Journal articles: 'D/CAD'

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NAKAO, Yoichi, Kazuhiro HAMAGUCHI, Rikunosuke TSUNEHIRO, and Shinichiro ITAYA. "206 Education of Machine Design Using 3-D CAD/CAE." Proceedings of the Tecnology and Society Conference 2005 (2005): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetsd.2005.65.

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Babu, Numbury Surendra, and Didugu Jayaprakash. "Computational Study of the Stability of Tautomers and equilibrium constants of Cyanuric acid (CA) in Different solvents." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2015): 3485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v11i2.6691.

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In the present investigation, the tautomeric and equilibrium of Cyanuric acid has been studied using Hartifock (HF) method in the gas phase and different solvents using the PCM model. The relative energies of these tautomers have been calculated at the HF level of theory using 6-311++ G (d,p) basis set. Energetics and relative stabilities of the tautomers were compared and analyzed in both the gaseous and different solvents. The results indicate that the keto tautomer (CA1) is the most stable form in the gas phase and other solvents. The order of stability of isomers was found to be CA1 > CA3> CA11> CA2> CA6> CA10> CA7> CA4> CA5> CA9>CA8. Having the largest dipole moment the CA8 tautomer is expected to have the strongest interaction with polar solvents. The HF method calculated tautomeric equilibrium constants with respect to the most stable tautomer CA1 of Cyanuric acid both in the gas and in different solvents. The of the equilibrium constants calculated starting from the general outline of interconversion.

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NAGASAKA, Yasumi. "Development of 3-D CAD Education System." Proceedings of the Tecnology and Society Conference 2016 (2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetsd.2016.121.

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JANCIN, BRUCE. "CAD Events Less Likely With Normal Vitamin D." Family Practice News 40, no. 9 (May 2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(10)70614-9.

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Nepal, Bikash, Ajit Sah, Biplave Karki, Jeet Prasad Ghimire, Aditya Mahaseth, Swapnil Pandit, Ajit Sah, et al. "Serum Vitamin D Level in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Catheterization." Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbpkihs.v4i1.37234.

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Background: Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to measure the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in CAD and its association with severity of angiographic proven CAD. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study included 106 consecutive patients who were admitted for typical angina and had signs of myocardial injury (ECG findings and/ or elevated troponin I or CK-MB) and who underwent coronary angiography at the university hospital of BPKIHS from August 2020 to April 2021. Patients were categorized into angiographic proven CAD group and angiographic normal coronary artery group. Serum vitamin D level was classified as normal (≥ 30 ng/ml) and deficiency (< 30 ng/ml). Results: Out of 106 patients, 78 patients (73.6%) had vitamin D deficiency and 28 (26.4%) had normal vitamin D level (p = 0.39). Vitamin D level (mean ± SD) in patients with angiographic normal coronary artery and angiographic proven CAD were 25.94 ± 11.63 ng/ml and 26.07 ± 12.90 ng/ml respectively (p = 0.97). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 75.0% and 64.3% in significant CAD group and normal coronary artery group respectively (p = 0.39). Similarly, frequency of vitamin D deficiency were 68.6%, 78.3% and 88.90% in single, double, and triple vessel disease respectively (p = 0.21). The vitamin D level (mean ± SD) in single, double and triple vessel disease were 27.31 ± 14.02 ng/ml, 25.69 ± 12.72 ng/ml, 23.08 ± 9.45 ng/ml respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both angiographic normal coronary artery and angiographic proven CAD were high but comparable. There was no association of vitamin D deficiency with severity of angiographic proven CAD.

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Scaranelo, Anabel M., Pavel Crystal, Karina Bukhanov, and Thomas H. Helbich. "Sensitivity of a Direct Computer-aided Detection System in Full-field Digital Mammography for Detection of Microcalcifications Not Associated with Mass or Architectural Distortion." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 61, no. 3 (June 2010): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2009.11.010.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of a direct computer-aided detection (CAD) system (d-CAD) in full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for the detection of microcalcifications not associated with mass or architectural distortion. Materials and Methods A database search of 1063 consecutive stereotactic core biopsies performed between 2002 and 2005 identified 196 patients with Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 and 5 microcalcifications not associated with mass or distortion detected exclusively by bilateral FFDM. A commercially available CAD system (Second Look, version 7.2) was retrospectively applied to the craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views in these patients (mean age, 59 years; range, 35–84 years). Breast density, location and mammographic size of the lesion, distribution, and tumour histology were recorded and analysed by using χ2, Fisher exact, or McNemar tests, when applicable. Results When using d-CAD, 71 of 74 malignant microcalcification cases (96%) and 101 of 122 benign microcalcifications (83%) were identified. There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between CAD sensitivity on the craniocaudal view, 91% (68 of 75), vs CAD sensitivity on the mediolateral oblique view, 80% (60 of 75). The d-CAD sensitivity for dense breast tissue (American College of Radiology [ACR] density 3 and 4) was higher (97%) than d-CAD sensitivity (95%) for nondense tissue (ACR density 1 and 2), but the difference was not statically significant. All 28 malignant calcifications larger than 10 mm were detected by CAD, whereas the sensitivity for lesions small than or equal to 10 mm was 94%. Conclusions D-CAD had a high sensitivity in the depiction of asymptomatic breast cancers, which were seen as microcalcifications on FFDM screening, with a sensitivity of d-CAD on the craniocaudal view being significantly better. All malignant microcalcifications larger than 10 mm were detected by d-CAD.

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Hoppmann, Uta, Harald Engler, Sabrina Krause, Edit Rottler, Julia Hoech, Franziska Szabo, Peter Radermacher, and Christiane Waller. "Systemic Catecholaminergic Deficiency in Depressed Patients with and without Coronary Artery Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10050986.

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Background: Stress and depression are known to contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD) with catecholamines (CA), altering the balance to a pro- and anti-inflammatory stetting and potentially playing a key role in the underlying pathophysiology. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of social stress on the CA system and inflammation markers in patients suffering from CAD and depression. Methods: 93 subjects were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Based on the results of the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, German Version) and the presence/absence of CAD, they were divided into four groups. A total of 21 patients suffered from CAD and depression (+D+CAD), 26 suffered from CAD alone (−D+CAD), and 23 suffered from depression only (+D−CAD); another 23 subjects served as healthy controls (−D−CAD). Subjects were registered at 09:00 AM at the laboratory. A peripheral venous catheter was inserted, and after a 60-min-resting period, the TSST was applied. Prior to and 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after the stress test, plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine concentrations (High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)) were measured together with the inflammation markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)) was measured prior to TSST. Results: (+D−CAD) and (+D+CAD) patients showed significantly lower epinephrine and dopamine levels compared to the (−D+CAD) and (−D−CAD) participants at baseline (prior to TSST). Over the whole measurement period after the TSST, no inter-group difference was detected. Partial correlation (controlling for age, gender and Body Mass Index (BMI)) revealed a significant direct relation between MCP-1 and norepinephrine (r = 0.47, p = 0.03) and MCP-1 and epinephrine (r = 0.46, p = 0.04) in patients with −D+CAD at rest. Conclusions: The stress response of the CA system was not affected by depression or CAD, whereas at baseline we detected a depression-related reduction of epinephrine and dopamine release independent of CAD comorbidity. Reduced norepinephrine and dopamine secretion in the central nervous system in depression, known as ‘CA-deficit hypothesis’, are targets of antidepressant drugs. Our results point towards a CA-deficit in the peripheral nervous system in line with CA-deficit of the central nervous system and CA exhaustion in depression. This might explain somatic symptoms such as constipation, stomach pain, diarrhoea, sweating, tremor, and the influence of depression on the outcome of somatic illness such as CAD.

