Academic literature on the topic 'D. lgs. 101/2014'

Based on the data of daily maximum temperature in 26 meteorological stations in the North Center Region, Vietnam over the period of 1980 to 2013, the authors conducted the research on the spatial distribution of the number of hot days. The initial result shows that in general, in the north of the study area, the large number of hot days occurred in the plain, and tended to decrease westward and eastward. In the south, this number tends to increase from the west to the east. Especially, the largest number occurred in two areas: The Ma and Ca River's valleys (Thanh Hoa and Nghe An provinces) and the coastal areas (Thua Thien Hue province), creating two heat centers in Tuong Duong district, Nghe An province and Nam Dong district, Thua Thien Hue province.ReferencesAdina-Eliza Croitoru, Adrian Piticar, Antoniu-Flavius Ciupertea, Cristina FlorinaRosca, 2016 Changes in heat wave indices in Romania over the period 1961-2015. Global and Plantary Change 146. Journal homepage: www. Elsevier.com/locate/gloplacha.Chu Thi Thu Huong et al., 2010. Variations and trends in hot event in Vietnam from 1961-2007, VNU Journal of Science and Technology, 26(3S).Climate Council, 2014a. Angry Summer 2013/2014. Accessed at http://www.climatecouncil.org.au/ angry-summer.Climate Council, 2014b. Angry Summer 2013/2014. Accessed at http://www.climatecouncil.org.au/ angry-summer.CSIRO and BoM, 2012. State of the Climate 2012.CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne.Accessed at http://www.csiro.au/Outcomes/ Climate/Understanding/State-of-the-Climate-2012.aspx.D'Ippoliti D., Michelozzi P., Marino C., De'Donato F., Menne B., Katsouyanni K., Kirchmayer U., Analitis A., Medina-Ramon M., Paldy A., Atkinson R., Kovats S., Bisanti L., Schneider A., Lefranc A., Iñiguez C., Perucci C., 2010. The impact of heat waves on mortality in 9 European cities: results from the EuroHEAT project. Environ. Health 9, 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-9-37.Gerald A. Meehl, 1992. Effect of tropical topography on global climate, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 20, 85-112.Hayhoe K., Cayan D., Field C.B., Frumhoff P.C., Maurer E.P., Miller N.L., Moser S.C., Schneider S.H., Cahill K.N., Cleland E.E., Dale L., Drapek R., Hanemann R.M., lkstein L.S., Lenihan J., Lunch C.K., Neilson R.P., Sheridan S.C., Verville J.H., 2004. Emissions pathways, climate change, and impacts on California. PNAS, 101(34), 12422-12427.Ho Thi Minh Ha, Phan Van Tan, 2009. Trends and variations of extreme temperature in Vietnam in the period from 1961 to 2007, VNU Journal of Science and Technology, 25(3S).IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri R.K and Reisinger A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 104p.IPCC, 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151p.Liu G., Zhang L., He B., Jin X., Zhang Q., Razafindrabe B., You H., 2015. Temporal changes in extreme high temperature, heat waves and relevant disasters in Nanjing metropolitan region, China. Nat. Hazards, 76, 1415–1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1556-y.Manton M.J et al., 2001. Trends in extreme daily temperature in Southeast Asia Rainfall ad and the South Pacific, J. Climatol. 21.Nairn J.R., Fawcett R.J.B., 2015. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 12, 227–253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120100227.Nguyen Duc Ngu, 2009. Climate Change Challenges to development, Journal of Economy and Environment, No. 1.Perkins S.E., Alexander L.V., 2013. On the measurement of heat waves. J. Clim. 26, 4500–4517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00383.1.Peterson T.C., Heim Jr. R.R., Hirsch R., Kaiser D.P., Brooks H., Diffenbaugh N.S., Dole R.M., Giovannettone J.P., Guirguis K., Karl T.R., Katz R.W., Kunkel K., Lettenmaier D., McCabe G.J., Paciorek C.J., Ryberg K.R., Schubert S., Silva V.B.S., Stewart B.C., Vecchia A.V., Villarini G., Vose R.S., Walsh J., Wehner M., Wolock D., Wolter K., Woodhouse C.A., Wuebbles D., 2013. Monitoring and understanding changes in heat waves, cold waves, floods, and droughts in the United States: state of knowledge. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 821–834.Pham Thi Ly, Hoang Luu Thu Thuy, 2015. Variation of heat waves in the North Central Region over the period of 1980-2013, Journal of natural resources and environment, 9, 81-89.Phan Van Tan et al., 2010. Study impact of global climate change on extreme weather phenomena and factors in Vietnam, prediction and adaptation strategies. Project final report, KC 08.29/06-10, Hanoi University of Science.Spinoni J., Lakatos M., Szentimrey T., Bihari Z., Szalai S., Vogt J., Antofie T., 2015. Heat and cold waves trends in Carpathian Region from 1961 to 2010. Int. J. Climatol, 35, 4197–4209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4279.Toreti A., Desiato F., 2008.Temperature trends over Italy from 1961 to 2004, Theor. Appl. Climatol 91.Tran Cong Minh, 2007. Principle of meteorology and climate, Book, Public House of Hanoi National University.Tran Quang Duc, Trinh Lan Phuong, 2013. Changes of Hot day and Fohn Activities at Ha Tinh- Central Vietnam, VNU Journal of Science, Science and Technology, 29(2S).Trewin B., Smalley R., 2013.Changes in extreme temperature in Australia, 1910 to 2011. In: 19th AMOS National Conference, Melbourne, 11-13.Unal Y.S., Tan E., Mentes S.S., 2013. Summer heat waves over western Turkey between 1965 and 2006.Theor. Appl. Climatol, 112, 339–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0704-0.Will Steffen, 2015. Quantifying the impact of climate change on extreme heat in Australia. Published by the Climate Council of Australia Limited. ISBN: 978-0-9942453-1-1 (print) 978-0-9942453-0-4 (web).

