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1
Kusner, David John. "Regulation of phospholipase D activity in U937 cells." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057945948.
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Raymond, Frank Damian. "Inositol specific phospholipase D activity : a GPI-cleaving enzyme." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321569.
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Jathoul, Amit Paul. "Activity of firefly luciferase with 6'-amino-D-luciferin." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612384.
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Torrie, Joan P. "Extracellular beta-D-mannanase activity from Trichoderma harzianum E58." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7732.
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In this work, 4 yeasts (Pichia wickerhammi, Candida wickerhammi, Pichia stipitis CBS5776, Pichia stipitis CBS5876), and 5 fungi (Theivalia spp., Thermoascus aurantiacus, Tyromyces palustris A, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum), known to excrete enzymes capable of hydrolyzing polysaccharides found in association with $\beta$-D-mannans, were assessed for their ability to degrade $\beta$-D-mannans. The $\beta$-D-mannanase activity found in the culture filtrate of T. harzianum was selected for further study and a 'cellulase-free' $\beta$-D-mannanase isolated from culture filtrates of T. harzianum grown on medium supplemented with 1% w/v locust bean gum studied. $\beta$-D-Mannanase activity was detected in T. harzianum culture filtrates from media supplemented with 1% (w/v) Avicel, locust bean gum galactomannan, konjac root glucomannan, or spruce wood water-solubles. Medium supplemented with 1% (w/v) mannose did not induce $\beta$-D-glucomannanase or $\beta$-D-galactomannanase activity. However, when 0.5% (w/v) $\beta$-D-galactomannan was added with mannose, $\beta$-D-mannanase activity was detected in the culture filtrate. Growth of the fungus on mannan-rich locust bean gum resulted in the highest specific $\beta$-D-glucomannanase and $\beta$-D-galactomannanase values. A zymogram assay was developed to selectively detect $\beta$-D-mannanase activity in crude culture filtrates. The presence of different polysaccharides in the growth medium resulted in different $\beta$-D-mannanase zymogram profiles. Analyses of the protein profiles of the culture filtrates separated by isoelectric focusing revealed several bands having $\beta$-D-mannanase and endoglucanase activity. A protein band having $\beta$-D-mannanase activity but lacking detectable cellulase activity was identified. This enzyme was purified to homogeneity via a sequence involving ultrafiltration, ion exchange and gel filtration. This 'cellulase-free' $\beta$-D-mannanase has the highest reported pI for a fungal $\beta$-D-mannanase. The isolated enzyme had a molecular weight of 42.9 $\pm$ 4 kD, an optimum temperature of 60-65$\sp\circ$C, an optimum pH of 5.8, a pI of 6.55, and possessed at least 75% of maximum activity over a pH range from 3.21-6.8. Enzymatic activity was stable during 12 months of storage at 4$\sp\circ$C. $\beta$-D-mannanase activity was resistant to pepsin, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, trypsin, and Staphylococcus V8 protease. The effect of metal ions, detergent and solvents on $\beta$-D-mannanase activity was also determined. Although the enzyme did not degrade Avicel or Solka floc, it did associate with both celluloses. Enzyme associated with these celluloses remained active towards locust bean gum galactomannan. The overall efficiency of the enzyme (V$\sb{\rm max}$/K$\sb{\rm m})$ for the target substrate, locust bean gum galactomannan, was reduced by the presence of 1.0% w/v Avicel. Of the four $\beta$-D-mannans tested, the enzyme had greatest overall efficiency towards konjac glucomannan. However, deacetylation of konjac glucomannan lowered the efficiency of the enzyme by 41.5%. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Blanke, Ulf Mario [Verfasser]. "Recognizing Complex Human Activity Based on Activity Spotting / Ulf Mario Blanke." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017353484/34.
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Suzana, Jovanović-Šanta. "Biološka aktivnost novosintetisanih D-seko i D-homo-estratrienskih derivata u in vivo i in vitro uslovima." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20101008JOVANOVICSANTA.
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Sintetisana su nova jedinjenja, 16- i 17-supstituisani 16,17-sekoestratrienski derivati i D-homoestranski derivati, polazeći od 3-benziloksi-17-hidroksi-16,17-sekoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-16-nitrila. Ispitana je estrogena i antiestrogena aktivnost u eksperimentima <em>in vivo</em>, antiaromatazna aktivnost <em>in vitro</em>, antioksidantna aktivnost DPPH i TBA testom, kao i antiproliferativna aktivnost prema ćelijskim linijama MCF-7 ATCC, MDA-MB-231, HT-29 i MRC-5 novosintetisanih jedinjenja.<br>Some new compounds, 16- and 17-substituted 16,17-secoestratriene derivatives, as well as D-homoestratriene derivatives, were synthesized, starting from 3-benzyloxy-17-hydroxy-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5 (10)-triene-16-nitrile. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for their <em>in vivo </em>estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity, <em>in vitro </em>antiaromatase activity, antioxidative activity by DPPH and TBA tests, as well as antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 ATCC, MDA-MB-231, HT-29 i MRC-5 cell lines.
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Pham, Ethan. "Relationships among Vitamin D Deficiency, Metabolic Syndrome, Smoking Behavior, and Physical Activity." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4812.
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Aging increases the risk of both vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome may be related, although there are mixed findings. Furthermore, literature suggests other factors such as physical fitness activity and smoking behavior are associated with Vitamin D deficiency and the development of metabolic syndrome. A number of studies have documented associations between Vitamin D levels and physical fitness activities, while other studies found correlations between Vitamin D levels, metabolic syndrome, and smoking behavior. However, no previous study has examined the links between physical fitness activity, smoking behavior, Vitamin D levels, and the risks for metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine if smoking behavior and physical fitness activity moderated the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome among older individuals. The research problem was addressed through the use of retrospective data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006. This study utilized a quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional design employing regression and correlational analysis to determine that Vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.02) predicts metabolic syndrome (n = 1570). However, neither physical activity (p = 0.99) nor smoking behavior (p = 0.23) moderated the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome (n = 1570). The results of the study could give practitioners a better understanding and insights into the different risk factors to metabolic syndrome among older individuals, which can eventually enable primary and secondary prevention interventions.