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Sedky, Nada K., Sally I. Hassanein, and Mohamed Zakaria Gad. "Independent assortment of GC gene polymorphism (rs2282679) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in coronary artery disease." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 96, no. 4 (April 2018): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2017-0334.

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a major public health burden. Emerging research has suggested an association between vitamin D insufficiency and CAD. Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) is the primary vitamin D carrier and many of its genetic polymorphisms are able to induce the expression of proteins with different affinities for the vitamin, which in turn might affect its serum levels and CAD incidence. One hundred and twelve male patients, aged between 35 and 50 years, with verified CAD and 109 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Genotyping was performed by the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay and plasma 25(OH)D levels were assessed by HPLC-UV. Serum parathyroid hormone (s-PTH) and VDBP levels were measured using ELISA. s-25(OH)D levels in CAD patients were significantly lower than in the controls, whereas s-PTH levels were significantly higher in the CAD patients than in the controls. There was no significant difference in the distribution of GC genotypes among both groups. s-25(OH)D showed a weak inverse correlation with s-PTH levels. Serum levels of vitamin D and PTH are highly correlated with CAD incidence. However, the s-VDBP level is associated neither with disease outcome nor with vitamin D status. The GC gene variant has no effect on 25(OH)D levels.

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Birgani, Farshad K., Majid M. Shahi, Bahman Cheraghian, and Habib Haybar. "Investigating the Relationship the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease with Serum Levels of Vitamin D in Men after Eliminating the Effect of Diet." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 4 (July 13, 2020): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666181105143051.

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Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases that can lead to mortality, inability, and lower productivity levels. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D level and cardiovascular risk factors and the severity of CAD after determining and eliminating the confounding effects of dietary patterns in male patients undergoing angiography. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 132 men undergoing angiography during 2017 and 2018. To this end, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) were completed for the patients. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and vitamin D levels were also investigated. Results: Serum vitamin D levels significantly decreased with an increase in CAD severity (p=0.001). Also, low serum levels led to the highest severity of CAD (p=0.005). However, there was no significant difference between patients with vitamin D deficiency with different degrees of CAD (p=0.084). Also, the highest percentage of individuals with normal serum levels of vitamin D was observed in the group without any blocked blood arteries (normal) (p=0.023). Conclusion: This study shows an inverse relationship between serum 25(OH) D level and the severity of CAD. Our data show that vitamin D plays an important role in preventing CAD. These findings could help design prospective studies and clinical trials on a wider scale to investigate the effects of vitamin D interventions in preventing the development of CAD.

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Amara, Ahmed, Meriem Mrad, Aicha Sayeh, Dhaker Lahideb, Samy Layouni, Abdeddayem Haggui, Najiba Fekih-Mrissa, Habib Haouala, and Brahim Nsiri. "The Effect of ACE I/D Polymorphisms Alone and With Concomitant Risk Factors on Coronary Artery Disease." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 24, no. 1 (November 28, 2016): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029616679505.

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Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as atherosclerotic heart disease, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. The role of insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in the etiology of CAD remains to be more completely clarified. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the ACE I/D polymorphism in patients with CAD and to study the association together with traditional risk factors in assessing the risk of CAD. Methods: Our study population included 145 Tunisian patients with symptomatic CAD and a control group of 300 people matched for age and sex. All participants in the study were genotyped for the ACE I/D polymorphisms obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification on genomic DNA. Results: Our analysis showed that the ACE D allele frequency ( P < 10−3; odds ratio [OR] = 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.6-7.6) and DD genotype ( P < 10−3; OR = 6.8; 95% CI = 4.4-10) are significantly more prevalent among patients with CAD than in controls and may be predisposing to CAD. We further found that the risk of CAD is greatly potentiated by several concomitant risk factors (smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a family history of CAD). Conclusion: The ACE D allele may be predictive in individuals who may be at risk of developing CAD. Further investigations of these polymorphisms and their possible synergisms with traditional risk factors for CAD could help to ascertain better predictability for CAD susceptibility.

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Sogomonian, R., H. Alkhawam, J. Jolly, N. Vyas, S. Ahmad, and EA Moradoghli Haftevani. "ID: 2: VITAMIN D AND ITS ASSOCIATION IN OBSTRUCTIVE, NON-OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, AND NORMAL CORONARIES ASSESSED ON CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY." Journal of Investigative Medicine 64, no. 4 (March 22, 2016): 919.2–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000120.18.

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BackgroundPro-atherosclerotic nature of vitamin D deficiency has been shown to increase cardiovascular events. To further demonstrate this phenomenon, we evaluated the degree of coronary artery disease (CAD) with varying levels of vitamin D.MethodA retrospective, single-center study of 9,399 patients admitted between 2005 and 2014 for chest pain who underwent coronary angiography. Patients without a vitamin D level, measured as 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were excluded from our study. 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency were defined by having serum concentration levels of less than 20 ng/ml and 20 to 29.9 ng/ml, respectively, while normal levels were defined as greater than or equal to 30 ng/ml. We assessed the degree of 25(OH)D and the extent of coronary disease with coronary angiography as obstructive CAD (left main stenosis of ≥50% or any stenosis of ≥70%), non-obstructive CAD (≥1 stenosis ≥20% but no stenosis ≥70%) and normal coronaries (no stenosis >20%).ResultsAmong 9,399 patients, 1,311 qualified, of which 308 patients (23%) had normal 25(OH)D levels, 552 patients (42%) had 25(OH)D deficiency and 451 patients (35%) had 25(OH)D insufficiency. In an analysis for the extent of coronary disease we identified 259 patients (20%) having normal coronaries, 720 patients (55%) with obstructive CAD and 291 patients (25%) with non-obstructive CAD.Baseline clinical risk factors, and co-morbidities did not differ in either groups. Patients with 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency (n=1003) developed symptomatic CAD at a mean age of 63-years-old versus 67 with normal 25(OH)D (n=308, p<0.0001).Patients with normal 25(OH)D levels were found to have normal coronaries compared to patients with 25(OH)D deficiency or insufficiency (OR: 7, 95% CI: 5.2–9.5, p<0.0001). Comparing patients with normal 25(OH)D levels, in patients with 25(OH)D deficiency or insufficiency (<29 ng/ml), 65% were found to have obstructive CAD (n=612, OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 2.3–3.7, p<0.0001) and 24% had non-obstructive CAD (n=237, OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2, p=0.02).In a head-to-head, sub-grouped comparison, patients with 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency were found to have obstructive CAD (n=394, OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 2–3.4, p<0.0001) and non-obstructive CAD (n=169, OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 2–3.4, p<0.0001), respectively.ConclusionVitamin D deficiency and insufficiency correlate with obstructive and non-obstructive CAD, respectively. Normal coronaries were shown to be related with normal levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D levels may provide benefit in improving risk stratification for patients with CAD as a possible modifiable risk factor. Further studies may be needed to enhance our findings.

