Academic literature on the topic 'Cœur – Ventricule gauche – Maladies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cœur – Ventricule gauche – Maladies"
Lakehal, Redha, Soumaia Bendjaballah, Radouane Boukarroucha, et al. "Cardiac hydatic cyst ruptured in the pericardium complicated tamponade. A case report." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 7, no. 1 (2020): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmscr.2020.7112.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cœur – Ventricule gauche – Maladies"
Vaillancourt, Mylène. "Étude des mécanismes étiologiques du remodelage vasculaire en hypertension pulmonaire primaire et secondaire aux cardiopathies gauches." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26761.
Full textPulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by an elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure (> 25mmHg). This hypertension may be primary (PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension) or secondary to another disease, for example, due to left heart disease (PH-LHD, pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease). In PAH, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) are hyperproliferative and apoptosis resistant, causing vascular remodeling and PH. Recently, the epigenetic reader bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) was showed to sustain proliferation in cancer cells. Since BRD4 is a predictive target of miR-204, a micro-RNA downregulated in PAH, we hypothesized that BRD4 overexpression, caused by miR-204 downregulation, is involved in PAH-PASMC hyperproliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotype. In chapter 2, we showed that BRD4 overexpression was indeed regulated by miR-204 and sustains PASMC deregulation by modulating the oncoproteins NFATc2, Bcl-2 and Survivin. Finally, we showed that in vivo pharmacological and molecular BRD4 inhibition reversed vascular remodeling and PAH. Although PAH is the most severe form of PH, PH-LHD is by far the most common. Unfortunately, there are few models for its study. To expand our knowledge of the etiological mechanisms of pulmonary vascular remodeling to this group, we developed and characterised, in chapter 3, 2 PH-LHD models by the transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and the supracoronary banding (SAB) in rats. As expected, TAC ad SAB rats developed left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we observed in these animals the development of PH with pulmonary remodeling similar to the pulmonary histopathology reported in some PH-LHD patients, allowing us to confirm the validity of these two models for the study of vascular remodeling in this PH group.
Dhahri, Wahiba. "Le métabolisme énergétique comme cible potentielle d'intervention thérapeutique pour l'hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche dans un modèle d'insuffisance aortique sévère chez le rat." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26181.
Full textAortic valve regurgitation (AR) is defined by the abnormal reflux of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle (LV) during diastole due to loss of etancheity causing volume overload (VO) disease and eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Parallel to the structural and functional remodeling associated with LVH, a metabolic remodeling is also observed. Furthermore, to our knowledge, the impact of a pharmacological intervention that targets the damaged myocardial metabolism in LVH caused by VO has not been studied. There are also gaps in knowledge about the functional and metabolic changes manifested in chronic AR with the establishment of obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this perspective, this work tested the general hypothesis that treatment with metformin or fenofibrate targeting two essential pathways in energy metabolism (AMPK and PPARα respectively) will improve function and myocardial metabolism and that administration of a high-fat diet (obesogenic) will negatively influence the function and cardiac remodeling and energy metabolism. The main objectives of this thesis are to assess the short-term (8 weeks) effects of two pharmacological treatments: fenofibrate and metformin as well as the impacts of a long term (30 weeks) consumption of a diet enriched in fat, on clinical and echocardiographic parameters and myocardial energy metabolism in an animal model of chronic VO caused by surgical induction of severe AR in rats. My studies have shown in the AR rat that both treatments reduced the dilation and eccentric LV remodeling but without preventing LVH. It was observed that the consumption for 30 weeks of a high-fat diet had a negative impact on the survival and development of LVH and myocardial metabolism in AR rats compared to the control diet. These results lead us to believe that the nature of the food taken by AR patients may influence the development of the disease and survival.
Dahou, Abdellaziz. "Intérêt de la déformation longitudinale globale du ventricule gauche chez les patients atteints de sténose aortique à bas débit et bas gradient avec basse fraction d'éjection." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25322.