The world of finance is immersed in multiple controversies, laden with contradictions and uncertainties typical of a social ecosystem, generating dynamic changes that lead to significant transformations, where the thematic discussion of Big Data becomes crucial for real-time logical decision-making. In this field of knowledge is located this article, which reports as a general objective to explore the strengths, weaknesses and future trends of Big Data in the financial sector, using as a methodology for exploration a scientific approach with the bibliographic tools scopus and scielo, using as a search equation the Big Data, delimited to the financial sector. The findings showed the growing importance of gaining knowledge from the huge amount of financial data generated daily globally, developing predictive capacity towards creating scenarios inclined to find solutions and make timely decisions. Keywords: Big Data, financial sector, decision-making. References [1]D. Reinsel, J. Gantz y J. Rydning, «Data Age 2025: The Evolution of Data to Life-Critical,» IDC White Pape, 2017. [2]R. Barranco Fragoso, «Que es big data IBM Developer works,» 18 Junio 2012. [Online]. Available: https://developer.ibm.com/es/articles/que-es-big-data/. [3]IBM, «IBM What is big data? - Bringing big data to the enterprise,» 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.ibm.com/big-data/us/en/. [4]IDC, «Resumen Ejecutivo -Big Data: Un mercado emergente.,» Junio 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.diarioabierto.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Resumen-Ejecutivo-IDC-Big-Data.pdf. [5]Factor humano Formación, «Factor humano formación escuela internacional de postgrado.,» 2014. [Online]. Available: http//factorhumanoformación.com/big-data-ii/. [6]J. Luna, «Las tecnologías Big Data,» 23 Mayo 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.teldat.com/blog/es/procesado-de-big-data-base-de-datos-de-big-data-clusters-nosql-mapreduce/#:~:text=Tecnolog%C3%ADas%20de%20procesamiento%20Big%20Data&text=De%20este%20modo%20es%20posible,las%20necesidades%20de%20procesado%20disminuyan. [7]T.A.S Foundation, "Apache cassandra 2015", The apache cassandra project, 2015. [8]E. Dede, B. Sendir, P. Kuzlu, J. Hartog y M. Govindaraju, «"An Evaluation of Cassandra for Hadoop",» de 2013 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Cloud Computing, Santa Clara, CA, USA, 2013. [9]The Apache Software Foundation, «"Apache HBase",» 04 Agosto 2017. [Online]. Available: http://hbase.apache.org/. [10]G. Deka, «"A Survey of Cloud Database Systems",» IT Professional, vol. 16, nº 02, pp. 50-57, 2014. [11]P. Dueñas, «Introducción al sistema financiero y bancario,» Bogotá. Politécnico Grancolombiano, 2008. [12]V. Mesén Figueroa, «Contabilización de CONTRATOS de FUTUROS, OPCIONES, FORWARDS y SWAPS,» Tec Empresarial, vol. 4, nº 1, pp. 42-48, 2010. [13] A. Castillo, «Cripto educación es lo que se necesita para entender el mundo de la Cripto-Alfabetización,» Noticias Artech Digital , 04 Junio 2018. [Online].Available: https://www.artechdigital.net/cripto-educacion-cripto-alfabetizacion/. [14]Conceptodefinicion.de, «Definicion de Cienciometría,» 16 Diciembre 2020. [Online]. Available: https://conceptodefinicion.de/cienciometria/. [15]Elsevier, «Scopus The Largest database of peer-reviewed literature» https//www.elsevier.com/solutions/scopus., 2016. [16]J. Russell, «Obtención de indicadores bibliométricos a partir de la utilización de las herramientas tradicionales de información,» de Conferencia presentada en el Congreso Internacional de información-INFO 2004, La Habana, Cuba, 2004. [17]J. Durán, Industrialized and Ready for Digital Transformation?, Barcelona: IESE Business School, 2015. [18]P. Orellana, «Omnicanalidad,» 06 Julio 2020. [Online]. Available: https://economipedia.com/definiciones/omnicanalidad.html. [19]G. Electrics, «Innovation Barometer,» 2018. [20]D. Chicoma y F. Casafranca, Interviewees, Entrevista a Daniel Chicoma y Fernando Casafranca, docentes del PADE Internacional en Gerencia de Tecnologías de la Información en ESAN. [Entrevista]. 2018. [21]L.R. La república, «La importancia del mercadeo en la actualidad,» 21 Junio 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.larepublica.co/opinion/analistas/la-importancia-del-mercadeo-en-la-actualidad-2041232#:~:text=El%20mercadeo%20es%20cada%20d%C3%ADa,en%20los%20mercados%20(clientes). [22]UNED, «Acumulación de datos y Big data: Las preguntas correctas,» 10 Noviembre 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.masterbigdataonline.com/index.php/en-el-blog/150-el-big-data-y-las-preguntas-correctas. [23]J. García, Banca aburrida: el negocio bancario tras la crisis económica, Fundacion Funcas - economía y sociedad, 2015, pp. 101 - 150. [24]G. Cutipa, «Las 5 principales ventajas y desventajas de bases de datos relacionales y no relacionales: NoSQL vs SQL,» 20 Abril 2020. [Online]. Available: https://guidocutipa.blog.bo/principales-ventajas-desventajas-bases-de-datos-relacionales-no-relacionales-nosql-vs-sql/. [25]R. Martinez, «Jornadas Big Data ANALYTICS,»19 Septiembre 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.cfp.upv.es/formacion-permanente/curso/jornada-big-data-analytics_67010.html. [26]J. Rifkin, The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era, Putnam Publishing Group, 1995. [27]R. Conde del Pozo, «Los 5 desafíos a los que se enfrenta el Big Data,» 13 Agosto 2019. [Online]. Available: https://diarioti.com/los-5-desafios-a-los-que-se-enfrenta-el-big-data/110607.

Con el repaso de la normativa legal del género en el Ecuador, este trabajo muestra su estado actual y los avances desde una progresión teórica y práctica para construir un modelo de sociedad que tenga sus cimientos en la filosofía del buen vivir. A través de la metodología cualitativa, y del método documental se analizaron 13 instrumentos legales y 4 planes y proyectos estatales. Los resultados dan cuenta que a pesar de los importantes avances legislativos siguen existiendo falencias en materia de género en el país, pues en la práctica se requiere, por un lado, que el estado garantice el cumplimiento de la normativa, y que, por otro, que la sociedad en su conjunto la asuma responsablemente y lo haga posible. Palabras Clave: Normativa legal, sociedad, género, derechos de la mujer. Referencias [1]C. Valle, Atlas de Género, Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Estadísticas y Censos, 2018. [2]L. M. Martínez y T. Escapa, Guía de formación para la participación social y política de las mujeres: manual de la alumna, Extremadura: Instituto de la mujer, 2009. [3]J. Bluter, Gender trouble, feminist theory, and psychoanalytic discourse. Feminism/ post-modernism, California: Siglo XXI, 1990. [4]S. Castellví, “Estereotipos jurídicos y género: análisis conceptual, jurídico y político-moral del impacto de los estereotipos de género” M.S. thesis, Universidad de Barcelona, España, 2018. [5]S. Federici, Caliban y la Bruja. Editorial Traficante de Sueños, Madrid: Traficante de sueños, 2004. [6]B. Risman, «Gender as a social structure: Theory wrestling with activism,» Gerder & Society, vol. 18, nº4, pp. 429-450, 2004. [7]ONU, «Organización de Naciones Unidas,» 25 septiembre 2015. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/2015. [Último acceso: 18 agosto 2020]. [8]J. Scott, El género, una categoría útil para el análisis del, Oxford: Oxford Press, 1986. [9]R. Connell, Gender and power: Society, the person and sexual politics, John Wiley & Sons., 2013. [10]M. Foucault, Estrategias de poder, Argentina: Ediciones Paidós Ibericas S.A. Colección obras especiales, 1999. [11]P. Bourdieu, « El espacio social y la génesis de las" clases",» Sociología y cultura, vol. 7, nº 3, pp. 27-55,1989. [12]A. Goetschel, Orígenes del feminismo en el Ecuador, Quito: FLACSO, 2006. [13]H. Arendt, «Las perplejidades de los Derechos del Hombre,» Los orígenes del totalitarismo, Madrid, Alianza, 1987, pp. 412-427. [14]M. Lagarde, «La multidimensionalidad de la categoría género y del feminismo.,» de Metodología para los estudios de Género, México, UNAM, 1996, pp. 48-71. [15]E. Gudynas y A. Acosta, «El buen vivir más allá del desarrollo,» Revista Quehacer, nº 181, pp. 70-83, 2011. [16]Senplades, Plan Toda una vida. Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (2017-2021), Quito: Secretaría Técnica Planifica Ecuador, 2017. [17]A. Quijano, Colonialidad del poder y subjetividad en América Latina, Buenos Aires: Clacso, 2015. [18]Ministerio de Educación-Ecuador, «Educación para la democracia y el buen vivir,» Mineduc, S/F. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://educacion.gob.ec/que-es-elbuen-vivir/. [Último acceso: 18 noviembre 2020]. [19]M. Villagómez & R. Cuhna, « Buen vivir y educación para la práctica de la interculturalidad en el Ecuador. Otras prácticas pedagógicas necesarias,» Alteridad, vol. 9, nº 1, pp. 35-42, 2014. [20]Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, Constitución de la República de Ecuador, Montecristi, 2008. [21]B. Hoyos, Un Modelo para Investigación Documental: Guía teórico práctica sobre construcción de Estados del Arte con importantes reflexiones sobre investigación, Medellín: Librería Señal Editora, 2000. [22]A. Botero, «La metodología documental en la investigación jurídica: alcances y perspectivas,» Opinión jurídica, vol. 2, nº 4, pp. 109-116, 2003. [23]CEPAL, «Pactos para la igualdad,» CEPAL, Buenos Aires, 2016. [24]J. Lorber, «Gender inequality: Feminist theories and politics,» Roxburiy, Albany, 2001. [25]A. Vásconez, Mujeres y protección social en Ecuador, Quito: MIES, 2014. [26]N. Yuval-Davis, «Gender and Nation,» SAGE Journals, vol. 16, nº 4, pp. 621-632, 1997. [27]D. De Dios-Vallejo, «Equidad de género y embarazo., » Perinotalogía y reproducción humana., vol. 28, nº2, pp. 71-78, 2014. [28]Gobierno de Ecuador, Ley Contra la Violencia a la Mujer y la Familia-Ley 103, Quito, 1995. [29]Gobierno de Ecuador, Código de la Niñez y la Adolescencia. (97) publicado por la ley N°101, Quito, 2003. [30]Ministerio de Relaciones Laborales, Código del Trabajo, Quito, 2005. [31]Gobierno de Ecuador, Ley Orgánica del Consejo de Participación Ciudadana, Quito, 2009. [32]Gobierno de Ecuador, Ley Orgánica Electoral. Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia, Quito, 2009. [33]Gobierno de Ecuador, Ley Orgánica de la Función Legislativa, Quito, 2009. [34]Gobierno de Ecuador, Código Orgánico Organización Territorial Autonomía Descentralización, Quito, 2010. [35]Gobierno de Ecuador, Código Orgánico de Planificación y Finanzas Públicas, Quito,2010. [36] Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador, Ley Orgá-nica de Educación Intercultural, Quito, 2011. [37]Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador, Ley Orgánica de Comunicación, Quito, 2013. [38]Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador, Código Integral Penal, Quito, 2013. [39]Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador, Ley Orgánica para la Igualdad. Ley Orgánica de los Consejos Nacionales para la Igualdad, Quito, 2014. [40]Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador, Ley Orgánica Integral para Prevenir y Erradicar la Violencia Contra las Mujeres, Quito, 2018. [41]Ministerio de Justicia, Plan Nacional de Erradicación de la Violencia Intrafamiliar y de Género, hacia la Niñez, Adolescencia y Mujeres., Quito, 2007. [42]Ministerio de Inclusión, Plan Nacional de erradicación de Delitos Sexuales en el Ámbito Educativo, Quito, 2008. [43]Gobierno de Ecuador, Agenda Nacional de las Mujeres y la Igualdad de Género 2012-2017, Quito, 2012.

