Journal articles: 'DAEX'

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Banagaaya, N., W. H. A. Schilders, G. Alì, and C. Tischendorf. "Index-aware model order reduction: LTI DAEs in electric networks." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 1123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2012-0362.

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Purpose – Model order reduction (MOR) has been widely used in the electric networks but little has been done to reduce higher index differential algebraic equations (DAEs). The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Most methods first do an index reduction before reducing a higher DAE but this can lead to a loss of physical properties of the system. Findings – The paper presents a MOR method for DAEs called the index-aware MOR (IMOR) which can reduce a DAE while preserving its physical properties such as the index. The feasibility of this method is tested on real-life electric networks. Originality/value – MOR has been widely used to reduce large systems from electric networks but little has been done to reduce higher index DAEs. Most methods first do an index reduction before reducing a large system of DAEs but this can lead to a loss of physical properties of the system. The paper presents a MOR method for DAEs called the IMOR which can reduce a DAE while preserving its physical properties such as the index. The feasibility of this method is tested on real-life electric networks.

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Dalbey, Walden E., Richard H. McKee, Katy Olsavsky Goyak, Jeffrey H. Charlap, Craig Parker, and Russell White. "Subchronic and Developmental Toxicity of Aromatic Extracts." International Journal of Toxicology 33, no. 1_suppl (January 2014): 136S—155S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813517724.

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Aromatic extracts (AEs; distillate AEs [DAEs] and residual AEs [RAEs]) are complex, highly viscous liquid petroleum streams with variable compositions derived by extraction of aromatic compounds from distillate and residual petroleum fractions from a vacuum distillation tower, respectively. The DAEs generally contain significant amounts of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and are carcinogenic. The RAEs typically contain lower concentrations of biologically active PACs. The PACs in refinery streams can cause effects in repeated-dose and developmental toxicity studies. In a 13-week dermal study, light paraffinic DAE had several dose-related effects involving multiple organs; no-observed-effect level was <5 mg/kg/d, with no overt toxicity. Predicted dose-responses at 10% (PDR10s), modeled doses causing a 10% effect on sensitive end points based on PAC content, ranged from 25 to 78 mg/kg/d for untested paraffinic DAEs. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for developmental toxicity for light paraffinic DAE was 5 mg/kg/d. Statistically significant developmental effects at higher doses were associated with maternal effects. The PDR10s for developmental toxicity of paraffinic DAEs ranged from 7 to >2000 mg/kg/d, reflecting differences due to variation in PACs. The NOAELs for RAEs were 500 mg/kg for 90-day studies and 2000 mg/kg for developmental toxicity. Reproductive toxicity is not considered to be a sensitive end point for AEs based on the toxicity tests with DAEs, RAEs, and other PAC-containing petroleum substances. In vivo micronucleus tests on heavy paraffinic DAE, RAEs, and a range of other petroleum substances have been negative. The exception to this general trend was a marginally positive response with light paraffinic DAE. Most DAEs are considered unlikely to produce chromosomal effects in vivo.

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Oh, Yuna, Alexander Bang, Nicholas Kurtansky, Niloufer Khan, Melissa Pulitzer, and Sarah Noor. "Dermatologic adverse events of brentuximab vedotin: Characteristics, management, and their relationship with dose regimen." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 3049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.3049.

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3049 Background: Owing to its high efficacy and tolerability, brentuximab vedotin (BV) is increasingly being favored over other aggressive systemic therapies for the treatment of various CD30+ Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including peripheral T-cell lymphoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Dermatologic adverse events (dAE) are one of the most common toxicities associated with BV but data regarding their characteristics including correlation to dose, time to occurrence, and management is scarce. We aim to describe the clinical and pathologic characteristics of dAEs associated with BV, their relationship with administered dose regimen, and available management strategies. Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients who had received at least one cycle of BV from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in 2009-2020. Logistic regression, χ2, student’s t-test were performed for univariate analyses. Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model evaluated dAE occurrence stratified by 5 major dose regimens (single cycle, 1.2mg q1w, 1.2mg q2w, 1.2mg q3w, 1.8mg q3w). Results: Of 611 patients, 201 experienced dAE with median time-to-event of 24 days and 29% experiencing > 1 dAEs. Rash was the most common (62%; 142/230), followed by alopecia (20%) and xerosis (13%). For rash, 50% reported involvement of only the extremities and/or acral sites compared to 25% who had generalized rash. Of those reported (111), 68 patients had grade 1 dAE (61%), 38 grade 2 (34%), and 5 grade 3 (5%)-all grade 3 were rash (maculopapular/morbilliform). 14 cases (7%) resulted in treatment interruptions and 6 in discontinuations due to dAEs (3%). Pathology were often nonspecific consistent with a hypersensitivity reaction: spongiotic/psoriasiform dermatitis with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates . Patients undergoing weekly regimen were at a statistically and clinically significantly higher risk of dAE during the first 100 days of BV treatment (p = 0.001). Between the two most frequently administered dose regimens (1.8mg vs. 1.2mg, q3w), the higher dose carried 105% higher risk for dAE (HR: 2.047, p = 0.053). Those who had received a single cycle of BV had the lowest risk compared to all other regimen (1/42, p = 0.001). Topical and/or systemic steroids were most frequently prescribed (43%) with 12% of patients requiring systemic steroids. Other treatments varied ranging from antihistamines to moisturizers. Conclusions: Understanding of the detailed characteristics, management strategies, dose-dependent effects associated with BV is critical to provide clinical guidance for primary providers and minimize treatment interruptions or discontinuations. The results overall suggest that the risk for dAEs is dose-dependent with those undergoing frequent dosing regimens having a greater risk, although most dAEs remain mild or low-grade.

