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Journal articles on the topic 'D-separation criterion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Băncioiu, Camil, and Remus Brad. "Analyzing Markov Boundary Discovery Algorithms in Ideal Conditions Using the d-Separation Criterion." Algorithms 15, no. 4 (2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15040105.

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This article proposes the usage of the d-separation criterion in Markov Boundary Discovery algorithms, instead of or alongside the statistical tests of conditional independence these algorithms usually rely on. This is a methodological improvement applicable when designing, studying or improving such algorithms, but it is not applicable for productive use, because computing the d-separation criterion requires complete knowledge of a Bayesian network. Yet Bayesian networks can be made available to the algorithms when studied in controlled conditions. This approach has the effect of removing sou

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Habib, M. A., H. M. Badr, S. A. M. Said, I. Hussaini, and J. J. Al-Bagawi. "On the Development of Deadleg Criterion." Journal of Fluids Engineering 127, no. 1 (2005): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1852481.

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Corrosion in deadlegs occurs as a result of water separation due to the very low flow velocity. This work aims to investigate the effect of geometry and orientation on flow field and oil/water separation in deadlegs in an attempt for the development of a deadleg criterion. The investigation is based on the solution of the mass and momentum conservation equations of an oil/water mixture together with the volume fraction equation for the secondary phase. Results are obtained for two main deadleg orientations and for different lengths of the deadleg in each orientation. The considered fluid mixtu

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Neal, R. M. "On Deducing Conditional Independence from d-Separation in Causal Graphs with Feedback (Research Note)." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 12 (March 1, 2000): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.689.

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Pearl and Dechter (1996) claimed that the d-separation criterion for conditional independence in acyclic causal networks also applies to networks of discrete variables that have feedback cycles, provided that the variables of the system are uniquely determined by the random disturbances. I show by example that this is not true in general. Some condition stronger than uniqueness is needed, such as the existence of a causal dynamics guaranteed to lead to the unique solution.

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Richards, K. J., D. A. Smeed, E. J. Hopfinger, and G. Chabert D'Hières. "Boundary-layer separation of rotating flows past surface-mounted obstacles." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 237 (April 1992): 343–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112092003446.

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This paper describes laboratory experiments on the flow over a three-dimensional hill in a rotating fluid. The experiments were carried out in towing tanks, placed on rotating tables. Rotation is found to have a strong influence on the separation behind the hill. The topology of the separation is found to be the same for all the flows examined. The Rossby number R in the experiments is of order 1, the maximum value being 6. The separated flow is dominated by a single trailing vortex. In the majority of cases the surface stress field has a single separation line and there are no singular points

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Framstad, Nils Chr. "Portfolio Theory forα-Symmetric and Pseudoisotropic Distributions:k-Fund Separation and the CAPM". Journal of Probability and Statistics 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/235452.

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The shifted pseudoisotropic multivariate distributions are shown to satisfy Ross’ stochastic dominance criterion for two-fund monetary separation in the case with risk-free investment opportunity and furthermore to admit the Capital Asset Pricing Model under an embedding inLαcondition if1<α≤2, with the betas given in an explicit form. For theα-symmetric subclass, the market without risk-free investment opportunity admits2d-fund separation ifα=1+1/(2d-1),d∈N, generalizing the classical elliptical cased=1, and we also give the precise number of funds needed, from which it follows that we cann

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Rhein, Frank, Haoran Ji, and Hermann Nirschl. "Multidimensional Separation by Magnetic Seeded Filtration: Theoretical Study." Powders 3, no. 2 (2024): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/powders3020014.

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Magnetic seeded filtration (MSF) is a multidimensional solid–liquid separation process capable of fractionating a multimaterial suspension based on particle size and surface properties. It relies on the selective hetero-agglomeration between nonmagnetic target and magnetic seed particles followed by a magnetic separation. Experimental investigations of multimaterial suspensions are challenging and limited. Therefore, a Monte Carlo model for the simulation of hetero-agglomeration processes is developed, validated, and compared to a discrete population balance model. The numerical investigation

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Zhang, Jiawei, Yong Gu, Aihua Chen, and Yuguo Yu. "Unveiling Dynamic System Strategies for Multisensory Processing: From Neuronal Fixed-Criterion Integration to Population Bayesian Inference." Research 2022 (August 20, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9787040.