This study examines psycholinguistic structure of autobiographical and traumatic narratives representing positive emotional and stressful traumatic life events. The research applied the cross sectional, between subjects design utilizing the independent variables of external agent they, space and time and dependent variable of word number in traumatic narratives for multiple regression analysis. The approval letter to recruit the participants through SONA system in 2015–2016 academic year was obtained from Institutional Review Board of Oklahoma State University (USA). 64 undergraduates of nonclinical setting, females (n=37), males (n=27), mean age was 19.43 (SD=1.37) were recruited. PTSD-8: A Short PTSD Inventory assesses PTSD, the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) analyzes traumatic and autobiographical narratives in terms of linguistic units and psychological meaningful categories. The results indicate that there are significant differences between pronoun they as external agent of proposition and psychological categories of negative emotions and anxiety in traumatic and autobiographical narratives. The frequency of these categories is higher in traumatic narratives compared with autobiographical narratives. External agent they, category of time and space taken together significantly contribute to word number in traumatic narrative. There is a negative correlation between focus on the past and word count, and positive correlation between social category and word count in traumatic narrative in nonclinical sample. To sum up, propositional structure of traumatic memory of individuals without PTSD is represented by external agent and context (place and time) taken together. Considering time as a significant negative predictor of creating traumatic narrative, temporal processing without overestimation of time is an important factor of avoiding PTSD. The principal theoretical implication of this study is that traumatic memory might be examined through psycholinguistic markers represented by propositional structures and psychological meaningful categories of traumatic narratives in individuals from nonclinical and clinical settings. References Anderson, J., Bower, G. D. (1974). A propositional model of recognition memory. Memory and Cognition, 2(3), 406-412. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Journal of Psychiatry (p. 991). doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.744053 Bauer, P.J. (2015). A complementary process account of the development of childhood amnesia and a personal past complementary process. Psychological Review, 122(2), 204-231. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038939. Berntsen, D. (2009). Involuntary Autobiographical Memories: An Introduction to the Unbidden Past. Cambridge: Cambridge University press. Berntsen, D., Rubin, D.C. (2002). Cultural life scripts structure recall from autobiographical memory. Memory and Cognition, 32(3), 427-442. doi: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195836. Berntsen, D., Rubin, D.C., & Siegler, I.C. (2011). Two versions of life: emotionally negative and positive life events have different roles in the organization of life story and identity. Emotion, 11(15),1190-201. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024940. Bietti, L. (2014). Discursive Remembering (Media and Cultural Memory). Paris: Telecom Paris Tech. Brewin, C.R. (2007). Autobiographical memory for trauma: Update on four controversies. Memory, 15(3), 227-248. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210701256423. Byrne, C. A., Hyman Jr, I. E., & Scott, K. L. (2001). Comparisons of memories for traumatic events and other experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology: The Official Journal of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 15(7), S119-S133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.837. Cohen, J. A., Mannarino A. P., Deblinger, E. (2006). Treating Trauma and Traumatic Grief in Children and Adolescents. N.Y.: Guilford Publication Inc. Fivush R., Habermas T., Waters T. E.A., Zaman W. (2011). The making of autobiographical memory: intersections of culture, narratives and identity. International Journal of Psychology, 46(5), 321-345. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2011.596541. Gunsch, M. A., Brownlow, S., Haynes, S. E., & Mabe, Z. (2000). Differential forms linguistic content of various of political advertising. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(1), 27-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4401_3. Hague, S. and Conway, M. A. (2001). Sampling the process of autobiographical memory construction. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 13, 529-547. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440125757. Hansen M, Andersen T., Armour C. Elklit A, Palic S., Mackrill T. (2010) PTSD-8: A Short PTSD Inventory. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 6, 101-108. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901006010101. Jensen, T. K., Holt, T., Ormhaug, S. M., Egeland, K., Granly, L., Hoaas, L. C., ... & Wentzel-Larsen, T. (2014). A randomized effectiveness study comparing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy with therapy as usual for youth. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 43(3), 356-369. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F15374416.2013.822307 Kubany, E. S., Leisen, M. B., Kaplan, A. S., Watson, S. B., Haynes, S. N., Owens, J. A., & Burns, K. (2000). Development and preliminary validation of a brief broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure: the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. 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Introduction Cette étude a pour objet de décrire, à l’aide de données administratives canadiennes, les tendances et les caractéristiques des blessures auto-infligées entre 1979 et 2014-2015, afin d’orienter et d’améliorer les mesures de prévention du suicide. Méthodologie Les données sur la mortalité par suicide et sur les congés des patients ont été extraites des fonds de données de l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada (ASPC) provenant de la Base canadienne de données sur l’état civil – Décès (BCDEC-D) de Statistique Canada (1979 à 2012), du Système canadien d’information socioéconomique (CANSIM 2011, 2012), de la Base de données sur la morbidité hospitalière (BDMH, 1994- 1995 à 2010-2011) et de la Base de données sur les congés des patients (BDCP, 2011-2012 à 2014-2015). Le nombre de cas et les taux de décès et d’hospitalisation ont été répartis par sexe, tranche d’âge de 5 ans et méthode. Résultats Le taux de suicide au Canada (hommes et femmes confondus, tous âges, et taux normalisé selon l’âge et le sexe) a diminué, passant de 14,4/100 000 (n = 3 355) en 1979 à 10,4/100 000 (n = 3 926) en 2012, soit une variation annuelle en pourcentage (VAP) de –1,2 % (IC à 95 % : –1,3 à –1,0). Cependant, cette tendance n’a pas été observée chez les deux sexes : chez les femmes, les taux de suicide se sont stabilisés vers les années 1990, tandis que chez les hommes, ils ont continué de décliner au fil du temps – malgré le fait que les suicides chez les hommes constituent toujours 75,7 % de tous les suicides en 2012. La suffocation (pendaison et strangulation) était en 2012 la principale méthode de suicide (46,9 %) chez les Canadiens de tous âges, suivie de l’intoxication (23,3 %). Au cours de l’exercice 2014-2015, il y a eu 13 438 hospitalisations au Canada (à l’exclusion du Québec) associées à des blessures auto-infligées – ce qui représente plus de trois fois le nombre de suicides. Au fil du temps, les femmes ont systématiquement présenté des taux d’hospitalisation plus élevés pour des blessures auto-infligées que les hommes, soit 63 % du total. L’intoxication a été la méthode la plus fréquemment déclarée de préjudice autoinfligé au cours de l’exercice 2014-2015, constituant 86 % de toutes les hospitalisations. Conclusion Les suicides et les blessures auto-infligées demeurent un problème de santé publique grave – mais évitable – qui exige une surveillance constante.

El nematodo agallador de la raíz (NAR; Meloidogyne spp. o RKN, por sus siglas en inglés), es un fitopatógeno importante del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) que causa pérdidas en el rendimiento de sus cultivares. Las condiciones climáticas afectan la incidencia del NAR; sin embargo, se conoce poco del efecto del clima subtropical en los nematodos epidémicos que afectan al tomate invernal en China. Para estudiar la dinámica de poblaciones de los NAR en la rizósfera del cultivo de tomate invernal, y para analizar la relación entre tomates injertados y no injertados y sus rendimientos, se realizaron experimentos de campo en las localidades de Shuangqiao y Taiping en la provincia china de Guangxi entre 2014 y 2016. Los campos experimentales de tomates de siembra temprana y tardía se ubicaron en Shuangqiao y Taiping, respectivamente. El ANDEVA y la prueba de comparación de medias (Tukey; p≤0.05) se efectuaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS, v. 19.0. Los resultados mostraron que los NAR (Meloidogyne incognita) formaron tres generaciones en tomate de siembra temprana y tardía. En tomate temprano, a los 0-31, 32-113, y 114-155 días después del trasplante (DDT), las cuales requirieron 31, 81 y 28-42 d, respectivamente. Durante la temporada de cultivo de tomate de siembra tardía, hubo tres generaciones a los 0-60, 47-101 y 88-157 DDT; los nematodos requirieron 46-60, 40 y 55 d para completar cada generación. Algunos nematicidas se aplicaron para suprimir a las poblaciones juveniles de segunda generación (J2) en los campos en los cuales las poblaciones J2 alcanzaron niveles máximos. El rendimiento del tomate injertado fue mayor (p≤0.05) que el del tomate no injertado. Este resultado indica que la tolerancia al NAR en portainjertos de tomates injertados fue mayor que en el tomate no injertado.

