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AbstractThe liquid‐phase‐assisted grain growth (LGG) process is a promising strategy to fabricate large‐grain pure sulfide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) layers that span the absorber thickness and improve the carrier collection efficiency in photovoltaic devices. Li doping is an effective route to promote such LGG process of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) as it can provide liquid Li‐Se phase facilitating the growth of large‐grain CZTSSe. However, the detailed function of the added Li in grain growth has rarely been investigated in both CZTS and CZTSSe, as the reported in situ, and pre‐deposition doping strategies

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24

GU, XIUQUAN, SHUANG ZHANG, YULONG ZHAO, LEI ZHU, and YINGHUAI QIANG. "A COMPARABLE STUDY ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Cu2ZnSnS4 AND Cu2ZnSnSe4 NANOCRYSTALLINES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 04 (2014): 1450002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214500027.

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In this study, single-kesterite-phase Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) and Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe) nanocrystallines have been synthesized by a simple solvothermal route. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorbance and Raman scattering spectroscopy were used to characterize the optical and micro-structure properties of the as-synthesized samples. The bandgap of CZTS could be tuned in a large range by incorporating a few Se atoms. Both the CZTS and CZTSe exhibited the similar temperature dependence of the Raman "A" modes, including a monotonic redshift i

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25

Park, Jaehyun, Hyobin Nam, Bong-Geun Song, et al. "Performance Enhancement in Powder-Fabricated Cu2(ZnSn)Se4 Solar Cell by Roll Compression." Materials 16, no. 3 (2023): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031076.

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Despite the improved conversion efficiency of Cu2(ZnSn)Se4 (CZTSe) solar cells, their roll-to-roll fabrication nonetheless leads to low performance. The selenization time and temperature are typically considered major parameters for a powder-based CZTSe film; meanwhile, the importance of the densification during the roll-to-roll process is often overlooked. The densification process is related to the porosity of the light-absorbing layer, where high porosity lowers cell performance. In this study, we fabricated a dense CZTSe absorber layer as a method of controlling the compression of a powder

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26

Just, Justus, Carolin M. Sutter-Fella, Dirk Lützenkirchen-Hecht, Ronald Frahm, Susan Schorr, and Thomas Unold. "Secondary phases and their influence on the composition of the kesterite phase in CZTS and CZTSe thin films." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 23 (2016): 15988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00178e.

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27

Nicolás-Marín, M. M., O. Vigil-Galán, J. R. González-Castillo, and Maykel Courel. "Synthesis and characterization of CZTGSe and CZTGSSe powders by ball milling technique: influence of Ge content and the role of Cu on the properties of CZTSe." Materials Research Express 5, no. 11 (2018): 115508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aaddeb.

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28

Đào, Tuấn Anh, Kiều Loan Phan Thị, Tuấn Hùng Lê Vũ, and Hữu Kế Nguyễn. "Effect of selenization time on optical, electrical properties and structure of CZTSSe thin films." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 5, no. 1 (2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v5i1.905.

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In this paper, we present a fabrication process of high crystallinity CZTSSe absorber layer. The CZTS structure is firstly prepared by spin-coating method, and then the film is converted into CZTSSe via selenization process using graphite box and tube furnace. The Se powder has been loaded into graphite box and used as source of selenizing vapors. Keeping the annealing temperature as constant, the structural, optical, electrical properties, and composition of CZTSSe thin films are investigated by changing the annealing time. X-ray diffraction revealed that these thin films are high crystallini

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29

Ahmad, Nafees, and Guangbao Wu. "Cadmium-Free Buffer Layer Materials for Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells: An Overview." Energies 18, no. 12 (2025): 3198. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123198.

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Kesterite (CZTS/CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells are considered an eco-friendly, earth-abundant, and low-cost photovoltaic technology that can fulfill our future energy needs. Due to its outstanding properties including tunable bandgap and high absorption coefficient, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) has reached over 14%. However, toxic cadmium sulfide (CdS) is commonly used as an n-type buffer layer in kesterite thin-film solar cells (KTFSCs) to form a better p–n junction with the p-type CZTS/CZTSSe absorber. In addition to its toxicity, the CdS buffer layer shows parasitic absorption at lo

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30

Zaki, Mohamed Yassine, and Alin Velea. "Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review." Energies 17, no. 7 (2024): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071600.

