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1
GEERS, THOMAS L., and BRADY J. TOOTHAKER. "THIRD-ORDER DOUBLY ASYMPTOTIC APPROXIMATIONS FOR COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS." Journal of Computational Acoustics 08, no. 01 (2000): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x00000078.
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A fully and symmetrically matched, third-order doubly asymptotic computational boundary (DAA3) is presented in both operator and matrix forms. Its performance is then compared with that of other DAA boundaries for the spherical geometry, which admits an exact series solution. Based on stability, accuracy and passivity as performance criteria, DAA3 is found to be superior to all other DAAs formulated to date. However, there are other third-order forms that are nearly as good, and are easier to implement in boundary-element form. The existence of both DAA2 and DAA3 boundaries enables the analyst to assess solution accuracy for a given problem through the comparison of results produced with these higher approximations of different order.
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Yoder, Laura E., John G. Rehm, Hunter R. Smith, et al. "Evaluation of Simulated Shelf-Life Conditions for Food Service Applications on Chicken Tenderloins." Animals 11, no. 7 (2021): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072028.
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The objective of this study was to validate the shelf-life of marinated and frozen chicken tenderloins. Treatments were randomly assigned to the age of the tenderloins post-harvest, days aged (DA): DA4, DA5, DA6, DA7, and DA8. Microbial analyses were used to analyze the growth of aerobic, psychotropic, and lactobacilli bacteria to assess the shelf-life of bulk-packaged chicken tenderloins. Tenderloins were sampled fresh, then vacuum tumbled in a marinade. After marination, the tenderloins were sampled with the remaining tenderloins packaged and frozen (−25 °C). After freezing the chicken tenderloins were slacked in a refrigerated cooler (2.2 °C) for up to 132 h (h) and sampled at 36 h, then every 24 h following. After marination, each treatment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in aerobic and psychotropic counts except DA4. During slacking, no treatment crossed the threshold of 106 CFU/mL (Log 6) set for this study. Though none crossed the threshold, treatments DA4, DA5, and DA6 had significant (p < 0.05) increases in aerobic bacteria after 7 days of age. The psychotropic bacteria continuously grew at each sampling period, with DA4 and DA5 surpassing the other treatments (p < 0.05) at 108 h and 132 h reaching 105 CFU/mL. Every treatment remained below the spoilage threshold, suggesting that this method of storage is suitable for chicken tenderloin shelf-life.
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Sahoo, Monalisha, Laxmipriya Sahoo, Anuj Kumar Rai, et al. "Assessment of Physiological Maturity through Pod and Seed Developmental Pattern in Local Land Races of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 37, no. 3 (2025): 71–79. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2025/v37i35348.
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For assessing physiological maturity through pod and seed developmental patterns in local landraces of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek), a sufficient number of flowers were tagged on the day of anthesis for all the genotypes. Ten fruits were harvested per replication for each genotype of five harvesting stages starting from 7 days after anthesis and at seven-day intervals. The harvested pods and seeds were utilized for the study. Enhancement in pod length, weight, no of seed/pod and 1000 seed weight was noted up to 28 DAA in most of the genotypes. Continuous increase in seed fresh weight was noted up to 28 DAA whereas dry weight continued to increase till 35 DAA in correspondence with loss in moisture. Maximum dry matter accumulation was between 14 DAA-21 DAA. Significant moisture loss was recorded for all genotypes from 21 DAA-35 DAA. The highest germination was achieved at 35 DAA for all genotypes except V1 and V4 for which the highest germination was recorded at 28 DAA. Enhancement in shoot length was up to 35 DAA for all genotypes whereas for root length it was till 28 DAA for most of the genotypes. Vigour Index 1 was noted to be constantly enhanced with progress in development up to 35 DAA for most of the genotypes whereas an increase in vigour index II was 28 DAA except V5. Germination and vigor index decreased after 28 DAA in 2 genotypes and 35 DAA for 3 genotypes indicating attainment of physiological maturity between 28-35 DAA.
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Pietrzak, J. R. T., D. B. Geldenhuys, N. Sikhauli, J. N. Cakic, and L. Mokete. "Current perspectives of south african orthopaedic surgeons to the direct anterior approach in total hip arthroplasty." East African Orthopaedic Journal 18, no. 1 (2024): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eaoj.v18i1.4.
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Background: Despite the global increase in popularity for the use of the Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) for Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA), the current beliefs and reasons for its use and disuse amongst South African orthopaedic surgeons is not well understood. Objective: To determine the perspectives regarding DAA compared to other surgical approaches to THA. Methods: We conducted an anonymous online survey sent to all current members of the South African Orthopedic Association (SAOA). Results: The response rate was 24.25% (n=194). There were 76 (39.18%) respondents that have performed DAA (DAA Performers) and 118 (60.82%) that have never performed DAA (DAA nonperformers). A proportion of 50% and 11.84% of DAA performers were between 30 to 45 years and older than 60 years of age, respectively (p<0.000). The DAA is the preferred approach to THA for 36.84% (n=28) of DAA performers, whilst 63.16% (n=48) prefer an alternative approach. Both DAA performers who prefer DAA and those who prefer alternative approaches consider DAA more satisfactory for length of hospital stay (p<0.000) and short-term functional outcomes (p=0.002) compared to other surgical approaches. For DAA non-performers, the primary reasons for not performing DAA THA were inexperience in surgical technique (72.09%), increased operative time (12.79%), unsatisfactory outcomes (27.91%) and learning curve (67.44%). There were 5 (18.52%) and 30 (70.33%) surgeons who have been in clinical practice for more than 10 years that do and do not intend to use DAA in the future, respectively (p<0.000). Conclusion: The trends of the adoption of the DAA by South African orthopaedic surgeons show increasing popularity, similar to patterns seen in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Younger surgeons are more likely to perform the DAA THA whilst more experienced surgeons are less likely to deviate from their current standard of practice.
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Iranpour, Nima, Gregory J. Dore, Marianne Martinello, Gail V. Matthews, Jason Grebely, and Behzad Hajarizadeh. "Estimated uptake of hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral treatment among individuals with HIV co-infection in Australia: a retrospective cohort study." Sexual Health 17, no. 3 (2020): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh19101.
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Background Unrestricted access to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been available in Australia since March 2016. Individuals with HIV–HCV co-infection are at a greater risk of liver fibrosis progression. This study estimated DAA treatment uptake among individuals with HIV–HCV co-infection, during the first year of DAA treatment access in Australia. Methods: Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) data on dispensed DAA and antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescriptions from March 2016 to March 2017 were used for analysis. Results: During March 2016 to March 2017, a total of 935 individuals with HIV–HCV co-infection were receiving ART and initiated DAA treatment, with 93% to 97% completing their prescribed course. Estimated DAA treatment uptake in the HIV–HCV-infected population was 41% (935/2290). Most were men (94%). Median age was 50 years. DAA treatment was initiated by specialists in 64% of cases (n = 602), and by general practitioners (GPs) in 25% of cases (n = 238). The proportion of individuals initiated on DAA by GPs increased from 20% in March–April 2016 to 26% in January–March 2017. Most specialists (77%) and GPs (72%) initiated DAA treatment for one to three patients. Among individuals initiated on DAA by GPs, 68% received their ART prescription from the same GP. Conclusions: A high level of DAA treatment uptake and completion was observed among individuals with HIV–HCV co-infection during the first year of DAA treatment access. The proportion of individuals prescribed DAA by GPs increased over time; this is important for broadened access.
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Gao, Zhan, Zhihao Yu, Xiaoli Zhang, et al. "Exploration on Optimized Control Way of D-Amino Acid for Efficiently Mitigating Membrane Biofouling of Membrane Bioreactor." Membranes 11, no. 8 (2021): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080612.
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The thorny issue of membrane biofouling in membrane bioreactors (MBR) calls for new effective control measures. Herein, D-amino acid (DAA) was employed to mediate MBR membrane biofouling by inhibiting biofilm information and disintegrating formed biofilm. Different DAA control ways involving membrane property, DAA-adding timing, and DAA-control mode were explored through experiments and the multiple linear regression model and the response surface methodology. The optimized DAA control ways were acquired, involving DAA used as an active agent, and the DAA-adding timing of 4 h cultured before running, as well as both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membrane, resulting in an approximately 40.24% decrease in the membrane biofouling rate in comparison with the conventional MBR. DAA is an efficient membrane biofouling mediating approach for MBR under optimized control ways combination and a facile solution for solving membrane biofouling in actual membrane systems.
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Feng, Huang, Xiaohui Bian, Yuru Lan, Yunfei Ling, and Yong jun Qian. "Tetralogy of Fallot with Double Aortic Arch in an 8-Month-Old Girl: A Rare Association." Heart Surgery Forum 23, no. 4 (2020): E507—E509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.2945.