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Multisensory processing is of vital importance for survival in the external world. Brain circuits can both integrate and separate visual and vestibular senses to infer self-motion and the motion of other objects. However, it is largely debated how multisensory brain regions process such multisensory information and whether they follow the Bayesian strategy in this process. Here, we combined macaque physiological recordings in the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MST-d) with modeling of synaptically coupled multilayer continuous attractor neural networks (CANNs) to study the underlying neu

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Aghsaee, Payam, Leon Boegman, Peter J. Diamessis, and Kevin G. Lamb. "Boundary-layer-separation-driven vortex shedding beneath internal solitary waves of depression." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 690 (November 24, 2011): 321–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.432.

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AbstractWe investigate global instability and vortex shedding in the separated laminar boundary layer beneath internal solitary waves (ISWs) of depression in a two-layer stratified fluid by performing high-resolution two-dimensional direct numerical simulations. The simulations were conducted with waves propagating over a flat bottom and shoaling over relatively mild $(S= 0. 05)$ and steep $(S= 0. 1)$ slopes. Over a flat bottom, the potential for vortex shedding is shown to be directly dependent on wave amplitude, for a particular stratification, owing to increase of the adverse pressure gradi

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9

Malamataris, N. A., I. E. Sarris, D. P. Pazis, and A. Liakos. "A comprehensive study of the onset of boundary layer separation in the unbounded flow around a circular cylinder." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 10 (2022): 103607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101413.

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The onset of boundary layer separation in the unbounded flow around a circular cylinder is determined directly with a numerical experiment with accuracy to the second decimal point of the Reynolds number, Re. The governing equations are the steady state, two dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, which are solved with Galerkin finite elements. A new criterion, the entrance ratio [Formula: see text] with D the diameter of the cylinder and L the entrance length of the domain, is introduced in addition to the traditional blockage ratio; the aim is to establish conditions for unbounded flow in both

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Cheng, W., D. I. Pullin, and R. Samtaney. "Large-eddy simulation of flow over a grooved cylinder up to transcritical Reynolds numbers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 835 (November 27, 2017): 327–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.767.

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We report wall-resolved large-eddy simulation (LES) of flow over a grooved cylinder up to the transcritical regime. The stretched-vortex subgrid-scale model is embedded in a general fourth-order finite-difference code discretization on a curvilinear mesh. In the present study $32$ grooves are equally distributed around the circumference of the cylinder, each of sinusoidal shape with height $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$, invariant in the spanwise direction. Based on the two parameters, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}/D$ and the Reynolds number $Re_{D}=U_{\infty }D/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ where $U_{\infty }$

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Zhang, Di, Dongfang Liang, Jun Deng, Yakun Liu, and Jialiang Xie. "On the Spanwise Periodicity within the Gap between Two Different-Sized Tandem Circular Cylinders at Re = 3900." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 6 (2024): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060866.

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Although the spanwise periodicity within the gap between two tandem circular cylinders has been observed by some researchers, there is a lack of systematic research on the properties of this periodicity. For the spanwise periodicity within the gap, this study aims to ascertain its characteristics, its influences on the flow field, and its variation trend with increasing spacing ratio. By numerically simulating the flow around two tandem circular cylinders with a diameter ratio of d/D = 0.6 and seventeen spacing ratios (L/D = 1.00~6.00) at Re = 3900, this study shows four flow regimes: Reattach

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Nichol, Christine P., and Basil D. Roufogalis. "Influence of associated lipid on the properties of purified bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 69, no. 2-3 (1991): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o91-023.

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Acetylcholinesterase has been isolated from bovine erythrocyte membranes by affinity chromatography using a m-trimethylammonium ligand. The purified enzyme had hydrophobic properties by the criterion of phase partitioning into Triton X-114. The activity of the hydrophobic enzyme was seen as a slow-moving band in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. After treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, another form of active enzyme was produced that migrated more rapidly toward the anode in these gels. This form of the enzyme partitioned into the aqueous phase in Triton X-114 phase

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Levy, C., M. Perl, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Multiple Axial Erosions on a Three-Dimensional Crack in Determining the Fatigue Life of Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 1 (2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1386656.

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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from an erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded, autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder are investigated. The problem is solved via the finite element method (FEM). Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack depths, a0/t=0.01-0.40, and crack ellipticities, a0/c=0.5-1.5, emanating from the tip of erosions of different geometry, namely: (a) semi

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Ford, C. L., and P. M. Winroth. "On the scaling and topology of confined bluff-body flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 876 (August 13, 2019): 1018–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.583.