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Lapisa, Remon, Irma Yulia Basri, Ahmad Arif, and Hendra Dani Saputra. "PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI SISWA MELALUI PELATIHAN AUTO CAD." INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi 17, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v17i2.82.

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Siswa-siswa SMK membutuhkan beberapa keahlian yang nantinya akan digunakan ketika siswa menyeleseikan studinya di sekolah. Salah keahlian yang diharapkan adalah kemampuan menggambar menggunakan program Auto Cad. Dimana kemampuan akhir yang diharapkan dari siswa nantinya adalah mampu membuat gambar dalam bentuk model 2-D dan 3-D. Tujuan dari program pelatihan adalah untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan kemampuan dari siswa kelas XII dalam menggunakan program Auto Cad. Dengan program pelatihan ini diharapkan siswa mampu membuat gambar komponen-komponen mesin dalam bentuk format 2-D dan 3-D. Sehingga siswa kelas XII SMK memiliki kemampuan menggambar komponen-komponen mesin dan gambar-gambar lainnya dalam format 2-D dan 3-D. Program pelatihan ini menggunakan metode melaui pemberian modul Auto Cad, diskusi, menayangkan melalui slide cara pembuatan gambar mesin dalam format 2-D dan 3-D serta mempraktekkan cara membuat gambar 2-D dan 3-D. Sehingga diharapkan terjadi peningkatan kemampuan siswa kelas XII dalam menggambar komponen-komponen mesin dan gambar-gambar lainnya dalam format 2-D dan 3-D.

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Chu, Xin Jie. "On 3-D Modeling CAD System of Production Platforms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.320.

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The development of 3-D modeling CAD system on production platforms is mainly discussed in this paper. A suitable petroleum platform design by using software is developed according to the design status of domestic production platforms and the principle of structural life cycle method. The research results have been successfully applied to the 3-D graphic design of production platforms. The design level of offshore platform has been remarkably raised and the design quality has been improved. The technology research on developing method, design analysis method, parameterized modeling method, information management method, version management and etc, and can also be applied to other engineering designs and have certain popularization value.

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Songer, A. D., J. E. Diekmann, K.-A. Rasheed, and B. Hays. "Construction scheduling using 3-D CAD and walk-thru." Construction Innovation 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/147141701128454.

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Farronato, G., A. Magni, D. Falzone, M. Colombo, G. Passaler, V. Viganò, A. Greco Lucchina, and G. Santamaria. "D-Bite (Digital-Bite): tecnica di costruzione CAD/CAM." Mondo Ortodontico 36, no. 1 (February 2011): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mor.2010.09.007.

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NAKAO, Yoichi, Kazuhiro HAMAGUCHI, Rikunosuke TSUNEHIRO, and Shinichiro ITAYA. "Education of Machine Design Using 3-D CAD/CAE." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 73, no. 725 (2007): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.73.24.

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Songer, Anthony D., James E. Diekmann, Khaled‐Al Rasheed, and Benjamin Hays. "Construction scheduling using 3‐D CAD and walk‐thru." Construction Innovation 1, no. 3 (September 2001): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14714170110814604.

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Yong-Jin Liu, Xi Luo, A. Joneja, Cui-Xia Ma, Xiao-Lan Fu, and Dawei Song. "User-Adaptive Sketch-Based 3-D CAD Model Retrieval." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (July 2013): 783–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2012.2228481.

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Provatidis, C. G. "CAD-based collocation eigenanalysis of 2-D elastic structures." Computers & Structures 182 (April 2017): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2016.11.007.

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Powrie, S. E. "Applying cognitive psychology to 3-D modelling in CAD." Applied Ergonomics 20, no. 4 (December 1989): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(89)90186-5.

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Kumar, Manoj, Granth Kumar, Vijay K. Verma, Manish Gupta, and Rajesh K. Gautam. "A study of association of vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 5 (April 26, 2017): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171557.

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Background: Recently vitamin D has received great interests for its multiple effects on inflammatory system and potential role in atherothrombosis. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the common causes of death and disability in developed countries. Experimental evidence points to the involvement of multiple factors in coronary plaque formation, including vitamin D. The study aimed to examine the association of coronary artery disease with vitamin D level.Methods: 140 patients of CAD (coronary artery disease) and 101 age and sex matched control were enrolled in the study and 25-hyroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured. All participants were evaluated for presence of conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease. Association of vitamin D level was established after adjusting other risk factors using logistic regression analysis.Results: In our study vitamin D level is significantly lower in patient group (CAD patients) compared with control group (18.2±10.9 vs 28.8±21ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 81.4% patient in CAD patients whereas 57.7% in control group. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent predictor of CAD after adjusting effect of other risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol and level of physical activity with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.695 (1.148-6.330).Conclusions: In present study patients of coronary artery disease had significantly low level of vitamin D as compared to individual without coronary artery disease. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent predictor of CAD after adjusting other risk factors emphasizing that vitamin D can be a potential risk factor for development of coronary artery disease.

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Sun, Chang Le, Da Yong Ning, Wei Xiong, and Hai Tao Wang. "A Universal Feature Definition Frame for 3-D CAD Model Conversion." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2781.

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Data exchange between 3-D CAD systems has a very important research value both in theory and in application. This paper presents a general outline of a Universal Feature Definition (UFD) frame, which provides universal support for todays 3-D CAD systems. Through the medium of UFD feature, this frame can realize the conversion of 3-D CAD models from source system to target system according to API mapping. This CAD model conversion method may overcome the disadvantage of traditional geometric method that the target model is not editable. This frame also provides the conversion interface of user defined features, which is convenient for the user to customize the desired conversion process. The frame has been implemented between Catia and UG with successful results.

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Epstein, Rachel. "Prime models of computably enumerable degree." Journal of Symbolic Logic 73, no. 4 (December 2008): 1373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1230396926.