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Kesterite-based copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) and copper zinc tin selenide (CZTSe) thin films have attracted considerable attention as promising materials for sustainable and cost-effective thin-film solar cells. However, the successful integration of these materials into photovoltaic devices is hindered by the coexistence of secondary phases, which can significantly affect device performance and stability. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress and challenges in controlling secondary phases in kesterite CZTS and CZTSe thin films. Drawing from relevant studie

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31

Adewoyin, Adeyinka D., Muteeu A. Olopade, Olusola O. Oyebola, and Micheal A. Chendo. "Development of CZTGS/CZTS tandem thin film solar cell using SCAPS-1D." Optik 176 (January 2019): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.09.033.

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32

Guo, Qijie, Grayson M. Ford, Wei-Chang Yang, et al. "Fabrication of 7.2% Efficient CZTSSe Solar Cells Using CZTS Nanocrystals." Journal of the American Chemical Society 132, no. 49 (2010): 17384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja108427b.

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33

Amiri, Samaneh, and Sajjad Dehghani. "Design of Highly Efficient CZTS/CZTSe Tandem Solar Cells." Journal of Electronic Materials 49, no. 3 (2020): 2164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07898-w.

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34

Meyer, Edson L., Inam Vulindlela, Athandwe Paca, Mojeed A. Agoro, and Nicholas Rono. "Numerical Simulation and Hole Transport Layers Optimization of a Lead Sulfide-Based Solar Cell with a Power Conversion Efficiency of Above 22%." Coatings 15, no. 3 (2025): 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030255.

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Recently, the numerical simulation of solar cells has attracted tantamount scientific attention in the photovoltaic community because it saves on research time and resources before the actual fabrication of the devices in the laboratories. Despite significant advancements in the fabrication of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still low when compared to other solar cells such as perovskite. This efficiency gap poses a substantial challenge in harnessing the full potential of QDSSCs for widespread adoption in renewable energy applications. Enh

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35

Hafaifa, Loumafak, Mostefa Maache, and Mohamed Wahid Bouabdelli. "Improving the Performance of CZTS/CZTSSe Tandem Thin Film Solar Cell." Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics 16, no. 2 (2024): 02018–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jnep.16(2).02018.

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36

Cherouana, Abdelbaki, and Rebiha Labbani. "Study of CZTS and CZTSSe solar cells for buffer layers selection." Applied Surface Science 424 (December 2017): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.027.

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37

Nowak, David, Talat Khonsor, Devendra Pareek, and Levent Gütay. "Vapor-Phase Incorporation of Ge in CZTSe Absorbers for Improved Stability of High-Efficiency Kesterite Solar Cells." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031376.

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We report an approach to incorporate Ge into Cu2ZnSnSe4 using GeSe vapor during the selenization step of alloyed metallic precursors. The vapor incorporation slowly begins at T ≈ 480 °C and peaks at 530 °C, resulting in a Ge-based composition shift inside the previously formed kesterite layer. We initially observe the formation of a Ge-rich surface layer that merges into a homogeneous distribution of the incorporated element during the further dwelling stage of the annealing. This approach is very versatile and could be used in many similar fabrication processes for incorporating Ge into CZTSe

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38

Khadir, Abdelkader, Mohamed Lahoual, Mohamed Kamel Abdelhafidi, and Noureddine Sengouga. "Design of CZTS/CZTSe tandem solar cells with enhanced performance." Materials Today Communications 37 (December 2023): 107094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.107094.

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39

Collord, Andrew D., and Hugh W. Hillhouse. "Composition Control and Formation Pathway of CZTS and CZTGS Nanocrystal Inks for Kesterite Solar Cells." Chemistry of Materials 27, no. 5 (2015): 1855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00104.

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Kang, Jin-Kyu, Dae-Hwan Kim, Shi-Joon Sung, et al. "Title : The Flexible Solar Cells Using Earth Abundant Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 19 (2024): 1764. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02191764mtgabs.

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The development of flexible solar cells utilizing non-toxic, earth-abundant materials is of paramount importance in driving market competitiveness and fostering the adoption of innovative business models such as Building Integrated Photovoltaics. While CZTS-based (Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4, Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4) solar cells offer promising cost advantages due to their low-cost available absorber materials, their progress has been impeded by challenges like narrow phase stability and secondary phase defects. To address these challenges, researchers have been actively exploring the potential of metal-dopi

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Larramona, Gerardo, Stéphane Bourdais, Alain Jacob, et al. "8.6% Efficient CZTSSe Solar Cells Sprayed from Water–Ethanol CZTS Colloidal Solutions." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 5, no. 21 (2014): 3763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz501864a.