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An experimental study of bluff bodies in confinement is presented. Two Reynolds matched rigs (pipe diameters: $D=40~\text{mm}$ and $D=194~\text{mm}$) are used to derive a picture of the flow topology of the primary-shedding mode (Kármán vortex, mode-I). Confined bluff bodies create an additional spectral mode (mode-II). This is caused by the close coupling of the shedder blockage and the wall and is unique to the confined bluff-body problem. Under certain conditions, modes-I and II can interact, resulting in a lock-on, wherein the modes cease to exist at independent frequencies. The topologica

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Aulia, Asman, Barlian Eri, Hermon Dedi, Dewata Indang, and Umar Iswandi. "Mitigation and Adaptation of Community using AHP in Earthquake Disaster-Prone Areas in Pagar Alam City - Indonesia." International Journal of Management and Humanities (IJMH) 4, no. 9 (2020): 34–38. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.I0851.054920.

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This study aims to formulate the mitigation and adaptation of community in Pagar Alam City using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques. The analysis result shows determining mitigation, physical, educational, and socio-economic use is used as a criterion with 8 alternative policies, i.e a) Participatory mapping to determine the hazards and risks of disasters; b) Increasing public awareness of volcanic earthquake disasters and their mitigation; c) Increasing coordination of related agencies; d) reviving wisdom local; e) building communication networks in the community; f) developing sis

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Maleeva, G. А. "Analysis of security of post-quantum algorithm of Rainbow electronic signature against potential attacks." Radiotekhnika, no. 205 (July 2, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2021.2.205.08.

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Multidimensional public key cryptography is a candidate for post-quantum cryptography, and it makes it possible to generate particularly short signatures and quick verification. The Rainbow signature scheme proposed by J. Dean and D. Schmidt is such a multidimensional cryptosystem and it is considered to be protected against all known attacks. The need for research on Rainbow ES is justified by the fact that there is a need to develop and adopt a post-quantum national securities standard, and that in the process of the US NIST competition on the mathematical basis of cryptographic transformati

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Drož, Ladislav, Mark A. Fox, Drahomír Hnyk, Paul J. Low, J. A. Hugh MacBride, and Václav Všetečka. "Experimental and computed dipole moments in donor–bridge–acceptor systems with p-phenylene and p-carboranediyl bridges." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 1 (2009): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2008154.

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Dipole moments were measured for a series of substituted benzenes, biphenyls, terphenyls, C-monoaryl- and C,C′-diaryl-p-carboranes. For the donor–bridge–acceptor systems, Me2N–X–NO2, where X is 1,4-phenylene, biphenyl-4,4′-diyl, terphenyl and 1,4-C6H4-p-CB10H10C-1,4-C6H4, the measured interaction dipole moments are 1.36, 0.74, 0.51 and 0.00 D, respectively. The magnitude of the dipole moment reflects the ability of the bridge to transmit electronic effects between donor and acceptor groups. Thus, whilst the 1,4-phenylene bridges allow moderate electronic interactions between the remote groups,

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Shim, Yoon-Bo. "(Keynote) Separation Detection of Cancer Cells and Metabolites Based on Disposable Electrodynamic Microfluidic Channel and Electrocatalytic Sensors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 54 (2024): 3690. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02543690mtgabs.

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Electrochemical approaches in bioengineering are attractive and practically expanded to related research areas. Of these, the electroanalytical methods are widely used for monitoring of a specific species in medical and biological samples. Hence, we have studied for the synthesis and characterization of catalytic electrode materials to selectively detect biological species, and an electrochemical separation method for multiple analytes in complex biological samples. Here, we present the biosensors and an electrodynamic microfluidic channel sensor for healthcare and medical purposes. The biosen

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Mu, Li, Xianglong Meng, Huihong Luo, et al. "Determination of Volatilome Profile in Carbonated Beverages Using n-Hexane as an Extractant by GC-MS." Separations 11, no. 8 (2024): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11080231.