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Fantino, Davide. "Innovation activity, R&D incentives, competition and market value." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/166/.
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This thesis examines some characteristics of the interaction between innovation activity of firms, in particular R&D, and economic system. The first main chapter analyses a mechanism of interaction between R&D and market structure, in a horizontally differentiated market where firms invest to increase differentiation among varieties. R&D activity declines over time; prices, output and short-run profits of firms producing the differentiated product move towards the higher steadystate values, production of the non-differentiated good falls. The increasing specialization improves the overall utility of consumers. The comparison with the socially optimal solution shows that firms underinvest in R&D. The second main chapter evaluates the effectiveness of the incentives to development of innovations provided by the Italian Ministry for Economic Development through the Fund for Technological Innovation. We analyse the subsidies to firms supplied by the general and the special sections of this Fund, using a difference-in-differences framework and a regression discontinuity one. We find no hints of effect on investments, dimension, labour productivity, labour costs, financial structure and profitability. For the general section, the effect on assets is positive, suggesting that firms used the subsidy to finance current expenditures. The third main chapter examines the relationship between R&D and market value of firms. We find high heterogeneity in the coefficients of different US manufacturing sectors between 1975 and 1995; sometimes the effects of current R&D on market value are very small or negative. We develop a model with uncertain R&D, where we decompose market value in two components, due to the already concretized assets and to work-in-progress R&D. Risk aversion may cause different evaluations of these components: when investors are risk-averse and managers maximize the long-run firm value, the risk associated with work-in-progress R&D reduces the short-run firm value even if its expected long-run value grows.
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Gupta-Ostermann, Disha [Verfasser]. "Computational Methods for Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis and Activity Prediction / Disha Gupta-Ostermann." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080561277/34.
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Scammells, Peter J., and n/a. "Pyrazolo(3,4-d)Pyrimidines and adenosine receptors: a structure/activity study." Griffith University. Division of Science and Technology, 1990. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050826.141630.
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Pyrazolopyrimidines are a general class of compounds which exhibit Aj adenosine receptor affmity. A number of pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine analogues of isoguanosine and i-methylisoguanosine has been synthesised. All compounds were tested forAi adenosine receptor affinity using a (311) R-PIA competitive binding assay. The N-i and N-5 positions were substituted with a number of different ailcyl and aryi groups. 3-Chiorophenyl substitution of the N-i position and butyl substitution of the N-5 position greatly enhanced the overall adenosine receptor affinity. Substitution by a methyl group at the N-7 position fixed the C-4 position in the imino tautomeric form. This resulted in a marked reduction in activity. The substitution of the N-2 position with a phenyl group produced an analogue with a similar structure to i,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine (PACPX). A 2-phenyl substituent was favourable for interaction with the adenosine receptor. A number of pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrirnidine analogues of 4,6-bis-a-carbamoylethylthio-i-phenylthiopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrinhidine (DJB-KK) has also been synthesised and tested for Aj adenosine receptor affinity. 4,6-Bis-alkylthio-1-phenylpyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidines with a-carbamoylethyl and u-carbamoylpropyi groups were compared. The additional methyiene of the a-carbamoylpropyl group produced increased adenosine receptor affinity. 6-a-Carbamoylethylthio-4-mercapto-1-phenylpyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine and 4-cc-carbamoylethylthio- i-phenylpyrazolo(3,4-dlpyrimidine were compared. Substitution of the C-6 position maintained activity, while substitution of the C-4 reduced activity.
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Devlin, Marni Allison. "The characterization of TSH-mediated phospholipase D activity in thyroid cells." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0017/MQ47020.pdf.
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Curtis, Ffion. "The role of Vitamin D and physical activity in glycaemic homeostasis." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/273bb25b-0cdf-4dfb-93fa-c7e0e89b3434.
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In Wales nearly 5% (160,000) of the population have been diagnosed with diabetes, and it is thought that there is another 66,000 undiagnosed cases (Diabetes UK). Vitamin D deficiency is also increasing in prevalence, and there is emerging evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to impaired β-cell function, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance, all of which are central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (Song & Manson, 2010). Following NHS and University ethical approval Welsh domiciled participants (n = 116) with varying levels of glucose control attended the Department of Sport and Exercise laboratory three times over a twelve-month period to examine the relationship between vitamin D and glucose homeostasis. Significant associations were observed between 25(OH)D and measures of glycaemia, and a seasonal variation was observed in 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in this Welsh population (summer 71.3 ± 23.8; winter 42.6 ± 23.8 nmol/l). Participants with normal glucose control (≤ 6 mmol/l) had significantly (U = 884.00, p = 0.03) higher 25(OH)D concentrations than those with abnormal glucose control (≥ 6.1 mmol/l). A randomised control trial failed to find an effect of vitamin D supplementation (2000 IU/day) and a fifteen-week cycling programme on measures of glycaemia and body composition in 36 healthy participants. There was a significant (23%) increase in vitamin D status in participants in the supplementation groups demonstrating the effectiveness of the dose administered. Combined with the body of evidence in this area (Pittas et al., 2007) the findings from this thesis provide some support for the potential role of vitamin D supplementation in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Dessyllas, Panayotis J. "Mergers, R&D and patenting activity in high technology sectors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614788.
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Loedolff, Michiel Christiaan. "Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of ring D alkyl 19-norsteroids." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18380.
