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1
Summers, William. "D14-LIKE : an essential protein for the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288351.
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Low nutrition availability in the soil can be a major limitation of plant growth. To improve nutrient acquisition, the majority of land plants engage in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The accommodation of fungal colonisation structures in the roots requires their radical reprogramming. This starts during pre-symbiotic communication, where signals are exchanged between the fungus and plant across the rhizosphere. The receptor D14-LIKE emerged as a vital component of this pre-symbiotic communication when it was found to be absolutely required for symbiosis in rice. However, the broader relevance of the receptor, both in terms of functional conservation across plant species and its relation to other pre-symbiotic plant signalling components, remained unclear. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate these two key points. To address the fragmented picture of fungal signals, plant receptors and signalling pathways, a large scale transcriptomic experiment in rice was conducted to tie D14L together with other distinct pre-symbiotic components. In the absence of D14L-mediated signalling, rice was found to be compromised in the perception of germinated spore exudates, as well as specific chitinaceous signals, meaning that normal transcriptional reprogramming could not be achieved in response to any of these treatments. In addition, the functional conservation of D14L signalling was explored using trans-species complementation experiments. It was found that the Arabidopsis homolog AtKAI2 could complement the developmental phenotype of the d14l rice mutant, but not symbiosis. Likewise, D14La from early diverging Marchantia polymorpha and Marachantia paleacea could rescue developmental phenotypes in d14l rice, but again failed to complement symbiosis. This demonstrated a functional separation between developmental and symbiotic signalling. The data generated during my PhD foster D14L as a central node for multiple inputs to pre-symbiotic reprogramming, and provides new insights into pre-symbiotic communication mechanisms which are required for the successful establishment of symbiosis.
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Feldkircher, Martin, Philipp Poyntner, and Helene Schuberth. "Effects of the ECB's Unconventional Monetary Policy on Real and Financial Wealth." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/7040/1/WP286.pdf.
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We assess the impact of the ECB's unconventional monetary policy (UMP) on the wealth distribution of households in ten euro area countries. For this purpose, we estimate the effects of an ECB balance sheet expansion on financial asset and housing prices by means of vector autoregressions. We then use the estimates to carry out micro simulations based on data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). We find that the overall effect of UMP on the net wealth distribution of households differs depending on which wealth inequality indicators we use. There is an inequality-increasing effect for the majority of the countries under review when we use wealth inequality indicators that are sensitive to changes at the tails of the wealth distribution. The effect is more equalizing when we base our assessment on the Gini coefficient. It is also important to note that one-third of the households in our sample does not hold financial or housing wealth and is thus not directly affected by UMP measures via the asset price channel.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Larose, Hailey Lee Ann. "Exploring the genetic basis of germination specificity in the parasitic plants Orobanche cernua and O. cumana." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94423.
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Seeds of the root parasitic plants of the genus Orobanche germinate specifically in response to host-derived germination signals, which enables parasites to detect and attack preferred hosts. The best characterized class of germination stimulants is the strigolactones (SLs), although some species respond to non-SL compounds, such as dehydrocostus lactone (DCL). Recent work indicates that SLs are perceived by members of the KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) gene family, and suggests that within parasitic Orobanchaceae the KAI2 genes have undergone duplication and specialization. The "diverged" clade of these genes, termed KAI2d, has been shown to bind SL germination stimulants in model system assays, but the precise role for KAI2d in regulating germination specificity in a parasitic plant has not been demonstrated. To address this issue, we used genetic and genomic approaches involving two closely related species, Orobanche cernua and O. cumana, which differ primarily in host range and stimulant preference. Orobanche cernua parasitizes tomato (and other Solanaceous crops) and responds to orobanchol, the major SL from tomato roots, whereas O. cumana specifically parasitizes sunflower and responds to DCL. Crosses between O. cernua and O. cumana produced hybrid populations that segregate for stimulant specificity, creating a tractable genetic system. Orobanche cernua contains four KAI2d genes (numbered OrceKAI2d1-4), while O. cumana contains six genes (OrcuKAI2d1-6). The DNA from 94 F2 hybrids was genotyped to identify the KAI2d gene composition and these were correlated with germination phenotype. The pattern of segregation indicated that the KAI2d genes are linked, but pointed to OrceKAI2d2 as a likely orobanchol receptor. Response to DCL was associated with inheritance of all O. cumana KAI2d genes together. Each KAI2d gene was expressed in the Arabidopsis thaliana kai2 mutant background and tested for ability to recover the mutant phenotype when exposed to SLs (including orobanchol, 5-deoxystrigol and GR24) or DCL. One O. cernua gene, OrceKAI2d2, responded to all SLs, but not DCL in this system. No DCL-specific KAI2 genes were identified. In summary, we have identified the likely SL receptor in O. cernua, and show evidence that the DCL receptor is either not a KAI2d protein, or uses KAI2d in combination with other signaling pathway components.Ph. D.
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Auger, Isabelle. "Isolement et caracterisation de ligands specifiques de la troisieme region hypervariable de hla-drb1#*0401 (hla-dr4 dw4). Implications pour l'association polyarthrite rhumatoide et hla-dr4." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22032.
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La sequence qkraa de la troisieme region hypervariable de hla-drb1#*0401 porte la susceptibilite a developper une polyarthrite rhumatoide. Le role de la sequence qkraa n'est pas encore connu. Il implique sans doute une interaction avec un ou plusieurs ligands. Nous avons recherche si la sequence qkraa de la troisieme region hypervariable de hla-drb1#*0401 interagit avec des proteines susceptibles de jouer un role dans la polyarthrite rhumatoide. Nous avons montre que : 1- le peptide de troisieme region hypervariable de hla-drb1#*0401 contenant qkraa fixe specifiquement la proteine de choc thermique bacterienne, dnak. Le motif qkraa suffit a fixer dnak. 2- le motif qkraa est implique dans l'interaction de dnak avec la proteine de choc thermique, dnaj, qui porte aussi la sequence qkraa. 3- dans les lignees lymphoblastoides humaines, hla-drb1#*0401 interagit specifiquement avec la proteine de choc thermique constitutive hsp73. Hsp73 transporte directement hla-drb1#*0401 du reticulum endoplasmique vers les lysosomes.
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Sugamori, Kim S. "The dopamine D1C receptor, expansion and origin of the dopamine D1 receptor family." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/NQ41320.pdf.
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Sculfort, Sabrina. "D10 -d10 interactions in heterometallic molecular clusters." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6226.
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La réactivité du métallate [MoCp(CO)3]− vis à vis de complexe de cuivre(I), d’argent(I) et d’or(I) a conduit à une série de complexes hétérométalliques anioniques de formule [M{MoCp(CO)3}2]−(M = Cu(I), Ag(I), et Au(I)). Ces complexes ont été caractérisés par diffraction des rayons X et utilisés comme précurseurs de clusters mixtes à coeurs métalliques hexa- ou octanucléaire pseudo-plans. Ces clusters oligomériques {M[m]}n (M = Cu, n = 3; M = Ag, Au, n = 4) possèdent le même métalloligand pontant [m] = CpMo(CO)3 et ont pu être synthétisés et caractérisés. Le coeur métallique du cluster [Cu3{MoCp(CO)3}3] forme un triangle de fréquence 2 (ν2), constitué d’un triangle de cuivre ponté sur chacune de ses arêtes par un molybdène. Les clusters en “étoile” [Ag4{MoCp(CO)3}4] et [Au4{MoCp(CO)3}4] sont des carrés de fréquence 2 (ν2) formés d’un coeur métallique carré d’argent et d’or, respectivement, dont les arêtes sont pontées par un molybdène. Pour chacun de ces clusters, des distances courtes entre les ions d10 ont été mises en évidence, confirmant de réelles interactions entre ces centres métalliques. Des calculs théoriques ont été entrepris en collaboration pour comprendre ces interactions et leurs géométries. A partir des complexes « linéaires » [M{MoCp(CO)3}2]−, nous avons pu démontrer qu’une interconversion entre les chaînes {M[m]}n et les clusters {M[m]}n était possible dans le cas où M = Cu ou Ag et que la positon de l’équilibre dépendait seulement de la stoechiométrie des réactifs. De nouveaux complexes mixtes [CuAg3{MoCp(CO)3}4], [CuAu3{MoCp(CO)3}4] ont été obtenus et caractérisés par diffraction des rayons X ainsi qu’un complexe inattendu [(Na•DME)[Cu2{MoCp(CO)3}3]]2Anionic, metal−metal bonded heterotrinuclear chain complexes of the type [M{MoCp(CO)3}2]− with M = Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I) have been prepared by reaction between a d10 metal precursor complex and the carbonylmetalate [MoCp(CO)3]−. These complexes have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and used as precursors to neutral 2-D hexa- or octanuclear mixed-metal clusters of the general formula [MMoCp(CO)3]n (M = Cu, n = 3; M = Ag or Au, n 4). The ν2-triangular (M = Cu) or ν2-square (M = Ag, Au) structures of their metal-metal-bonded cores allow comparative evaluation of the d10-d10 interactions and theoretical calculations point to a favourable contribution of diagonal Au—Au or Ag—Ag interactions in the square structures. It is shown in the case of M = Cu and Ag that interconversion between the metal chain complexes of stoichiometry M[m]2 and the clusters {M[m]}n is possible, and the position of the equilibrium depends solely on the respective stoichiometry of the reagents. New ν2-square, octanuclear, trimetallic complexes [CuAg3{MoCp(CO)3}4] and [CuAu3{MoCp(CO)3}4] have also been obtained and characterized in the solid-state by X-ray diffraction, as well as the unexpected double pentanuclear complex [{Na(dme)}{Cu2[MoCp(CO)3]3}]2
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Fellner, Wolfgang, and Roman Seidl. "Satiated consumers: allocation of consumption time in an affluent society." Wiley, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/meca.12080.