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A liquid–liquid extraction pretreatment method using n-hexane as the extractant was developed for the analysis of volatile aroma substances in three flavors (six cola samples, six lemon samples, and six orange samples) of carbonated beverages by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Quantitative analysis was conducted using the external standard method. The spiked recovery rate of α-terpineol was used as the evaluation criterion. Single-factor and response surface experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of extraction temperature, extraction time, and solvent-to-sample rat

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Surbakti, Fitri Yani, and Vivi Uvaira Hasibuan. "The Effectiveness Of Video Media Development To Improve Results Student Learning With Material Classification of Substances And the Changes." Jurnal Pendidikan LLDIKTI Wilayah 1 (JUDIK) 2, no. 02 (2022): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54076/judik.v2i02.255.

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This study aims to obtain interactive and innovative learning media. It is hoped that the use of this media can stimulate the thoughts, feelings, interests and attention of students so that the learning process can run well. This research is a type of development research or known as Research & Development. One of these development models that is in accordance with the development of multimedia-based learning media is the 4-D model. Student learning outcomes after using the Science practicum video based on a scientific approach to substance classification material and its changes in the ac

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Ludvik, Jiri, Ludmila Šimková, Karol Lušpai, Jiří Klíma, and Alan Liška. "Electrochemistry of Molecules for Singlet Fission." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 41 (2023): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01412321mtgabs.

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To improve the maximal theoretical efficiency of relatively inexpensive single-junction solar cells, a promising principle of Singlet fission (SF) can be used. SF is a photophysical process in which an organic chromophore absorbs a photon and in excited singlet state shares its excitation energy with a neighbouring ground-state chromophore and both are converted into two triplet states which after charge separation offer theoretically up to two lectrons.1,2 Although up to now, it has not found its way into practice, the synthetic, photophysical, electrochemical and computational research is ru

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Yakovlev, M. M., R. R. Yarullin, and V. N. Shlyannikov. "Fracture resistance parameters for the compressor disk imitation model." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2020.3.10.

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This paper presents a calculation and experimental technique for determining stress intensity factors in an imitation model of a titanium alloy disk. We studied a low-pressure compressor disk of a gas turbine engine (GTE) D-36. During operations, there occur fatigue cracks initiated and developed in the slot fillet under the blade at the place of transition of the bottom to the lateral surface of the inter-groove projection, which lead to a separation of the disk’s part within its rim. The mixed-mode crack growth occured in the compressor disks. Based on the principles of imitation modeling, t

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Canonaco, Francesco, Anna Tobler, Gang Chen, et al. "A new method for long-term source apportionment with time-dependent factor profiles and uncertainty assessment using SoFi Pro: application to 1 year of organic aerosol data." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 2 (2021): 923–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-923-2021.

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Abstract. A new methodology for performing long-term source apportionment (SA) using positive matrix factorization (PMF) is presented. The method is implemented within the SoFi Pro software package and uses the multilinear engine (ME-2) as a PMF solver. The technique is applied to a 1-year aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) dataset from downtown Zurich, Switzerland. The measured organic aerosol mass spectra were analyzed by PMF using a small (14 d) and rolling PMF window to account for the temporal evolution of the sources. The rotational ambiguity is explored and the uncertainties of

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Pincock, J. A., and A. WH Speed. "The aromatic character and resonance stabilization energies of substituted cyclopentadienyl and indenyl cations." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 9 (2005): 1287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-137.

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Calculations (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) have been used to assess the aromaticity of 5-X substituted indenyl (4) and cyclopentadienyl (5) cations with X = O, NH2, OCH3, CH3, F, H, CN, and N2+. Two criteria were used, the aromatic stabilization energy (ASE), as determined by isodesmic reactions, and bond alternation, as determined from the Julg index (A) on the basis of carboncarbon bond lengths. Substituent effects on the singlet state of the cyclopentadienyl cations resulted in significant decreases in antiaromatic character for electron-donating groups as indicated by larger A values (A = 0.25 for X

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Campbell, Matthew A., Ariel E. Cohen, Michael C. Coniglio, et al. "Structure and Motion of Severe-Wind-Producing Mesoscale Convective Systems and Derechos in Relation to the Mean Wind." Weather and Forecasting 32, no. 2 (2017): 423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-16-0060.1.

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Abstract The goal of this study is to document differences in the convective structure and motion of long-track, severe-wind-producing MCSs from short-track severe-wind-producing MCSs in relation to the mean wind. An ancillary goal is to determine if these differences are large enough that some criterion for MCS motion relative to the mean wind could be used in future definitions of “derechos.” Results confirm past investigations that well-organized MCSs, including those that produce derechos, tend to move faster than the mean wind, exhibiting a significantly larger degree of propagation (comp

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Oelschlaegel, Uta, Aida Santaolalla, Jessica A. Timms, et al. "Independent Prognostic Value of Flow Cytometry (FCM) in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) - Composition of a Prognostic FCM-Score for Overall Survival." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (2021): 2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-146367.