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Studies have been conducted in synthesising ring D alkyl 19- norsteroids. The aim was to investigate methods for the stereoselective introduction of alkyl groups at C(14) and C(15), for eventual conversion of the intermediates into 14- and 15-alkyl analogues of estradiol hormones. In the first phase of this investigation, 17β-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxyestra-1,3,5(10),14-tetraen-l6-one was synthesised as starting material for alkylation experiments. Estrone 3-methyl ether was converted into the derived 17β-hydroxy 16-ketone by standard methods. This conversion involved the introduction of a 16α-hydroxyl group by bromination-hydrolysis, followed by base-mediated rearrangement of the hydroxy ketone to the thermodynamically preferred 16-ketone. Protection of the 17β-hydroxyl group as a TBS ether, followed by palladium acetate-mediated dehydrosilylation of the derived ∆¹⁵-16-trimethylsilyloxy enol ether gave the ∆¹⁴-16-ketone.The 17β-silyloxy ∆¹⁴-16-ketone resisted conjugate addition reactions, leading only to products of 1,2-alkylation. Stereoselective introduction of a 16-allyl group gave the corresponding ∆¹⁴-16-allyl 16-alcohols, but these compounds showed no sigmatropic reactivity and failed to undergo anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement. Hydride reduction of the 16-oxo group gave the corresponding At4-16-alcohols. The stereoselectivity was dependant on the choice of reagent. The ∆¹⁴-l6α-alcohol underwent ·stereodirected cyclopropanation to give 17β-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-14,15α-methyleneestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-16α-ol. Oxidation of this compound gave the corresponding 14α,15α methylene16-ketone, dissolving metal reduction of which furnished the 16β-alcohol. Routine deprotection of the epimeric pair of methylene 16-alcohols gave the derived estriol analogues, which were subjected to biological evaluation. Treatment of the 14α,15α methylene16-ketone with lithium in liquid ammonia gave 17β-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-14-methylestra-l,3,5(10)-trien-16-one. Stereoselective reduction of the 16-oxo group gave the epimeric 14α-methyl 16-alcohols. Deprotection of these compounds at C(3) gave a second pair of estriol analogues, which were also assayed for receptor binding affinity.
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Jardine, Mogamad Anwar. "Synthesis and structure activity relationships of ring D modified steroidal hormones." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17900.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The synthesis of steroidal 14α,16-methano, 14α,17-methano-, 14α,17-ethano- and 14α,17-propano estradiol analogues as well as 14α-alkyl and 14α-functionalised-alkyl estradiol analogues was investigated. Furthermore, the synthesis of 17β-hydroxy-17α, 14-(epoxymethano)androst-4-en-3-one was undertaken and acid-mediated rearrangement of the 14,17-etheno bridged testosterone analogue gave the 14,16-ethano analogue of androst-4-en-3,17-dione. Established ring D cycloaddition and oxidative cleavage methodology gave ring D 14α-formyl and 14α, 17α-diformyl compounds as key intermediates in the overall synthetic plan. Chemoselective- and stereoselective nucleophilic addition at C-14¹ of the 14α-formyl-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one provided access to 14α-alkyl- and 14α-alkyl-functionalised 19-norsteroids for elaboration toward 14α,17-propano- and 14α-alkylamide estradiol analogues. Synthesis of the 14α,17-methano bridged steroid was attainable indirectly through intramolecular pinacol coupling between the 17-oxo- and 14-formyl group of 14αformyl- 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one. The 14α, 16-methano bridged steroid was synthesised via base-mediated intramolecular cyclisation of 14-(toluene-p-sulfonyloxy)methyl-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5( 1 0)-trien-17-one. Novel compounds were characterised with the aid of high field NMR techniques. A X-ray crystal structure determination of the strained ring D 14α, 17-methano bridged estriol analogue corroborated its structure. The minimum energy conformation of novel estradiol analogues were superimposed on estradiol, and their least square fit values determined and discussed in relation to biological activity. These analogues will contribute toward defining the structural parameters responsible for certain pattern of hormonal activity, and hence, the ultimate goal of predictive drug design.
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Lennefer, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Activity Trackers Work / Thomas Lennefer." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226153313/34.
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Naude, Dollien. "Liggaamsamestelling, groeivertraging en fisieke aktiwiteit van swart adolessente in 'n dorpsgemeenskap : PLAY studie / D. Naude." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4982.
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In South Africa a remarkable weight gain is found in black adolescent girls during mid-adolescence, which is not necessarily the case among boys (Kalk, 2001:577) . Anthropometry is one of the most basic methods for determining over-nutrition and malnutrition status. A considerable amount of research is indeed done on obesity, and quite an amount on growth stunting (OS), but few interventions exist for prevention and treatment of OS. The World Health Organization (WHO) has determined that approximately 230 million children world wide are growth stunted (OS) (WHO working group, 1986). Physical activity in children is affected by average or serious malnutrition and influences adolescents' body build and body composition (BC) because they are in a period of development. Hoffman et al. (2006), Mantsena et al. (2005) and Monyeki et al. (2005) have all found that OS children/adolescents are shorter in length and lighter in mass than adolescents that grow normally. But most OS adolescents have shown a higher skin fold-fat percentage as well as a higher body mass index (BMI). Intra-abdominal fat storage is also found in OS adolescents and children, which is a health risk. Cross sectional studies show that physical activity (p A) decrease with up to 50% during adolescence, which influences body composition. Research has indicated that a P A participation peak is reached between aged 13 and 14 years, when boys are more active than girls. What is less clear is how the pattern of adolescent obesity differs in terms of race, gender and age (Popkin & Udry, 1998). Firstly, the aim of this study was to determine what the nature of research is that has been undertaken regarding body composition (BC) of OS and malnourished adolescents in Africa and South America, by means of a literature study. The second aim was to determine which body composition variables best describe changes in BC in adolescents (13-18 years) after participation in a physical activity intervention. Thirdly, the aim was to determine which BC, relations and maturation differences are found between OS and non growth stunted (NOS) adolescents between ages 13 and 18 years. Finally, the aim was to establish whether the physical activity levels and physical activity patterns of adolescents (13 to 18 years) change congruent to age increase. The study was compiled by means of an availability sample by making use of two secondary black schools in Ikageng (Potchefstroom) in the North West Province. The availability sample comprised a control group and an experimental group of black learners each. The study was of a longitudinal study design nature which stretched from March 2004 to September 2006. Adolescents (N=309) in the North West Province (Potchefstroom, South Africa (158 boys, 211 girls) between ages 13 and 18 years were used in this study. All the learners were in grade 8 at the onset of the study 2004. The experimental group participated in a physical activity intervention programme for practically one hour, two days per week after school hours for twenty-three weeks in 2004 and in 2005 they practised three times per week for nineteen weeks (July school holiday excluded). Attendance percentage of the PA programme was noted according to attendance registers with the experimental group split into three categories, namely low (0%-30% attended), average (30%-60%) and high (60% and higher). The control group (N=87) attended no intervention program. BC, middle-to-hip ratio (MHR), body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (% LV) and skin folds were measured for baseline and again after completion of the intervention programme. Maturation phase was determined by means of two gender specific questionnaires (Tanner Questionnaires). The Previous Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR), compiled by Trost et al. (1999), was used for the study to analyse the PA levels.