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Double aortic arch (DAA) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly that can be divided into right dominant, left dominant, and balanced DAA according to the relative size of the two arches. The incidence of balanced DAA is only 5% among double arch anomalies. DAA is symptomatic only when it produces symptoms secondary to compression of the trachea or esophagus. DAA is rarely associated with other congenital heart diseases. In this report, we present a rare case of asymptomatic DAA combined with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in an 8-month-old girl.
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Kim, Won-Jin, Woong Kim, Jang-Mi Bae, Jungsoo Gim, and Seok-Jun Kim. "Dehydroabietic Acid Is a Novel Survivin Inhibitor for Gastric Cancer." Plants 10, no. 6 (2021): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061047.
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Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor with a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Nevertheless, anticancer drugs that can be used for gastric cancer treatment are limited. Therefore, it is important to develop targeted anticancer drugs for the treatment of gastric cancer. Dehydroabietic acid (DAA) is a diterpene found in tree pine. Previous studies have demonstrated that DAA inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. However, we did not know how DAA inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through apoptosis. In this study, we attempted to identify the genes that induce cell cycle arrest and cell death, as well as those which are altered by DAA treatment. DAA-regulated genes were screened using RNA-Seq and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis in AGS cells. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the expression of survivin, an apoptosis inhibitor, was significantly reduced by DAA treatment. We also confirmed that DAA decreased survivin expression by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. In addition, the ability of DAA to inhibit survivin was compared to that of YM-155, a known survivin inhibitor. DAA was found to have a stronger inhibitory effect in comparison with YM-155. DAA also caused an increase in cleaved caspase-3, an apoptosis-activating protein. In conclusion, DAA is a potential anticancer agent for gastric cancer that inhibits survivin expression.
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Wangensteen, Rosemary, Manuel Gómez-Guzmán, Inmaculada Banegas, et al. "Vasoconstrictor and Pressor Effects of Des-Aspartate-Angiotensin I in Rat." Biomedicines 10, no. 6 (2022): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061230.
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This study investigated the vasoactive effects of des-aspartate-angiotensin-I (DAA-I) in male Wistar rats on whole body vascular bed, isolated perfused kidneys, and aortic rings. Dose–response curves to DAA-I were compared with those to angiotensin II (Ang II). The Ang II-type-1 (AT1) receptor blocker, losartan, was used to evaluate the role of AT1 receptors in the responses to DAA-I. Studies were also conducted of the responsiveness in aortic rings after endothelium removal, nitric oxide synthase inhibition, or AT2 receptor blockade. DAA-I induced a dose-related systemic pressor response that was shifted to the right compared with Ang II. Losartan markedly attenuated the responsiveness to DAA-I. DAA-I showed a similar pattern in renal vasculature and aortic rings. In aortic rings, removal of endothelium and nitric oxide inhibition increased the sensitivity and maximal response to DAA-I and Ang II. AT2 receptor blockade did not significantly affect the responsiveness to DAA-I. According to these findings, DAA-I increases the systemic blood pressure and vascular tone in conductance and resistance vessels via AT1 receptor activation. This vasoconstrictor effect of DAA-I participates in the homeostatic control of arterial pressure, which can also contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. DAA-I may therefore be a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
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Lin, Shu-Hsien, Kun-Ta Wu, Chih-Chi Wang, et al. "Immune Responses to Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies during Pre-Liver Transplantation Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Recipients Associated with Post-Liver Transplantation Allograft Injury." Antibodies 13, no. 1 (2024): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib13010007.
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Background and Aims: The impact of antibody responses following direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected recipients before and after liver transplantation (LT) is still undetermined. Methods: In this observational cohort study, we aimed to explore the association between changes in anti-HCV antibody titers following pre-LT DAA therapy and allograft injury, including biliary complications (BCs) and acute cellular rejection (ACR). Results: A total of 153 cases were enrolled from January 2015 to February 2021. Serum anti-HCV antibody titers were assessed before and after (day 30) LT. Among all recipients, 31/153 (20.3%) had pre-LT DAA therapy (the DAA group) and 122/153 (79.7%) did not undergo pre-LT DAA therapy (the DAA-naïve group). A higher incidence of post-LT BCs was observed in the DAA group (p = 0.028). Compared with the DAA-naïve group, the DAA group had a significantly higher mean level of anti-HCV titer upregulation (p = 0.0024); furthermore, among the recipients with BCs (n = 28) and ACR (n = 41), those in the DAA group exhibited significantly higher mean levels of anti-HCV antibody titer upregulation (p < 0.005). Conclusions: In conclusion, we speculate that the upregulation of anti-HCV antibody titers, which might have been induced via the restoration of HCV-specific immune responses through pre-LT DAA therapy, was associated with post-LT allograft injury.
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Soethe, Cristina, Cristiano André Steffens, Leonora Mansur Mattos, Nathalie Alcântara Ferreira, and Daiane Michele Mayer. "Postharvest quality and functional compounds in "dedo-de-moça" 'BRS Mari' pepper fruit at different stages of maturity." Ciência Rural 46, no. 8 (2016): 1322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141795.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of "dedo-de-moça" 'BRS Mari' pepper fruits at different maturity stages, and determine the ideal harvest stage for fresh consumption. The pepper plants were grown in the experimental field of Embrapa Hortaliças (Brasília, DF, Brazil) in 2012, and their fruits were evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 days after anthesis (DAA) to determine the soluble solid content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, color (hue angle and lightness), a, b, and total chlorophyll, total phenolic compounds (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and capsanthin. It was observed that SS content increased until 70 DAA, and TA increased until 50 DAA, with decrease at 80 DAA. The a and total chlorophyll decreased until 60 DAA. Values for chlorophyll b were high until 30 DAA, and then decreased. The values for hue angle and lightness decreased until 60 DAA, indicating a change from green to red in fruits external color, with small changes in color from 60 to 80 DAA. The TPC content increased until 60 DAA, and then small increases occurred until 80 DAA. The AA increased as the fruit ripened, and the capsanthin content increased until 70 DAA. These results indicated that the ideal stage for harvest of the "dedo-de-moça" 'BRS Mari' pepper fruits is at 70 days after anthesis, when they also have a full development of red color in the fruit epidermis.
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Jan, Lester S. Montemor, and Jenyliza T. Ucang Dr. "Students' Problem-Solving Skills in Dyadic Alternative Approach." Sarcouncil Journal of Education and Sociology 4, no. 5 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15459970.
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The study examined the effectiveness of dyadic alternative approach (DAA) in teaching Mathematics in Grade 11 HUMSS students of San Andres National High School (SANHS) for the School Year 2022-2023. Specifically, the study sought to: (1) ascertain the level of problem-solving skills of students in mathematics when exposed to DAA and non-DAA in terms of pretest and posttest (2) determine the significant difference in students’ problem-solving skills in Mathematics when exposed to DAA and Non-DAA in terms of pretest and posttest. The study found out that students exposed to DAA have significantly higher level of problem-solving skills as to those exposed to non-DAA in terms of pretest and posttest. There is significant difference found in the students problem-solving skills in Mathematics exposed in both groups
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Khosa, Muhammad Kaleem, Muhammad Asghar Jamal, Rubbia Iqbal, and Mazhar Hamid. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Processable and Flexible Polyimides Containing 3,6-Di(4-carboxyphenyl)pyromellitic Dianhydride." Advances in Chemistry 2014 (September 10, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/759594.
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A series of six novel polyimides containing 3,6-di(4-carboxyphenyl)pyromellitic dianhydride were synthesized via two steps condensation method. Aromatic diamines monomers, 4-(4-aminophenoxy)-N-(4-(4-aminophenoxy)benzylidene)-3-chloroaniline (DA1), 4-(4-amino-3-methylphenoxy)-N-(4-(4-amino-3-methylphenoxy)benzylidene)-3-chloroaniline (DA2), 4-(4-amino-2-methylphenoxy)-N-(4-(4-amino-2-methylphenoxy)benzylidene)-3-chloroaniline (DA3) 4-(4-aminophenoxy)-N-(4-(4-aminophenoxy)benzylidene)-2-methylaniline (DA4), 4-(4-amino-3-methylphenoxy)-N-(4-(4-amino-3-methylphenoxy)benzylidene)-2-methylaniline (DA5), and 4-(4-amino-2-methylphenoxy)-N-(4-(4-amino-2-methylphenoxy)benzylidene)-2-methylaniline (DA6) were prepared and used to synthesize new polyimides by reaction with resynthesized 3,6-di(4-carboxyphenyl)pyromellitic dianhydride by using two-step condensation method. The inherent viscosities of polyimides range from 0.68–1.04 dL gm−1 and were soluble in polar solvents. Polyimides have excellent thermal stability by showing 10% weight loss temperature was above 450°C. Their glass transition temperatures lie in the range of 250–335°C. Wide-angle X-ray diffractometer investigations revealed the amorphous nature of polyimides. Therefore, these polymers can be a potential candidate as processable high performance polymeric materials.