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Abstract Introduction: Flow cytometry (FCM) as recommended by European LeukemiaNet (ELN), is a co-criterion in MDS diagnostics. The aims of the present study were (1) to test whether the FCM diagnostic parameters have an impact on overall survival (OS); and (2) a computational algorithm could improve the identification of aberrant expression and/or cell population frequencies with prognostic importance. Methods: FCM was performed in bone marrow (BM) of 399 patients cytomorphologically classified as MDS. Cell populations were identified based on ELN recommended 55 parameters (Porwit et al., 201

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Fongsatitkul, Prayoon, Donald S. Mavinic, and K. V. Lo. "A two-phase anaerobic digestion (UASB-UASB) process: design criteria and optimal system loading capacity." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 3 (1995): 551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-064.

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This research evaluated the effectiveness and feasibility of two-phase (separation acid and methanogenic phases) anaerobic digestion of simulated sewage sludge using a UASB-UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) process. Predictive models of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (soluble) removal efficiency and CH4 gas production during loading maximization and the recovery (after failure) period were made. The optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the A-UASB was about 1.0 d; for the M-UASB system, two different optimum HRTs were evident, depending on the operational mode. When the UASB-UASB syste

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Lin, Zone-Ching, and Yan-Liang Zheng. "Study on the Thermo-Elastic-Plastic Cutting Model for 3-D Tool with Chip Breaker." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 120, no. 4 (1998): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2807011.

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This paper used large deformation finite element theory, updated Lagrangian formulation, finite difference method, and incremental theory to develop a three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic simulation model for a tool with chip breaker. Both the critical strain energy density theory and the tool feed geometrical location were introduced as the chip separation criterion for cutting. The algorithm of tool movement geometrical limitations was used to examine and correctly the node so as to conform to real cutting conditions. In this model, the tool moved step by step in the simulation, which ra

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DJEDATIN, Gustave, Kifouli ADEOTI, Ebenezer EWEDJE, and Clement AGBANGLA. "Does the Domestication of Yam Wild Type Dioscorea praehensilis and Dioscorea abyssinica has a Genetic Basis?" International Journal of Sciences Volume 6, no. 2017-11 (2017): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3350130.

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Guinea yam (Dioscorea cayenensis–D. rotundata complex) is prone to strong genetic erosion. The main causes are climate change, depletion of the soil, the evolution of cultural practices, etc. To combat this threat, several alternatives are possible including domestication process. Indeed, domestication is an ancestral knowledge which is the introduction of wild yams' tubers to the field. The choice of genotypes to be domesticated is made on the basis of morphological criteria by farmers. To better understand this process and in order to know if it has a genetic basis, survey and sampling were

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Islam, Md Rashedul, Bosong Lin, Yue Yu, Chau-Chyun Chen, and Mahdi Malmali. "Comparative Energetics of Various Membrane Distillation Configurations and Guidelines for Design and Operation." Membranes 13, no. 3 (2023): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030273.

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This paper presents a comparative performance study of single-stage desalination processes with major configurations of membrane distillation (MD) modules. MD modules covered in this study are (a) direct contact MD (DCMD), (b) vacuum MD (VMD), (c) sweeping gas MD (SGMD), and (d) air gap MD (AGMD). MD-based desalination processes are simulated with rigorous theoretical MD models supported by molecular thermodynamic property models for the accurate calculation of performance metrics. The performance metrics considered in MD systems are permeate flux and energy efficiency, i.e., gained output rat

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Witte, Dirk T., Jan Bosman, Rokus A. De Zeeuw, Jan H. De Boer, and Durk A. Doornbos. "Optimization of the direct enantiomeric separation by high-performance liquid chromatography of the D-2 dopamine agonist N-0437 using response surface methodology and the multi-criteria decision-making method." Journal of Chromatography A 558, no. 2 (1991): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80001-w.

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Weber, K. J., and Hans Dronkert. "Screening Criteria to Evaluate the Development Potential of Remaining Oil in Mature Fields." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 2, no. 05 (1999): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/57873-pa.