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AbstractWe examine the computably enumerable (c.e.) degrees of prime models of complete atomic decidable (CAD) theories. A structure has degree d if d is the degree of its elementary diagram. We show that if a CAD theory T has a prime model of c.e. degree c, then T has a prime model of strictly lower c.e. degree b, where, in addition, b is low (b′ = 0′), This extends Csima's result that every CAD theory has a low prime model. We also prove a density result for c.e. degrees of prime models. In particular, if c and d are c.e. degrees with d < c and c not low2 (c″ > 0″), then for any CAD theory T, there exists a c.e. degree b with d < b < c such that T has a prime model of degree b, where b can be chosen so that b′ is any degree c.e. in c with d′ ≤ b′. As a corollary, we show that for any degree c with 0 < c < 0′, every CAD theory has a prime model of low c.e. degree incomparable with c. We show also that every CAD theory has prime models of low c.e. degree that form a minimal pair, extending another result of Csima. We then discuss how these results apply to homogeneous models.

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Hadžibeganović, Dražena, Rifet Terzić, Amela Jusić, and Aldijana Avdić. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSERTION/DELETION POLYMORPHISM OF THE ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENE AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN BOSNIAN POPULATION." Genetics & Applications 1, no. 2 (March 30, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31383/ga.vol1iss2pp44-49.

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One of the genes considered as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) is the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene. Many studies have been published regarding the relation between the ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and CAD. However, studies have provided controversial results. To explore this further in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, we compared the ACE I/D genotypes and alleles distribution between two groups: 100 CAD patients and 100 healthy control subjects. The higher distribution of DD genotype (47.0%) and D allele (65.5%) were found in CAD patients compared to controls (DD 34.0%; D allele 51.0%). Genotype odds ratio, (DD + ID) on the II, was 2.471 (1.252 – 4.876; 95% CI; p < 0.05). This leads to the conclusion that the DD genotype of the ACE I/D polymorphism affects the risk for development of coronary artery disease in Bosnian population.

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S. K., Tripathy, Dhal N., Pattnaik S., Routray S. N., Das S., Mishra S. K., Panigrahi M., Mohanty B., and Behera M. R. "The correlation of cardiovascular risk factors and angiographic findings with serum vitamin D levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20175535.

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Background: Studies regarding correlation of various conventional risks factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are many. Keeping in mind the scarcity of studies regarding Vit-D Deficiency (VDD), a new risk factor in CAD, present study was conducted to correlate Vit-D level with conventional risk factors and Coronary Angiography (CAG).Methods: Hundred adult patients admitted to Medicine and Cardiology undergoing CAG with suspected or established CAD were kept in study. Patients having renal, hepatic, parathyroid disease, osteomalacia and patients taking drugs interfering with Vitamin D (Vit-D) metabolism were excluded. After detailed history and thorough clinical examination, routine investigations and 25-(OH) D level was estimated. Subsequently patients underwent CAG. Statistical analysis by Mann Whitey test and Chi-square Test was done and inference was drawn.Results: 100 patients in different age groups had hypertension (HTN) in 53, diabetics mellitus (DM) 39, dyslipidemia 62, smokers 38 and family history of CAD 19. CAG showed normal coronaries in 4, Single Vessel Disease (SVD) in 30, double vessel diseases (DVD) 43 and triple vessel disease (TVD) 22. Vit-D level <20ng/ml i.e. Vit-D deficiency (VDD) in 68, 20-30ng/ml i.e. Vit-D insufficiency (VDI) in 22 and >30ng/ml (normal) in 10. VDD was profound in 51-60 and 61-70 years age groups. Statistical correlation of VDD was not significant with conventional risk factors, but statistically significant correlation of VDD was observed with dyslipidemia and CAG findings in our study.Conclusions: Like earlier studies we observed significant correlation of Vit-D levels with CAD. Though dyslipidemia was significantly correlated with VDD, correlation of other conventional risk factors like age, sex, HTN, DM, smoking and family history was not found. We conclude from this study presence of significant association of VDD with severe CAD. DVD and TVD by CAG were common with low Vit-D levels.

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E.G, Sergeeva, and Ionova Z.I. "Association of BsmI and ApaI Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene with Dyslipidemia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease." Journal Of Bioinformatics And Diabetes 1, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-20-3195.

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Purpose The goals of the present study were to assess the genotypic and allelic distribution of Bsm-I (rs1544410) and Apa-I (rs7975232) polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in comparison to control patients of the same age without CAD and to determine whether these gene variants are associated with dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods Based on a case-control design, 302 hospitalized patients with CAD and 194 people of comparable age without CAD were enrolled in the study. The BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms of VDR gene were studied using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction analysis. The allele digested by the restriction enzyme was denoted by a lower letter, whereas that not digested was indicated by a capital letter. Determination of the level of vitamin D and immunoreactive insulin in the blood serum was carried out using the immuno-enzyme method. Results The bb genotype of Bsm-I VDR gene polymorphism was detected more often in patients with CAD than in the comparison group with an increased risk of CAD by 1.52 times (p=0.006, OR=1.52(1.05÷2.2). The level of HDL cholesterol was higher in CAD patients − carriers of BB genotype compared to its level in Bb genotype carriers and bb genotype carriers (1,13±0,05 mmol/l, 1,01±0,03 mmol/l, 1,02±0,03 mmol/l respectively, p<0,05). The level of vitamin D was higher in patients with BB genotype compared to its level in bb genotype carriers (45.12±3.73 nmol / l and 34.16±1.95 nmol/l respectively, p=0.008). The occurrence of a allele of Apa-I VDR gene polymorphism was higher in patients with CAD than in the control group (p=0.02, OR=1.21(0.93÷1.57). HDL cholesterol level was higher in CAD patients - AA genotype carriers compared with carriers of Aa and aa genotypes (1.18±0.08 mmol / l, 1,02±0.02 mmol / l and 1.01±0.03 mmol/l respectively, p<0,05). Immunoreactive insulin level was significantly higher in CAD patients – aa genotype carriers. No differences in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were found. Vitamin D level was lower in CAD patients - Aa and aa genotype carriers (33,8±33,9 nmol/l ,p=0,02 and 24,7±4,9 nmol/l, p=0,05 respectively in comparison to vitamin D level = 43,3 ±4,2 nmol/l in AA genotype carriers). Conclusion The bb genotype of Bsm-I VDR gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of CAD. A carriage of b allele in CAD patients is associated with lower level of vitamin D and HDL cholesterol. A carriage of a allele of Apa-I VDR gene polymorphism in CAD patients is associated with lower level of vitamin D and HDL cholesterol.

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Kent, Jacqueline C., Peter G. Arthur, Robert W. Retallack, and Peter E. Hartmann. "Calcium, phosphate and citrate in human milk at initiation of lactation." Journal of Dairy Research 59, no. 2 (May 1992): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900030405.