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Westendorf, Johannes, Simla Basar-Maurer, Thomas Hackl, and Edzard Schwedhelm. "Pharmacokinetic of 3H-deacetylasperulosidic acid in mice." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 6, no. 8 (2016): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i8.261.
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Background: An investigation was conducted to determine the fate of the iridoid derivative deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA) after oral application to mice.Methods: DAA was extracted from Morinda citrifolia leaf and purified by preparative HPLC. The identity was verified by MS and NMR spectroscopy. A sample of DAA was radioactively labelled with tritium and applied to mice by gavage. The pharmacokinetic of the radioactivity was investigated in blood, organs, urine and feces. Metabolites were isolated in blood and urine by HPLC and identified by LC-MS. In vitro incubation of DAA with mouse duodenum and liver homogenate and human fecal bacteria was performed and possible metabolites were separated with HPLC.Results: DAA was rapidly absorbed and excreted mainly via the kidneys with a half-life of 30 minutes. Radioactivity was present in all organs with highest concentrations in kidney and liver. Almost 100% of the radioactivity isolated from urine and organs could be identified as unchanged DAA. Additionally, no metabolism could be observed after in vitro incubation of DAA with mouse small intestine or liver homogenate, however, a total breakdown of the molecule was observed after incubation of DAA with human intestinal bacteria.Conclusions:The absorption and excretion of glycosides such as DAA in mammals without hydrolysis is possibly a defense mechanism of animals against the toxicity of these compounds. Key words: Deacetylasperulosidic acid, DAA, tritium label, pharmacokinetic,iridoid, metabolism
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Kim, Eunji, Young-Gyu Kang, Yong-Jin Kim, et al. "Dehydroabietic Acid Suppresses Inflammatory Response Via Suppression of Src-, Syk-, and TAK1-Mediated Pathways." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7 (2019): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071593.
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Dehydroabietic acid (DAA) is a naturally occurring diterpene resin acid derived from coniferous plants such as Pinus and Picea. Various bioactive effects of DAA have been studied including antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DAA remains unclear. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of DAA in macrophage cell lines. Dehydroabietic acid clearly reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and inflammatory gene expression decreased according to RT-PCR results. Dehydroabietic acid displayed anti-inflammatory activity at the transcriptional level in results from NF-κB- or AP-1-mediated luciferase assays. To identify the DAA target protein, we investigated NF-κB and AP-1 pathways by Western blotting analysis. Dehydroabietic acid suppressed the activity of proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase (Src) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in the NF-κB cascade and transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in the AP-1 cascade. Using overexpression strategies, we confirmed that DAA targeted these kinases. Our findings demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanism of DAA. This suggests that DAA has potential as a drug or supplement to ameliorate inflammation.
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Park, Young Joo, Ki Youn Yi, Hyun Young Woo, Jeong Heo, and Geun Am Song. "Risk of HBV reactivation in HBV/HCV-co-infected HCV-treated patients: A single-center study." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0324019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324019.
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients with HBV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection due to direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA) therapy is a growing concern. This study focused on 47 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and positivity for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) who were treated with interferon (IFN)-based therapy, DAA, or DAA after IFN-based therapy failure and followed for a median of 53 months. Here, we aimed to determine HBV reactivation rates and associated factors, the incidence of HBV and liver-related events, and the rate of sustained virologic response (SVR) for HCV. Fifteen (15/47, 31.9%) patients experienced HBV reactivation during or after HCV treatment. This reactivation occurred significantly more frequently in patients who received DAA treatment after IFN-based treatment failure than in those who received IFN-based treatment (IFN-based vs. DAA vs. DAA treatment after IFN-based treatment failure 11.8% vs. 35.3% vs. 53.8%, respectively; p = 0.046). The interval from HCV treatment initiation to HBV reactivation was shortest in the DAA group (4.2 months), followed by the DAA after IFN-based treatment failure group (6.4 months) and the IFN-based treatment group (44.5 months) (p < 0.001). One case of HBV-related hepatitis spontaneously resolved after 4 weeks. The rate of SVR for the entire cohort was 87.2%, with no significant difference in this regard among the IFN-based treated, DAA-treated, and DAA-treated after IFN-based treatment failure arms at 82.4%, 88.2%, and 92.3%, respectively. HBV reactivation in HBsAg-positive CHC patients is more common and occurs earlier in those who receive DAA treatment after IFN-based treatment failure than in those with IFN-based treatment. Therefore, all patients with CHC should be tested for HBV exposure prior to DAA treatment. In addition, HBsAg positive patients, especially those among whom have previously experienced IFN-based treatment failure, should be closely monitored for HBV reactivation during DAA therapy.
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Michienzi, Sarah M., Jiaqi Cai, Cydnee Harris, et al. "356. HIV-HCV Coinfection: An Investigation of CD4 T-Cell Reconstitution after HCV Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.429.
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Abstract Background Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can adversely affect CD4 cell count. Among patients with HIV-HCV coinfection, treatment with HCV direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) may be an opportunity to restore/reconstitute CD4 count. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether DAA treatment results in improved CD4 cell counts in HIV-HCV coinfected patients. Methods A retrospective multicenter cohort study was performed among 4 sites between 11/1/2013–4/12/2018. Patients were included if they were age ≥18 years, infected with both HIV and HCV, and received all-oral DAA therapy. Trained reviewers extracted demographics, comorbidities, receipt of antiretroviral therapy (ART), DAA treatment regimen/duration and HIV/HCV-related lab values, which included CD4, HIV RNA, and HCV RNA. Labs were restricted to the closest values before/after DAA treatment. The primary endpoint was changed in pre-DAA/post-DAA CD4 count. Descriptive statistic and Wilcoxan Signed Rank were used. Results There were 88 patients included. Most (78.4%) identified as male. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 57.1 ± 9.6 years. The proportion of patients with undetectable pretreatment HIV RNA was 78.4%. Among the 97.7% of patients on ART, regimens included the following classes of ART: integrase strand transfer inhibitor (75.6%), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (23.3%) and protease inhibitors (19.8%). Of the 87 patients who completed DAA therapy and had post-DAA labs drawn, sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved in 96.6%. The median (interquartile range, IQR) CD4 counts before/after DAA treatment did not significantly differ [515 (349–704) vs. 554 (374–693), P = 0.80]. In the subset of patients with pre-DAA CD4 counts < 350 cells/mm3 (n = 23), CD4 count significantly improved before/after DAA treatment [235 (202–311) vs. 309 (189–392), P = 0.01]. Conclusion The use of DAA therapy in HIV-HCV co-infected patients resulted in a significant increase in CD4 count in patients with pre-DAA CD4 < 350 cells/mm3. This may represent a high priority population for DAA treatment. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Claassen, Daniel O., Kristen Kanoff, and Scott A. Wylie. "Dopamine Agonists and Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease." US Neurology 09, no. 01 (2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2013.09.01.13.
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The emergence of the behavioral syndrome known as impulse control disorder (ICD) in Parkinsons disease (PD) has increasingly been associated with dopamine agonist (DAA) use. Clinical reports emphasize the presence of excessive, disruptive, and atypical behaviors in PD patients that resolve after discontinuation or reductions of DAA therapy. The severity of these behaviors has resulted in a heightened clinical vigilance, especially in patients prescribed DAA. This review will discuss the historical rationale for the clinical use of DAA in PD, highlighting the increased association of ICD in patients prescribed DAA therapy. The association between DAA and the emergence of ICD supports the hypothesis that altered mesocorticolimbic function, further emphasized in behavioral and imaging studies, may account for the distinct compulsive hedonic behaviors that characterize the clinical features of this disorder. While the first-line treatment option is reduction and discontinuation of DAA therapy, other therapeutic options are discussed.
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Płoszczyca, Kamila, Miłosz Czuba, Agnieszka Zakrzeska, and Robert Gajda. "The Effects of Six-Gram D-Aspartic Acid Supplementation on the Testosterone, Cortisol, and Hematological Responses of Male Boxers Subjected to 11 Days of Nocturnal Exposure to Normobaric Hypoxia." Nutrients 16, no. 1 (2023): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16010076.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of D-aspartic acid (DAA) supplementation during a simulated altitude protocol on the hormonal and hematological responses in athletes. We hypothesized that DAA supplementation would contribute to an increase in the luteinizing hormone (LH), free, and testosterone and a greater increase in hematological variables. Sixteen male boxers participated; they were randomly assigned to an experimental group (DAA) or a control group (C) and underwent 14 days of supplementation, 6 g/day of DAA. Both DAA and C participants were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 15.5%; 2500 m) for 10–12 h a day over a period of 11 days. The results showed that DAA had no significant effect on resting, LH, or the testosterone/cortisol ratio during the training camp. Hypoxic exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increased red blood cell and reticulocyte counts as well as hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations in both groups, but DAA had no significant effect on these changes. In conclusion, we found that DAA supplementation at a dose of 6 g/day for 14 days does not affect the testosterone, cortisol, or hematological responses of athletes during.