Statistica (Statsoft Inc 9) and SAS (SAS Institute Inc, edition 8, Cary NC) computer processing packages were used to process the data collected. Descriptive statistics were used to represent BC components and participants. A Repeated measurements co-variance analysis (ANCOVA) (corrected for attendance percentage and gender) variance analysis (ANOVA) over time, with a Bonferroni post hoc analysis to establish how the different variables differ from each other over the various test period in months. The significance of differences found was set on p<0.05. Next the Mann-Whitney U test was applied to calculate the significant differences of certain variables between the GS and non-growth stunted (NGS) adolescents. The Chi-square test was also used to determine the categorical variables, namely differences in the distribution within the five Tanner phases, as well as the differences between the GS and NGS girls and boys separately, with regard to the distribution between the groups with a body fat percentage lower or higher than the median. The technique of multilevel modelling was used for analysing the change in PA data over time.
The result gained from the literature clearly indicates that GS generally occurs in adolescents and children in developing countries. It was also found that physical activity is. beneficial to the adolescents in terms of body composition, especially for the boys. According to the body mass index (BM!) values, a small percentage of children are classified as overweight, whilst with methods such as the sum of skin folds calculation of skin fold fat percentage and %BF measured by means of air transfer pletismografie (ADP), a larger percentage of children was classified as "over fat". It has also been found that significant differences occurred between the mass, length, length-for-age-z-score (LOZ) , arm span, middle circumference, hip circumference and lean body mass of the GS (28 girls and 28 boys) and NGS (113 girls and 90 boys) groups. The results also indicated a difference in PA levels of boys in the experimental and control groups after participation in the P A programme. With increase in age and over time there was a decrease in weekend physical activity patterns in both groups (experimental and control) for both genders. The experimental group ended at higher PA level than that of the control group of boys over the 30.75 months period. Opposed to this the girls (152 and 59 subjects respectively) did indeed show significant differences during the week as well as during the weekend with the baseline measurements, whereas the experimental group initially showed higher PA levels. These differences were, however, not more significant during end measurements. Both groups of girls further showed a lower curve of PA than that of the boys. The experimental group of boys and girls, as well as the control groups displayed a decrease in PA over the 30.75 months period. With increase in age and over time, a decrease was observed in PA patterns in both groups for both genders, although the last two measurements showed a slight upward inclination, especially in the experimental group of boys. The results showed a difference in PA patterns in the boys in the experimental and control groups, which can be attributed to the PA intervention. From the literature overview the conclusion can be drawn that African countries and other developing countries, where food scarcity is more common, experience a larger extent of problems with GS. The occurrence of GS in South Africa is average. Hence it can be deduced that growth and development need to be taken into consideration when BC is determined in adolescents. Fat percentage is more sensitive measure of obesity than BMI following participation in a PA intervention programme in town community adolescents. Determining BF percentage by means of skin folds and air replacement pletismografie (ADP) is more accurate than BMI in this specific group of experimental subjects. From this study the conclusion can be drawn that differences occur between GS and NGS adolescents of both genders in certain BC and body proportion components, without a difference in sexual development. With regard to the girls in terms of PA levels, it had another effect as with the boys with the intervention. The experimental group of boys, after 3 years (of which they underwent a PA intervention for 2 years) showed a higher PA level than the control group of boys that did not participate in a PA intervention. From this it can be deduced that this intervention did indeed contribute to differences in PA of boys that participate in physical activity programmes in deprived environments, while strategies different from these will need to be developed for girls from these communities.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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P, Savić Marina. "Sinteza i antiproliferativna aktivnost novih D-homo i D-seko derivata androstana." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20130319SAVIC.
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U prvom delu ove doktorske disertacije je izvršenasinteza novih derivata androstana sa D-laktonskomfunkcijom ili D-seko derivata, sa modifikacijama u Ai/ili B-prstenovima. U drugom delu je ispitanaantiproliferativna aktivnost odabranihnovosintetizovanih jedinjenja prema humanimtumorskim ćelijskim linijama (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231,PC-3, HeLa, HT-29, K562) kao i prema zdravimćelijama fetalnih fibroblasta pluća (MRC-5).<br>In first part of this work was achieved synthesis of some new androstane derivatives with D-lactone function and new D-seco derivatives with modification in A and/or B rings. In the second part the antiproliferative activity of selected newly synthesized compounds by human carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, PC-3, HeLa, HT-29, K562) and the healthy cells of fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 ) was examined.
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Poisot, Vazquez Martha Emilia [Verfasser]. "Studies to develop high activity MoS2 : crystallography, thermal analysis and catalytic activity / Martha Emilia Poisot Vazquez." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1019613386/34.
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Kotecha, Suhas Ashok. "G-protein coupled receptor modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate channel activity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63766.pdf.
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Arktedius, Andreas, and Viktor Preiman. "IPO Underpricing and R&D Activity : Evidence from the Swedish Market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447054.
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Historical research on initial public offerings (IPOs) presents strong evidence of underpricing. This study investigates if there is a relationship between underpricing of IPOs and pre-IPO research and development (R&D) activities within a company. According to the literature, R&D activities have characteristics of information asymmetry and uncertainty, which can increase underpricing. This study’s sample consists of 231 Swedish companies listed on Nasdaq Stockholm and Nasdaq First North between January 2010 and December 2020. Sweden has a strong association with innovation activities such as R&D, and the country’s IPO market has snowballed in recent years, making it a suitable context for the study. To investigate the relationship between underpricing and R&D activities, the study uses an OLS regression. The findings indicate that R&D positively affects underpricing, which is in line with previous studies on other markets. In addition, the study finds evidence of Firm Size, Offer Size, Shares Offered, VCPE backed, and Firm Leverage related to underpricing.