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Based on Ian Steedman's seminal contribution "Consumption Takes Time", we propose a formal
activity-based model for consumer behaviour. The model simultaneously incorporates choices over
consumption time, as well as quantities and qualities of products consumed. We identify and examine
preconditions for satiation with products and draw implications for economic policy. Satiation with
products explains the limited effects of price or income changes on demand and questions the
pertinence of economic growth for development. It further highlights the relevance of working time
reductions for well-being. (authors' abstract)
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Olshavsky, Nicholas. "Disruption of D-cyclin transcriptional regulation of the Androgen Receptor: Mechanism and Consequence." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1273168605.
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Larocque, Gabrielle. "Cell biology of tumor protein D54 (TPD54)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/107000/.
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The expression of Tumor protein D52 (TPD52) family members is deregulated in many types of cancer. When overexpressed, it is suggested that they increase cell proliferation and migration/invasion as well as avoid apoptosis. Deregulation in the expression of the TPDs is therefore linked to poor prognosis. Little characterisation has been carried out to date, but it is known that the TPDs are found in association with components of the membrane trafficking pathway. The aim of this work is to uncover how the least studied member of the family, TPD54, affects cellular processes involved in carcinogenesis, such as cell migration and invasion. By using the knocksideways method, we have been able to map the cellular localisation of TPD54 and have identified association partners. These associations have been confirmed by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. Amongst these was the small GTPase Rab14. We have also found that TPD54 is involved in the trafficking of receptors containing a dileucine motif in their cytosolic tail, but not a tyrosine-based or NPXY motif. With the mapping of the localisation of TPD54, we hypothesise that TPD54 is on the recycling route following the Golgi apparatus, and in association with Rab14, regulates the trafficking of receptors containing a dileucine motif. Integrins are receptors controlling cell migration. They can be trafficked through the Golgi apparatus before being recycled back to the plasma membrane. This recycling route is not well characterised. We therefore hypothesise that TPD54 regulates this route with Rab14, and that this is the reason why TPD54 is important for cell migration, and that a defect in its function can cause cancer.
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Sougey, Everton Botelho. "Sistema LICET-D10 : multidiagnostico computadorizado das depressões." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308852.
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Orientador : Dorgival CaetanoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento histórico da nosologia dos estados depressivos e as tentativas contemporâneas de reclassificação ilustram a origem de algumas dificuldades atuais e também sugerem novas perspectivas de investigação. A abordagem multidiagnóstica da nosologia foi o modelo em que o autor se baseou com o objetivo de desenvolver o SISTEMA UCET-D10, um instrumental de pesquisa sobre classificação das depressões. Este Sistema é composto pela Lista Integrada de Critérios de Avaliação Taxionômioa das Depressões - a LICET-D10; um Glossário de Definições de Sintomas e por um Programa Computadorizado de multidiagnóstico das depressões. O Sistema LICET-D10 foi testado numa amostra de 28 pacientes deprimidos e demonstrou sua funcionalidade. Este instrumental pode ser utilizado em pesquisa ou em clinica; favorece o treinamento em semiologia e nosologia das depressões; permite a obtenção de dez diagnósticos operacionais de depressão para cada paciente examinado; fornece amostras homogêneas de pacientes. permitindo facilmente executar a posteriori, reclassificações em subgrupos; possibilita comparações intersistemas entre as diversas categorias e subcategorias de estados depressivos. contribuindo para a investigação sobre confiabilidade e validade do diagnóstico psiquiátrico
Abstract: The historical developments of the nosology of depressive states and contemporary attempts at reclassification not only ilustrate the origin of some of the present difticulties but mo suggest new perspeetives of investigation. The multidiagnostie approaeh to nosology provides the model upon which the author based himsett with the objective of developing the LICET-D10 System, a research tool for the classification of depression. This System comprises the Integrated List of Taxionomie Eval.uation Criteria for Depression (LICET D10); a glossary of definitions of symptoms and a computerized program of multidiagnosis of depression. The LICET-D10 System was tested on a sample of 28 depressed patients and proved its operational effectiveness. This tool ean be used in research or clinical. practice; it furthers training in the semiology and nosology of depressions; provides ten operational. diagnoses for each patient examined; supplies homogeneous samples of patients, permitting a posterior and easy reclassifieation in subgroups; makes possible inter systemic comparisons between the difterent categories and subcategories of depressive states, thus contributing to the investigation into the reHabiHty and val.idity of psychiatric diagnosis
Doutorado
Saude Mental
Doutor em Medicina
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Frank, Nicolas. "d10-Metallkomplexe des p-tert-Butyltetramercaptotetrathiacalix[4]arens." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21975.
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Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Potenzial von p-tert-Butyltetramercaptotetrathiacalix[4]aren (H4(MTC[4])) zum Aufbau von mehrkernigen Komplexen mit weichen Metallionen mit d10-Elektronenkonfiguration zu untersuchen. H4(MTC[4]) bietet im Vergleich zum bekannteren p-tert-Butylcalix[4]aren erweiterte Bindungsmöglichkeiten für Metallionen an den Thioetherbrücken. Die Funktion der Metallionen Cu(I) und Zn(II) in biologischen Systemen lieferte die anfängliche Inspiration, jedoch erschien auch die Untersuchung anderer Metalle wie Nickel, Silber und Gold in Verbindung mit (MTC[4])4- Liganden lohnenswert, da diese Metalle durch ihre jeweils bevorzugten Koordinationsgeometrien neue Strukturen und Koordinationsmöglichkeiten an H4(MTC[4]) aufzeigen könnten.
In Experimenten mit Kupfer(I)-Ionen konnten der Kupferkomplex [(Ph3PCu)4(MTC[4])] sowie das Hexamer [Cu4(MTC[4])]6 hergestellt und charakterisiert werden. [Cu4(MTC[4])]6 weist eine einzigartige, supramolekulare, hohle Cu24S48-Käfigstruktur auf. Die [Cu4(MTC[4])]-Einheiten werden durch Cu2S2-Motive verknüpft, die extrem kurze Cu···Cu-Abstände aufweisen. Durch NMR-Experimente wurde gezeigt, dass die Hohlräume von [Cu4(MTC[4])]6 in Lösung Acetonitril und Methan aufnehmen können.
In Experimenten mit Silber(I)-Ionen wurden die Molekülstrukturen der Silberkomplexe [(Ph3PAg)2AgH(MTC[4])], [(Ph3PAg)4AgCl(MTC[4])] und [(Ph3PAg)4(MTC[4])] bestimmt. Diese zeigen, dass H4(MTC[4]) gegenüber Silber- und Kupferionen ein ähnliches Koordinationsverhalten aufweist.