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Gomes, Gisely Paula, Clério Valentin Damasceno Junior, Denis Santiago da Costa, et al. "Harvest season and seed physiological potential of ‘dedo-de-moça BRS Mari’ hot peppers." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 6 (2017): 3897. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n6p3897.
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The cultivation of chili peppers (Capsicum spp.) plays a key role in the fresh vegetable, condiment, and preserve markets. The determination of the harvest season suitable for seed production is crucial to obtain high-quality seeds and ensure production success. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the harvest season of ‘dedo-de-moça BRS Mari’ hot peppers that provides the maximum seed physiological potential. The flowers in anthesis were labeled daily and the fruits were harvested 25, 40, 55, 70, 85, and 100 days after anthesis (DAA) and classified as green, yellowish green, orange, red, extreme red, and intense red, respectively. The seed physiological potential was determined by using the water content, dry matter, germination, first germination count, germination rate index, and accelerated aging tests. The seed dry matter increased steadily until 55 DAA (3.95 mg per seed), then increased slightly to 70 DAA (4.05 mg per seed), and stabilized from 85 to 100 DAA. The harvested seeds began to germinate at 55 DAA with approximately 40% germination, which peaked at 70 DAA with 87% germination; this value was maintained until 100 DAA. The highest values of the germination rate index were found at 70, 85, and 100 DAA. An increase in seed vigor was observed, based on the accelerated aging test, which peaked at 85 DAA and subsequently decreased. The peppers were harvested between 70 and 85 DAA and red to extreme red were found to be the most recommended colors to obtain ‘dedo-de-moça BRS Mari’ hot pepper seeds with high physiological potential.
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Tassinari, Leonardo, Alberto Di Martino, Matteo Brunello, Valentino Rossomando, Francesco Traina, and Cesare Faldini. "Leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty performed by direct anterior approach: a systematic review comparing surgical approaches and strategies for prevention." EFORT Open Reviews 9, no. 8 (2024): 733–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eor-23-0116.
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Purpose Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is a common complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The direct anterior approach (DAA) for THA is gaining popularity due to its advantages, but there is limited research on the incidence and size of LLD. This systematic review aims to explore the differences in LLD between DAA and other approaches, as well as the techniques to control LLD in DAA. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies comparing THA by DAA with other surgical approaches and investigating methods to control LLD in DAA, following PRISMA guidelines and a priori registration on PROSPERO (CRD42023412644). The quality of the included studies was assessed. Data on preoperative and postoperative LLD and other relevant outcomes were extracted and analyzed descriptively. Results In total, 29 studies were included in this systematic review. The majority (86%) were classified as level IV evidence. Comparisons between DAA and posterior approach (PA) or anterolateral approach (ALA) showed DAA had lower rates of LLD >10 mm compared to PA and ALA. Different pre- and intra-operative techniques were evaluated, but no consensus on the best method for preventing LLD in DAA was reached. Conclusion DAA shows comparable or superior results in the prevention of LLD compared to other surgical approaches. Supine patient placement, direct leg measurement, and the use of IF contribute to these outcomes. Intraoperative fluoroscopy with a grid and preoperative planning offers a good option, especially for training purposes, but its role in preventing LLD by experienced DAA surgeons needs further investigation.
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Lopes, José Carlos, Renata V. Lima, and Célia Maria P. Macedo. "Germinação e vigor de sementes de urucu." Horticultura Brasileira 26, no. 1 (2008): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362008000100004.
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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a germinação e o vigor de sementes de urucu (Bixa orellana L.) durante a maturação, efetuando-se amostragens 70, 77 e 84 após a antese (DAA). O estudo foi conduzido em duas etapas: na primeira utilizaram-se sementes intactas (controle) e sementes submetidas à escarificação mecânica com lixa de água n o.100, água quente a 70ºC durante 1, 3 e 5 minutos, resfriamento a 3ºC durante sete dias, utilizando-se água destilada ou KNO3 no substrato. Na segunda etapa foi estudada a resposta de sementes (70, 77 e 84 DAA) ao envelhecimento acelerado (42ºC e 100% de umidade relativa) por 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 e 96 horas. Em ambas as etapas, foram retiradas subamostras para avaliação. A germinação das sementes intactas, colhidas 70, 77 e 84 DAA, foi de 51, 53 e 16%, respectivamente, e apenas os tratamentos em que se usou água quente (70ºC) causaram alteração significativa. Embora tenha impedido a germinação das sementes coletadas 70 DAA, a termoterapia por 1 e 3 minutos promoveu germinação superior ao controle nas sementes colhidas 84 DAA (62 e 55%, respectivamente). Nas sementes intactas, o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) das sementes coletadas 84 DAA (0,51) foi significativamente inferior ao daquelas coletadas 70 (1,90) e 77 DAA (2,32). Entretanto, a termoterapia foi eficiente em aumentar significativamente o IVG das sementes coletadas 84 DAA (1,65, 3,03 e 1,83, respectivamente para 1, 3 e 5 minutos de imersão), sugerindo a existência de dormência das sementes após o provável ponto de maturação fisiológica (84 DAA). Em sementes coletadas 70 DAA, o envelhecimento acelerado até 96 horas não alterou a germinação. Em sementes colhidas 77 e 84 DAA, a germinação reduziu-se com o aumento do período de exposição ao envelhecimento acelerado. Sementes colhidas 70 DAA originaram a maior porcentagem de plântulas normais.
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Tran, Linh, Jeah Jung, Caroline Carlin, Sunmin Lee, Chen Zhao, and Roger Feldman. "Use of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents and Survival Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Dementia and Chronic Hepatitis C." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 79, no. 1 (2021): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200949.
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Background: Many patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) have chronic hepatitis C due to the high prevalence of both conditions among elderly populations. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are effective in treating hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the complexity of ADRD care may affect DAA use and outcomes among patients with HCV and ADRD. Little information exists on uptake of DAAs, factors associated with DAA use, and health benefits of DAAs among patients with HCV and ADRD. Objective: To examine use and survival benefits of DAAs in Medicare patients with HCV and ADRD. Methods: The study included Medicare patients with HCV between 2014 and 2017. We estimated Cox proportional hazards regressions to examine the association between having ADRD and DAA use, and the relation between DAA use and survival among patients with HCV and ADRD. Results: The adjusted hazard of initiating a DAA was 50% lower in patients with ADRD than those without ADRD (adjusted HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.46–0.54). The hazard of DAA use among ADRD patients with behavioral disturbances was 68% lower than non-ADRD patients (adjusted HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.28–0.37). DAA treatment was associated with a significant reduction in mortality among ADRD patients (adjusted HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.44–0.61). Conclusion: The rate of DAA treatment in patients with HCV and ADRD was low, particularly among those with behavioral disturbance. The survival benefits of DAA treatment for patients with ADRD were substantial.
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Kuromatsu, Ryoko, Tatsuya Ide, Shusuke Okamura, et al. "Hepatitis C Virus Elimination Using Direct Acting Antivirals after the Radical Cure of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Suppresses the Recurrence of the Cancer." Cancers 14, no. 9 (2022): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092295.
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It remains unclear whether hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients can be suppressed by the elimination of the virus using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) after radical HCC treatment. We evaluated the sustained inhibitory effect of DAAs on HCC recurrence after curative treatment. This multicenter retrospective study included 190 HCV-positive patients after radical treatment for early-stage HCC. Patients were classified into the DAA treatment group (n = 70) and the non-DAA treatment group (n = 120) after HCC treatment. After propensity score matching (PSM), 112 patients were assessed for first and second recurrences using the Kaplan–Meier method and analyzed using a log-rank test. The first recurrence rates at 1 and 3 years were 3.6% and 42.1% in the DAA treatment group and 21.7% and 61.9% in the non-DAA treatment group, respectively (p = 0.0026). Among 85 patients who received radical treatment, the second recurrence rate at 3 years was 2.2% in the DAA treatment group and 33.9% in the non-DAA treatment group (p = 0.0128). In HCV-positive patients with early-stage HCC, the first and second recurrences were suppressed by DAA therapy after radical treatment, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of DAA therapy on HCC recurrence was sustained.
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Nandihalli, Ujjanagouda B., and Leo E. Bendixen. "Absorption, Translocation, and Toxicity of Foliar-Applied Imazaquin in Yellow and Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusandC. rotundus)." Weed Science 36, no. 3 (1988): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500074932.