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Maniam Sivasankar, Sivabalan, Carlos de Oliveira Amorim, and António F. da Cunha. "Progress in Thin-Film Photovoltaics: A Review of Key Strategies to Enhance the Efficiency of CIGS, CdTe, and CZTSSe Solar Cells." Journal of Composites Science 9, no. 3 (2025): 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9030143.

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Thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) represent a promising frontier in renewable energy technologies due to their potential for cost reduction, material efficiency, and adaptability. This literature review examines the key materials and advancements that make up TFSC technologies, with a focus on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and its sulfo-selenide counterpart Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe). Each material’s unique properties—including tuneable bandgaps, high absorption coefficients, and low-cost scalability—make them viable candidates for a wide range of applications, f

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Rahimi, Serveh, and Mostafa Shooshtari. "CZTSe-Based Solar Cell Performance Improvement Using the CSLO Technique." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (2022): 4119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094119.

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Here we investigated a novel layer-based optimization technique to improve the performance of a CZTSe solar cell. By using this technique, the optical behavior and electrical properties of the proposed solar cell improved significantly as a result of the changes in the layer specifications and the layer materials. The structure of the cell consisted of an absorber laid on a conducting layer and covered by Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), with ZnO on its top surface. Due to the employment of the CSLO technique, a p+pn junction was formed between the absorber and window layers, which provided a lower rec

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Yassine, B., B. Tahar, G. Fathi, B. Meriem, and B. Ibtissem. "Modeling and optimization of a CZT(S,Se)-based tandem solar cell." Chalcogenide Letters 22, no. 7 (2025): 637–48. https://doi.org/10.15251/cl.2025.227.637.

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In this paper, we designed a two-junction (tandem) solar cell model (tandem solar cell), consisting of an top and bottom subcell with absorber layers of Cu2SnZnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2SnZnSe4 (CZTSe) materials, respectively, for each subcell with a ZnS buffer layer and a ZnO window layer. This model was validated using the SCAPS-1D numerical simulation program. We also optimized the performance of the tandem cell as a whole using the simulation by studying the effect of the thickness of the absorber layer of the top subcell and the thickness of the absorber layer of the bottom subcell and its doping.

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Benzetta, Abd Elhalim, Mahfoud Abderrezek, and Mohammed Elamine Djeghlal. "Numerical study of CZTS/CZTSSe tandem thin film solar cell using SCAPS-1D." Optik 242 (September 2021): 167320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167320.

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Jahan, Nabila, Riasat Khan, and Mohammad Abdul Matin. "Design and simulation of highly efficient CZTS/CZTSSe based thin-film solar cell." Heliyon 10, no. 21 (2024): e39903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39903.

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Nowak, David, Talat Khonsor, Devendra Pareek, and Levent Gütay. "Vapor-Phase Incorporation of Ge in CZTSe Absorbers for Improved Stability of High-Efficiency Kesterite Solar Cells." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031376.

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We report an approach to incorporate Ge into Cu2ZnSnSe4 using GeSe vapor during the selenization step of alloyed metallic precursors. The vapor incorporation slowly begins at <em>T</em> = 480 °C and peaks at 530 °C, resulting in a Ge-based composition shift inside the previously formed kesterite layer. We initially observe the formation of a Ge-rich surface layer that merges into a homogeneous distribution of the incorporated element during the further dwelling stage of the annealing. This approach is very versatile and could be used in many similar fabrication processes for incorporat

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Rana, Md Sohel, Md Mazharul Islam, and M. Julkarnain. "Enhancement in efficiency of CZTS solar cell by using CZTSe BSF layer." Solar Energy 226 (September 2021): 272–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.08.035.

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Cheng, Ke, Zhongcheng Kuang, Jingling Liu, et al. "Fabrication of CZTSSe absorbers by optimized selenization of one-step co-electrodeposited CZTS precursors." Journal of Materials Science 52, no. 18 (2017): 11014–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1279-z.

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Gao, Feng, Tsuyoshi Maeda, and Takahiro Wada. "Fabrication of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells by printing and high-pressure sintering process." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1002.

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ABSTRACTWe fabricated Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells by a printing and high-pressure sintering (PHS) process. First, the CZTSSe solid solution powders were synthesized by heating the elemental mixtures at 550oC for 5 h in an N2 gas atmosphere. We fabricated CZTSSe films by a printing and high-pressure sintering (PHS) process. The obtained dense CZTSSe film was post-annealed at 550oC for 10 min under an N2 +5% H2S gas atmosphere. We fabricated CZTSSe solar cells with the device structure of Ag/ITO/i-ZnO/CdS/CZTSSe/Mo/soda-lime glass. The CZTSSe solar cell showed an efficiency of 2.1%, w

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