In Experimenten mit Gold(I)-vorläufern war es möglich, zu steuern, wie viele Metallionen ein einzelnes Molekül H4(MTC[4]) koordiniert. Die Komplexe [(Ph3PAu)2H2(MTC[4])], [(Me3PAu)3H(MTC[4])] und [(Me3PAu)4TlCl(MTC[4])] wurden synthetisiert. Diese bieten teilweise durch vorhandene freie Thiolfunktionen Potenzial für die Synthese heterometallischer Komplexe.It was the aim of this work, to assess the potential of p-tert-Butyltetramercaptotetrathiacalix[4]arene (H4(MTC[4])) to create multinuclear complexes with soft metal ions of d10 electron configuration. In contrast to the more known p-tert-Butylcalix[4]aren, H4(MTC[4]) offers extended possibilities for the coordination of metal ions at the thioether groups. While this work was initially inspired by the function of Cu(I) and Zn(II) ions in biological systems, the metal ions, which were incorporated into the Calixarene, were soon expanded by Ni(II), Ag(I) and Au(I) ions. Through their different preferred coordination geometries, these metal ions could yield new information about coordination modes of H4(MTC[4]). In experiments with copper(I) ions the complex [(Ph3PCu)4(MTC[4])] and the hexamer [Cu4(MTC[4])]6 were synthesized and characterized. [Cu4(MTC[4])]6 consists of a unique, supramolecular hollow Cu24S48 cage structure. The [Cu4(MTC[4])] units are connected by Cu2S2 motivs, which display extraordinary short Cu···Cu distances. An investigation by NMR spectroscopy indicated that the cavities of [Cu4(MTC[4])] in solution can hold acetonitrile or methane molecules. In experiments with silver(I) ions, the molecular structures of the compounds [(Ph3PAg)2AgH(MTC[4])], [(Ph3PAg)4AgCl(MTC[4])] and [(Ph3PAg)4(MTC[4])] were determined. In these compounds H4(MTC[4]) exhibits a similar coordination behaviour towards Ag(I) ions as it does towards Cu(I) ions. In experiments with gold(I) precursors it was possible to control how many gold(I) ions were coordinated by H4(MTC[4]). The complexes [(Ph3PAu)2H2(MTC[4])], [(Me3PAu)3H(MTC[4])] and [(Me3PAu)4TlCl(MTC[4])] were synthesized and studied. Due to their free thiol functions, they are potential precursors for the synthesis of heterometallic complexes.
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Araujo, Junior Anastacio Borges de. "O não-ser na ontologia de Platão : um estudo da Republica, V(475 d1 - 480 a13) ao Timeu (47 e3 - 52 d4)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280134.
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Orientador: Alcides Hector Rodriguez BenoitTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho trata do problema do não-ser na ontologia de Platão, a partir dos diálogos 'República', V (475 dI - 480 a13) e 'Timeu' (47 e3 - 52 d4). Com relação ao trecho da 'República', apresenta um exame do seu sentido ético-político - caracterizar o filósofo como aquele apto para governar a cidade fundada em argumentos racionais - assim como o seu sentido epistemológico - discriminar o ser e o parecer, ou seja, determinar a ciência e a opinião. Mas, o sentido ontológico da realidade do não-ser, estabelecido nessa passagem, não parece evidente. A pesquisa mostra, então, que há uma aporia ontológica contida na suposição da realidade do nãoser e que, esta paradoxal realidade aponta, a partir do testemunho de Aristóteles, para o diálogo 'Timeu', no qual Platão parece avançar nessa mesma aporia, ao estabelecer o não-ser como algo, originariamente, indeterminado, um ser noutro sentido, uma espécie de receptáculo que abriga em si todas as coisas que vem a ser, dando-Ihes morada temporária. Dessa perspectiva, o suposto dogmatismo platônico estaria acolhendo a possibilidade de algo impensável no ser, enquanto totalidade do que é. No extremo, a pesquisa sugere que Platão, no 'Timeu', reconhece que a inteligência tenha sido forçada a admitir, através do conceito de chôra, o ininteligível, o mistério do ser
Abstract: This work deals with the problem of non-being in Plato's ontology based on the dialogues in the 'Republie', V (475dl-480a13) and the 'Timaeus' (47 e3 - 52 d4). In relation to the passage in the 'Republie', it presents an examination of the ethie-politieal meaning - eharaeterizes the philosopher as the one able to govern the eity that was funded in rational arguments - as well as the its epistemologieal meaning -deseribe the being and the appearance, that is to say, to determine the science and the opinion. However, the ontologieal meaning of the reality of the non-being, whieh is established in this passage, doesn't seem evident. The researeh shows that there is an ontologieal aporia in the supposition of the reality of the non-being and that this paradoxal reality, based on Aristotle, points to the dialogue 'Timaeus' in whieh Plato seems to advanee in the same aporia when he identifies the non-being as something originally undetermined, a being in other sense, a sort of reeeiver that shelters in itself all the things that are be, giving them temporary residenee. In this perspeetive, the supposed platonie dogmatism would be aeeepting the possibility of something unthinkable about on the being, while totality of what is. In an extreme, this researeh suggest that Plato, in the 'Timaeus', reeognizes that the intelligenee might have been foreed to admit, through the eoneept of chôra, the unintelligible, the mystery of the being
Doutorado
Historia da Filosofia Antiga
Doutor em Filosofia
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Thorson, Stephanie Malone. "Adam Abell's 'The Roit or Quheill of Tyme' : an edition." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2628.
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This thesis presents an edition of the complete text of The Roit or Quheill of Tyme a chronicle composed in Scots by the Scottish Franciscan friar Adam Abell during the 1530s. An example of the mediaeval genre of "universal" chronicle, it opens with a retelling of the creation story of Genesis and continues its narrative through biblical, classical Greek and Roman, mediaeval Scottish and European history. The main body of the chronicle ends in 1533, but Abell later added a continuation which follows events to 1537. The edition is based on the unique manuscript preserved in the National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh, NLS MS 1746. An introduction which places the chronicle within not only its social and cultural context in late mediaeval Scotland, but also the contexts of Scottish and international mediaeval historiography, is included. A glossary has also been appended to provide guidance with vocabulary. The Roit or Quheill of TyLne, which has never before been edited in full, is significant for a number of reasons. It is the last surviving Scottish chronicle composed before the Reformation, and provides an eyewitness narrative of the reigns of James III, James IV and James V. Furthermore, it is one of the very few examples of Franciscan secular historical writing which survive from mediaeval Europe, and is therefore an international rarity. Although much about Abell himself is obscure, the variety of materials quoted within the chronicle and his awareness of contemporary events provide insights into the education of, and resources available to, an ordinary Scottish religious in the early sixteenth century.
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CARPENTIER, RIOU ANNE-MARIE. "Dix cas de polyarthrite rhumatoide non dr1 non dr4." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M233.
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Dubuisson, Agathe. "Génération et caractérisation de nouveaux anticorps anti-DR4 et anti-DR5." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCI005/document.