This article is an inductive argumentation and an empirical-analytical paradigm that evaluates the actual relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the case of Ecuador and to compare it with Latin America and the Caribbean within a period of analysis from 1960 to 2011. It was developed an Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root (ADF), a Granger Causality Test and a Johansen Cointegration test. It was obtained a VAR model with two variables with a number of 14 lags – VAR2(14) which were tested for which were tested for causality by demonstrating a bidirectionality for Latin America and the Caribbean and a unidirectionality of GDP per capita to CO2 for the Ecuador. Keywords: economic growth, sustainable development, environmental economics. References [1]E. Urteaga, «Las teorías económicas del desarrollo sostenible,» Cuadernos de Economía, vol. 32, nº 89, pp.113-162, 2009. [2]G. 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Mediante un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, se analizó la relación entre la percepción de la calidad de la gestión administrativa del director y el grado de compromiso laboral de los docentes de algunos colegios privados de El Salvador, en un contexto donde cada año los docentes renuncian a sus trabajos y pasan a laborar al sector gubernamental. Se administraron dos instrumentos, uno para medir la percepción de la gestión administrativa del director y otro para medir el grado de compromiso de los docentes, a 87 docentes de los siete colegios de las regiones metropolitana y occidental de El Salvador. Se encontró que los docentes tienen un compromiso laboral muy bueno. De igual manera, la percepción que tienen los docentes de la gestión administrativa del director es muy buena. Al observarse la correlación entre ambas variables, se determinó que es positiva y alta. Se observó que cuánto mejor perciben los docentes la gestión administrativa del director mayor es el compromiso con su trabajo. El liderazgo del director es importante para el compromiso laboral de los docentes, por lo cual su selección y nombramiento deben ser realizados con cuidadoso análisis. Referencias Alam, S. (2017). A study on leadership styles executed by principal and academic coordinator in one of the private schools in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Academic Research International, 8(3), 71-78. Calik, T., Sezgin, F., Kavgaci, H. y Kilinc, A. (2012). Examination of relationships between instructional leadership of school principal’s and self-efficacy of teacher and collective teacher efficacy. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(4), 2469-2504. Chiang Vega, M., Núñez Partido, A., Martín, M. J. y Salazar Botello, M. (2010). Compromiso del trabajador hacia su organización y la relación con el clima organizacional: un análisis de género y edad. 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The objective of this study is to identify the dimension of the personality that has the greatest influence on the risk of exposure to HIV infection. The models used to fulfill the scientific objective are the empirical method of information gathering and the theoretical deductive method. The 16-FP test and the HIV infection exposure assessment test applied to homosexual adolescents between 18 and 24 years old allowed us to measure the association of the study variables. The non-association between personality and the risk of HIV infection is concluded. The predominant personality dimension is the category called toughness. The prevailing risk level of exposure to HIV is the medium risk. The average age with minimal risk of infection is 20 years, the average risk is 20.9 years, and the high risk of infection is 21.9 years. Keywords: Personality, homosexuality, HIV, risk of infection. References [1]T. Santa Cruz y M. Antezana, «Impact on corporate image in the face of inclusion of LGBT communities in retail stores in Peru,» Correspondencias & Análisis, vol. 13, nº 1, pp. 101 - 126, 2021. [2]R. Muñoz, «Estigma estructural, adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral y cultura organizacional de cuidados en la atención hospitalaria en VIH y Sida enGuayaquil, Ecuador,» Andamios, vol. 15, nº 36, pp. 311- 341, 2018. [3]L. Brito, D. Jiménez, E. Sinche y A. Angulo, «KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS LINKED TO HIV/AIDS IN SHUAR COMMUNITIES OF ECUADOR, » Ciencia y enfermería, vol. 25, nº 1, 2019. [4]J. Rausch, A. Gäbel, K. Nagy y N. Kleindienst, «El aumento de los niveles de testosterona y cortisol al despertar respuestas en pacientes con trastorno límite de la personalidad: Género y el rasgo de agresividad cuestión, » Psiconeuroendocrinologí, vol. 55, nº 1, pp. 116-127, 2015. [5]D. Mosquera, A. Gonzalez, y Van der Hart, O., «Trastorno límite de personalidad, trauma en la infancia y disociación estructural de la personalidad,» INTRA-TP, pp. 1 - 18, 2013. [6]V. Caballo, Manual de trastornos de la personalidad: Descripción, evaluación y tratamiento, Madrid: Síntesis, 2004. [7]O. González, N. Pérez y M. Redondo, «Procesos básicos en una aproximación cognitivo-conductual a los trastornos de personalidad,» Clínica y salud, pp. 401-423, 2007. [8]P. Fernández y A. Morales, «“No quiero que me rechacen”: Experiencias sobre la revelación del estado serológico a las parejas sexuales en hombres,» Escritos de Psicología, vol. 7, pp. 44 - 55, 2014. [9]B. Buenrostro, H. González, I. Delgado, A. Mora, J. Cadenas y S. Montero, «Frecuencia de infección por VIH/sida en usuarios de preservativo,» Revista Cubanade Investigaciones Biomédica, vol. 31, pp. 480 - 489, 2012.

RESUMENLa historia del cristianismo no se entiende sin el complejo fenómeno mariano. El culto mariano ha afianzado la construcción de identidades colectivas, pero también individuales. La figura de la Virgen María estableció un modelo de conducta desde cada contexto histórico-cultural, remarcando especialmente los ideales de maternidad y virginidad. Dentro del imaginario católico, la Europa contemporánea ha estado marcada por la formación de una cultura aparicionista que se ha generadoa partir de diversas apariciones marianas que han establecido un canon y un marco de interpretación que ha alimentado las guerras culturales entre secularismo y catolicismo.PALABRAS CLAVE: catolicismo, Virgen María, cultura aparicionista, Lourdes, guerras culturales.ABSTRACTThe history of Christianity cannot be understood without the complex Marian phenomenon. Marian devotion has reinforced the construction of collective, but also of individual identities. 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Tradizionalmente, tanto a livello nazionale quanto a livello comunitario, la tutela della concorrenza si è caratterizzata per l’impiego di strumenti di enforcement pubblicistico. Dopo un lungo iter, il 26 novembre 2014 è stata pubblicata la direttiva del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio UE 2014/104 relativa a determinate norme che regolano le azioni per il risarcimento del danno ai sensi del diritto nazionale per violazioni delle disposizioni del diritto della concorrenza degli Stati membri e dell'Unione europea. In Italia il recepimento della Direttiva è avvenuto il 19 gennaio 2017 con il d.lgs. n. 3/2017. Sebbene la normativa in parola intervenga a colmare il vuoto creato dall’assenza, sia ambito nazionale che comunitario, di norme di diritto positivo dirette a prevedere esplicitamente la possibilità di promuovere un’azione per il risarcimento del danno sulla base di una violazione delle disposizioni antitrust, essa lascia irrisolte problematiche di notevole importanza. L'obiettivo che ci si propone di raggiungere, pertanto, è quello di verificare i tratti fondamentali della disciplina dell'azione di risarcimento del danno conseguente alla violazione di norme antitrust alla luce della stratificazione di dottrina, giurisprudenza e prassi createsi intorno alla private litigation antitrust in anni recenti. Ciò anche al fine di offrire un contributo utile a fornire le coordinate atte a propiziare un corretto approccio ai tanti risvolti problematici che la nuova disciplina lascia insoluti.