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Imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} absorption, translocation, and toxicity were investigated in yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) and purple nutsedge (C. rotundusL. # CYPRO) after foliar treatment. Imazaquin rates from 0.125 to 0.375 kg ai/ha were sprayed on nutsedge plants at the four-leaf stage. Compared to untreated plants, these rates reduced the main shoot growth of yellow nutsedge by 70 to 86% and that of purple nutsedge by 80 to 92% at 28 days after application (DAA). However, the regrowth as measured by tiller production was significantly greater at 0.125 and 0.188 kg/ha rates than at higher rates. The plants treated with 0.313 and 0.375 rates had no rhizomes or tubers at the 28 DAA sampling. In yellow nutsedge, absorption of14C-imazaquin increased from 36% at 1 DAA to 57% at 8 DAA. of the total absorbed14C, 12% translocated from the treated area by 8 DAA. Roots and rhizomes accumulated equal amounts of radioactivity. In purple nutsedge, the absorption of imazaquin increased from 17% at 1 DAA to 53% at 8 DAA. Translocation of absorbed14C in purple nutsedge at 8 DAA was 21%. Rhizomes accumulated significantly greater amounts of14C than the roots.
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Karmakar, Pradip, Vidya Sagar, and PM Singh. "Dynamics of anthocyanin and chlorophyll content in red fruited okra var. Kashi Lalima." Vegetable Science 49, no. 02 (2022): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.61180/vegsci.2022.v49.i2.10.
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An experiment was conducted with the objectives to study the dynamics of anthocyanin and chlorophyll content at various stages of fruit growth and development in the red fruited okra variety Kashi Lalima and also to evaluate nutritional quality at harvestable maturity stage. Anthocyanin and total chlorophyll content of the fruits of Kashi Lalima studied with the help of spectrophotometer at various stage of fruit growth i.e., starting from zero days after anthesis (0 DAA) to 35 DAA. It has been observed that chlorophyll is the only pigment detected in the mature ovary at the time of anthesis, while no anthocyanin is detected at 0 DAA. Traces of anthocyanin detected only at 2 DAA and the content in gradually increased up to 8 DAA (3.90 mg/100g FW) i.e., during harvestable stage for fresh vegetable. At this point of time fruits are scarlet red in colour. Fading of coloration start at 10 DAA and significant discoloration observed at 35 DAA (1.99 mg/100g FW). On the other hand significant amount of chlorophyll was also reported from 0 DAA to 35 DAA.This study provides the insight of the red coloration of the fruit of Kashi Lalima, pattern of anthocyanin pigmentation and identification of the appropriate stage of harvesting for better nutritional quality.
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Hsu, Chin-Wen, Wan-Wen Yang, Chia-Yi Hou, et al. "Patients with Hepatitis C Undergoing Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment Have a Lower SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rate." Life 13, no. 12 (2023): 2326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13122326.
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This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 602 patients with first-time positive results for the HCV nucleic acid test between 1 May 2021 and 31 March 2023, exploring the association between DAA treatment and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that 9.8% of HCV patients were co-infected with SARS-CoV-2. Gender, age, vaccination status, and HCV genotype did not significantly affect SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, patients undergoing DAA treatment showed significantly lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality compared to those not undergoing DAA treatment. The analysis also compared patients undergoing different DAA treatments, with Epclusa and Maviret showing superior protection against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, this study explored the severity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients undergoing and having completed DAA treatment. It revealed that patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during DAA treatment experienced only mild symptoms, and none died, suggesting a potential protective effect of DAA treatment against severe outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings contribute to the understanding of the interplay between HCV, DAA treatment, and SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and healthcare measures for individuals with chronic conditions during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Lester, Gene, Luis Saucedo Arias, and Miguel Gomez-Lim. "174 Muskmelon Fruit Soluble Acid Invertase and Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Activity and Polypeptide Profiles during Growth and Maturation." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 420C—420. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.420c.
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Muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] fruit sugar content is the single most important consumer preference attribute. During fruit ripening, sucrose accumulates when soluble acid invertase (AI) activity is less then sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity. To genetically heighten fruit sugar content, knowledge of sugar accumulation during fruit development in conjunction with AI and SPS enzyme activities and their peptide immunodetection profiles is needed. Two netted muskmelon cultivars [`Valley Gold' (VG), a high sugar accumulator, and `North Star' (NS), a low sugar accumulator] with similar maturity indices were assayed for fruit sugars, AI, and SPS activity and immunodetection of AI and SPS polypeptides following 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 (abscission) days after anthesis (DAA). Both cultivars, grown in spring and fall, showed similar total sugar accumulation profiles. Total sugars increased 1.5 fold, from 2 through 5 DAA and then remained unchanged until 30 DAA. From 30 DAA until abscission, total sugar content increased, with VG accumulating significantly more sugar then NS. In both cultivars, during both seasons, sucrose was detected at 2 DAA, which coincided with higher SPS activity than AI activity. At 5 through 25 DAA, SPS activity was less then AI activity resulting in little or no sucrose detection. It was not until 30 DAA that SPS activity was greater than AI activity resulting in increased sucrose accumulation. VG at abscission had higher total sugar content and SPS activity and lower AI activity than NS. Total polypeptides from both cultivars 2 through 40 DAA, were immunodetected with antibodies: anti-AI and anti-SPS. NS had Al isoforms bands at 75, 52, 38, and 25 kDa that generally decreased wtih DAA. One isoform at 52 kDa remained detectable up to anthesis (40 DAA) VG had the same four Al isoforms, all decreased with DAA and became undetectable by 20 DAA. It is unclear if one or all AI isoforms correspond with detected enzyme activity. VG and NS had one SPS band at 58 kDa that increased with DAA and concomitantly with SPS activity. VG had a more intense SPS polypeptide band at abscission then did NS. Thus, netted muskmelon sugar accumulation may be increased by selecting for cultivars with a specific number of AI isoforms, which are down-regulated, and with high SPS activity during fruit ripening.
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Rohde, Maximilian, and Wendy Carter. "292. No association Between Direct-acting Antiviral (DAA) Therapy and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VSV) Reactivation in an Analysis of 37 Prospective Clinical Trials." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S158—S159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.367.
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Abstract Background Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have substantially increased the rate of sustained virologic response in patients with hepatitis C compared with interferon therapy (IFN), while causing fewer adverse events. However, five recent case series and retrospective studies (Table 1) have reported a possible link between DAA treatment for hepatitis C and reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Reported VZV reactivation rates in these studies were 0.23%, 0.72%, 1.50%, 1.74%, and 8.00%. Methods To further investigate these reported observations, we analyzed 37 prospective registrational DAA clinical trials, including 13,816 subjects in our analysis. Treatment arms were classified as DAA (N = 7,901), DAA + ribavirin (RBV) (N = 4,348), placebo (N = 997), DAA + IFN (N = 327), or IFN (N = 243). 1,068 (8%) subjects were HIV-coinfected, and 9,024 (65%) subjects were over age 50, both known risk factors for VZV reactivation. Herpes zoster (HZ) events occurring while on-treatment or during follow-up were identified using MedDRA preferred terms. Results We identified 36 (0.26%) subjects with HZ events. Thirty-two cases occurred during treatment, and 4 during follow-up. One event was considered severe, and the remaining were mild or moderate in severity. Of the 36 total cases reported, 11 (0.14%) were in DAA arms, 21 (0.48%) were in DAA+RBV arms, 4 (0.40%) were in placebo arms, and none were in DAA+IFN or IFN arms (Table 2). For a more direct comparison, we examined a subset of eight trials (N = 3835) containing both a DAA or DAA+RBV arm and a placebo arm. Of the 8 (0.21%) cases reported, 4 (0.14%) were in the DAA/DAA +RBV arms (N = 2838), and 4 (0.40%) were in the placebo arms (N = 997). While rates of VZV reactivation were increased for HIV-coinfected subjects (0.47% vs. 0.24%) and those over age 50 (0.31% vs. 0.17%) (Table 3), they remained similar to or lower than rates reported in previous studies (Table 1). Conclusion Data from prospective DAA clinical trials including 13,816 subjects do not provide evidence for an association between DAAs and VZV reactivation as reported in recent case series and retrospective studies. Low rates of VZV reactivation were observed, particularly in low-risk groups such as those below the age of 50, as would be expected in naturally occurring reactivation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Ramme, Bernd. "DAA — IM NEUEN GEWAND." Akupunktur & Aurikulomedizin 46, no. 1 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15009-020-5636-7.
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Freza, Sylwia. "Cyclo(DAA-DAA) dipeptide as a peptide linker and β-sheet inducer". Chemical Physics Letters 758 (листопад 2020): 137914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137914.