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Summary Continuing reservoir management at mature stages often concentrates on delineating pockets of remaining mobile oil. This is becoming a major task for reservoir geologists and petrophysicists. Many old fields are coming up for reactivation as investment opportunities and there is an overall expectation that modern techniques can lead to additional recovery of between 10 and 20%. In this article we will discuss the screening criteria related to reservoir architecture, accumulation condition and production history. The mobile oil remaining can be found in a number of predictable locations

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Geraldini, Alessandro, and Stephan Brunner. "On the importance of slow ions in the kinetic Bohm criterion." Journal of Plasma Physics 90, no. 6 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377824001387.

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Between a plasma and a solid target lies a positively charged sheath of several Debye lengths $\lambda _{D}$ width, typically much smaller than the characteristic length scale $L$ of the main plasma. This scale separation implies that the asymptotic limit $\epsilon = \lambda _{D} / L \rightarrow 0$ is useful to solve for the plasma-sheath system. In this limit, the Bohm criterion must be satisfied at the sheath entrance. A new derivation of the kinetic criterion, admitting a general ion velocity distribution, is presented. It is proven that, for $\epsilon \rightarrow 0$ , the distribution of t

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Molina, Julieta, Lucio Pantazis, and Mariela Sued. "Some Considerations on the Back Door Theorem and Conditional Randomization." Epidemiologic Methods 3, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/em-2013-0018.

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AbstractIn this work, we propose a different “surgical modified model” for the construction of counterfactual variables under non-parametric structural equation models. This approach allows the simultaneous representation of counterfactual responses and observed treatment assignment, at least when the intervention is done in one node. Using the new proposal, the d-separation criterion is used to verify conditions related with ignorability or conditional ignorability, and a new proof of the back door theorem is provided under this framework

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Park, Anson R., Michelle V. Mancenido, and Douglas C. Montgomery. "A compound optimality criterion for D‐efficient and separation‐robust designs for the logistic regression model." Quality and Reliability Engineering International, September 23, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.2768.

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Zhang, Di, Yizhen Qi, Dongfang Liang, Yakun Liu, Zhuoyue Li, and Jun Ma. "Combined effect of diameter ratio and spacing ratio on flow around two tandem circular cylinders at a moderate Reynolds number (Re)." Physics of Fluids 36, no. 8 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0225975.

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In order to ascertain the combined effect of diameter ratio (d/D) and spacing ratio (L/D) on the flow around two tandem circular cylinders, a total of 43 research cases are numerically simulated using a large eddy simulation model in this study, including d/D = 0.2 (L/D = 0.80–6.00), d/D = 0.4 (L/D = 0.80–6.00), and d/D = 0.6 (L/D = 0.90–6.00) at Re = 3900. By systematically analyzing the instantaneous/time-averaged spanwise vorticity contours, the three-dimensional time-averaged Q-criterion iso-surfaces, the spanwise periodicity within the gap, and the Strouhal number (St), eight sub-flow reg

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Khan, Majid Hassan, Hamid H. Khan, Atul Sharma, and Amit Agrawal. "Laminar Vortex Shedding in the Wake of a Cube." Journal of Fluids Engineering, June 30, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4047674.

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Abstract Flow around a cube is numerically studied in the laminar vortex shedding regime at Re = 276. The objective is to examine the three dimensional vortex shedding mechanism and understand the temporal behaviour of the wake. Hairpin vortices were identified using λ2 criterion. The wake of the cube sheds paired hairpin vortices which moves in the streamwise direction and attains a constant shape with time. The analysis of separation distance and angular orientation of hairpin vortices for flow around a cube are presented here for the first time in the literature. The separation (d) between

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38

A., Armin, Fotouhi R., and Szyszkowski W. "Experimental and Finite Element Analysis for Mechanics of Soil-Tool Interaction." March 3, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1130067.

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In this paper a 3-D finite element (FE) investigation of soil-blade interaction is described. The effects of blade’s shape and rake angle are examined both numerically and experimentally. The soil is considered as an elastic-plastic granular material with non-associated Drucker-Prager material model. Contact elements with different properties are used to mimic soil-blade sliding and soil-soil cutting phenomena. A separation criterion is presented and a procedure to evaluate the forces acting on the blade is given and discussed in detail. Experimental results were derived from tests using

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Wei, Kunlong, Hongbin Shi, Jiang Li, and Min Tang. "A new progressive damage model for predicting the tensile behavior of the three-dimensional woven carbon/carbon composites using micromechanics method." International Journal of Damage Mechanics, August 3, 2021, 105678952110354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10567895211035496.