La presente ricerca si propone di analizzare la Direttiva 2012/13/UE sul diritto all'informazione nei procedimenti penali ed il suo impatto sul sistema processuale italiano. L'analisi prende le mosse da un primo capitolo dedicato al sistema multilivello delle fonti: sul panorama nazionale e sovranazionale, infatti, la direttiva è solo l'ultima norma, in ordine di tempo, a disciplinare il diritto fondamentale alla conoscenza dell'indagato e dell'imputato. Necessario quindi apprestare una panoramica delle fonti che garantiscono la protezione multilevel dei diritti, e descrivere le loro reciproche interazioni. Imprescindibile, poi, un approfondimento sulla tutela dei diritti nello Spazio di Libertà Sicurezza e Giustizia dell'UE, con un'attenzione particolare all'era post-Lisbona ed al valore aggiunto che le direttive ex art. 82 co. 2 TFUE possono portare sul sistema multilevel. Il secondo ed il terzo capitolo sono dedicati all'analisi normativa della fonte europea. La trattazione si muove lungo le tre visuali prospettiche che la norma europea attribuisce al diritto all'informazione: diritto alla conoscenza dei propri diritti; diritto alla conoscenza dell'accusa; diritto alla conoscenza degli atti di indagine. Le disposizioni europee vengono continuamente integrate con la giurisprudenza della Corte EDU, che inietta di significato le norme della direttiva e fornisce gli standards di tutela laddove non specificati. Vengono messe in rilievo le disposizioni più innovative, che consentono alla direttiva di non essere solo “codificazione” del case law di Strasburgo, ma fonte autonoma e progredita di diritti. Il capitolo finale è infine focalizzato sull'impatto che la direttiva ha prodotto sul sistema processuale interno. La trattazione è suddivisa tra l'analisi delle modifiche apportate dalla normativa di attuazione italiana, d. lgs. 101/2014, e la disamina delle sue lacune: il legislatore ha dato luogo ad un intervento minimalista, omettendo di dare esecuzione proprio alle disposizioni europee più innovative che avrebbero permesso al nostro sistema di essere in linea con i dettami sovranazionali. Particolare attenzione è data al tema delle modifiche all'imputazione e al principio Iura novit curia, sulla scorta dei punti saldi elaborati dalla Corte EDU nel noto caso Drassich. In conclusione, vengono proposti gli scenari futuri che potrebbero conseguire all'efficacia diretta della direttiva e alla penetrazione, per il suo tramite, delle norme CEDU nell'ordinamento giuridico nazionale.
The present research examines the European Directive on the right to information in criminal proceedings (Directive 2012/13/EU, hereinafter ‘the Directive’), assessing the impact that it is likely to have on the Italian legal system. Before analyzing the legislation, the thesis provides an historical overview of the status of human rights safeguards in the EU and a description of its multi-layered system of protection. Starting from the early ECJ case law setting out a ‘human rights theory’, the research moves on to consider the Charter of Nice and the development of a European Area of Criminal Justice, until the Stockholm Program and the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. In addition, it addresses the question as to whether and to what extent the directives ‘of new generation’ based on art. 82 par. 2 TFEU bring an added value to the aforementioned human rights protection system. Chapters 2 and 3 of the research focus on the analysis of the legislation and on the three meanings that the Directive attaches to the right to information in criminal proceedings, namely, the right to information about rights, the right to information about accusation, and the right to information about case file. The effort is shedding some light on the most innovative prescriptions, while at the same time highlighting how much the EU legislation owes to the ECtHR case law, which is used as a yardstick for the evaluation and interpretation of the Directive. Finally, Chapter 4 addresses the Italian implementing legislation (d. lgs. 101/2014) and the impact of the Directive on our legal system. It finds that the NIM is highly unsatisfactory, as the Italian legislator has failed to comply with the most innovative EU standards. In this regard, the research illustrates the impact of EU prescriptions on the jurisdiction of national judges, in particular, the impact of the ‘new’ right to information about accusation. It concludes that Italian judges can (in)directly apply ECtHR case law standards due the direct effect of the Directive (which can be regarded as an ‘ECtHR case-law codification’).

L’effetto domino è un incidente che si verifica in seguito alla propagazione di uno scenario incidentale sulle apparecchiature circostanti, dalle quali scaturiscono altri scenari incidentali. Gli scenari che potenzialmente sono in grado di innescare l’effetto domino sono le esplosioni e gli incendi. L’effetto domino può essere inter-stabilimento, se coinvolge apparecchiature di stabilimenti adiacenti, o intra-stabilimento, se si verifica tra le apparecchiature sotto la responsabilità di uno stesso gestore. Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è stato quello di selezionare alcuni scenari di effetto domino intra-stabilimento causati da incendi che potrebbero verificarsi in uno stabilimento a rischio di incidente rilevante, al fine di individuare alcune strategie in grado di mitigare il rischio connesso a tali scenari, principalmente tramite l’introduzione di sistemi di protezione antincendio attiva e di funzioni di sicurezza strumentate.

Il presente lavoro di tesi si inserisce nel settore specifico degli stabilimenti che producono, stoccano e vendono sostanze esplodenti nell’ambito delle attività civili. Quando si parla di stabilimenti che detengono sostanze esplosive, intese o come esplosivi pirotecnici oppure esplosivi ad uso civile, è bene considerare sia le installazioni di processo in cui avviene la produzione e il confezionamento delle sostanze esplodenti, sia le installazioni di deposito in cui avviene lo stoccaggio, la manipolazione e il trasferimento di queste sostanze. In funzione della quantità di sostanza pericolosa presente, in Italia gli stabilimenti che detengono sostanze esplosive sono per legge soggetti al T.U.L.P.S. e possono essere soggetti al D. Lgs 105/2015 e classificati come stabilimenti a rischio di incidente rilevante. Possono dunque essere richieste specifiche misure di protezione e adeguate procedure aziendali di gestione al fine di contenere il rischio entro valori accettabili e ridurre al minimo l’impatto su elementi vulnerabili esterni a seguito di un eventuale evento incidentale. Per questi motivi risulta importante che gli stabilimenti che trattano esplosivi svolgano un’analisi del rischio, attraverso la valutazione della distribuzione spaziale delle conseguenze e della frequenza con cui si può verificare un incidente. Lo scopo del lavoro di tesi è di analizzare le metodologie disponibili per la stima delle conseguenze e delle frequenze degli scenari incidentali propri degli stabilimenti che trattano materiale esplosivo. Lo studio ha sia carattere teorico che pratico, dal momento che è considerata l’applicazione dei metodi analizzati ad uno stabilimento assunto come caso di studio.

En 88 a. C., le roi du Pont Mithridate VI Eupator, en tant qu'instigateur des vêpres éphésiennes qui coûtèrent la vie à des milliers de Romains, déclencha un conflit avec Rome qui dura un quart de siècle. Au cours de ces guerres dites « mithridatiques », les armées républicaines remportèrent de nombreuses victoires au terme desquelles les généraux romains devaient traiter avec les vaincus et décider du sort qui leur serait réservé. Ce mémoire s'intéresse plus particulièrement à cette relation entre les vainqueurs et les vaincus en cherchant à déterminer si les généraux romains firent preuve de clementia envers les peuples battus. En plus des sources littéraires, un corpus, composé de six textes épigraphiques, est sollicité. Sylla, Lucullus et Pompée, les trois généraux romains qui dirigèrent les opérations contre les troupes de Mithridate, occupent une place primordiale dans cette étude en vertu des pouvoirs qu'ils possédaient sur leurs propres soldats et sur les ennemis vaincus

According to administrative tradition, concession is an instrument that allows individuals to use a public good for a particular purpose. This general definition, which includes two adjectives, such as public and particular, reflectes the multifaceted issue of the instrument to fulfill at the same time a public need and an eminently private exigence. This study examined different historical periods and various currents of thoughts, to identify distinctive traits of the concession in Italian legal system, especially focusing on the concession of the infrastructure management of airports and railways. In the background of the tension between two extreme poles of the definition, the notion of public good is believed to be discussed and revisited. Furthermore, the research illustrated the main regulatory framework of port concessions, which were radically changed after the new port law no. 84/1994. According to the new land-lond ports in which port authorities were in charge of coordinating, promoting and planning the port activities with a specific prohibition of any direct involvement, port operations have been awarded to private companies entitled to operate under a concession. Two main port actors became the port authority and the port facilities and terminal operating company, who are the only ones able to manage a terminal and to handle cargoes. The criteria to award port concessions are set out in the article 18 of Law no. 84/1994 as far as concessions of port terminals to stevedoring companies are concerned. The paper explained both issues of renewal and extension of port concession, whose maximum duration cannot exceed the period necessary for the recovery of investments made by the concessionaire, as resulting from the operational and business plan. Moreover, the investigation reconstructed the development of the motorway concessions sector in Italy, starting from their birth, through the privatisation in the 1990s, to finally analyze the debate on a possible re-publication following the collapse of the “Ponte Morandi”. In the research the Author also highlighted the relative constituent elements of the scope, i.e. the specific features of the motorway concession regime compared to the ordinary one, the growing presence of an independent governance, as well as the peculiar modalities of tariff determination through the price cap parameter, revealing that the main interventions of Italian Legislator were inspired by the contingent needs and not by the pursuit of an organic design. Dissertation thesis also analysed the role of Transport Regulation Authority (ART), whose main mission is economic regulation in the field of transport and access to related infrastructures and services. Further, ART is competent for defining the quality levels of transport services and the minimum content of the rights that may be claimed by users against infrastructure managers. The Authority is an indipendent administrative authoriy and operates in full autonomy, in accordance with EU legislation and in compliance with the subsidiarity principle.