Full textAortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries. Approximately, 5 to 10 % of patients with severe aortic stenosis have a low cardiac output with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The presence of a low cardiac output can distort the assessment of the severity of the aortic stenosis and thus lead to non-adequate therapeutic decision. Two main challenges are posed by these patients. The first is to differentiate a truly severe AS from a pseudo-severe AS, i.e. a failing left ventricle unable to fully open valve slightly or moderately stenotic. This distinction is crucial because the aortic valve replacement will be beneficial only in the case of true-severe AS. The second challenge is to accurately quantify myocardial damage. To this effect, the contractile reserve is important to assess because patients who do not have contractile reserve have a high risk of operative mortality following AVR. Unfortunately, traditional parameters derived from rest or stress echocardiography that are used to assess the severity of AS and myocardial dysfunction are not adequate in low flow state. Therefore, quantification of the disease severity and the ensuing therapeutic management may not be appropriate in a large proportion of these patients. The main objective of this project is to determine the usefulness of left ventricular longitudinal deformation measured at rest and during stress echocardiography with dobutamine for risk stratification and its impact on prognosis and management of patients with low-gradient aortic stenosis with impaired LVEF. Our hypothesis is as follows: The left ventricular global longitudinal strain is superior to the LVEF to predict mortality in patients having LF-LG AS with low EF included in the TOPAS study.
Laflamme, Marie-Hélène. "Impact de l'axe de la parathormone sur la masse ventriculaire gauche suite à une chirurgie de remplacement de la valve aortique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26748.
Full textLeft ventricular hypertrophy is a frequent complication in patients suffering from aortic stenosis. When these patients undergo an aortic valve replacement, the extent to which the left ventricular hypertrophy regresses depends on hemodynamic factors, which are often irreversible. In this work, we investigated the contribution of parathormone to left ventricular hypertrophy in these patients. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 195 patients at a mean of 8±3.5 years following their aortic valve replacement. Left ventricular function and mass were measured by Doppler echocardiography. We dosed the plasma levels of parathormone, vitamin D, calcium and phosphate. The results showed an independent and significant association between parathormone blood level and left ventricular mass and hypertrophy. Furthermore, plasma level of vitamin D and renal function were inversely correlated with plasma level of parathormone.
Dupuis, Marlène. "Intérêt de la fraction d'éjection antégrade du ventricule gauche calculée par la méthode de Dumesnil chez les patients avec une régurgitation mitrale organique sans critères chirurgicaux d'intervention mitrale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31468.
Full textMitral regurgitation is the most frequent valvular disease in western countries. Organic mitral regurgitation is a progressive disease associated with worse prognosis and reduced survival. Surgical intervention (mitral valve repair or replacement) and transcatheter mitral valve procedure are the only available therapies for severe mitral regurgitation. However, the optimal timing of mitral valve surgery in asymptomatic patients with severe mitral regurgitation remains controversial. Some studies concluded that, with a rigorous follow-up and a prompt surgery when the surgical criteria described in the guidelines occur, patients with a severe mitral regurgitation had a similar survival as the rest of the population. Several studies suggested that, in patients with severe mitral regurgitation, an early surgery after the diagnosis improved the prognosis compared to a “watchful waiting” strategy. There is probably no universal strategy for every patient in every hospital. We need to improve individualized risk stratification in patients with organic mitral regurgitation, so we can improve the follow-up of the patients and the selection of the optimal timing of the surgery. There is an important proportion of the patients who will never need to be operated because they will never meet surgical criteria and never develop symptoms. However, we are currently unable to determine which patients will develop left ventricular systolic in the postoperative period, despite the fact that they have no surgical criteria in the pre-operative period. The actual surgery criteria in the guidelines are: the occurrence of symptoms, a left ventricular systolic dysfunction (established by a left ventricular ejection fraction <60% or a left ventricular end-systolic diameter >40mm), the occurrence of a new onset of atrial fibrillation and the occurrence of a new onset of pulmonary hypertension. The objective of this master project was to identify the echocardiographic factors that improve risk stratification in patient with an asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. Our main hypothesis was that the forward left ventricular ejection fraction, calculated by Dumesnil method, is more sensitive than the total left ventricular ejection fraction to detect left myocardial dysfunction and predict event (mitral surgery or death) in patients with an organic mitral regurgitation without surgical criteria.