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Kenny, Niall Anthony P. "Locomotor activity rhythms and photoperiodic time-measurement in the blowfly Calliphora vicina R-D." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12352.
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Gräfenhain, Maria. "Young children's understanding of joint activity." Leipzig Leipziger Univ.-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/998767239/04.
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Böhme, Martin [Verfasser]. "Tracking gaze and human activity / Martin Böhme." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004772181/34.
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Scholl, Philipp Marcel [Verfasser], Kristof Van [Akademischer Betreuer] Laerhoven, and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Becker. "Activity recognition with instrumented and wearable artifacts." Freiburg : Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155722396/34.
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Tazkari, Reza [Verfasser]. "Physical activity, aging and cognition / Reza Tazkari." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084885328/34.
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Psakis, Georgios. "The D-galactose-H⺠symporter (GaIP) from Escherichia coli : structure-activity relationship." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414216.
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Peery, Sven L. "Catalase Activity Mediates the Inhibitory Actions of 24,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3." DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5535.
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The steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] rapidly stimulates the uptake of phosphate in isolated chick intestinal cells , while the steroid 24,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] inhibits the rapid stimulation by l,25(OH)2D3. Earlier work in this laboratory has indicated that a cellular binding protein for the 24,25(OH)2D3 is the enzyme catalase. Since binding resulted in decreased catalase activity and increased H2O2 production, studies were undertaken to determine if pro-oxidant conditions mimicked the inhibitory actions of 24,25(OH)2D3, and anti-oxidant conditions prevented the inhibitory actions of 24,25(OH)2D3. An antibody against a putative 24,25(OH)2D3 binding protein was found to neutralize the inhibitory effect of the steroid on 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated 32P uptake (P2D3, each in Cells exposed to hormone alone again showed an increased accumulation of 32P from T=5-10 min, while cells treated with catalase inhibitor and hormone had uptake levels that were indistinguishable from controls. We tested whether inactivation of protein kinase C (PKC), the signaling pathway for 32P uptake, occurred. Incubation of cells with 100 nM phorbol-13-myristate (PMA) increased 32P uptake to 143% of controls, while cells pretreated with 50 μM H2O2 prior to PMA did not exhibit increased uptake. Likewise, PMA significantly increased PKC activity at T=1-3 min (P2O2 prior to PMA did not. It is concluded that catalase has a central role in mediating rapid responses to steroid hormones.
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Högström, Magnus. "Vitamins, fatty acids, physical activity and peak bone mass /." Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1451.
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Högström, Magnus. "Vitamins, fatty acids, physical activity and peak bone mass." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1451.
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Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mineral density, deteriorated bone microstructure and increased fracture risk. About 50% of all women and 25% of all men will have an osteoporotic fracture. Given that there is no effective cure in established osteoporosis, prevention is of high importance. Bone mineral density (BMD) is accumulated during childhood and adolescence with a peak at about 20 years of age. Peak BMD has been suggested to explain at least half of the variation in BMD up to old age. Thus, to increase peak BMD could decrease the risk of later fractures. The purpose of the present thesis was to investigate the influence of physical activity, vitamins A and D, and fatty acids on peak bone mass in men. The influence of physical activity on bone accrual was studied in two cohorts. In the first cohort 46 ice hockey players, 18 badminton players and 27 controls, all 17 years of age at baseline, were followed for four years. During the follow up the badminton players gained more bone mass at the hip compared to both the ice hockey players and controls. In the second cohort the associations between physical activity and BMD were investigated in 62 female and 62 male young medical students. The estimated high impact activity per week was associated with bone mass at all sites in the male medical students (r=0.27-0.53, p<0.05). In the female cohort different estimates of physical activity were not related to bone mass at any site. In both males and females correlations between bone mass and body constitution parameters were observed. Levels of vitamin D3, vitamin D2, retinol, retinol-binding-protein-4 (RBP-4) and fatty acids were measured in 78 young men with a mean age of 22.6 years. BMD at various sites were measured using Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. Levels of vitamin D3 showed a significant positive association with all BMD sites and also lean body mass (r=0.23-0.35, p<0.05). Levels of vitamin D2, however, showed a significant negative correlation with BMD of the total body (r=-0.28, p=0.01) and spine (r=-0.27, p=0.02). There was also a significant negative relationship between levels of vitamin D3 and D2 (r=-0.31, p=0.006). Concentrations of n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids showed a positive association with BMD at the total body (r=0.27, p=0.02) and spine BMD (r=0.25, p=0.02). There was also a positive association between levels of n-3 fatty acids and changes in BMD of the spine between 16 and 22 years of age (r=0.26, p=0.02). The significant associations found seemed to be related mostly to the concentration of the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. Levels of retinol and RBP-4 were not related to BMD but to levels of osteocalcin, which is a marker of bone formation. This association disappeared when adjusting for the influence of abdominal fat mass. In summary, the present thesis suggests that many modifiable factors may influence the accumulation of peak bone mass in males, such as physical activity, vitamins, and fatty acids. Further studies are needed to investigate whether optimizing these factors in youth may decrease the risk of osteoporosis later in life.
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Gardell, Pierre. "R&D Activity Investments and Macroeconomic Determinant Factors : A Firm-level Investigation of Two Segments of the Electronic Industry in Sweden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19610.
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Investments in R&D activities are essential to firms. Decisions to increase or decrease R&D investments may rely according to changes in macroeconomic factors. The purpose of this paper is: to examine how firms in the industries; manufacturing computers, electronics and optics and manufacturing electrical equipment, have increased or decreased their R&D investments, in conjunction with macro factors during the 2000s. The sample is 49 Swedish firms. This paper is based on quantitative firm-level panel data on R&D activity investments and aggregated quantitative macro-level data on macro factors. The firm-level panel data set has been put together completely from scratch, using collected and transformed raw data. Using a logistic regression model, the results show that macro factors do affect R&D investments on a micro-level, to some extent. Further, the results show that change in macro factors does to a greater extent, affect decreases in R&D investments than increases in R&D investments. The process of increase and decrease of R&D investment should be considered as two different dynamic processes. Increase and decrease do not follow the same pattern, thus a decrease of R&D investments is a more explicit decision than a decision to increase R&D investments.