"El mapa ofrece la distribución espacial de los paisajes físico-geográficos del estado de Chiapas a escala 1: 250 000. La leyenda incluye la definición de los geocomplejos en cinco niveles taxonómicos tipológicos: a) Clases b) Subclases c) Localidad d) Paraje Complejo e) Paraje Simple Los resultados indican que existen en el territorio 6 Clases, 19 Subclases, 118 Localidades, 181 Parajes Complejos y 450 Parajes Simples, con amplio predominio de los geocomplejos de génesis tectónico carsificados y tectónico intrusivo; aunque también están presentes geosistemas volcánicos, fluviales, lacustres y marino-terrígena, entre otros."

Location-based services (LBS) are services that answer queries based on the locations with which the queries are associate; normally the locations where the queries are issued. With a variety of promising applications, such as local information access (e.g., traffic reports, news, and navigation maps) and nearest neighbor queries (e.g., finding the nearest restaurants) (Barbara, 1999; Ren & Dunham, 2000; D. L. Lee, Lee, Xu, & Zheng, 2002; W. C. Lee, Xu, & Zheng, 2004), LBS is emerging as an integral part of daily life. The greatest potential of LBS is met in a mobile computing environment, where users enjoy unrestricted mobility and ubiquitous information access. For example, a traveler could issue a query like “Find the nearest hotel with a room rate below $100” from a wireless portable device in the middle of a journey. To answer such a query, however, three major challenges have to be overcome: • Constrained Mobile Environments: Users in a mobile environment suffer from various constraints, such as scarce bandwidth, lowquality communication, frequent network disconnections, and limited local resources. These constraints pose a great challenge for the provision of LBS to mobile users. • Spatial Data: In LBS, the answers to a query associated with different locations may be different. That is, query results are dependent on spatial properties of queries. For a query bound with a certain query location, the query result should be relevant to the query as well as valid for the bound location. This requirement adds additional complexity to traditional data management techniques such as data placement, indexing, and query processing (D. L. Lee, 2002). • User Movement: The fact that a mobile user may change its location makes some tasks in LBS, such as query scheduling and cache management, particularly tough. For example, suppose that a mobile user issues a query “Find the nearest restaurant” at location A. If the query is not scheduled timely enough on the server, the user has moved to location B when he or she gets the answer R. However, R is no longer the nearest restaurant at location B. Caching has been a commonly used technique for improving data access performance in a mobile computing environment (Acharya, Alonso, Franklin, & Zdonik, 1995). There are several advantages for caching data on mobile clients: • It improves data access latency since a portion of queries, if not all, can be satisfied locally. • It helps save energy since wireless communication is required only for cache-miss queries. • It reduces contention on the narrow-bandwidth wireless channel and off-loads workload from the server; as such, the system throughput is improved. • It improves data availability in circumstances where clients are disconnected or weakly connected because cached data can be used to answer queries. However, as discussed above, the constrains of mobile computing environments, the spatial property of location-dependent data, and the mobility of mobile users have opened up many new research problems in client caching for LBS. This chapter discusses the research issues arising from caching of location-dependent data in a mobile environment and briefly describes several state-of-the-art solutions.

RESUMO A abordagem sistêmica é um processo interdisciplinar, cujo princípio primordial é compreender a interdependência recíproca e relações de todas as áreas e da necessidade de sua integração, permitindo maior aproximação entre os seus limites de estudo. Nesse contexto o olhar sistêmico, da ergonomia, sobretudo no que se refere à segurança, ao conforto e à eficácia de uso, de funcionalidade e de operacionalidade dos objetos, considerando todos os produtos ou sistemas de produtos, como sistema de uso, desde os mais simples aos mais complexos ou sistêmicos, tem como objetivo adequá-los aos seres humanos, tendo em vista as atividades e tarefas exercidas por eles. No que se refere ao design funcional, os conhecimentos da ergonomia, nessa visão sistêmica, relativos à sua metodologia de projeto, são absolutamente necessários, e a sua aplicação aponta a melhor adequação dos produtos aos seus usuários. Como é o caso do vestuário feminino funcional, sobretudo no que se refere a proteção das mamas, que são peças convencionais que necessitam de um correto dimensionamento e especificação dos tecidos e de outros materiais. É um tipo de vestuário que apresenta funcionalidade diversa, como para a proteção física, o aumento do volume da mama, enchimento no bojo de pano, de água, de óleo, estruturado com arame, etc.; para amamentação (sutiã que se abre na frente, em parte ou totalmente); para o design inclusivo (pessoas com deficiência e mobilidade reduzida, no caso de mamas com prótese ou órtese) facilitando com fechamentos e aberturas colocadas em peças de roupas difíceis de manusear, roupas confortáveis e fáceis de vestir. São peças usadas por pessoas com biótipos e percentis antropométricos variáveis e com características corporais que mudam significativamente nas passagens para a adolescência, idade adulta e idosa. As mudanças corporais apresentam diferenças significativas em termos de volume das mamas, nas quais as soluções ergonômicas por uma abordagem sistêmicas que se evidencia mais para a complexidade de uso, são as mais necessárias em termos de atributos como, segurança, conforto, comodidade corporal, facilidade do vestir, funcionalidade, além da estética. Esta pesquisa, embora exploratória e descritiva, não isenta de desafios, tem por objetivo, por meio de dados e informações ergonômicas sistêmicas contribuir com o design funcional, de modo a oferecer subsídios para a confecção de roupas funcionais ou tecnologia vestível, com os atributos citados, respeitando a diversidade e inclusão das pessoas em todas as fases de sua vida, atendendo assim os princípios formais do design. Palavra-chave: Abordagem sistêmica, Ergonomia, Design funcional. REFERENCIAS AROS, Kammiri Corinaldesi. Elicitação do processo projetual do Núcleo de Abordagem Sistêmica do Design da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Orientador: Luiz Fernando Gonçalves de Figueiredo – Florianópolis, SC, 2016. BERTALANFFY, Ludwig V. Teoria geral dos sistemas: fundamentos, desenvolvimento e aplicações. 3. ed. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2008. BEST, Kathryn. Fundamentos de gestão do design. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2012. 208 p. CHIAVENATO, I. Gestão de pessoas. 3ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2010. CORRÊA, Vanderlei Moraes; BOLETTI, Rosane Rosner. Ergonomia: fundamentos e aplicações. Bookman Editora, 2015.MERINO, Eugenio. Fundamentos da ergonomia. 2011. Disponível em: &lt;https://moodle.ufsc.br/pluginfile.php/2034406/mod_resource/content/1/Ergo_Fundamentos.pdf&gt;. Acesso em: 24 Mar 2017. DIAS E. C. Condições de vida, trabalho, saúde e doença dos trabalhadores rurais no Brasil. In: Pinheiro TMM, organizador. Saúde do trabalhador rural –RENAST. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2006.p. 1-27. GIL, A. C. Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa. 4. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2010. GOMES FILHO, J. Ergonomia do objeto: sistema técnico de leitura ergonômica. São Paulo: Escrituras Editora, 2003. GUIMARÃES, L. B. M. (ed). Ergonomia de Processo. Porto Alegre, v.2, PPGE/UFRGS, 2000. IIDA, I. Ergonomia: projeto e produção. 2ª ed rev. e ampl. – São Paulo: Edgard Blucher, 2005. MANZINI, Ezio. Design para inovação social e sustentabilidade: comunidades criativas, organizações colaborativas e novas redes projetuais. Rio de Janeiro: E-Papers, 2008, 104p. MARCONI, M. A.; Lakatos, E. M. Fundamentos de metodologia científica. São Paulo: Atlas, 2007. Pandarum, R., Yu, W., and Hunter, L., 2011. 3-D breast anthropometry of plus-sized women in South Africa. Ergonomics, 54(9), 866–875. McGhee, D.E., Steele, J.R., and Munro, B.J., 2008. Sports bra fitness. Wollongong (NSW): Breast Research Australia. McGhee, D.E., Steele, J.R., and Munro, B.J., 2010. Education improves bra knowledge and fit, and level of breast support in adolescent female athletes: a cluster-randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, 56, 19–24. Pechter, E.A., 1998. A new method for determining bra size and predicting postaugmentation breast size. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 102 (4), 1259–1265. RICHARDSON, R. J. Pesquisa social: métodos e técnicas. 3 ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2008. RIO, R. P. DO; PIRES, L. Ergonomia: fundamentos da prática ergonômica, 3ª Ed., Editora LTr, 2001. SANTOS, N. ET AL. Antropotecnologia: A Ergonomia dos sistemas de Produção. Curitiba: Gênesis, 1997. VASCONCELLOS, Maria José Esteves de. Pensamento sistêmico: O novo paradigma da ciência. 10ª ed. Campinas, SP: Papirus, 2013. WEERDMEESTER, J. D. e B. Ergonomia Prática. São Paulo: Edgard Blucher, 2001. WHITE, J.; SCURR, J. Evaluation of professional bra fitting criteria for bra selection and fitting in the UK. Ergonomics, 1–8. 2012. WHITE, J.;SCURR, J.; SMITH, N. The effect of breast support on kinetics during overground running performance. Ergonomics, Taylor &amp; Francis. 52 (4), 492–498. 2009.