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Le développement d'anticorps thérapeutiques a suscité beaucoup d'intérêt au cours des dernières décennies. Plus de 30 d'entre eux ont été approuvés et sont utilisés pour traiter des patients atteints de cancer. Les récepteurs agonistes de TRAIL (DR4 ou DR5) sont surexprimés par les cellules tumorales et capables de déclencher leur mort. Ils représentent donc des cibles idéales. Malgré des résultats encourageants, la plupart des essais cliniques basés sur des anticorps monoclonaux ciblants DR4 ou DR5 ont été interrompus. Cependant, les connaissances actuelles ouvrent des perspectives thérapeutiques de choix pour l'utilisation de tels anticorps en oncologie. Afin de développer de nouveaux anticorps anti-DR4 et anti-DR5 reconnaissant sélectivement les protéines natives d’intérêt, et doués de propriétés antitumorales, nous avons opté pour une approche d'immunisation génétique basée sur des injections hydrodynamiques d'ADN complémentaire. Cette approche nous a permis d'obtenir des réponses humorales significatives, et après fusions des rates correspondantes, de générer 21 anticorps monoclonaux capables de reconnaître spécifiquement et avec une très grande affinité les récepteurs DR4 ou DR5, sous leurs formes natives. Parmi ces anticorps monoclonaux, deux sont doués de propriétés pro-apoptotiques, et quatre sont capables d'accroitre le potentiel pro-apoptotique du ligand TRAIL. Les propriétés antitumorales de l'anticorps anti-DR4 le plus puissant, l’AcM-C#16, ont également été validées in-vivo dans des modèles de xénogreffes.L'ensemble de ce travail démontre, et ce pour la première fois, que la méthode d'immunisation ADN par injection hydrodynamique peut être utilisée pour générer des anticorps monoclonaux thérapeutiques efficaces ciblant des récepteurs de la superfamille du TNF. Au-delà du système TRAIL, cette approche d'immunisation, peu exploitée, pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques en l'adaptant à de nouvelles ciblesDevelopment of therapeutic antibodies has attracted many interests in recent decades. More than 30 of them have been approved and are used to treat cancer patients. TRAIL agonist receptors (DR4 or DR5) are overexpressed by the tumour cells and are able to trigger their death. Therefore, they represent ideal targets. Despite encouraging results, most clinical trials based on monoclonal antibodies targeting DR4 or DR5 have been discontinued. However, current knowledge opens therapeutic perspectives of choice for the use of such antibodies in oncology. In order to develop new anti-DR4 and anti-DR5 antibodies recognizing selectively the native form of the proteins of interest, and endowed with antitumor properties, we have chosen to perform a genetic immunization approach based on hydrodynamic injections of complementary DNA. This approach allowed us to obtain significant humoral responses, and after fusions of the corresponding spleens, to generate 21 monoclonal antibodies capable of recognizing specifically and with very high affinity DR4 or DR5 receptors, in their native forms. Of these monoclonal antibodies, two are display pro-apoptotic properties, and four are capable of enhancing TRAIL pro-apoptotic potential. The antitumor properties of the most potent anti-DR4 antibody, mAb-C16, have also been validated using in-vivo xenografts models.Altogether this work demonstrates, for the first time, that the DNA immunization hydrodynamic injection method can be used to generate therapeutically effective monoclonal antibodies targeting TNF superfamily receptors. Beyond the TRAIL system, this immunization approach, scarcely exploited, could open new therapeutic perspectives by adapting it to new targets
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Kratochvíl, Tomáš. "D1 Rekonstrukce mostu D1-212 Ostrovačice, příprava realizace stavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372065.
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The diploma thesis deals with preparation and realization of D1 reconstruction of D1-212 bridge in Ostrovačice. It is a motorway bridge that transfers traffic over road II / 386. The reconstruction will demolish the superstructure of bridge with bridge equipment and parts of the abutments and their new construction. The preparation of the project solves the engineering report, the block plan drawing, the financial and time schedule - by objects, the budget SO 201, the study of the implementation of the main construction technologys, the project of the site equipment, the design of the main building machines, the SO 201 time schedule, a desigh of the bill of quantities for structure, technical note for superstructure of a bridge and control and test plans. Part of the preparation of the building is the processing of the emergency plan.
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Ali, Yusuf I. "Design, synthesis and characterisation of tool inhibitors targeting BLM helicase." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/80487/.
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Albaker, Awatif. "Mutational Analysis to Define the Functional Role of the Third Intracellular Loop of D1-Class Dopaminergic Receptors." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35063.
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The third intracellular loop (IL3) and cytoplasmic tail (CT), which are the most divergent regions between human D1-class dopaminergic receptors (hD1R and hD5R), have been implicated in modulating their subtype-specific functional phenotypes. The importance of the IL3 for Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) coupling and specificity has long been acknowledged in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) field. However, the exact role the central region of the IL3, notably the N- and C-terminal moieties, plays in GPCR receptor functionality remains unclear. Studies in our laboratory indicated that the IL3/N-terminal moiety of hD1-class receptors appears to be critical for facilitating agonist-independent and dependent activation of hD1R and hD5R. Furthermore, the IL3/C-terminal portion of hD1-class receptors constrains the receptor in the inactive state and reduces receptor affinity for agonists and G-protein coupling. I put forward the following hypothesis: 1. The functional properties of hD1-class receptors are regulated via a molecular micro-switch present within the IL3 central region modulating the functional properties of the receptor distinctly, 2. The functional differences between D1R and D5R require structural elements from both N- and C-terminal halves of the IL3 central region, and 3. The molecular interplay between the N- and C-terminal halves of the IL3 central region is dependent on the amino acid chain length and content. Herein, I have employed site-directed mutagenesis, and alanine replacement approaches to analyze comprehensively the structural determinants within the N- and C-terminal moieties of the IL3 central region that regulate ligand binding and G-protein coupling properties of hD1-class receptors. Moreover, my Ph.D. research aimed to pinpoint whether the IL3 length and/or structural motif(s) regulate ligand binding and activation properties of hD1R and hD5R. The results of my study highlight the importance of structural elements from both the proximal and distal segments of the IL3/central region of hD1-class receptors for the ligand binding and receptor activation status. Additionally, my results underline the significance of preserving the length of the IL3 regardless of the amino acid content. This study also shows the pivotal role played by a phenylalanine residue, F2646.27, in the signaling properties of hD1R. Notably, mutating F2646.27 leads to a mutant hD1R with characteristics resembling those of constitutively active mutant GPCRs. Unraveling the amino acid/amino acids constraining the receptor in the inactive state will perhaps provide an attractive target for drug design. Future work aims at developing drugs that particularly bind to the intracellular face of hD1R and improving selectivity towards hD1R may prove useful in limiting the side effects associated with the conventional therapy of brain disorders such as in the case of L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID) seen in individuals suffering from Parkinson’s disease.
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Frank, Nicolas [Verfasser]. "d10-Metallkomplexe des p-tert-Butyltetramercaptotetrathiacalix[4]arens / Nicolas Frank." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219507644/34.
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Smith, Mark Andrew. "Electron transport components of the D12 desaturase in developing oilseed." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317150.
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Ru, Zhitao. "Creating and use of an new experimental preclinical HLA transgenic mice model to mapping HLA-restricted T cells epitopes for polyepitopes vaccine design." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714984.
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A new homozygous humanized HLA transgenic mouse strain, HLA-A2.1+/+HLA-DP4+/+hCD4+/+mCD4-/-IAβ-/-β2m-/- (HLA-A2/DP4), was obtained by crossing the HLA transgenic HLA-A2.1+/+β2m-/-(A2) mice and HLA transgenic HLA-DP4+/+hCD4+/+mCD4-/-IAβ-/-(DP4) mice. In HLA-A2/DP4 mice, HLA-A2 restricted or HLA-DP4 restricted T cell responses against HBs antigen of hepatitis B virus after immunization with the HBsAg vaccine are similar to those induced in A2 mice, in DP4 mice, in HBV-infected or HBsAg-vaccinated humans. These results show that cellular responses induced in HLA-A2/DP4 mice faithfully mimic human responses counterparts. Thus, these mice represent an excellent animal model for preclinical experimentations to evaluate or compare the effectiveness of responses "human" induced in vivo by candidate vaccines. The model will also facilitate the identification of new epitopes HLA-A2 and HLA-DP4 restricted, which will be of future reactive for clinical monitoring response against infection in humans. By exploiting these HLA-A2/DP4 mice, we identified four new HLA-DP4-restricted epitopes from HBsAg and two new HLA-A2 restricted epitopes derived from protein M1.
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Kist, Sharon E. "Correlates of pet-keeping in residence halls on college student adjustment at a small, private, midwestern college." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://edt.missouri.edu/Spring2009/Dissertation/KistS-050809-D154/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "May 2009" Includes bibliographical references.
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Savoye, Christine. "Approche génétique de la schizophrénie et de la psychose maniaco-dépressive : étude des gènes des récepteurs dopaminergiques D1, D2, D3, D4 et sérotoninergique 5HT1A en Normandie." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN3110.
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Sommer, Stephan. "Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen von Iodo-d10-metallaten (I) mit chiralen Kationen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2001/1/index.html.
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Urban, Victoria. "Synthesen und Strukturuntersuchungen von Cyano- und Thiocyanato-halogeno-d10-metallaten(I)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2001/26/index.html.
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Matouš, Petr. "Ekodukt na dálnici D1." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227152.
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The master’s thesis focuses on suitable design of an ecoduct on the highway D1 near Jihlava. It includes a structural analysis of reinforced concrete strip footings and wooden beams in all phases of construction. The material of the main bearing system is glued laminated timber GL24h. An important part of three-jointed ecoduct wooden arched beams is well-chosen isolation.