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SummaryThe onset of copious milk secretion (lactogenesis II) in women occurs between 1 and 3 d after birth, and during this period the composition of breast milk changes. During the first 5 d of lactation we measured the concentrations of total, diffusible and ionized Ca (Catot, Cad, Ca2+), diffusible phosphate (Pid), diffusible citrate (Citd) and lactose in the breast milk. On day 1 after birth the concentrations (mean ± SEM) were Catot, 5·71±0·30 mM; Cad, 2·66±0·19 mM; Ca2+, 2·90 ±0·18 mM; Pid, 0·26±0·16 mM; Citd, 0·25±0·03 mai and lactose, 76±11 mM. Between day 1 and day 4 the concentration of Catotincreased 1·7-fold to 9·56 ±0·39 mai, Cadincreased 1·8-fold to 4·75±0·26 mM, Ca2+decreased by 20% to 2·33 ± 0·13 mM, Pidincreased 6·6-fold to 1·69±0·11 mM, Citdincreased 20-fold to 5·06±0·21 mM, and lactose increased 2·3-fold to 173±4 mM. A high correlation has been found between [Cad] and [Citd] in the milk of both ruminant and non-ruminant species, which show a wide range in concentrations of [Cad] and [Citd], and the data fit a simple physicochemical model of ion equilibria in the aqueous phase of milk. The results of the present study confirm the relationship between [Cad] and [Citd] in human milk, even during lactogenesis II when the composition of the milk is changing very rapidly.

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Yu, Y. H., R. F. Chang, W. C. Shen, D. K. Lin, S. S. Sun, C. Y. Tu, K. L. Chiu, and W. H. Hsu. "Computer-aided diagnosis in two-phase 201Tl-SPECT of thoracic lesions." Nuklearmedizin 47, no. 01 (2008): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0098.

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SummaryAim: The retention index, a traditionally quantitative analysis of two-phase 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the chest, is manually calculated by experienced physicians from comparable 2-D ROI. However, a 3-D ROI would provide more information than a 2-D ROI extracted from a single frame of SPECT. We propose a new diagnostic system, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), to automatically detect suspicious lesions as 3-D objects on chest 201Tl-SPECT, and assist the physician in interpreting these images. Patients, methods: Seventy patients with thoracic lesions and confirmed diagnoses were enrolled to test this automatic CAD system. The reliability of the CAD system in detecting lesions as 3-D objects was compared to the 2-D ROI of 201Tl-SPECT found by the manually visualized method. Furthermore, we also proposed a novel index, the retention index using the heart (RIH), to differentiate high retention (slow clearance, increasing target to heart ratio) as a criterion for a malignant lesion, from low retention (faster clearance, small or no increase of the target to heart ratio) for benign lesions. Results: The CAD system can achieve a detection rate of 100% in automatically searching for thoracic lesions in 201Tl-SPECT. In diagnostic performance, the CAD system with the RIH of comparable 3-D objects has an area under the ROC curve of 0.86, higher than the 0.78 of the traditional RI method (p = 0.198). Conclusion: The CAD system of two-phase 201Tl-SPECT is a promising tool for detecting and diagnosing thoracic lesions with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.81.

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Ionova, Zh I., E. G. Sergeeva, and O. A. Berkovich. "Genetic and epigenetic factors regulating the expression and function of the vitamin D receptor in patients with coronary artery disease." Russian Journal of Cardiology 26 (April 22, 2021): 4251. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4251.

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. Using traditional risk factors for CAD, it is possible to predict the likelihood of acute coronary events in no more than 50% of cases. Therefore, the study of influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on the development of CAD is extremely important. Research in recent years has shown that vitamin D deficiency is a new risk factor for atherosclerosis and immune inflammation. Vitamin D implements protective effects against immune inflammation through receptors in the vascular wall. A single nucleotide polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is a potential risk factor for CAD associated with low vitamin D levels. VDR expression correlates with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is regulated by microRNAs — microRNA-125a-5p, microRNA-125b-5p, microRNA-214-3p and microRNA-21 These microRNAs regulate the action, synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D and can themselves be influenced by VDR signals through dynamic feedback, which can lead to destabilization of mRNA and inhibition of translation. This literature review highlights the effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism of the VDR gene and microRNA on the pathogenetic mechanisms of CAD.

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Zak, Iwona, Paweł Niemiec, Beata Sarecka, Anna Balcerzyk, Zbigniew Ciemniewski, Ewa Rudowska, and Stanisław Dylag. "Carrier-state of D allele in ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease, in contrast to the C677-->T transition in the MTHFR gene." Acta Biochimica Polonica 50, no. 2 (June 30, 2003): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2003_3705.

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Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), which plays an important role in blood pressure regulation, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) involved in homocysteine metabolism belong to a large group of polypeptides which may be potential risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). To assess whether polymorphisms of the genes encoding these peptides are associated with CAD in Silesian we conducted a study among 68 individuals suffering from CAD (including 52 cases after myocardial infarction), 51 subjects with positive family history of CAD and 111 controls. We analysed the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene using PCR amplification, and the C677-->T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene using PCR-RFLP analysis. We found that D allele frequency was significantly higher in CAD patients (61%) than in controls (43%) (P = 0.001, OR = 2.06). The D allele carriers (DD + ID genotypes) were more frequent in the CAD patients (85%) compared to control group (65%) (P = 0.003, OR = 3.14), whereas the familial CAD risk group shows the highest frequency of the ID genotype (57% vs 43% in controls). In contrast, the MTHFR polymorphism does not seem to be associated with the disease. Our data indicate that in Silesian CAD patients the disease is strongly associated with carrier-state of the ACE D allele, but not with the C677-->T transition in the MTHFR gene.

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Su, Shu-Fen, and Chung-Ping He. "Type D Personality, Social Support, and Depression Among Ethnic Chinese Coronary Artery Disease Patients Undergoing a Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Exploratory Study." Psychological Reports 122, no. 3 (May 30, 2018): 988–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118780428.

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This study investigated the relationships between Type D personality, depression, and social support among ethnic Chinese coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Type D personality is associated with CAD, and may increase patients’ depression and mortality rate. However, very few studies have explored the relationships between depression and social support among ethnic Chinese Type D CAD patients. A longitudinal, repeated-measures design was used; 105 Taiwanese CAD patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention were recruited between January and December 2015. A demographic questionnaire, Type D Scale, ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were completed by 102 participants (mean age = 64.42, SD = 13.67 years) at hospitalization, and at the second week and third month after discharge. Data were analyzed using t tests and a generalized estimating equation. Results indicated that 46.7% of participants who had Type D personality had lower social support and higher depression than did the remaining (non-Type D) participants. At two weeks after discharge, the improvement in social support was higher among Type D patients than non-Type D participants; the same was true for depression at two weeks and three months after discharge each. Type D Taiwanese CAD patients showed lower perceived social support and higher depression during hospitalization than did non-Type D participants. Furthermore, the more social support patients received at home, the lower was their depression. Health-care providers should provide continuous mental health care, conduct early screening of mental health issues, and ensure that patients receive sufficient social support to reduce depression.

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Hossein-Nezhad, Arash, Seyede Mahdieh Eshaghi, Zhila Maghbooli, Khadijeh Mirzaei, Mahmood Shirzad, Bryon Curletto, and Tai C. Chen. "The Role of Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes on the Degree of Collateralization in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/304250.