Vicente Iborra Pallarés¹, Francisco Zaragoza Saura2 ¹Building Sciences and Urbanism Department. University of Alicante. Alicante. Politécnica IV, módulo III, 1ª planta. Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n. 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig ²Concejalía de Urbanismo, Ayuntamiento de Altea. Plaza José María Planelles, 1. 03590 Altea E-mail: vicente.iborra@ua.es, zaragozasaura@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Public space, historical urban evolution, tourism phenomena, urbanistic project, educational experience Conference topics and scale: City transformations The town of Altea (Alicante, Spain) has an important urban center that has historically been characterized by two contrasting situations: on one hand, the settlements located on the seaside elevations (Bellaguarda and the Renaissance Bastion) linked to the agricultural uses of the fertile valleys of the rivers Algar and els Arcs, and on the other hand the coastal developments, originally fishery, but nowadays with touristic uses on the maritime front. All these elements configure an urban nucleus that, due to its urban, architectural and landscape qualities, gives rise to one of the main tourist attractions of the region. However, the area described nowadays presents an important problem related to the use and habitability of public space, which is invaded by the presence of the private vehicle, even along the seaside, due to its touristic relevance. This article presents the results of an academic experience developed to study different possibilities of urban transformations for the municipality of Altea, taking as a project site the urban vacuum still conserved between the two situations previously described: the historical areas on the coastal elevations (Dalt) and new urban developments parallel to the seaside (Baix). This academic activity, performed by nearly 50 students from the University of Alicante, was developed in the context of the design course Urbanism 5 during the academic year 2015-16, thanks to the agreement signed between the Municipality of Altea and the University of Alicante. References (100 words) Busquets, J. and Correa, F. (2006) Cities X lines: a new lens for the Urbanistic Project (Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge). Europan Europe (2016) Project and processes (http://www.europan-europe.eu/en/project-and-processes/) accessed January-May 2016. Fernández Per, A. and Mozas, J. (2010) Strategy public (a+t ediciones, Vitoria-Gasteiz). Gehl, J. (2006) La humanización del espacio urbano: la vida social entre los edificios (Reverté, Barcelona). Koolhaas, R. (1995) S, M, L, XL (The Monacelli Press, New York). Lynch, K. (1960) The Image of the City (The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge). Rebois, D. (ed.) (2014) Europan 12 results. The adaptable city /1 (Europan Europe, Paris).

In this study, two-dimensional laminar simulation (2-D Lam), two-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes simulation with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model (2-D RANS(SA)), and implicit three-dimensional large-eddy simulation (3-D LES) are performed for NACA0012, NACA0006, and Ishii airfoils at Rec = 3.0 × 104. The relation between a predictability of airfoil aerodynamic characteristics and a dependence of airfoil geometry shape of each numerical method is evaluated at the low Reynolds number. Although little discrepancy is observed for the lift coefficient predictability, significant differences are presented in terms of the separation and reattachment points predictability depending on the numerical methods. The 2-D Lam simulation can predict the lift coefficients as well as the separation and reattachment points qualitatively as similar to the 3-D LES results except for the high angle of attack which is accompanied by the massive separation. The 2-D RANS(SA), the weak nonlinearity and stall phenomena for the lift coefficients are observed. A good predictability of the separation point are shown, however, it cannot be estimated the reattachment points due to the trend to predict widely for the separation region. The predictabilities of each numerical method appear regardless of the airfoil shapes.

Verification of numerical results with experimental data is an important aspect of any in silico study. In the case of the upper respiratory system, the air flow is often turbulent, which highlights the importance of validating an accurate turbulence model for numerical simulations. Patient specific CT based upper airway models were used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses of the upper respiratory system and the results were compared with the corresponding experimental results. Detailed CFD simulations were conducted using the STAR-CCM+ software to investigate the most appropriate numerical approach in accurately predicting flow characteristics in the upper respiratory system. Large Eddy Simulations (LES) and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with k-ε, and k-ω turbulence models were investigated. The experiments include simulating inspiratory-expiratory flow with particle injection at the intake. A stereolithographic (SL) system (3-D system Projet 6000HD), with a resolution of 0.001–0.002 inches per inch of part and VisiJet SL Clear material, was used for fabricating the experimental model. The outlet of the model was connected to a manifold, with subsequent connection to a piston-cylinder system where a computer-controlled motor was used to simulate the normal breathing flow conditions. Investigations of flow characteristics within the upper airway were performed with a 2-D µPIV system from Intelligent Laser Applications (ILA for micro particle image velocimetry) which includes a high power green LED light source with an effective area of 100×100 mm, and a pulsing system (LPS controller). Matlab software was used for the post processing of PIV images. The LES results displayed more detailed transient flow characteristics than the RANS results for both turbulence models. At the early time steps, the numerical results of the average velocity from all three methods were nearly identical. However, further downstream, where obstructions and strong velocity gradients exist, results differ with a larger velocity gradient near the wall for the LES simulation. Comparing the numerical and experimental results, due to seeding limitations, the experimental results did not display detailed low speed flow characteristics and thus, the shear stress and turbulence quantities were less than the corresponding CFD results. Further experiments are currently in progress to improve the experimental results and to better assess the transient numerical and experimental results.

Three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulations (LES) with Smagorinsky subgrid scale model have been performed for the flow past two free-spanning marine pipelines in tandem placed in the vicinity of a plane wall at a very small gap ratio, namely G/D = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5. The ratio of cylinder center-to-center distance to cylinder diameter, or pitch ratio, L/D, considered in the simulations is taken as L/D = 2 and 5. This work serves as an extension of Abrahamsen Prsic et al. (2015) [1]. In essence, six sets of simulations have been performed in the subcritical Reynolds number regime at Re = 1.31 × 104. Our major findings can be summarized as follows. (1) At both pitch ratios, the wall proximity has a decreasing effect on the mean drag coefficient of the upstream cylinder. At L/D = 2, the mean drag coefficient of the downstream cylinder is negative since it is located within the drag inversion separation distance. (2) At L/D = 2, a squarish cavity-like flow exists between the tandem cylinders and flow circulates within the cavity. A long lee-wake recirculation zone is found behind the downstream cylinder at G/D = 0.1. However, a much smaller lee-wake recirculation zone is noticed at L/D = 5 with G/D = 0.1. (3) At L/D = 2, the reattachment is biased to the bottom shear layer due towards the deflection from the plane wall, which leads to the formation of the slanted squarish cavity-like flow where the flow circulates between the tandem cylinders.