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Blanco, Rodríguez Julián. "Magnetic activity at the poles of the sun." [Katlenburg-Lindau] Copernicus Publ, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988508125/04.
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Kiefer, René [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Roth. "Seismic investigations of solar and stellar magnetic activity." Freiburg : Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160875421/34.
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Hauser, Jörn H. "Business-activity-Monitoring : ein Konzept zur Echtzeit-Prozessüberwachung /." Saarbrücken : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986631450/04.
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Monfardini, Júlia Dietsche [UNESP]. "Diterpenos tetranorlabdanos e isocumarinas produzidos por Botryosphaeria parva, um fungo endofítico em Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137771.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-10<br>Os micro-organismos têm demonstrado serem valiosas fontes de princípios ativos de uso clínico, no qual a penicilina é o exemplo mais conhecido de metabólito secundário, de importância medicinal, produzido por fungos. A espécie vegetal Eugenia jambolana Lam., popularmente conhecida como Jambolão, é utilizada na medicina popular brasileira, principalmente no tratamento de diabetes. O fungo Botryosphaeria parva, isolado das folhas da E. jambolana (L.) e codificado como Ej_F01, foi cultivado em escala ampliada em três meios de cultivo: Czapek®, PDB e Milho. Após o período de fermentação do endófito no meio de milho, foi feita uma extração direta com MeOH, seguida de filtração e evaporação do solvente. O extrato obtido foi solubilizado em AcOEt e fez-se três partições líquido-líquido com H2O, após a evaporação do solvente orgânico, o extrato foi dissolvido em CH3CN e foi feita uma nova partição líquido-líquido com Hexano, após a evaporação da CH3CN, foi obtido o extrato de interesse. Após o período de fermentação do endófito nos meios líquidos (PDB e Czapek®), a suspensão micelar foi filtrada a pressão reduzida, separando os micélios dos meios fermentados. Em seguida, os filtrados aquosos foram submetidos a três partições líquido-líquido com AcOEt, e após a evaporação do solvente orgânico, foram obtidos os extratos brutos de interesse. Todos os extratos foram fracionados utilizando técnicas cromatográficas, como Cromatografia em Coluna e/ou Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência preparativa. Após o fracionamento dos extratos brutos, foi possível obter sete substâncias oriundas do extrato do milho, seis substâncias do extrato do Czapek®, e uma do extrato de PDB, que foram submetidas a análises espectrométricas (EM, RMN de 1H, 13C, 1D e 2D) para a determinação/identificação estrutural. As substâncias 05, 08, 09 e 11 foram identificadas como 5-hidroximeleina, rel. (3S, 4S)-4-hidroximeleina, meleina e rel. (3S, 4R)-4-hidroximeleina, respectivamente, pertencentes à classe das isocumarinas; as substâncias 01, 03, 06 e 07 foram identificadas como botryosphaerin A, 13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-7-eno-19,6β:12,17-diolídeo, CJ-14445 e oidiolactona E, respectivamente, pertencentes à classe dos diterpenos tetranorlabdanos; a substância 12 foi identificada como botryosphaerona D, pertencente à classe das naftalenonas. A substância 02, inédita, foi nomeada como rel. (4S, 5R, 6R, 10S)-18-hidroxi-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-7,9-dieno-19,6β:12,17-diolídeo, codificada como botryosphaerin I. Os estudos relacionados ao B. parva têm como finalidade verificar sua produção metabólica em diferentes meios de cultivo, bem como a avaliação do potencial biológico dos extratos brutos, frente aos ensaios antioxidante, antifúngico e anticolinesterásico.<br>Microorganisms have proven to be valuable sources of active principles for clinical use, wherein the penicillin is the best known example of a secondary metabolite of medicinal importance, produced by fungi. The plant species Eugenia jambolana Lam., commonly called Black Plum, is used in traditional Brazilian medicine, especially in the treatment of diabetes. The Botryosphaeria parva fungus, isolated from leaves of E. jambolana (L.) encoded as Ej_F01, was grown on an enlarged scale in three different culture media: Czapek®, PDB and corn. After the fermentation period in the corn media, a direct extraction was done with MeOH followed by filtration and evaporation of the solvent. The extract was disolved in AcOEt and made three liquid-liquid partition with H2O, after evaporation of the organic solvent, the extract was dissolved in CH3CN and was made a new liquid-liquid partition with Hexane, after evaporation of the CH3CN, it was obtained extract of interest. After the fermentation period in liquid media (PDB and Czapek®), the micellar suspension was filtered under reduced pressure, separating the mycelium from the fermented broth. Then, the aqueous filtrates were subjected to three liquid-liquid partition with AcOEt, and after evaporation of the organic solvent, there were obtained the crude extracts of interest. All extracts were fractionated using chromatographic techniques such as column chromatography and/or preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography efficiency. After the fractioning of crude extracts, it was possible to obtain seven substances derived from corn extract, six substances obtained from Czapek extract, and a substance obtained from the PDB extract, which were submitted to spectrometric analysis (MS-ESI, NMR 1H, 13C, 1D and 2D) for determining and structural identification. The substances 05, 08, 09 and 11 were identified as 5-hydroxymelein, rel. (3S, 4S)-4-hydroxymelein, Melein and rel. (3S, 4R)-4-hydroxymelein, respectively, belonging to the class of isocoumarins; the substances 01, 03, 06 and 07 were identified as botryosphaerin A, 13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-7-ene-19,6β:12,17-diolide, CJ-14445 and oidiolactone E, respectively, belonging to the class of tetranorlabdanes diterpenoids, and substance 12 was identified as botryosphaerone D, belonging to the class of naftalenones. A new tetranorlabdane diterpenoid was obtained, substance 02, named rel. (4S, 5R, 6R,10S)-18-hydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-7,9-dien-19,6β:12,17-diolide and encoded botryosphaerin I. These studies related to the B. parva are intended to verify your metabolic production in different culture media as well as the evaluation of the biological potential of extracts compared to antioxidant, antifungal and anticholinesterase trials.