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A new progressive damage model for the three-dimensional (3 D) woven carbon/carbon (C/C) composites is developed at fiber-matrix level using the micromechanics method. A woven architecture based Representative Volume Element (RVE) model composed of yarns, matrix and yarn/matrix interface is constructed, in which the manufacturing void defects are accounted for. The fiber-matrix concentric cylinder model is employed as a repeating unit cell to represent the yarn, and the matrix micro strain field is computed analytically by the micromechanics method. The maximum stain criteria is utilized for f

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"Mitigation and Adaptation of Community using AHP in Earthquake Disaster-Prone Areas in Pagar Alam City - Indonesia." Regular Issue 4, no. 9 (2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.i0851.054920.

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This study aims to formulate the mitigation and adaptation of community in Pagar Alam City using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques. The analysis result shows determining mitigation, physical, educational, and socio-economic use is used as a criterion with 8 alternative policies, i.e a) Participatory mapping to determine the hazards and risks of disasters; b) Increasing public awareness of volcanic earthquake disasters and their mitigation; c) Increasing coordination of related agencies; d) reviving wisdom local; e) building communication networks in the community; f) developing sis

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Nicholas, Shane, Mohammad Omidyeganeh, and Alfredo Pinelli. "Numerical Investigation of Regime Transition in Canopy Flows." Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, October 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10494-022-00363-5.

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AbstractWe have carried out highly resolved simulations of turbulent open channel flows. The channel wall is covered with different filamentous layers sharing the same thickness ($$h=0.1H$$ h = 0.1 H , where H is the open channel height) and bulk Reynolds number (i.e., $$Re_b=U_bH/\nu $$ R e b = U b H / ν , , $$U_b$$ U b is the bulk velocity and $$\nu $$ ν the kinematic fluid viscosity). The layers are composed of rigid, slender cylindrical filaments mounted perpendicular to the bottom wall. We have selected two layer configurations characterised by filament spacing ratios of $$\Delta S/H=\pi

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Zuin, Vânia G., Luize Z. Ramin, Mateus L. Segatto, et al. "To separate or not to separate: what is necessary and enough for a green and sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds from Brazilian citrus waste." Pure and Applied Chemistry, September 10, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2020-0706.

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AbstractIncreasing demands to obtain chemicals via greener and more sustainable materials and processes introduces concepts that should be considered and applied from lab to larger scales. Obtaining bioactive chemicals from agro-industrial non-food biomass waste can combine benign techniques and bio-circular economy to reach this goal. After extraction, evaluating profitability and environmental impacts to decide whether separation – and to what extent – is necessary or not is indispensable. This could be integrated into an approach known as sufficiency, as an important criterion for sustainab

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Guo, Di-Fu, Kai Li, Fen Liu, Huai-Zhen Li, and Xin-Yi Liu. "WISE J185503.7+592234: A Particularly Low Mass Ratio Contact Binary Approaching Merger." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, February 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad417.

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Abstract In this paper, the total eclipsing binary WISE J185503.7+592234 (hereinafter J185503), whose mass ratio is around the mass ratio limit, was observed and investigated for the first time. The stellar atmospheric parameters of the primary (more massive) component were calculated by the spectral fitting, and the following results are obtained: Teff = 5747 ±25 K, [Fe/H] = -0.16±0.04 dex, logg= 4.78 ±0.05 cms−2. Although J185503 has a very small amplitude ( ∼ 0.17 mag in V band) and a short period (0.2800782 d), its light curves exhibit total eclipses (eclipse duration: ∼ 40 minutes, which

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Prabha, Naveen S., Nandakumar K. Chandran, Man Yeong Ha, and S. Kumar Ranjith. "Laminar wake dynamics behind a trilobed cylinder." Physics of Fluids 37, no. 6 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0270973.