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Schneider, Oliver, Ernst Gerstner, Frank Weller, and Kurt Dehnicke. "Die Kristallstruktur des Diacetonalkohol-Komplexes [Mn(DAA)3]2+[MnI4]2- · DAA." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 626, no. 4 (2000): 827–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3749(200004)626:4<827::aid-zaac827>3.0.co;2-n.
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Freza, Sylwia. "The cyclization mechanism of cis DAA-DAA dipeptide: an ab initio study." Structural Chemistry 29, no. 4 (2018): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11224-018-1085-5.
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Brantley, Ashley K., James D. Spiers, Andrew B. Thompson, et al. "Effective Pollination Period of Actinidia chinensis ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ and A. deliciosa ‘AU Fitzgerald’ Kiwifruit." HortScience 54, no. 4 (2019): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13617-18.
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Commercial kiwifruit production often requires substantial inputs for successful pollination. Determining the length of time that female flowers can be successfully pollinated can aid management decisions concerning pollination enhancement. The purpose of this research was to determine the effective pollination period (EPP) for ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ and ‘AU Fitzgerald’. Either 30 (2013) or 32 (2014, 2015) flowers of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ were hand pollinated each day for 1 to 5 (2013) days after anthesis (DAA) or 1 to 7 DAA (2014, 2015), and then isolated to prevent open pollination. Anthesis was considered the day the flower opened. Similarly, ‘AU Fitzgerald’ flowers were pollinated and then isolated 1 to 6 DAA in 2013 and 1 to 7 DAA in 2015. For ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ in 2013, fruit set was consistent over the 5-day period, but fruit weight, fruit size index, and seed number decreased between 1 and 3 and 4 and 5 DAA. In 2014, fruit set decreased between 1 and 6 and 7 DAA, whereas fruit weight, fruit size index, and seed number each decreased in a linear trend. In 2015, fruit set also decreased between 1 and 6 and 7 DAA, whereas all other responses decreased linearly. Based on fruit set in 2014 and 2015, the EPP for ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ was 6 DAA. The EPP for ‘AU Fitzgerald’, however, was more variable. In 2013, fruit weight, fruit size index and seed number decreased between 1 and 4 and 5 and 6 DAA, suggesting that the EPP was 4 DAA. In 2015, fruit set remained consistent over the 7-day period with fruit weight, fruit size index, and seed number decreasing linearly. Differences in temperature and the alternate bearing tendency of kiwifruit species likely contributed to the discrepancies between the years for the EPP. For each cultivar, reductions in fruit weight, size, and seed number were observed before an observed decrease in fruit set. Greater fruit weight, size, and seed number were observed when flowers were pollinated within the first few DAA, with results varying thereafter.
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Lembas, Agnieszka, Andrzej Załęski, Tomasz Mikuła, et al. "Differences in the course of hepatocellular carcinoma depending on the DAA treatment." Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences 22, no. 3 (2024): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56782/pps.236.
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Background and aims: 58 million people live with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection which can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, a non-interferon therapy based on direct-acting antivirals (DAA) is the standard treatment of HCV infection. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of HCC after treatment with DAA and evaluate whether the course of the disease and liver function is different in patients treated with DAA compared to those who did not receive such therapy. Materials and methods: We studied the population of adult patients from the 2015-2021 period and analyzed the demographic and clinical data, including alcohol abuse, liver enzymes, Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores, imaging tests, liver biopsy and elastography, if performed. The Mann-Whitney U and the McNemar’s tests were used. The p-value was set at 0.05. Results: The study included n=34 patients with HCC. In this group n=22 patients (61%) were diagnosed with a chronic HCV infection and n=11 (50%) were receiving DAA treatment. Patients who were receiving DAA developed multiple HCC significantly less often compared to patients not treated with DAA (45.5% vs. 69.6%). We also observed a significantly less common occurrence of portal vein thrombosis (8.7% vs. 18.2%) and distant metastases (0.0% vs. 13.0%) in patients with HCC receiving DAA. Patients with HCC who underwent DAA therapy had significantly lower levels of serum liver enzymes in comparison with patients diagnosed with HCC and not receiving DAA. Conclusions: HCC occurring in patients treated with DAA was more often associated with lymphadenopathy, multiple tumors, portal vein thrombosis and distant metastases probably due to restricted treatment qualification criteria. DAA treatment led to a decrease in the inflammatory activity in the liver. It is important to adjust qualification protocols so that all patients suffering from chronic HCV infection could receive the treatment as soon as possible.
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Woolson, Steven T. "A survey of Hip Society surgeons concerning the direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty." Bone & Joint Journal 102-B, no. 7_Supple_B (2020): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.102b7.bjj-2019-1493.r1.
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Aims To establish whether there was a consensus among the members of the Hip Society (HS) on the role of direct anterior approach (DAA) contemporary primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods An online survey was sent to all 112 active and senior members of the HS, to which 71 members responded. The survey was constructed to determine whether they believed that evidence-based medicine proves, in modern clinical practice, that the DAA has significant benefits compared to risks when contrasted with other approaches. In addition, they were asked if they currently used the DAA. Results While only 16.9% (12/71) of respondents had been trained in a generic anterior approach during residency, 49.3% (35/71) had used the DAA in their clinical practice in the past or were using it at the present time. Unexpectedly, 42.9% (15/35) of respondents who had used the DAA in the past had abandoned it by the time of this survey. Only 22.5% (16/71) of all respondents believed that evidence-based medicine proves that the DAA has significant benefits compared to risks in contrast to other approaches. Conclusion A comprehensive literature review found only three prospective randomized clinical trials (RCT) comparing the DAA with another approach with greater than one-year follow-up. Two showed minor benefits within the early postoperative period only, and one of those showed poorer mid-term results. Most of the published comparison studies with short follow-up show longer surgical times and greater blood loss for the DAA, and many three-month comparison studies show higher complication rates for the DAA using a proprietary traction table. The complications included problems with wound healing, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury, femoral component loosening, and femoral fractures. Because of the lack of evidence from RCTs showing superiority of the DAA over other approaches and reports of higher complications, the opinion of a large majority (77.5%; 55/71) of HS surgeons was that the DAA lacks sufficient evidence to warrant its use. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):57–61.
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Hayata, Yasuyoshi, Xin-Xian Li, and Yutaka Osajima. "Sucrose Accumulation and Related Metabolizing Enzyme Activities in Seeded and Induced Parthenocarpic Muskmelons." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 6 (2001): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.6.676.
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To clarify the cause of low sucrose accumulation in seedless `Crest Earl's' netted muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] fruit induced by CPPU, the activity level of sucrose metabolizing enzymes was compared between seeded and seedless fruit. CPPU promoted growth of the ovary in both pollinated and nonpollinated flowers until 10 days after anthesis (DAA), and thereafter the growth rate of nonpollinated fruit was lower than in the controls. Sucrose accumulation of seedless fruit remained lower than in seeded fruit, but there was no difference in fructose and glucose content between seeded and seedless fruit. Acid invertase activity declined sharply 20 DAA in seeded and seedless fruit, and was hardly detectable at 35 DAA, when sucrose accumulation began. Neutral invertase (NI) activity in both seeded and seedless fruit decreased from 20 DAA until 35 DAA; thereafter, NI activity in seeded fruit remained relatively constant, with a small but insignificant increase in maturity. Sucrose synthase (SS-c: sucrose cleavage direction) activity in seeded fruit decreased from 20 to 30 DAA, and then increased as fruit matured, while SS-c activity in seedless fruit did not change during development. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in seeded fruit increased from 25 to 30 DAA and remained relatively constant until harvest. SPS activity in seedless fruit declined gradually from 30 to 45 DAA, then remained at a low level. Sucrose synthase (SS-s: sucrose synthesis direction) activity in seeded fruit increased rapidly after 30 DAA, concomitant with sucrose accumulation. In contrast, SS-s activity in seedless fruit increased only slightly after 30 DAA indicating levels of SS-s activity are closely related to sucrose accumulation in parthenocarpic seedless muskmelons. Chemical name used: [1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea] (CPPU).
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Kawano, Tetsuya, Hiroaki Kijima, Shin Yamada, et al. "A Comparison of the Incidences of Venous Thromboembolism after Total Hip Arthroplasty between the Direct Anterior Approach and the Direct Lateral Approach, Especially in the Early Period after Introduction of the Direct Anterior Approach." Advances in Orthopedics 2020 (June 4, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4649207.