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Poulsen, Sally-Ann, and n/a. "Pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidines: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships for Binding to Adenosine Receptors." Griffith University. School of Science, 1996. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050901.161632.
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Chapter 1 of thesis is a literature review of adenosine research. The central importance of the contributions of both classical pharmacology and, more recently, molecular biology to adenosine research is demonstrated. These disciplines have enabled the classification and characterisation of adenosine receptors and as well an understanding of the physiological significance of endogenous adenosine. The significant benefits of developing therapeutics for regulation of the diverse physiological functions of adenosine, by regulation of adenosine receptors, is outlined. For this therapeutic potential to be realised both high affinity and subtype selective adenosine agonists and antagonists are required. The structure-activity relationships for agonists and xanthine antagonists are discussed. The assimilation of these structure-activity relationships have guided the development of ligand based models of the adenosine receptor pharmacophore. The 'flipped', 'N6-C8' and 'three binding domain' models were described. These models aim to direct the future design of high affinity and selective ligands for adenosine receptors. The development of receptor based models by modelling of the receptor-ligand complex is also presented. The main body of this thesis presents a study of the structure-activity relationships for pyrazolo(3,4-d) pyrimidines binding to adenosine Ai and A2a receptors. Prior to this study few non-xanthine adenosine antagonists had been well defined or optimised in terms of structure-activity relationships. However, the value of such ligands is immense, facilitating further definition of structural requirements for high affinity and selective adenosine receptor binding. These ligands should complement existing agonists and xanthine antagonists in developing an understanding of adenosine receptor binding. The experimental approach to development of the lead compound of this study, a-(6-(l'-carbamoylethylthio)- l-phenylpyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-ylthio)propanamide (5), is outlined in Chapter 2 of this thesis. 5 is substituted at C-4, C-6 and N-i of the pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine heterocycle. The experimental approach to optiniising 5 was approached in a rational manner, requiring an iterative approach i.e. design of generation I target compounds --synthesis -- biological evaluation -- structure-activity relationships -- design of generation II target compounds, etc. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 of this thesis describe this experimental approach as it relates to optimising the lead compound, 5, for adenosine receptor affinity and subtype selectivity. The importance of receptor interactions with multiple ligand domains, to achieve both potency and selectivity, was recognised so that optimisation of the C-4, C-6 and N-i substituents of the lead compound was targeted and achieved. Previous structure-activity studies with agonists and xanthine antagonists have concentrated on modifying a single ligand domain. Chapter 3 presents twelve generation I target compounds to examine C-4 and C-6 substituent structure-activity relationships. Chapter 4 presents twelve generation II target compounds to further examine C-4 and C-6 substituent structure-activity relationships. Chapter 5 presents sixteen generation ifi target compounds to examine N-I substituent structure-activity relationships. A major outcome from the research presented in these chapters was the development of highly potent and highly selective ligands for the adenosine A1 receptor subtype. a(4-Methylamino- I -phenylpyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-6-ylthio)hexanamide (29) was the most potent ligand at the Ai receptor identified in this study, and is one of the most potent Ai selective antagonists ever reported. 29 has an A1 K1 value of 0.745±0.045 nM and is 332-fold selective for the A1 receptor over the A2a receptor. a-(1-Phenyl-4-propylthiopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-6-ylthio)butanainide (27) was the most selective ligand of this study. It is four orders of magnitude selective for the A1 receptor (up to 16900-fold), and one of the most selective antagonists ever reported. This high selectivity has been achieved with the maintenance of good A1 affinity (A1 K1 = 29.5±6.6 nM). These results prove the value of modifying multiple substituents of adenosine receptor ligands, generating ligands which bind with high potency and selectivity to adenosine Al receptors compared to adenosine A2a receptors.
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Meenaghan, Michael. "Human erythrocyte membrane UDPgal:GalNAc #beta#1,3 D-galactosyltransferase activity in individuals with Tn syndrome." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236252.
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Wientzek-Fleischmann, Angelika [Verfasser], Heiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Boeing, and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Busse. "Physical activity and chronic disease risk : development and evaluation of a physical activity index and baseline physical activity data calibration in EPIC Germany / Angelika Wientzek-Fleischmann. Gutachter: Heiner Boeing ; Reinhard Busse. Betreuer: Heiner Boeing." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1067385959/34.
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Grieger, Jens [Verfasser]. "Cyclonic Activity and its Influences on Antarctica / Jens Grieger." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077007248/34.
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Krause, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Effects of microbial activity on marine carbonates / Stefan Krause." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102687727X/34.
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Roye, Björn van [Verfasser]. "Financial stress, uncertainty, and economic activity / Björn van Roye." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042185573/34.
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Trescher, Saskia [Verfasser]. "Estimating Gene Regulatory Activity using Mathematical Optimization / Saskia Trescher." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218529822/34.
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Merkt, Benjamin [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Rotter. "On the measurement and analysis of neuronal subpopulation activity." Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187658553/34.
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Buck, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Modeling Robotic Systems with Activity Flow Graphs / Sebastian Buck." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164293788/34.
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Martinovic, Jasna. "Event related gamma-band activity in visual object representation." Leipzig Leipziger Univ.-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/997541539/04.
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Schauer, Christian Lothar [Verfasser], and Trese [Akademischer Betreuer] Leinders-Zufall. "GnRH-induced calcium signals and spike activity in GnRHR neurons : Change in activity during reproductive cycle? / Christian Lothar Schauer. Betreuer: Trese Leinders-Zufall." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1097263355/34.
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Rosenberg, Heidi J. "Synthesis and biological activity of mimics of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and adenophostin A." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248099.
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Ramborger, Bruna Piaia. "Fitorremediação do 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-d) pelo Plectranthus neochilus." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2017. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/1550.
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-20<br>A utilização de pesticidas visa o aumento da produção e qualidade dos produtos agrícolas.