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Karel, Ondřej. "Most přes dálnici D1." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240292.
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Diploma thesis is focused on design of road bridge bearing structure over a D1 highway. Structure is continuous slab with 4 fields beared by local supports. It is prestressed in longitudinal direction. Internal forces are calculated in Scia Engineer software. Reference is made according to valid standarts.
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Muller, Emilie. "Le métabolisme du dichlorométhane chez Methylobacterium extorquens DM4 : génomique fonctionnelle et physiologie." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2011/MULLER_Emilie_2011_ED414.pdf.
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La souche Methylobacterium extorquens DM4 peut utiliser le dichlorométhane (DCM), un solvant chloré monocarboné toxique, comme substrat de croissance. L’enzyme-clé de ce métabolisme, une DCM déshalogénase (DcmA), catalyse la déchloration du DCM en formaldéhyde, un intermédiaire génotoxique du métabolisme méthylotrophe bactérien. Des travaux antérieurs ont montré que l’apport en trans du gène dcmA ne confère pas à une souche non-déchlorante du genre Methylobacterium la capacité d’utiliser le DCM pour se développer. Afin de mettre en évidence les bases moléculaires de l’adaptation au DCM, le criblage d’une banque de mutants et une étude de protéomique comparative en conditions méthylotrophes déchlorante ou non-déchlorante ont été effectués chez la souche DM4, dont le génome a été analysé au cours de ce travail. Des 59 déterminants génétiques identifiés expérimentalement, 40% définissent 7 clusters spécifiques de la réponse au DCM. L’un d’eux, une région de 5,5 kb très conservée, nommée «dcm islet» et portant les gènes dcmRABC, est nichée dans des ilots génomiques différents chez les 2 souches DCM-dégradantes dont le génome a été séquencé. Les autres loci identifiés sont communs aux 8 génomes séquencés du genre Methylobacterium. Cette participation importante du «core genome» dans la réponse au DCM implique notamment le transporteur Cli (Cl-induit), la réponse générale au stress, des ajustements du métabolisme méthylotrophe et des propriétés de surface. La caractérisation fonctionnelle de ces gènes sera poursuivie au laboratoire, avec en plus un objectif appliqué de recherche de biomarqueurs pour l’amélioration des méthodes d’abattement du DCM d’effluents gazeux industrielsMethylobacterium extorquens strain DM4 can use dichloromethane (DCM), a toxic one-carbon chlorinated solvent, as growth substrate. The key enzyme of this metabolism, a DCM dehalogenase (DcmA), catalyses the dechlorination of DCM into formaldehyde, a genotoxic intermediate of bacterial methylotrophic metabolism. However, it was demonstrated that providing a functional dcmA gene in trans to a non-dechlorinating methylotrophic bacterium of the Methylobacterium genus is not sufficient to give it the ability to grow with DCM. The molecular basis of the adaptation to DCM dehalogenation was investigated in strain DM4, whose genome was analysed during this work, by screening a mutant library and by a comparative proteomics study under methylotrophic dechlorinating and non-dechlorinating growth conditions. A total of 59 genetic determinants of DCM adaptation were experimentally identified, among which about 40% defined 7 DCM-specific gene clusters. One such cluster, a very strongly conserved 5. 5kb region encoding dcmRABC genes and termed “dcm islet”, is embedded in different genomic islands in the 2 DCM-degrading strains of known sequence. The other identified loci are common to the 8 sequenced strains of Methylobacterium. Involvement of the Methylobacterium core genome in DCM adaptation was high and notably involved the Cli (Cl--induced) transporter, the general stress response, as well as adjustments in methylotrophic metabolism and cell surface properties. Functional characterisation of identified genes will be continued in the laboratory and also help define biomarkers for optimisation of contaminant removal of DCM in industrial gaseous effluents using bioremediation
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Ai, Pengfei. "Synthesis and reactivity of metal complexes containing functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for catalytic applications." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF025/document.
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L’objectif de ce travail fut la synthèse de ligands fonctionnels de type N,N'-diphosphanyl-NHC (NHC = carbènes N-hétérocycliques) et l’étude de leur chimie de coordination. La synthèse du nouveau ligand tridentate, stable et rigide, N,N'-diphosphanyl-imidazol-2-ylidene a permis des études expérimentales et théoriques et l’accès à des complexes mono-, di-, tri-, penta-, et hexanucléaires des métaux du groupe 11 (Cu, Ag et Au) originaux et aux propriétés structurales uniques. Les complexes mono- et dinucléaires avec un ou deux atomes de phosphore libres ont permis d’accéder à des complexes hétérotrinucléaires à interactions d10-d10 qui sont luminescents. La transmétallation partielle ou totale des complexes homotrinucléaires de Cu ou d’Ag avec des réactifs contenant du Pd(0) ont conduit à des complexes hétérotrinucléaires à interactions d10-d10. En plus de son comportement pontant, ce ligand peut se agir en chélate dans des complexes du palladium et du chrome. Dans le cas du Cr(III), ils montrent une activité catalytique en oligomérisation de l’éthylène supérieure à celle des complexes du Cr(II) et conduisent principalement à des oligomèresThe purpose of this work was the synthesis of N,N'-diphosphanyl-functionalized NHC ligands andtheir coordination chemistry. The novel stable and rigid tridentate N,N'-diphosphanyl-imidazol-2-ylidene was synthesized and experimental and computational information on its stability weregained. It served as a unique platform for the synthesis of novel mono-, di-, tri-, penta-, hexanuclear complexes with the coinage metals (Cu, Ag and Au), exhibiting rare structural features. The mono- and dinuclear complexes with one or two dangling P-donors provided rational access to heterotrinuclear complexes. All these coinage metal complexes have short metal-metalseparations, indicating the presence of d10-d10 interactions, and display excellent luminescentproperties. Partial or complete transmetallation of the homotrinuclear Cu or Ag complexes withPd(0) precursors led to hetero-trinuclear complexes with d10-d10 interactions. In addition to itsbridging behavior, this ligand also showed its chelating behavior in Pd or Cr(III) complexes. Thelatter displayed superior performance in ethylene oligomerization than the Cr(II) complexes andgave mostly oligomers
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Tata, Anne-Gret [Verfasser]. "Effects of cysteine mutations in the S4-S5 linkers from domains D1 to D4 on the fast inactivation of the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.4 / Anne-Gret Tata." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043262288/34.
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Dye, Tracy Earl. "An experimental investigation of the behavior of Nitinol." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45048.
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Shape memory alloys (SMA) have the unique ability to recover large strains and generate large recovery stresses via a repeatable martensitic transformation. Stress-strain and shape memory effect characteristics are needed in order to develop SMA force actuator design methods. Moreover, constitutive models able to quantitatively predict these characteristics and thus be useful as engineering design tools are also needed.
An experimental apparatus designed to characterize the mechanical behavior of SMA was built and utilized. The apparatus is used specifically to gather stress-strain and shape memory effect characteristics from nitinol wire whereby mechanical properties associated with the material are determined. Phenomena such as the R-phase and stress induced martensite serration are investigated. A one-dimensional constitutive model is presented that quantitatively predicts stress-strain and shape memory effect behavior and was developed with the intention of being an engineering design tool for SMA force actuators. Experimental stress-strain and shape memory effect
results are compared against that predicted by the model with the intention of verifying the model. The model displays the ability to predict stress-strain behavior that is in good quantitative agreement with experiment. The model also displays the ability to predict hysteric shape memory effect behavior for free, controlled, and restrained recovery cases of selected prestrains that is in good quantitative agreement with experiment. The model is unable to predict shape memory effect behavior such as the R-phase. Demonstrating the ability to experimentally investigate a constitutive model will hopefully inspire further combined experimental and theoretical SMA research.Master of Science
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Sacitharan, Pradeep. "Linking ageing and arthritis : the role of the longevity-related SIRT1 molecule in age-related cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cb519867-d184-44ff-b17f-bee1974f430b.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide and is characterised by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage. Ageing is the primary risk factor associated with OA. However, the roles of ageing-related mechanisms in cartilage homeostasis are poorly understood. The class three histone deacetylase, Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT1) has been extensively shown to regulate lifespan in lower organisms and signalling pathways linked to mammalian ageing. My thesis explores the role of Sirtuin 1 in cartilage homeostasis and OA. I used in vitro experiments with chondrocyte cell lines, human clinical samples, novel genetically modified cartilage specific and whole body SIRT1 deficient mice alongside molecular biological tools to investigate my research questions. Human OA cartilage showed decreased SIRT1 compared to healthy cartilage. Mice with cartilage-specific SIRT1 deletion showed greater cartilage degradation during ageing and in an experimental OA model. In vitro and in vivo studies showed SIRT1 to directly regulate autophagy in chondrocytes. More importantly, the activation of autophagy using spermidine protected against experimental OA in wild-type mice but not in cartilage-specific SIRT1 deficient mice. In addition, my data revealed whole body SIRT1 deficient mice had increased early joint inflammation in repose to injury but displayed less cartilage loss over time in an experimental OA model. Together I have shown that SIRT1 declines with age and contributes to OA due to dysregulated autophagy. However, chronic low grade inflammation caused by SIRT1 loss was protective. My data suggest these pathways can be targeted to treat OA.