Mesana, Thìerry. "Assistance ventriculaire gauche hérétotopique par pompes rotatives : aspects méthodologiques, technologiques et cliniques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX21906.
Full textAllouche, Cyril. "Reconstruction, recalage et modélisation 4D du mouvement du ventricule gauche du cœur humain pour le traitement d'images médicales." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112048.
Full textThe present PhD thesis is devoted novel 3D and 4D reconstruction and registration techniques for cardiac imaging. It was made within the "Philips Research France" laboratories, Medical Imaging Systems group, from October 1999 to November 2001, with academic collaboration with INRIA's EPIDAURE project. Part I describes my work on MRI tagging images, including a very fast and accurate tag detection algorithm, a new interpolation technique for wall motion computation from the grid points and applications to the acquisation of quantitative and clinical motion parameters. Part II introduces novel methods for the building of a 3D compact deformation model of the human left ventricle, then for a statistical 4D (3D+t) model. Part III is devoted to the application of Part II models to surface-based registration. Relevant applications are shown on the wall motion computation in 3D echocardiography. .
Hervé, Christian. "Étude échocardiographique des phénomènes mécaniques de la relaxation du ventricule gauche : relation entre cinétique de paroi et flux transmitral." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120027.
Full textDuboisset, Pascal. "Bénéfice à moyen terme de la chirurgie de revascularisation coronarienne : influence de la fraction d' éjection pré-opératoire : à propos d' une série de 98 patients opérés de novembre 1983 à décembre 1986." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF13032.
Full textMarsit, Ons. "Agrandissement des feuillets mitraux en insuffisance aortique : un mécanisme actif pouvant prévenir l'insuffisance mitrale dans le ventricule dilaté." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27146.
Full textMitral leaflet enlargement in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) has been recently identified as an adaptive mechanism to prevent functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in dilated left ventricles (LV). The timing of these morphologic changes is not known, and it is not clear if leaflet expansion is the result of active growth vs passive valve stretching. We hypothesised that pathways of growth are activated early in response to AR. We used a rat model of AR (retrograde aortic perforation) known to cause initial rapid LV dilatation (first 2 months), followed by a chronic phase with slower LV remodeling. AR was induced in 58 rats vs 53 sham. Animals were euthanized at different time points after AR creation (48 hours, 1 week and 3 months). AR severity, FMR and LV dilatation were assessed by serial echocardiograms. Mitral valves were harvested for microscopic and molecular analyses to document reactivation of embryonic growth pathways. AR animals had increased LV dimension and mitral annulus size. No animal developed FMR. No change in leaflet length or thickness was seen at 48h, however anterior mitral leaflets were longer in AR animals at 1 week and 3 months. By microscopy, mitral leaflets in AR animals were thicker at 1 week and 3 months. Molecular changes were present early (48 hours and one week) suggesting active matrix remodeling. RT-PCR studies showed increased collagen, α-sma, TGF-β1 and MMP-2 expression in the leaflets at 1 week. At 3 months, these molecular changes were not seen. This model of AR with progressive LV dilatation induces active expansion and thickening of the mitral leaflets. Growth signals are seen acutely but not at 3 months suggesting that most of this enlargement occurs early and in parallel of LV dilatation. Stimulation of this growth could represent a new strategy to prevent FMR in patients with dilated LV.
Book chapters on the topic "Cœur – Ventricule gauche – Maladies"
Habib, G. "Non-compaction du ventricule gauche. Apport de l’échocardiographie." In Imagerie en coupes du cœur et des vaisseaux. Springer Paris, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0435-4_14.
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