Porém, estes compostos podem ocasionar danos ao meio ambiente e ao ser humano devido a
sua vasta utilização e toxicidade. O 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacetico (2,4-D) é um herbicida muito
utilizado para diversas culturas no Brasil e no mundo para combater ervas daninha de folha
larga. Possui características de alta solubilidade em água, mobilidade e persistência levando a
contaminação de água e solo e em sua fórmula comercial, utilizada em lavoura, apresenta a
classificação toxicológica I (extremamente tóxico). Desta forma, para a recuperação de áreas
contaminadas com o 2,4-D, a utilização de plantas com capacidade de degradar, estabilizar
e/ou remover contaminantes, conhecida como fitorremediação, torna-se extremamente
importante devido o baixo custo e diversidade vegetal para tal fim. O presente estudo avaliou
a possível capacidade de fitorremediação do Plectranthus neochilus (boldo) exposto ao
pesticida comercial (Aminol) em solo e água através de extrações consecutivas (intervalo de
dias). Após esse período de exposição, foram analisadas as respostas dessa planta em termos
da presença do 2,4-D no chá das folhas, capacidade antioxidante total (DPPH), análise de
polifenóis totais e flavonoides para as plantas expostas ao composto em solo e água. Nas
plantas expostas na água também foi verificado a capacidade antioxidante total pelo método
do fosfomolibdênio e a quantificação de compostos fenólicos. Após 15 dias de experimento, o
2,4-D não foi mais detectado nas amostras de solo e a planta não foi necessária na
descontaminação desta matriz devido a degradação do composto ocorrer nesse mesmo
período. Diferentemente, na água, o 2,4-D permaneceu até 67% em 60 dias de experimento, o
que proporcionou a utilização de dois grupos de tratamento com a planta (um grupo de plantas
por 30 dias e um novo grupo nos 30 dias restantes no mesmo sistema), e assim, obteve-se uma
descontaminação de até 49% do 2,4-D. O composto não foi detectado no chá das folhas da
planta e a capacidade antioxidante total, polifenóis e flavonóides apresentaram-se diminuídos
viii em solo (todo experimento) e água (primeiros 30 dias). Entretanto para aquelas plantas que
estavam na água nos 30 dias restantes, houve um aumento nessas análises próximo ao nível
basal (grupo branco). Na quantificação dos compostos fenólicos (ácido caféico, ácido
cumárico e ácido ferúlico) presente no chá dessas plantas observou-se que no grupo de plantas
dos primeiros 30 dias houve um aumento do ácido cumárico e acido ferúlico, comparado ao
grupo de plantas não expostas ao 2,4-D no tratamento 1 e uma diminuição do ácido caféico no
tratamento 2. Nos 30 dias restantes com as novas mudas, observou-se uma diminuição do
ácido cumárico e aumento dos ácidos cafeico e ferúlico no tratamento 1 e 2. Os resultados
indicaram que a planta teve capacidade de fitorremediar o 2,4-D na água e, embora o
composto tenha causado danos no sistema antioxidante, obteve aumento dos compostos
fenólicos quantificados tornando o chá da planta útil após a fitorremediação.<br>The use of pesticides is aimed at increasing the production and quality of agricultural
products. However, these compounds can cause harm to the environment and to humans due
to their wide use and toxicity. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) is a widely used herbicide
for various crops in Brazil and the world to combat broadleaf weeds. It has characteristics of
high solubility in water, mobility and persistence leading to contamination of water and soil
and in its commercial formula, used in farming, it presents toxicological classification I
(extremely toxic). Thus, for the recovery of areas contaminated with 2,4-D, the use of plants
capable of degrading, stabilizing and /or removing contaminants, known as phytoremediation,
becomes extremely important due to the low cost and plant diversity for this purpose. The
present study evaluated the possible phytoremediation capacity of Plectranthus neochilus
(boldo) exposed to the commercial pesticide (Aminol) in soil and water through consecutive
extractions (interval of days). After this period, the plant's responses were analyzed in terms
of the presence of 2,4-D in leaf tea, total antioxidant capacity (DPPH), total polyphenols and
flavonoids analysis for plants exposed to soil and water. In the plants exposed in the water it
was also verified the total antioxidant capacity by the phosphomolybdenum method and the
quantification of phenolic compounds. After 15 days of experiment, 2,4-D was no longer
detected in the soil samples and the plant was not necessary in the decontamination of this
matrix due to degradation of the compound occurring in the same period. Differently, in
water, 2,4-D remained up to 67% in 60 days of experiment, which provided the use of two
treatment groups with the plant (a group of plants for 30 days and a new group in the
remaining 30 days in the same system), and thus a decontamination of up to 49% of 2,4-D
was obtained. The compound was not detected in tea leaves of the plant and total antioxidant
capacity, polyphenols and flavonoids were decreased in soil (whole experiment) and water
(first 30 days). However, for those plants that were in the water in the remaining 30 days,
x
there was an increase in these analyzes near the basal level (compared to blanc - plants in
contact with water only). In the quantification of the phenolic compounds (caffeic acid,
coumaric acid and ferulic acid) present in the tea of these plants, it was observed that in the
group of plants of the first 30 days there was an increase of the coumaric acid and ferulic acid,
compared to the group of plants not exposed to 2,4-D in treatment 1 and a decreased in caffeic
acid in treatment 2. In the remaining 30 days with the new seedlings, there was a decrease of
the coumaric acid and increase of the caffeic and ferulic acids (treatment 1 and 2). The results
indicated that the plant had the capacity of phytoremediation of the 2,4-D in water and,
although the compound caused damages in the antioxidant system, it obtained an increase of
the quantified phenolic compounds, making tea of the plant useful after phytoremediation.
49
Bühler, Anja [Verfasser]. "Molecular mechanisms regulating phospholipase C-gamma 2 activity / Anja Bühler." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1094889202/34.
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Uhl, Matthias [Verfasser], and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Hayo. "Fiscal Policy and Economic Activity / Matthias Uhl. Betreuer: Bernd Hayo." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1066896267/34.
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