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This study numerically examines the unsteady wake dynamics of a trilobed cylinder placed in a uniform flow at Reynolds numbers of up to 180. Two-dimensional finite volume simulations are performed to compare the hydrodynamics of a trilobed cylinder with those of an equivalent circular cylinder, aiming to elucidate vortex shedding and boundary layer evolution. To analyze the flow physics, the following parameters are computed: coefficients of drag (C¯D), lift (CLrms), and pressure (C¯P); Strouhal number (St); wake length (Lw) and vortex formation length (Lfu′u′¯,c); separation and critical Reyn

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Battaglini, L., G. Contemori, A. Fertonani, C. Miniussi, A. Coccaro, and C. Casco. "Excitatory and inhibitory lateral interactions effects on contrast detection are modulated by tRNS." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55602-z.

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AbstractContrast sensitivity for a Gabor signal is affected by collinear high-contrast Gabor flankers. The flankers reduce (inhibitory effect) or increase (facilitatory effect) sensitivity, at short (2λ) and intermediate (6λ) target-to-flanker separation respectively. We investigated whether these inhibitory/facilitatory sensitivity effects are modulated by transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) applied to the occipital and frontal cortex of human observers during task performance. Signal detection theory was used to measure sensitivity (d’) and the Criterion (C) in a contrast detection

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Mishra, Bal Krishan, and Pradipta K. Panigrahi. "Dynamics and 3-D instability of flow induced by the dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator in an initially quiescent medium." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 1008 (April 10, 2025). https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.198.

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A typical dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator operating in burst mode generates periodic vortices resembling the starting vortex. This paper presents the three-dimensional (3-D) characteristics and instability mechanism of these vortices. The experimental investigation is carried out using smoke visualisation and time-resolved particle image velocimetry techniques in three orthogonal measurement planes. The size of the vortices decreases with an increase in burst signal frequency, $ f_{b}$ , at a constant duty cycle, $ \alpha$ . At higher burst frequencies, dipole vortices are formed

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"THE INFLUENCE OF PETS ON THE EMOTIONAL STATE OF YOUTH DURING LOCKDOWN." Socialization & Human Development: International Scientific Journal 3, no. 1 (2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37096/shdisj-21-1.1-0009.

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Existing studies of correlation between the experience of owning and caring for a pet with the psycho-mental state of a person confirm the relevance of this scientific problem. It was substantiated that lockdown restrictions in this context turned out to be a significant factor, as they affect all parts of a personal life, in particular, psychological and social health. The empirical basis of the study is represented by methods: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Zigmond & Snaith), Budner's Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale (IAS), UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Lon

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Y., Galerkin, and Solovieva O. "Flow Behavior and Performances of Centrifugal Compressor Stage Vaneless Diffusers." January 2, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1099232.

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Parameters of flow are calculated in vaneless diffusers with relative width 0,014–0,10. Inlet angles of flow and similarity criteria were varied. There is information on flow separation, boundary layer development, configuration of streamlines. Polytrophic efficiency, loss coefficient and recovery coefficient are used to compare effectiveness of diffusers. The sample of optimization of narrow diffuser with conical walls is presented. Three wide diffusers with narrowing walls are compared. The work is made in the R&D laboratory “Gas dynamics of turbo machines” of the TU SP

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Hedley, Jeffrey S., Ayman S. Tahhan, Andrew A. McCue, et al. "Abstract 14841: Definitions of Stage D Heart Failure and Survival: Comparing INTERMACS Profiles, ESC Criteria, and Physician Assessment." Circulation 132, suppl_3 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.14841.

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Introduction: Care for patients with stage D heart failure (HF) is becoming increasingly complex in the era of mechanical circulatory support (MCS). However, an operational consensus definition of stage D HF is currently lacking. Hypothesis: Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) profiles better identify outpatients with stage D HF compared to European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association (ESC-HFA) criteria and physician assessment. Methods: We evaluated 474 outpatients with systolic HF (ejection fraction [EF] <40%) who received care in Q1

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Harvey, L., K. Maguire, U. Burgaz та ін. "ZTF SN Ia DR2: High-velocity components in the Si ii λ6355". Astronomy & Astrophysics, 26 лютого 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449746.

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The Zwicky Transient Facility SN Ia Data Release 2 provides a perfect opportunity to perform a thorough search for and subsequent analysis of high-velocity features (HVFs) in the pre-peak regime. The source of such features remains unclear, but potential origins include circumstellar material, as well as enhancements to the abundances or densities intrinsic to the supernova (SN) ejecta. Therefore, they may provide clues to the elusive progenitor and explosion scenarios of Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia). We employed a Markov chain Monte Carlo fitting method followed by Bayesian information criterion test

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