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We determined the association of vitamin D deficiency and the FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in 760 patients who underwent angiography due to suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Angiography and the Rentrop scoring system were used to classify the severity of CAD in each patient and to grade the extent of collateral development, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine the FokI VDR gene polymorphism. The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL) was significantly higher in patients with at least one stenotic coronary artery compared to those without any stenotic coronary arteries. Severe vitamin D deficiency was not independently associated with collateralization, but it was significantly associated with the VDR genotypes. In turn, VDR genotype was independently associated with the degree of collateralization; the Rentrop scores were the highest in FF, intermediate in Ff, and the lowest in the ff genotype. The results show that FokI polymorphism is independently associated with collateralization. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in patients with CAD that may result from FokI polymorphism. Therefore, maintaining a normal vitamin D status should be a high priority for patients with CAD.

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Kim, Chul-Hoon, In-Kyoung Noh, Jung Mi Ryu, Eun Jung Bae, Hoo Jeung Cho, and Myoung Soo Kim. "Canonical Correlation between Behavioral-Psychological Variables and Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease Prognosis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051608.

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) are considered predictors of CAD prognosis. Unhealthy lifestyles and type-D personality are associated with MetS and are potential causes of primary and secondary CAD. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between behavioral-psychological variables and predictors of CAD prognosis. The behavioral-psychological variable set contained six lifestyle categories and two type-D personality categories. Descriptive analyses, t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation, and canonical correlation were used. The behavioral-psychological variable set was related to the predictor set for CAD prognosis, with a significant canonical variate of 0.67 (45% overlapping variance). Significant pairs of canonical variates indicated that poor physical activity and weight control (−0.77), poor dietary habits (−0.78), alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking (−0.37), lack of sleep and rest (−0.40), stress (−0.64) in the lifestyle set, higher negative affectivity (0.52), and social inhibition (0.71) in the type-D personality set were associated with a high MetS score (0.59) and severity of CAD (0.91). A combination of behavioral and psychological variables was found to be important in predicting the prognosis of CAD; therefore, interventions aimed at preventing combinations of these variables may be effective in improving CAD prognosis.

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Tarighi, Shahriar, Mahdi Najafi, Arash Hossein-Nezhad, Hamid Ghaedi, Reza Meshkani, Nariman Moradi, Reza Fadaei, Faranak Kazerouni, and Mehrnoosh Shanaki. "Association Between Two Common Polymorphisms of Vitamin D Binding Protein and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: a Case-Control Study." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 36, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jomb-2017-0015.

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Summary Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the most widespread non-communicable diseases. Vitamin Dbinding protein (VDBP) and its genetic poly morphisms have been highlighted as the susceptible components for CAD. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of VDBP single nucleotide poly morphisms (SNPs) - rs7041 and rs4588 - with CAD susceptibility among the Iranian population. Methods: A total of 143 men with CAD and 145 healthy age-sex matched controls underwent genotyping for the - rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Serum level of 25(OH)D was assayed using microplate colorimetric enzyme immunoassay. Results: We found a significant association between GG genotype (rs7041) and CAD (p=0.02, OR=0.537 95% CI =0.306-0.944). Regarding rs4588 polymorphism, a significant difference was observed in which the CA genotype (p=0.00032, OR=2.578, 95% CI=1.579-4.208) and allele A (P=0.028, OR=1.491, 95% CI=1.043-2.132) were significantly higher in CAD patients compared to controls. In spite of lower serum levels of 25(OH)D in CAD patients, we found no significant association between these SNPs and Vitamin D serum concentrations. Conclusion: We concluded that VDBP polymorphisms affect the susceptibility to CAD in Iranian men. Therefore, further studies are required to clarify the association of VDBP phenotypes and its serum levels with CAD.

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Breitkreutz, Iris, Axel Benner, Friedrich W. Cremer, Doris Herrmann, Anthony D. Ho, and Hartmut Goldschmidt. "No Influence of Previous Thalidomide Administration on Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection in Patients with Multiple Myeloma." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 4902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4902.4902.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES: In a joint study of the GMMG and HOVON groups, induction therapy with Thalidomide (Thal), doxorubicin and dexamethasone (TAD) is currently investigated in comparison with vincristin, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (VAD) followed by mobilisation therapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (CAD) and peripheral blood stem cell collection (PBSC). Munshi et al. (Blood 1999, Abstract #2577) described a dampening of PBSC-mobilisation by Thal treatment. We therefore investigated a possible influence of PBSC after previous Thal administration. METHODS: Altogether, data on 112 patients were analyzed in terms of PBSC-mobilisation. 56 patients were randomized up-front to receive 3 cycles of TAD (Thal 400mg/d orally; doxorubicin 9mg/m2/d, 4 30-min. infusions, day 1–4; dexamethasone 480mg total dose orally). 56 patients received VAD (vincristin 0,4mg/d and doxorubicin 9mg/m2/d, 4 30-min. infusions, day 1–4.; dexamethasone 480mg total dose orally) followed by mobilisation with CAD (cyclophosphamide 1g/m2/d, 1h infusion, day 1; doxorubicin 15mg/m2/d, 4 short infusions, day 1–4; dexamethasone 160mg total dose orally) and G-CSF (Neupogen 600mg/d s.c. or Granocyte 526mg/d s.c., day 5 after the end of chemotherapy until PBSC). Thal was stopped two weeks before CAD. Low dose heparine was administered to prevent deep venous thromboses in the TAD group. RESULTS: The median time was 14 days after the first day of CAD until PBSC in patients in both the TAD (range 12–18 days) and VAD group (range 10–19 days). In the first leukapheresis, a median total PBSC yield of 8,1x106/kg CD34+ cells in the TAD/CAD (range 0,3–34x106 CD34+ cells) and 8,7x106/kg CD34+ cells in the VAD/CAD (range 0,5–30x106 CD34+ cells) group could be harvested (p=0.31). In the best leukapheresis, a median total PBSC yield of 8,1x106/kg CD34+ cells in the TAD/CAD (range 0,7–34x106 CD34+ cells) and 8,9x106/kg CD34+ cells in the VAD/CAD (range 2–30x106 CD34+ cells) group could be reached (p=0.24). CONCLUSIONS: No difference was found in stem cell collection and yield after TAD versus VAD. Thalidomide as a part of induction therapy does not seem to have an influence of the peripheral blood stem cell collection of patients with multiple myeloma.

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Zhu, Kun, Amanda Devine, Ian M. Dick, Scott G. Wilson, and Richard L. Prince. "Effects of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Hip Bone Mineral Density and Calcium-Related Analytes in Elderly Ambulatory Australian Women: A Five-Year Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 93, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1466.