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Objective. To compare the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the direct anterior approach (DAA) with that using the direct lateral approach (DLA). In addition, patient background characteristics and the incidence of VTE were compared between the first half and the latter half of the period after introducing DAA and against DLA. Method. This was a retrospective, multicenter study involving 109 patients (116 hips) who had undergone primary unilateral THA. Thirty-six hips underwent THA using DAA and 80 hips underwent THA using DLA. Patient information including sex, age, and preoperative diagnosis was collected. The incidence of VTE was compared between DAA and DLA. Moreover, the patients who underwent THA using DAA were divided into 2 groups (first half and latter half groups), and sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and surgical time were compared between the 2 groups. Moreover, the incidence of VTE was compared among the 3 groups (first half of DAA, latter half of DAA, and DLA). Results. The incidence of VTE in the DAA group was significantly higher than that in the DLA group p=0.014. The incidence of VTE in the first half group was significantly higher than in the latter half group and the DLA group (p=0.035 and p=0.001, respectively), and there was no difference in the incidence of VTE between the latter half group and the DLA group p=0.923. Surgical time was significantly longer in the first half group than in the latter half group p=0.046. Conclusions. In the first half of the period after introducing the DAA, more VTEs occurred than in the DLA. It may be important to shorten the surgical time in the early stage of introducing the DAA, and aggressive anticoagulation therapy may be required until the surgeon becomes familiar with the procedure.
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Hisanaga, Hiroshi, Hidetoshi Takedatsu, Keigo Emori, et al. "Effect of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents on Gastroesophageal Varices in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus-Related Cirrhosis." Medicina 58, no. 8 (2022): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081077.
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Aim: In patients with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis (LC) who achieve sustained virological responses (SVRs) through treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), it remains unclear whether there are improvements in gastroesophageal varices (GEVs) and portal hypertension. We investigated changes in liver function and GEVs that occurred after DAA therapy. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the medical records of 195 patients with hepatitis C virus-related LC who received DAAs. A total of 171 patients achieved SVRs, among whom 36 had GEVs before or after receiving DAA therapy. The liver function, fibrosis, and GEVs were re-evaluated every 6 months after receiving DAA therapy. The risk factors for progressive GEVs were investigated. Results: DAA therapy resulted in improvements in liver function (indicated by aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and serum albumin levels) and fibrosis (indicated by type IV collagen levels and the Fibrosis-4 index). After receiving DAA therapy, 27 patients had stable GEVs and 9 had progressive GEVs. With respect to GEV grades before DAA therapy, there was a significant difference between patients with stable and progressive GEVs (p = 0.027). Presence of grade-2 GEVs before starting DAA therapy was a risk factor for GEV progression (odds ratio: 5.83; p = 0.04). Patients with grade-2 GEVs had significantly shorter progression-free periods than those with grade < 2 GEVs (p = 0.025). Conclusions: DAA therapy does not ameliorate GEVs. Furthermore, grade-2 GEVs can worsen after DAA therapy. Therefore, patients with GEVs of grades ≥ 2 should undergo endoscopic surveillance after receiving DAAs.
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Matarazzo, Pedro Henrique Monteiro, Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira, Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomao, Danielle Fabíola Pereira da Silva, and Paulo Roberto Cecon. "Desenvolvimento dos frutos de lulo (Solanum quitoense LAM), em Viçosa-MG." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 35, no. 1 (2013): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452013000100016.
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O lulo é um fruto tropical e exótico, originário dos Andes, tem cor laranja quando maduro, e é uma baga globosa, assemelha- se a um tomate, o epicarpo é grosso e coriáceo, sua polpa é verde-clara, pegajosa, ácida e suculenta, contendo muitas sementes. Objetivou-se acompanhar as características físicas, químicas e fisiológicas ocorridas durante o desenvolvimento do fruto de lulo, da antese ao amadurecimento completo, em Viçosa-MG. Os frutos apresentaram um padrão de crescimento sigmoidal simples em resposta à variação do tempo. O desenvolvimento do fruto foi dividido em três fases. A primeira foi até os 7,39 dias após a antese (DAA), sendo caracterizada pela alta taxa respiratória, provavelmente devido à intensa multiplicação celular, e o pericarpo apresentava coloração verde-clara. A segunda fase estendeu-se a partir dos 7,39 até os 57,63 DAA, sendo caracterizada pelas taxas máximas das características estudadas. A taxa respiratória cresceu até 45 DAA, mantendo-se estável até os 52 DAA. A última fase estendeu-se a partir dos 57,63 DAA até os 95,00 DAA. Essa fase foi caracterizada pela estabilização nas dimensões e no acúmulo de massa fresca. Nesse período, ocorreu a ascensão climatérica (dos 52 aos 59 DAA). O climatério respiratório ocorreu aos 66 DAA, com pico de produção de CO2 de 110,99 mg de CO2 kg-1h-1. O pós-climatério ocorreu dos 73 aos 95 DAA, quando houve aumento no teor de sólidos solúveis e queda da acidez titulável e vitamina C da polpa. Nessa fase, o pericarpo dos frutos apresentava-se com coloração alaranjada.
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Jia, Fangteng, Bin Guo, Feixiang Xu, Yuechao Hou, Xiongfeng Tang, and Lanfeng Huang. "A comparison of clinical, radiographic and surgical outcomes of total hip arthroplasty between direct anterior and posterior approaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis." HIP International 29, no. 6 (2018): 584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700018820652.
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Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis were used to directly evaluate the direct anterior approach (DAA) and the posterior approach (PA) for early efficacy and safety of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: Control-led trials assessing DAA and PA for the efficacy and safety of THA were searched in the database. Articles were reviewed according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria; the quality of the methodology included in a given study was strictly assessed before data extraction. Moreover, meta-analysis was performed for outcomes that can be combined; otherwise, descriptive analysis was performed. Results: There were 20 articles included, with a total of 7377 patients. Among these, 3728 and 3649 cases were in the DAA and PA groups, respectively. There was no difference between the DAA and PA groups at postoperative week 2 in the number of patients using the assistive ambulatory device or in time needed to completely discontinue all assistive ambulatory devices. Descriptive analysis found that DAA was slightly better than PA regarding early functional recovery and activity after surgery, as well as postoperative pain relief. Hospitalisation stay in the DAA group was shorter than in the PA group, in which the patients had a shorter operative time. Radiographic outcomes showed that there was little difference in prosthetic position between the DAA and PA groups. The proportions of intraoperative fractures and postoperative lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (LCNT) neuropraxia were significantly higher in the DAA group than in patients who underwent PA. Conclusion: Compared with PA, DAA presents superior early recovery following THA.
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Kanayama, Y., K. Sato, S. Saito, et al. "Prognosis and incidence of immunological and oncological complications after direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C." Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica 85, no. 4 (2022): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51821/85.4.9925.
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Background and study aims: The long-term comprehensive prognosis of chronic hepatitis C after direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognosis and incidence of immunological and oncological complications after DAA therapy. Patients and methods: The study included a total of 1461 patients who received DAA therapy in our university hospital and affiliated hospitals between September 3, 2014 and September 30, 2018. Results: The incidence rates of total malignancies in overall or female patients after DAA therapy were significantly greater than expected in the corresponding general population. The same was true for lung malignancies. Predictive risk factors associated with the occurrence and recurrence of hepatic malignancies after DAA therapy in patients with sustained virological response were cirrhosis and insulin use, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II level, and albumin-bilirubin score, respectively. Eight (0.5%) patients were diagnosed with autoimmune diseases after starting DAA therapy. Importantly, the attending physician considered a possible causal relationship between DAA therapy and these autoimmune diseases in five cases (four rheumatoid arthritis and one membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis). The 5-year overall survival rate was 91.6%. The most frequent primary cause of death was malignancy in 41 (60.2%) patients, including 25 with hepatic malignancies. Lung and colorectal cancers were the next most common. Conclusions: Given that the incidence of total and lung cancers might increase and DAA-related autoimmune diseases might emerge after DAA therapy, we should be alert for the development of these diseases as well as hepatic malignancies.
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Joudi, Mehdi. "Genotypic variations for photoassimilates partitioning to the grains during early development of endosperm in wheat: Association with grain weight." Genetika 49, no. 1 (2017): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1701313j.
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There is little information on genotype variations for photoassimilates partitioning to the grains during early development of endosperm in wheat. Eighty-one wheat cultivars were examined in the Moghan region of Iran during 2010-2011 and 2013-2014 growing seasons. The amount and rate of photoassimilates partitioning to the grains were measured in the tested cultivars during anthesis-16 days after anthesis (DAA) and 16 DAA-maturity phases using time dependent changes in spike dry weight. There were substantial genetic variations in the amount and rate of partitioned photoassimilates to the grains during anthesis-16 DAA and 16 DAA-maturity phases. Part of these variations could be attributed to cultivars differences in anthesis time, spike dry weight at anthesis, and grain number per spike. Taking them into accounts, there were some cultivars but they differed in partitioned photoassimilates toward grains during anthesis-16 DAA and 16 DAA-maturity phases, further supporting the idea that breeding for photoassimilates partitioning during these phases was a possibility. The results yielded for 2013-2014 showed that there is close association between photoassimilates partitioning to the grain during anthesis-16 DAA and individual grain weight. The results suggest that in case wheat breeders could improve photoassimilates partitioning to the grains during anthesis-16 DAA, it would result in increased grain size and weight in the wheat.