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Starikoff, Karina Ramirez. "Inativação de Mycobacterium bovis durante a cura de queijo: definição de protocolo de estudo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-08032012-134518/.
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A legislação permite o uso de leite cru para fabricar queijos com maturação superior a 60 dias em temperatura acima de 5°C, mas falta comprovação científica sólida sobre a eficácia desse processo quanto à inativação de importantes patógenos que podem estar presentes no leite, como o Mycobacterium bovis; além disso, não há metodologia oficial para pesquisa deste agente em alimentos. Desta forma, este trabalho se propôs a estabelecer um protocolo para estudar a curva de inativação do Mycobacterium bovis durante a cura do queijo. Foram fabricadas três partidas de queijo do tipo parmesão com leite pasteurizado e contaminado com uma cepa de Mycobacterium bovis isolada de bovinos abatidos no estado de São Paulo. O queijo foi curado a 18°C e analisado semanalmente até o 63ºdia. As amostras foram submetidas à diluição decimal seriada, semeadas em duplicata em meio Stonebrink-Leslie, acrescido de antibióticos, e incubadas a 37°C por 45 dias. Os resultados de um queijo foram perdidos por contaminação por fungos. O valor D18°C médio, ponderado pelas incertezas, foi de 37,5 dias ± 5,3 dias. Esse resultado indica a necessidade de outros estudos para ampliar o número de queijos estudados e obter, portanto, um resultado mais representativo do efeito da cura sobre o decaimento da população de M. bovis. Há também necessidade de melhorar o poder inibitório do meio de cultura para evitar perdas devido ao crescimento de fungos.The legislation that regulates the specific conditions for the consumption of food allows the use of raw milk to produce cheese matured over 60 days at temperatures above 5°C; however, the effectiveness of this process in the inactivation of important pathogens that may be present in milk, such as Mycobacterium bovis, lacks solid scientific evidence. In addition, there is no official methodology for the research of this pathogen in foods. Considering that context, this study proposes to establish a protocol to study the inactivation curve of Mycobacterium bovis during cheese curing. Three matches were made with parmesan cheese and pasteurized milk contaminated with a strain of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from cattle slaughtered in the state of São Paulo. The cheese was cured at 18°C and analyzed weekly until the 63th day. The samples were submitted to decimal serial dilution, plated in duplicate in the Middle Stonebrink-Leslie, plus antibiotics, and incubated at 37° C for 45 days. The results of a single cheese were lost to fungal contamination. The value D 18°C average, weighted by the uncertainties, was 37.5 days ±5.3 days. This result indicates the need for further studies to expand the number of cheeses studied and to therefore obtain a more representative result of the effect of healing on the decay of the population of M. bovis. There is also the need to improve the inhibiting power of the culture medium to avoid losses due to fungal growth.
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Harmsen, Jörg. "Chemisch dotiertes und elektronenbestrahltes 1-Butanol-d10 als polarisiertes Target für teilchenphysikalische Experimente." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964363100.
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Palla, Veladri. "Heterometallic Interactions of d8-d10 Metal Ions in the Presence of +2 Cations." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PallaV2007.pdf.
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Rohwer, Egmont Johann. "Ultrafast photodynamics of ZnO solar cells sensitized with the organic indoline derivative D149." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86444.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The initial charge transfer from dye molecules' excited states to the conduction band of a semiconductor, after absorption of visible light by the former, is critical to the performance of Dye sensitized Solar Cells (DSC). In a ZnO-based DSC sensitized by the organic indoline derivative D149, the dynamics associated with charge transfer are investigated with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The time-resolved measurement of the photo-initiated processes reveal electron transfer rates corresponding to excited state lifetimes of 100s of fs, consistent with previously measured high absorbed photon to current conversion efficiencies. The photo-electrode measured as an isolated system shows decay times of bound electrons in excited states of the dye to be ~150 fs and shows the subsequent emergence of absorption bands of the oxidized molecules. When the I-/I-3 redox couple is added to the system, these excited state lifetimes change and are found to be dependent on the cation in the electrolytic solution. Small cations like Li+ reduce the excited state lifetime to sub-100 fs, whilst larger cations like the organic tetrabutylammonium result in longer lifetimes of 240 fs. The action of the electrolyte can be observed by the reduced lifetime of the oxidized dye molecules' absorption bands. The effect of operating parameters and changes in the production protocol of the DSC on the primary charge injection are also investigated and reported on.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanvanklike ladingsoordrag vanuit kleurstofmolekules' opgewekte toestande tot in die leidingsband van 'n halfgeleier, na absorpsie van sigbare lig deur eersgenoemde, is van kritiese belang vir die uitset van halfgeleier-gebaseerde sonkragselle wat met kleurstowwe vir absorpsie verhoging, gebind is. In hierdie werk word hierdie proses en verwante fotodinamika in die geval van 'n ZnO sonkragsel gekleur met indolien D149 ondersoek d.m.v femtosekonde-tydopgelosde absorpsiespektroskopie. Hierdie metings onthul elektron-oordragstempos wat ooreenstem met lewenstye van opgewekte toestande in die orde van 100 fs. Hierdie is met voorheen-bepaalde hoë foton-tot-stroom omskakelingsdoeltreffendheid ooreenkomstig. Die foto-elektrode, as geïsoleerde sisteem beskou, toon afvalstye van gebonde elektrone in opgewekte toestande van ~150 fs, en die gevolglike opkoms van absorpsie deur geoksideerde molekules word waargeneem. As die I-/I-3 redoks oplossing tot die sisteem bygevoeg word, verander die opgewekte toestande se afvalstye en toon 'n katioon-afhanklikheid. Klein katioone soos Li+ verkort die afvalstye tot onder 100 fs, terwyl groter katioone soos die organiese tetra-butielammonium langer afvalstye (240 fs) tot gevolg het. Die werking van die elektrolitiese oplossing kan waargeneem word deur die verkorte lewenstyd van die absorpsiebande wat aan die geoksideerde molekules toegeken is. Die uitwerking van operasionele parameter asook veranderinge in die produksie protokol op die primêre ladingsoordrag word ondersoek en verslag daarop word gelewer.
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Smith, Mark Andrew. "R. sphaeroides DMSOR : role of D145 and global cellular effects of W substitution." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430516.
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Arce, Darleine. "D1 antagonist & [delta] FosB." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/2181924.
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Thesis (Honors paper)--Florida State University, 2010.On t.p. "[delta]" is represented by the Greek letter for delta. Advisor: Dr. Elaine M. Hull, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references.
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Canovas, Impuesto Pedro Miguel. "Photoinhibition and D1-protein dynamics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362345.
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Tometzki, G. B. "d1-Progesterone : A total synthesis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374578.
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李維傑 and Wai-kit Lee. "Syntheses, photophysics and photochemistry of polynuclear d10 complexes of copper(I) and gold(I)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234264.
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Lee, Wai-kit. "Syntheses, photophysics and photochemistry of polynuclear d10 complexes of copper(I) and gold(I) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665589.
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Contesini, Fabiano Jares. "Caracterização e imobilização da glicosiltransferase de Erwinia sp. D12 que converte sacarose em isomaltulose." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254332.