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Abstract Context: Effects of long-term calcium, with or without vitamin D, on hip bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in sunny climates have not been reported. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D added to calcium supplementation on hip dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry BMD and calcium-related analytes. Design, Setting, and Participants: The study was a 5-yr randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of 120 community-dwelling women aged 70–80 yr. Interventions: The interventions were 1200 mg/d calcium with placebo vitamin D (Ca group) or with 1000 IU/d vitamin D2 (CaD group), or double placebo (control). Main Outcome Measures: Hip BMD, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, biomarkers of bone turnover, PTH, and intestinal calcium absorption were measured. Results: Hip BMD was preserved in CaD (−0.17%) and Ca (0.19%) groups but not controls (−1.27%) at yr 1 and maintained in the CaD group only at yr 3 and 5. The beneficial effects were mainly in those with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below the median (68 nmol/liter). At yr 1, compared with controls, the Ca and CaD groups had 6.8 and 11.3% lower plasma alkaline phosphatase, respectively (P ≤ 0.02), and 28.7 and 34.5% lower urinary deoxypyridinoline to creatinine ratio, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). At 5 yr, this suppression was maintained only in the CaD group. CaD reduced PTH at 3 and 5 yr cf. controls (27.8 and 31.3%, P ≤ 0.005) in those with baseline PTH levels above the median (3.6 pmol/liter). Therapy did not affect intestinal calcium absorption at high carrier loads. Conclusions: Addition of vitamin D to calcium has long-term beneficial effects on bone density in elderly women living in a sunny climate, probably mediated by a long-term reduction in bone turnover rate.

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Jacobson, L. A., L. Jen-Jacobson, J. M. Hawdon, G. P. Owens, M. A. Bolanowski, S. W. Emmons, M. V. Shah, R. A. Pollock, and D. S. Conklin. "Identification of a putative structural gene for cathepsin D in Caenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/119.2.355.

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Abstract Mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans having about 10% of wild-type activity of the aspartyl protease cathepsin D have been isolated by screening. Mutant homozygotes have normal growth rates and no obvious morphological or developmental abnormalities. The mutant gene (cad-1) has been mapped to the right extremity of linkage group II. Heterozygous animals (cad-1/+) show intermediate enzyme levels and animals heterozygous for chromosomal deficiencies of the right extremity of linkage group II have 50% of wild-type activity. Cathepsin D purified from a mutant strain has a lower activity per unit mass of pure enzyme. These data suggest that cad-1 is a structural gene for cathepsin D.

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HAYASHI, Toyohiko, Yasuo NAKAMURA, Tomoaki MARUYAMA, and Kazumasa KATOH. "A SMOOTH PARTIAL-METAMORPHOSIS TECHNIQUE FOR DENTAL 3-D CAD." Biomechanisms 17 (2004): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3951/biomechanisms.17.159.

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Xi, F., and C. Shu. "CAD-based path planning for 3-D line laser scanning." Computer-Aided Design 31, no. 7 (June 1999): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4485(99)00044-5.

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Ivanov, Andre. "Advances in 3-D Integrated Circuits, Systems, and CAD Tools." IEEE Design & Test 32, no. 4 (August 2015): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdat.2015.2442339.

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Hwang, Sam-Chung, Soon-Ki Jung, and Hyun-Seung Yang. "Efficient 3-D object representation and recognition based on CAD." Pattern Recognition Letters 14, no. 8 (August 1993): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(93)90054-h.

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Rödl, R. H. "68. Plastik- oder 3-D-CAD-Modell für die Rohrleitungsplanung?" Chemie Ingenieur Technik 68, no. 9 (September 1996): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330680970.

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Ibach, Alexander. "Adaption von 3-D-CAD- Modellen durch Maschinen- und Prozessdaten." maschinenbau 1, no. 3 (June 2021): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44029-021-0045-9.

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Pasynkov, D. V., I. A. Egoshin, A. A. Kolchev, I. V. Kliouchkin, and O. V. Busygina. "Diagnostic Value of 1st and 2nd Generation Computer Aided Detection Systems for Mammography: a Comparative Assessment." Medical Visualization, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2017-1-90-102.

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Aim: to compare the diagnostic efficacy of generation I and II computer aided detection (CAD) systems for mammography of our own design using the large set of unselect ed mammography images obtained in a routine clinical practice settings. Material and methods. Both CADs were tested on the set of 1532 mammography images of 356 women with confirmed breast cancer (BC). We assessed their value in the detection of suspicious areas with various characteristics located on the different density background. Size of BC lesions varied from 4 to 35 mm (mean – 13,4 ± 6,3 mm). We excluded BC representing only with microcalcification clusters from this analysis, because this task is solved using the separate universal module compatible with both CADs.Results. For I and II generation CADs we obtained the following results: detection of small nodular BCs (≤10 mm) – 41 of 52 (78.85%) and 48 of 52 (92.31%; p > 0.05), respectively; detection of BCs visible as asymmetric areas – 18 of 18 (100%) and 13 of 18 (72.2%; p > 0.05), respectively; detection of only partially visible masses – 15 of 18 (83.3%) and 17 of 18 (94.4%; p > 0.05); detection of lesions poorly visible or invisible on standard mammography images due to the high density background (C-D types according to the ACR 2013 classification) – 9 of 16 (56.3%) and 7 of 16 (70.0%; p = 0.046). Total detection rate was 88.76% (316 of 356 cases) – for CAD I and 90.73% (323 of 356 cases; р > 0.05) – for CAD II. Mean false positive marks rate was 1.8 and 1.3 per image, respectively, – for ACR А-В images and 2.6 and 1.8 per image, respectively – for ACR C-D images (p < 0.05).Conclusion. Generally the diagnostic value of CAD II is not inferior that of CAD I in all analyzed situations, except the poorly visible or invisible lesions on the dense breast background. Moreover, CAD II is probably superior CAD I in the detection of spiculated small masses. The rate of false positive marks was significantly higher for CAD I.

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Hakimizadeh, Elham, Mohammad Zamanian, Lydia Giménez-Llort, Clara Sciorati, Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh, Małgorzata Kujawska, Ayat Kaeidi, Jalal Hassanshahi, and Iman Fatemi. "Calcium Dobesilate Reverses Cognitive Deficits and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in the D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mouse Model through Modulation of Oxidative Stress." Antioxidants 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050649.

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The long-term treatment of mice with D-galactose (D-gal) induces the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is a well-accepted experimental model of oxidative stress-linked cognitive disorders in physiological aging. Calcium dobesilate (CaD, Doxium®) is an established vasoactive and angioprotective drug commonly used for the clinical treatment of diabetic retinopathy and chronic venous insufficiency. It has antioxidant properties and controls vascular permeability. In the current study, we evaluated the protective effects of CaD (50 and 100 mg/kg/day p.o.) in male mice treated with D-gal (500 mg/kg/day p.o.) for six weeks. Results demonstrated that body weight loss, anxiety-like and cognitive impairments of D-gal-treated animals were reversed by CaD administration as evaluated by the measurement of mice performance in elevated plus-maze, Y-maze, and shuttle box tests. CaD treatment also inhibited the oxidative stress in aging mouse brains by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities. These results could open new perspectives for the clinical use of CaD in treating and preventing cognitive impairment in older people.