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Emmanuel, Benjamin, Samer S. El-Kamary, Laurence S. Magder та ін. "Metabolic Changes in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Who Carry IFNL4-ΔG and Achieve Sustained Virologic Response With Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy". Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, № 1 (2019): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz435.
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Abstract Background Clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in rapid changes in metabolic parameters early in direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Long-term changes after sustained virologic response (SVR) remain unknown. Methods We investigated longitudinal changes in metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) using a general linear model for repeated measurements at 5 clinical time points and by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection and IFNL4 genotype. Results The mean LDL increased markedly during DAA therapy (pre-DAA, 86.6 to DAA, 107.4 mg/dL; P &lt; .0001), but then it decreased to 97.7 mg/dL by post-SVR year 1 (P &lt; .001 compared with DAA; P = .0013 compared with SVR). In patients who carry the IFNL4-ΔG allele, mean LDL increased during treatment, then decreased at post-SVR year 1; however, in patients with TT/TT, genotype did not change during and after DAA treatment. The mean ALT and AST normalized rapidly between pre-DAA and DAA, whereas only mean ALT continued to decrease until post-SVR. Metabolic and inflammatory outcomes were similar by HIV-coinfection status. Conclusions Changes in LDL among CHC patients who achieved SVR differed by IFNL4 genotype, which implicates the interferon-λ4 protein in metabolic changes observed in HCV-infected patients.
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Alves, Robson Ribeiro, Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão, Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira, Paulo Roberto Cecon, and Danielle Fabíola Pereira da Silva. "Desenvolvimento do maracujá doce em Viçosa, Minas Gerais." Revista Ceres 60, no. 1 (2013): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2013000100018.
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Foram avaliadas as mudanças físicas, químicas e fisiológicas ocorridas durante o desenvolvimento do maracujá doce, da antese até o completo amadurecimento na planta. Os frutos apresentaram formato ligeiramente oblongo, padrão de desenvolvimento sigmoidal simples e padrão climatérico para a respiração. O desenvolvimento do fruto foi dividido em três fases: divisão celular até 4,70 dias após a antese (daa), expansão celular de 4,70 daa até 28,94 daa e maturação, de 28,94 daa a 91 daa. Na primeira fase, há pouco incremento nas dimensões do fruto, altas taxas respiratórias, crescimento acelerado da espessura do pericarpo e coloração do pericarpo verde-claro. Na fase seguinte, há intenso desenvolvimento das dimensões do fruto, ganho acelerado de massa da matéria fresca e coloração do pericarpo verde-intenso. Na terceira fase, há tendência à estabilização das dimensões, desenvolvimento de polpa acentuado, o teor de sólidos solúveis aumenta, os teores de vitamina C e acidez titulável diminuem. O pico do climatério foi registrado aos 63 daa. No último dia de avaliação, aos 91 daa, a polpa (suco + sementes) representava 24,46% da massa da matéria fresca total do fruto, o pericarpo respondia por 74,10% e as sementes isoladas, por 3,14%.
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Ma, De-Lu, Mai Chen, Chen X. Su, and Brett J. West. "In VivoAntioxidant Activity of Deacetylasperulosidic Acid in Noni." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/804504.
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Deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA) is a major phytochemical constituent ofMorinda citrifolia(noni) fruit. Noni juice has demonstrated antioxidant activityin vivoand in human trials. To evaluate the role of DAA in this antioxidant activity, Wistar rats were fed 0 (control group), 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days. Afterwards, serum malondialdehyde concentration and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured and compared among groups. A dose-dependent reduction in malondialdehyde was evident as well as a dose-dependent increase in superoxide dismutase activity. DAA ingestion did not influence serum glutathione peroxidase activity. These results suggest that DAA contributes to the antioxidant activity of noni juice by increasing superoxide dismutase activity. The fact that malondialdehyde concentrations declined with increased DAA dose, despite the lack of glutathione peroxidase-inducing activity, suggests that DAA may also increase catalase activity. It has been previously reported that noni juice increases catalase activityin vivobut additional research is required to confirm the effect of DAA on catalase. Even so, the current findings do explain a possible mechanism of action for the antioxidant properties of noni juice that have been observed in human clinical trials.
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Abud, Haynna Fernandes, Eduardo Fontes Araujo, Roberto Fontes Araujo, Alisson Vinicius Araujo, and Cleide Maria Ferreira Pinto. "Qualidade fisiológica de sementes das pimentas malagueta e biquinho durante a ontogênese." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 48, no. 12 (2013): 1546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2013001200003.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações fisiológicas durante a ontogênese de sementes das pimentas malagueta e biquinho, e determinar o melhor estádio para colheita. As flores em antese foram etiquetadas diariamente e os frutos foram colhidos aos 25, 40, 55, 70, 85 e 100 dias após a antese (DAA). Em cada época de maturação, as sementes foram avaliadas quanto a: teor de água, massa de matéria seca, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e envelhecimento acelerado. O início do desenvolvimento das sementes foi caracterizado pelo acúmulo de matéria seca, e ocorreu até os 80 DAA, para pimenta malagueta, ou até os 70 DAA, para pimenta biquinho. Em sementes ortodoxas, como as da pimenteira, observa-se decréscimo no teor de água após elas atingirem máxima matéria seca. Aos 100 DAA, o teor de água foi de 14%, na pimenta malagueta, e de 15%, na pimenta biquinho. As sementes colhidas aos 25 e 40 DAA não germinaram. A percentagem de germinação aumentou entre os 40 e 70 DAA, e diminuiu a partir de então. A maturidade fisiológica das sementes de pimentas malagueta e biquinho ocorre aproximadamente aos 70 DAA, época ideal para colheita.
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Zhou, Lili, and Robert E. Paull. "Sucrose Metabolism During Papaya (Carica papaya) Fruit Growth and Ripening." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 3 (2001): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.3.351.
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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit flesh and seed growth, fruit respiration, sugar accumulation, and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), and acid invertase (AI) were determined from anthesis for ≈150 days after anthesis (DAA), the full ripe stage. Sugar began to accumulate in the fruit flesh between 100 and 140 DAA, after seed maturation had occurred. SPS activity remained low throughout fruit development. The activity of SS was high 14 DAA and decreased to less than one-fourth within 56 DAA, then remained constant during the remainder of fruit development. AI activity was low in young fruit and began to increase 90 DAA and reached a peak more than 10-fold higher, 125 DAA, as sugar accumulated in the flesh. Results suggest that SS and AI are two major enzymes that may determine papaya fruit sink strength in the early and late fruit development phases, respectively. AI activity paralleled sugar accumulation and may be involved in phloem sugar unloading.
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Du, Ping. "USE OF NEW HEPATITIS C DRUGS IN MEDICARE: PERSISTENT URBAN-RURAL DISPARITIES AND POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.047.
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Abstract Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, whose prevalence is concentrated among older adults, can bring serious health impacts and high financial burden. With the availability of highly effective and well tolerated direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, treatment of chronic HCV infection has rapidly evolved, making HCV treatment less burdensome. However, the high cost of DAA and lack of clinical expertise are still important barriers for providing DAA therapy to rural patients, highlighting the urban-rural disparities in managing many chronic diseases for aging populations. Telehealth could serve as effective care-model to improve management of HCV infection for older, rural populations. This talk will present work that examines multi-level factors affecting HCV DAA treatment (focusing on urban-rural disparities), evaluates changes in urban-rural disparities in DAA utilization over time, and explores the role of a telehealth-based intervention in reducing urban-rural disparities in HCV DAA treatment in Medicare patients.
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Wang, Yixuan. "Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) in the management of hepatitis C in a clinical setting: Effectiveness and limitations." Theoretical and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (2023): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/8/20240456.
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) significantly burdens public healthcare resources and has infected over 73 million people as of 2023. Past treatments for hepatitis C virus relied on ribavirin pegylated interferon. However, this treatment has adverse side effects, such as depression, anemia, etc. At the same time, this method has a low cure rate and poor patient compliance. DAA can not only treat CHC and even cirrhosis, but also play a crucial role in mediating the recovery of immune damage and regulating glucose metabolism in infected patients. In the contemporary approach of HCV, Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) resulted in up to 90% cure rates. At the same time, clinical trials showed DAA also provides many benefits to patients during treatment. Still, with the widespread use of DAA, some DAA limitations have also been identified during its use. This article summarizes the benefits and limitations that DAA has demonstrated in the current treatment of HCV.