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Orientador: Helia Harumi SatoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A isomaltulose é um dissacarídeo redutor, isômero da sacarose, com propriedades interessantes para a indústria de alimentos. Este açúcar apresenta propriedades similares às da sacarose, entretanto, apresenta baixo potencial cariogênico e baixo índice glicêmico. A isomaltulose é produzida industrialmente através da conversão enzimática da sacarose pela enzima glicosiltransferase produzida por certas linhagens de bactérias, como Protoaminobacter rubrum e Erwinia rhapontici. Este trabalho teve por objetivo purificar e caracterizar a glicosiltransferase produzida pela Erwinia sp. D12 e imobilizar a glicosiltransferase bruta em Celite e pectina de baixo teor de metoxilas (BTM). A glicosiltransferase foi purificada por cromatografia em coluna de troca catiônica SP-Sepharose Fast Flow, obtendo-se duas frações com atividade de glicosiltransferase. A enzima da fração n° 17 foi purificada cerca de 17,9 vezes, e a massa molecular foi estimada em 65 kDa, por SDS-PAGE. A glicosiltransferase bruta e as frações purificadas apresentaram atividade ótima em pH de 6,0 a 6,5 e em temperatura de 30 a 35°C e estabilidade na faixa de pH de 5,0 a 7,0 e em temperaturas inferiores a 30°C, sendo que as frações purificadas apresentaram menor estabilidade. As condições ótimas de imobilização da glicosiltransferase bruta em Celite foram pH 4,0 para adsorção da enzima no suporte, e quantidade de enzima de 1700 U. A glicosiltransferase bruta imobilizada em Celite, em processo de batelada e em coluna de leito empacotado, converteu cerca de 50% de sacarose em isomaltulose, porém a conversão diminuiu com o tempo. O tratamento da glicosiltransferase imobilizada em Celite com 0,1% de glutaraldeído não resultou em aumento da retenção e estabilidade da enzima. A glicosiltransferase imobilizada em gel de pectina BTM com adição de gordura manteve maior atividade de glicosiltransferase que as preparações de enzima imobilizada sem gordura e liofilizadas. Quando essa preparação foi aplicada em processo de batelada foi observada conversão inicial em torno de 30% com queda gradativa nas posteriores bateladas. Em colunas de leito empacotado foi observada conversão de sacarose em isomaltulose máxima de 10,5% em 2 horas, sendo que após 60 horas foi igual a 3%
Abstract: Isomaltulose is a reducing disaccharide and an isomer of sucrose. Because of its properties it is interesting for application in the food industry. This sugar shows similar properties to sucrose, but it has low cariogenic potential and low glycemic index. Industrially, isomaltulose is produced by conversion of sucrose using glucosyltransferase. This enzyme is produced by few bacterial strains such as Protoaminobacter rubrum and Erwinia rhapontici. The aims of this research were the purification and characterization of glucosyltransferase produced by Erwinia sp. D12 and the immobilization of the crude enzyme in Celite and low-metoxyl pectin. The glucosyltransferase was purified using cationic exchange column of SPSepharose Fast Flow and it was obtained two fractions with glucosyltransferase activity. The enzyme found in 17th fraction was purified 17.9-fold, and showed a molecular mass of 65 kDa, by SDS-PAGE. The crude glucosyltransferase and the purified fractions showed optimum activity in pH of 6.0 ¿ 6.5 and 30 ¿ 35°C and stability in pH 5.0 to 7.0 and under 30°C, and the purified preparation was less stable than the crude enzyme. The optimum condition of the immobilization of crude glucosyltransferase was using pH 4.0 for the adsorption of the enzyme into the support, and amount of enzyme of 1700 U. The glucosyltransferase immobilized on Celite was applied to the conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose in a batch system and packed-bed reactor. A conversion rate of 50% was observed, but this decreased over a period of hours. The treatment of the immobilized glucosyltransferase on Celite, with 0.1% glutharaldehyde did not increase the stability of the enzyme. The immobilization of crude glucosyltransferase in lowmetoxyl pectin with a fat addition, presented a higher activity when compared to microcapsules without fat or freeze dried. When this preparation was applied to the conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose, in a batch system, it was observed an initial conversion rate of 30%. However this value decreased in further batches. In the packed-bed reactors, the highest conversion value of sucrose to isomaltulose was 10.5% in 2 hours, but after 60 hours the conversion was 3%
Mestrado
Bioquimica de Alimentos
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
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Poitrasson-Rivière, Maud. "Cellules T DC4+ FOXP3+ régulatrices et tolérance des lymphocytes T CD8+ à la périphérie." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T008.
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La première partie de ce travail nous a permis de montrer, dans un modèle de souris original, que les cellules T CD4+ régulatrices jouent un rôle important et direct dans la prévention de l'autoimmunité causée par les lymphocytes T CD8+ périphériques. Nous proposons que les cellules T CD4+ Foxp3+ régulatrices induisent l'apparition à la périphérie de lymphocytes T CD8+ régulateurs qui régulent à leur tour les lymphocytes T CD8+ conventionnels. La seconde partie de ce travail suggère fortement que des événements de reconnaissance du soi sont requis pour contrôler les lymphocytes T effecteurs autoréactifs et potentiellement pathogéniques. L'autoréactivité serait donc nécessaire à son propre contrôleThe first part of this work showed, in an original mice model, that regulatory CD4+ T cells play an important role in preventing peripheral CD8+ T cell-mediated autoimmunity. We suggest that regulatory CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells induce the generation at the periphery of regulatory CD8+ T cells that can then regulate conventional CD8+ T cells activity. The second part of this work suggests strongly that self-recognition events are required to control autoreactive, potentially pathogenic, conventional T cells. Autoreactivity would thus be necessary for its own control
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Pereira, Renan Augusto. "Expressão de ciclina D1 em adenocarcinoma de próstata utilizando a técnica de imunohistoquímica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-11062013-075728/.
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O câncer de próstata é o tumor maligno mais freqüente nos homens com idade superior a 50 anos, excetuando-se os tumores cutâneos. No Brasil estima-se para o ano de 2012 cerca de 60.180 casos novos deste tipo de neoplasia. Os marcadores tumorais permitem fazer o rastreamento do câncer, o diagnóstico diferencial entre uma neoplasia benigna e maligna, a avaliação de prognóstico e o acompanhamento terapêutico, assim como a detecção da recidiva tumoral. Dentre estes marcadores tumorais, tem-se dado muito atenção para as proteínas que mediam e participam da progressão do ciclo celular. A ciclina D1 é uma proteína nuclear de vida curta que é destruída pela via da ubiquitina ATP dependente, e está envolvida na transição celular da fase do ciclo G1 (repouso) para a fase S (síntese) tanto em células normais como em células neoplásicas. A super expressão de ciclina D1 remove a regulação normal do ciclo celular causando proliferação celular descontrolada, um crescimento anormal dos tecidos e a transformação para um fenótipo neoplásico, atuando como oncogene. No presente trabalho foi estudado a expressão de ciclina D1 em adenocarcinomas de próstata, tendo como objetivo avaliar a relação desta proteína com parâmetros epidemiológicos, clínicos e histopatológicos. Adicionalmente também foi feita comparação de escore de Gleason e lateralidade tumoral entre biópsias prostáticas com agulha e de prostatectomias radicais. No ensaio para ciclina D1 foram analisados 85 casos através de imunoistoquímica (IHQ) de material proveniente de prostatectomias radicais diagnosticados com adenocarcinoma de próstata entre os anos de 2005 e 2010 em nosso serviço. O método de avaliação se utilizou de microscopia ótica comum e contagem semi-quantitativa, comparado-se a expressão com achados clínicos, epidemiológicos e histopatológicos utilizando-se Teste T de Fisher, Qui Quadrado, Mann-Whitney, Curva ROC e correlação de Spearman. Os resultados demonstraram correlação positiva de ciclina D1 com escore de Gleason (p<0,05), com volume prostático (p=0,01) e uma tendência a correlação positiva com invasão perineural (p=0,07). Não houve correlação estatística entre ciclina D1 e o aumento de PSA, assim como outros achados histopatológicos. As biópsias prostáticas com agulha apresentaram subestimação em 40% dos casos para escore de Gleason e de 62,3% dos casos para lateralidade tumoral quando comparadas a prostatectomia radical. Já que as taxas de subestimação de escore de Gleason e lateralidade tumoral são relativamente altas e visto a urgência em se padronizar novos biomarcadores para o câncer prostático, sugerimos que ciclina D1 pode ser utilizada como biomarcador em patologia cirúrgica da próstata auxiliando numa gradação histológica mais precisa em biópsias com agulha colaborando para melhor vigilância e escolha terapêutica.Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor in men older than 50 years, except for skin tumors. In Brazil it is estimated for the year 2012 about 60,180 new cases of this type of neoplasm. Tumor markers allow to cancer screening, differential diagnosis between a benign and malignant, assessment of prognosis and therapeutic monitoring, and detection of tumor recurrence. Among these tumor markers, has been given much attention for proteins that mediate and participate in cell cycle progression. Cyclin D1 is a short-lived nuclear protein that is destroyed by the ATP ubiquitin dependent pathway, and is involved in the transition of cell cycle G1 phase (resting) to the S phase (synthesis) cells both in normal and neoplastic cells. The overexpression of cyclin D1 removes the normal regulation of cell cycle causing uncontrolled cell proliferation, abnormal growth of tissues and transformation to a neoplastic phenotype, acting as an oncogene. In the present work we studied the expression of cyclin D1 in prostate adenocarcinomas, and to evaluate the relationship of this protein with epidemiologic factors, clinical and histopathological features. Additionally comparison was also made of Gleason score and laterality between tumor biopsies and prostate needle radical prostatectomies. In the assay for cyclin D1 were 85 cases analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of material from radical prostatectomies diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma between the years 2005 and 2010 at our institution. The evaluation method utilized were light microscopy and semi-quantitative score, comparing the cyclin D1 expression with clinical, epidemiological and histopathological features using Fisher\'s exact test, chi square test, Mann-Whitney test, ROC curve and Spearman correlation. The results showed a positive correlation of cyclin D1 with Gleason score (p <0.05), prostate volume (p = 0.01) and a trend toward positive correlation with perineural invasion (p = 0.07). There was no statistical correlation between cyclin D1 and increased PSA, as well as other histopathologic features. Prostate needle biopsies showed underestimation in 40% of cases for Gleason score and 62.3% of cases for tumor laterality when compared to radical prostatectomy. Since the rates of underestimation of Gleason score and tumor laterality are relatively high and the urgency to standardize new biomarkers for prostate cancer, we suggest that cyclin D1 may be used as biomarkers in surgical pathology of the prostate assisting more accurate histological grading in needle biopsies and collaborating for better surveillance and therapeutic choice.