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Kung, Woon-Man, I.-Shiang Tzeng, and Muh-Shi Lin. "Three-Dimensional CAD in Skull Reconstruction: A Narrative Review with Focus on Cranioplasty and Its Potential Relevance to Brain Sciences." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 7, 2020): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051847.

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In patients suffering from severe traumatic brain injury and massive stroke (hemorrhagic or ischemic), decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical strategy used to reduce intracranial pressure, and to prevent brainstem compromise from subsequent brain edema. In surviving patients, cranioplasty surgery helps to protect brain tissue, and correct the external deformity. The aesthetic outcome of cranioplasty using an asymmetrical implant can negatively influence patients physically and mentally, especially young patients. Advancements in the development of biomaterials have now made three-dimensional (3-D) computer-assisted design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated implants an optimal choice for the repair of skull defects following DC. Here, we summarize the various materials for cranioplasty, including xenogeneic, autogenous, and alloplastic grafts. The processing procedures of the CAD/CAM technique are briefly outlined, and reflected our experiences to reconstruct skull CAD models using commercial software, published previously, to assess aesthetic outcomes of regular 3-D CAD models without contouring elevation or depression. The establishment of a 3-D CAD model ensures a possibility for better aesthetic outcomes of CAM-derived alloplastic implants. Finally, clinical consideration of the CAD algorithms for adjusting contours and their potential application in prospective healthcare are briefly outlined.

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Nowrouzi-Sohrabi, Peyman, Mehdi Kalani, Peyman Izadpanah, Hassan Ahmadvand, Masoumeh Fakhour, Reza Fadaei, Meghdad Khorshidifar, and Atefeh Seghatoleslam. "Vitamin D status influences cytokine production and MALAT1 expression from the PBMCs of patients with coronary artery disease and healthy controls." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 12 (December 2020): 1712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.12.1712.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (lncRNA MALAT1) expression and its role in cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-CAD participants (NCAD). METHODS: Blood samples were taken from 15 patients with CAD and 15 NCAD individuals. The plasma was used for biochemical analyses. MALAT1 and CD36 expressions were evaluated in the isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by real-time PCR. Furthermore, the levels of inflammatory cytokines e.g. interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-22 were measured in the supernatants of the cultured PBMCs by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The levels of MALAT1 and CD36 were not significantly different between the CAD and NCAD groups. However, a lower level of MALAT1 and CD36 was observed in PBMCs of vitamin D deficient (<15 ng/ml) CAD and NCAD participants. Furthermore, the vitamin D deficient (<15 ng/ml) group showed a significantly higher plasma level of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-22 compared to the non-deficient (≥15 ng/ml) group. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between CD36, IL-22, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) with MALAT1. CONCLUSION: Given that in vitamin D deficient individuals a decreased level of MALAT1 was associated with CD36 expression and increased IL-22 production, vitamin D supplementation may play a role in reducing MALAT1/CD36/IL-22 mediated complications such as T2DM and CAD, especially in vitamin D deficiency.

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Akhtar, Tauseef, Ramesh Aggarwal, and Sachin Kumar Jain. "Serum Vitamin D Level in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Association with Sun Exposure: Experience from a Tertiary Care, Teaching Hospital in India." Advances in Medicine 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6823417.

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Background. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has various extraskeletal effects, and several human and animal studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency may be a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, such studies in the Indian subcontinent are either lacking or have shown conflicting results. Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 121 patients with CAD from a tertiary care center and their 80 age-matched healthy controls. Serum vitamin D levels along with serum and urine chemistries were measured in both the groups. The average duration of sun exposure/day and use of sunscreen were also considered in the study cohort using a questionnaire. Serum vitamin D levels were categorized into deficient (<30 nmol/lit), insufficient (30–75 nmol/lit), and sufficient (>75 nmol/lit) groups. Results. Among the cases, 51.2% of the patients were vitamin D deficient and 44.6% patients had insufficient vitamin D levels, whereas among controls, 40% and 31% of the population had deficient and insufficient levels of vitamin D, respectively. However, the mean value of the serum vitamin D level was not statistically different in the cases as compared to that of the controls (34.06 vs 40.19 nmol/lit) (P=0.08). Corrected serum calcium (9.26 vs 9.59 mg%) (P≤0.0001) and serum albumin levels (4.21 vs 4.75 gm%) (P≤0.0001) were lower in the cases than those of the controls. The average sun exposure/day was higher among the cases than that among the controls (2.93 vs 1.85 hours) (P=0.001). Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in Indian population despite abundant sunshine, and the duration of sun exposure is not correlated with serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency is not associated with CAD. However, serum calcium is deficient in CAD patients as compared to the controls. Large-scale studies are required to explore the association further to evaluate the benefits of screening and correction of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CAD.

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Legarth, Christian, Daniela Grimm, Marcus Krüger, Manfred Infanger, and Markus Wehland. "Potential Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D in Coronary Artery Disease." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010099.

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Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in bone homeostasis and calcium metabolism. However, recent research has indicated additional beneficial effects of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. This review aims to elucidate if vitamin D can be used as an add-on treatment in coronary artery disease (CAD). Large-scale epidemiological studies have found a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels and the prevalence of essential hypertension. Likewise, epidemiological data have suggested plasma levels of vitamin D to be inversely correlated to cardiac injury after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Remarkably, in vitro trials have showed that vitamin D can actively suppress the intracellular NF-κB pathway to decrease CAD progression. This is suggested as a mechanistic link to explain how vitamin D may decrease vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. A review of randomized controlled trials with vitamin D supplementation showed ambiguous results. This may partly be explained by heterogeneous study groups. It is suggested that subgroups of diabetic patients may benefit more from vitamin D supplementation. Moreover, some studies have indicated that calcitriol rather than cholecalciferol exerts more potent beneficial effects on atherosclerosis and CAD. Therefore, further studies are required to clarify these assumptions.

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Gao, Hang, K. Zhao, and Y. Lu. "Development of 3-D Parameterized Design System for Involute Gear Parts." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.230.

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Taking the three-dimensional CAD software Solidworks as developing platform and with the help of its powerful OLE technical support offered, the mathematical model of involute curved surface of bevel gear is established and the 3-D parameterized design and analyzing system for involute gear parts is developed in the paper. By inputting necessary variables on the interface of the gear design system an accurate 3-D parameterized geometric entity of involute gear can be automatically created. In the design system a kind of method called template technique is developed to realize the conversion of a gear part from 3-D geometric entity to corresponding 2-D standard engineering drawing and the marking of necessary design technical requests and parameters on the engineering drawing automatically, which offsets the lack that current three-dimensional CAD software can not automatically create standard two-dimensional CAD engineering drawing. Also the gear strength checkout program module is developed which is helpful to greatly improve design efficiency of involute gear parts.

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Journal articles on the topic 'D/CAD'

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