Marinilla´s cultural landscape and spacial characterization (Colombia). Catalina Montoya Arenas¹, Lina María Escobar Ocampo¹, Claudia Maria Venegas Velez¹ ¹Facultad de Arquitectura, UPB. Circular 1 N°70-01 Medellin, Colombia. E-mail: catalina.montoyaarenas@upb.edu.co, lina.escobar@upb.edu.co, claudia.ve7@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Cultural landscape, social management, heritage, spacial transformations, tourism Conference topics and scale: Stages in territorial configuration The historic center of Marinilla, National Monument since 1959, is located sixty minutes from Medellin at San Nicolas Valley. It has exceptional landscape conditions, highly productive lands, and a large percentage of the water reserve that supplies the region and the country, giving the territory an economic center character since the colony. These physical values make part of collective imagination as a recreation area and an opportunity for development in the 1960s, according to the construction of large national infrastructure works. At the same time, it was object of armed conflict in the 1980s and 1990s, and more recently, directly related to the spatial dynamics of the region: unplanned urban expansion, changes in land use and vegetation cover, with effects on the cultural landscape. In a post-conflict situation, the economic strategies of different actors trust on tourism as a social-spatial management strategy to improve the territory. However, the identity of rurality shows spatial imbalances without recognizing elements of historical construction whose legacies must be revealed to ensure equitable development. To do this, we propose an approach from the cultural landscape in a revision of the historical, symbolic and relational transformation through five systems (anthropic, productive, political, symbolic and spatial), analyzing competitiveness, tourism, landscape and social management, in different scales and during three historical moments. References (100 words) Busquets, J., and Cortina, A. (2009). Gestión del paisaje: Manual de protección, gestión y ordenación del paisaje. Ariel, Barcelona. Sierra, P. A. (2003). Periferias y nueva ciudad: el problema del paisaje en los procesos de dispersión urbana. Universidad de Sevilla. Barrera, S. (2014). Consideraciones teóricas para el análisis del paisaje. La Metodología de Los eventos relacionales. Perspectivas sobre el paisaje. Varón, D. C. Z. (2015). El derecho al paisaje en Colombia.: Consideraciones para la definición de su contenido, alcance y límites. U. Externado de Colombia. Olmo, R. M. (2008). El paisaje, patrimonio y recurso para el desarrollo territorial sostenible. Conocimiento y acción pública. Arbor, 184(729).

Finite-rate chemical effects at gas turbine conditions lead to incomplete combustion and well-known emissions issues. Although a thin flame front is preserved on an average, the instantaneous flame location can vary in thickness and location due to heat losses or imperfect mixing. Post-flame phenomena (slow CO oxidation or thermal NO production) can be expected to be significantly influenced by turbulent eddy structures. Since typical gas turbine combustor calculations require insight into flame stabilization as well as pollutant formation, combustion models are required to be sensitive to the instantaneous and local flow conditions. Unfortunately, few models that adequately describe turbulence-chemistry interactions are tractable in the industrial context. A widely used model capable of employing finite-rate chemistry, is the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model of Magnussen. Its application in large eddy simulations (LES) is problematic mainly due to a strong sensitivity to the model constants which were based on an isotropic cascade analysis in the RANS context. The objectives of this paper are: (i) To formulate the EDC cascade idea in the context of LES; and (ii) To validate the model using experimental data consisting of velocity (PIV measurements) and major species (1-D Raman measurements), at four axial locations in the near-burner region of a Siemens SGT-100 industrial gas turbine combustor.

Large eddy simulations (LES) were performed to investigate film cooling of a flat plate, where the cooling jets issued from a plenum through one row of circular holes of diameter D and length 4.7D that are inclined at 35° relative to the plate. The focus is on understanding the turbulent structure of the film-cooling jet and the film-cooling effectiveness. Parameters studied include blowing ratio (BR = 0.5 and 1.0) and density ratio (DR = 1.1 and 1.6). Also, two different boundary layers (BL) upstream of the film-cooling hole were investigated — one in which a laminar BL was tripped to become turbulent from near the leading edge of the flat plate, and another in which a mean turbulent BL is prescribed directly. The wall-resolved LES solutions generated were validated by comparing its time-averaged values with data from PIV and thermal measurements. Results obtained show that having an upstream BL that does not have turbulent fluctuations enhances the cooling effectiveness significantly at low velocity ratios (VR) when compared to an upstream BL that resolved the turbulent fluctuations. However, these differences diminish at higher VRs. Instantaneous flow reveals a bifurcation in the jet vorticity as it exits the hole at low VRs, one branch forming the shear-layer vortex, while the other forms the counter-rotating vortex pair. At higher VRs, the shear layer vorticity is found to reverse direction, changing the nature of the turbulence and the heat transfer. Results obtained also show the strength and structure of the turbulence in the film-cooling jet to be strongly correlated to VR.

Abstract The productive life of a well can be affected by deterioration of the well integrity which can be due to casing/tubing corrosion, casing damage during drilling/ work over, packer failure, plug failures, cement integrity issues etc. Remedial measures can be executed if the nature of problem is diagnosed. One can receive early warning of a potential problem and obtain data for determining a specific restoration program by running well integrity diagnostic tools. There are various well integrity tools available to cater evaluation needs at present times with different working principles and targeting different well integrity problems such as casing/tubing and cement integrity. However, in challenging situation and complex environments, the tools may not provide complete diagnostics. Production logging can be an effective tool in such scenarios by mapping the flow behaviour in the wellbore and can provide a better idea of the wellbore problems. The well "A" is a development well which was drilled (max angle~ 27º) and completed in the interval X345-X349m and X362-X368m to exploit gas from the reservoir ABC. During initial testing it produced @ 1, 67,000 m3/d with FTHP of 2348psi. Later after acid job rate increased to 2,20,000 m3/d but later well had frequent water loading problem and required frequent activation / stimulation. The well has good reservoir zones as identified on the OH logs, hence, to diagnose the reason for water production, PLT was planned in the well in 2015. The well was producing 1,00,000 m3/d of gas at an FTHP of 1181psi during that time. Annulus pressure build-up was also observed in the well suggesting integrity issue with packer/tubing. During the PL run, it was observed that the packer has fallen and settled across one the perforation and the flow was observed to be ongoing from inside as well as outside the packer element making the flow interpretation tricky. A proper interpretation was carried out taking into consideration all available data and water entry point was confirmed. Based on the results, a well intervention was carried out and after the job, well started producing 1,50,000 m3/d of gas with 0% water cut whereas before it was producing 1,00,000 m3/d of gas with 1900 BPD of water. Thus, the intervention resulted in production enhancement by 50% and reduction in water cut by 100%. This paper highlights the proper analysis of the recorded data for diagnosis of the flow condition in an adverse and complex scenario and finding out the water entry point for a proper remediation of the well integrity and production issue.

The Europe 2020 strategy identifies drop out from i-VET or early school leaving (ESL) as a key challenge to meeting employment targets. The Code RED project (http://www.codered-project.eu) has been developed in response to the high levels of early school leaving, drop-out and exclusion from education that often lead to unemployment, poverty and social deprivation. In taking actions towards achieving its goals, the project has been experimenting with a (serious) games' co-design methodology [1] through a dedicated co-design workshops' series, run within 2014 in the UK, Greece, Italy and Cyprus. The objective of the workshops was to engage young people in an interactive (participatory) process of designing and implementing digital educational games' prototypes, aiming at paving the way towards adopting these paradigms in the education and skills' acquisition process, thus maximising the benefit of participants. During the four organised workshops, around 30 young students and 10 trainers (including researchers and facilitators) walked through the pre-defined co-design process, trying to maintain the facilitation at the level 6 of the Hart's ladder [2]. Participants had the opportunity to work as a team, exchange experiences, share roles and responsibilities in the team, see examples of digital (educational) games/products developed by others so as to establish expectations, learn how to deconstruct the rules of games, create and discuss their own game ideas using low-tech prototyping tools (e.g. LEGO models, pack of playing cards, paper, digital means of taking notes, etc.), and finally implement prototypes of their game ideas, using game authoring software such as "Stencyl" (http://www.stencyl.com) and ARIS (https://arisgames.org/). The experimenting offered the opportunity to researchers to collect some very interesting observations, analyse them across the four involved countries and extract useful knowledge towards expanding already available education and employability curriculums from previous projects (e.g. the GOET project, http://goet-project.eu/). References: [1] Bates, M., Brown, D., Cranton, W. and Lewis, J. (2010). Facilitating a games design project with children: a comparison of approaches. Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Games-Based Learning (ECGBL), October 2010, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp.429-437. [2] Hart, R. (1992). Children's participation: from tokenism to citizenship. Florence: UNICEF International Child Development Centre

Ce numéro d’Aux Frontières de l’assainissement explore dans quelle mesure la mobilisation des hommes et des garçons dans les processus EAH peut être porteuse de transformation des rôles et des attitudes en matière de genre et d’un changement durable afin de réduire les inégalités de genre au sein des ménages, des communautés, des organisations et des politiques. Ce document est une mise à jour du numéro 11 de Frontières 1re partie, paru en 2018. Dans le numéro 11, les différents rôles des hommes et des garçons étaient passés en revue en termes d’objets à changer (c.-à-d. pour changer les comportements d’hygiène ou d’assainissement), d’agents du changement (pour promouvoir des pratiques améliorées), et de partenaires du changement dans les processus d’EAH porteurs de transformation en matière de genre. Cette mise à jour examine les progrès accomplis et fournit des exemples concrets d’opportunités saisies et de défis rencontrés dans le cadre de ces efforts. Elle englobe aussi des recommandations pour ceux qui cherchent à savoir comment et pourquoi inclure la mobilisation des hommes et des garçons dans leurs programmes d’EAH.