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Sugars, Jane Mary. "Membrane targeting of human phospholipase D1." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620344.
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Wood, Eleanor Jane. "Phospholipase D1 dynamics in animal cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614780.
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Williams, Jennifer. "Vitamin D4 in mushrooms and yeast." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12248.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityVitamin D deficiency is a pandemic that is now one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency leads to reduced calcium absorption from our diet, which causes hyperparathyroidism. The increase in parathyroid hormone results in a defective mineralization of our skeleton, leading to the development of rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. It also increases bone reabsorption resulting in a decrease in bone mineral density. During the winter months there is decreased or complete absence of the production of vitamin D in the skin; therefore finding natural dietary sources of vitamin D becomes important. Some mushroom species exposed to ultraviolet radiation produce vitamin D2 as well as vitamin D4. The goal of this project was to use high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode ultraviolet absorbance detector to identify which provitamin Ds and vitamin Ds were present in various edible mushrooms species including skiitake (Lentinus edodes), oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus), portabella (Agaricus bisporus), crimini (Agaricus bisporus), and white button (Agaricus bisporus); and the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast). Provitamin Ds and vitamin Ds from the mushroom powder (Monterey Mushroom), mushroom samples, and the yeast sample were extracted with methanol and run on a Zorbax CN column. All the provitamin D samples were analyzed with reverse phase HPLC on a Zorbax ODS column along with standards for provitamin D2 (ergosterol), provitamin D3 (7-dehydrocholesterol), and provitamin D4 (22,23-dihydroergosterol). The collected vitamin D samples were run on a Vydac C18 column along with standards for vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D4. Provitamin D4 and vitamin D4 isolated and collected from the mushroom powder sample were used as standards. Provitamin D4 was identified in every mushroom species as well as the yeast sample. Vitamin D4 was identified in three of the UV irradiated mushroom species including; white button, shiitake and oyster, as well as the yeast sample. Provitamin D3 was identified in a shiitake mushroom. The ultraviolet absorption spectra for compounds identified as vitamin D2, vitamin D4, provitamin D2, provitamin D3 and provitamin D4 in all samples matched the UV absorption spectra of a 5,6-cis-triene of vitamin D and a 5,7-diene of provitamin D standards. These results demonstrate that in addition to vitamin D2, some mushroom species and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can also produce vitamin D4. In addition, shiitake mushrooms contain provitamin D3, and thus has the ability to produce vitamin D3 after exposure to UV radiation. Mushrooms and yeast are therefore a natural dietary source of multiple vitamin Ds.
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David, Sean P. "Studies of genetic influences on nicotine dependence utilising functional neuroimaging." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:37d9fe42-d1a4-4bb4-82d0-88c399be1f86.
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A major contributor to relapse following smoking cessation is nicotine craving triggered by environmental cues, such as the sight of a lighted cigarette. Therefore, three integrated functional neuroimaging studies were conducted to examine the biological mechanisms underling cue-elicited craving for cigarettes. (1) First, I examined the effect of smoking-related pictorial cues on neural activation hi brain regions of interest (ROI) associated with reward signalling using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Voxel-wise analysis demonstrated that smokers, but not nonsmokers, demonstrated significant activation associated with smoking-related pictorial cues in the anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and ventral striatum. Upon ROI analysis of the ventral striatum including the nucleus accumbens (VS/NAc), smokers exhibited significantly greater VS/NAc activation than non-smokers. (2) Next, I examined whether pre-specifled serotonergic polymorphisms would affect binding potential (BP) to a serotonin (5-HT) receptor implicated in the behavioural sensitisation process to nicotine (5-HTiA receptor). Healthy volunteers who had undergone positron emission tomography (PET) with a 5-HTiA-specific ligand [ U C]WAY-100635 were genotyped for the 5-HT1 A -1018 G>C and 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms. Participants carrying the 5-HTTLPR S allele (SS or SL genotypes) demonstrated significantly lower global presynaptic and postsynaptic BP compared to subjects with LL genotypes. (3) Finally, I triangulated the two initial studies to examine whether pre-specified trait (5- HTTLPR genotype) and/or state (smoking vs. abstinence) variables would influence cueelicited activation of the VS/NAc. There was greater activation to smoking-related cues in the VS/NAc of smokers during the smoking condition than the abstinent condition and a significant correlation between tobacco craving and VS/NAc activation in the smoking condition. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was not associated with VS/NAc activation. Power calculations are presented as the basis for future examination of genetic hypotheses. These data have implications for the ultimate goal of enhancing the efficacy of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.
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Lakin, Matthew. "Cameron's conservatisms and the problem of ideology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9c05f047-d134-4009-babb-ce6b986a36c4.
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The central aim of the thesis is to investigate the myriad ideological 'thought-practices' of Cameronism by placing the composition and content of Cameronism in the context of the problem of Thatcherism's legacy. This problem is namely a problem of the gap between intentions and outcomes. The thesis identifies three discreet, but also overlapping, ideological developments that take root in the late 1980s/early 1990s: (1) the steadfast commitment to reducing the size and scope of the central state; (2) the recognition that neo-liberal economics is a necessary but insufficient precondition for the delivery of wider Conservative outcomes; and (3) the rediscovery and commitment to the renewal of civil society as an alternative to state intervention in response to the perceived failures of neo-liberalism. The thesis examines the application of these ideological developments in Cameronism, both in theory and practice. Furthermore, it examines the political-thought practices of Cameronism in the context of the Coalition Government. Finally, the thesis analyses a serious Conservative ideological threat to Cameronite Conservatism, concluding that Cameronism is a distinct, decodable and distinctive Conservatism, which has been quickly eclipsed by other Conservatisms, namely the Conservatism of the New New Right, which is much closer to the Thatcherism that Cameronism was resolutely trying to adjust. British Conservatism has thus come full circle: the market society vision of Thatcherism, which Cameronism was trying to ideologically supplement, has been restored as the best and surest way to achieve the Conservative aim of a limited conception of politics.