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Petrenko, Pavel, Olga Samsonyuk, and Maxim Staritsyn. "A note on differential-algebraic systems with impulsive and hysteresis phenomena." Cybernetics and Physics, Volume 9, 2020, Number 1 (June 30, 2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35470/2226-4116-2020-9-1-51-56.

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n this note, we single out some promising classes of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) with hysteresis phenomena, and propose their meaningful generalizations. We consider D Es of index 2 having two features: i) non-linearity of hysteresis type modeled by a sweeping process, and ii) impulsive control represented by a bounded signed Borel measure. For such a DAE we design an equivalent structural form, based on the Kronecker-Weierstrass transformation, and prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of a solution to an initial value problem. We propose a notion of generalized solution to a DAE as a realization of impulsive trajectory relaxation. This relaxation is described by a dynamical system with states of bounded variation and can be equivalently represented as a system of “ordinary” DAEs.

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Sidhu, Reena, Stefania Chetcuti Zammit, Peter Baltes, Cristina Carretero, Edward J. Despott, Alberto Murino, Xavier Dray, et al. "Curriculum for small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy training in Europe: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement." Endoscopy 52, no. 08 (June 17, 2020): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1185-1289.

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Main RecommendationsThe European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has recognized the need to formalize training in small-bowel endoscopy across European centers. The following criteria and framework for training in small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) and device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE), which aim to provide uniform and high quality training to ensure that small-bowel endoscopists are competent to operate independently, are based on the current literature and experience of experts in the field. Three main areas are covered: skills required prior to commencing training in small-bowel endoscopy; structured training for trainees to become independent endoscopists; and ways of ensuring competence is achieved. 1 Centers providing training in SBCE should perform a minimum of 75 – 100 SBCEs/year. 2 Experience in bidirectional endoscopies is desirable for structured training in SBCE. 3 SBCE courses should consist of at least 50 % hands-on training and cover information on technology, indications and contraindications for SBCE, pathologies that can be encountered on SBCE, and standard terminology that should be used during reporting of SBCE. An SBCE course should be completed prior to achieving competence in SBCE reporting. 4 Competence in SBCE can be assessed by considering a minimum of 30 SBCEs. Direct Observation of Procedural Skills, short SBCE videos, and multiple-choice questions can be useful to assess improvement in the skills of trainees. 5 Centers offering training in DAE should aim to carry out at least 75 DAEs/year, should have direct links with an SBCE service, and should allow regular discussion of cases at a radiology small-bowel MDT. Training centers with lower numbers are encouraged to offer training by “buddying-up” with other centers, or using mentoring systems. 6 DAE trainees must be independent in bidirectional endoscopies and have experience in level 1 polypectomy prior to commencement of training. They should also be competent in reviewing SBCEs. 7 Training in DAE should be structured with a minimum of 75 procedures, including 35 retrograde DAEs, with therapeutic procedures undertaken in at least 50 % of the DAEs performed. Training should cover the indications, contraindications, complications including prevention, and technicalities of the DAE procedure; formal evaluation should follow. DAE trainees must acquire skills to independently manage and advise on small-bowel pathology following DAE procedures. 8 It is highly recommended that international societies develop online modules and courses on DAE, which are currently lacking across Europe.

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GHANBARI, F., and F. GHOREISHI. "CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF THE PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD FOR LINEAR DAEs OF INDEX-2." International Journal of Computational Methods 10, no. 04 (April 23, 2013): 1350019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876213500199.

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This paper is concerned with the study of pseudospectral discretizations of the differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Pseudospectral method based on Chebyshev polynomials are used to transcribe a given DAE into a system of algebraic equations. A posteriori error bound between the desired solution to the index 2, DAEs and the pseudospectral approximate solution of the problem is estimated in the weighted L2 norm. Some numerical experiments are considered to demonstrate the efficiency and the applicability of the method.

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Beardmore, R. E., and Y. H. Song. "Differential-Algebraic Equations: A Tutorial Review." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, no. 07 (July 1998): 1399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498001091.

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This article (Funded by EPSRC and the National Grid Company.) explores some introductory principles of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) and makes a connection with the theory of dynamical systems. Some results which are new in the field of DAEs are also surveyed. Most treatments on DAE emphasize the differences that exist when compared with the ODE case. Here we seek to underline the similarities so that readers with a very basic knowledge of nonlinear dynamics can understand some of their consequences in this more general context.

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Drąg, Paweł. "A Direct Optimization Algorithm for Problems with Differential-Algebraic Constraints: Application to Heat and Mass Transfer." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 9027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10249027.

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In this article, an optimization task with nonlinear differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) is considered. As a main result, a new solution procedure is designed. The computational procedure represents the sequential optimization approach. The proposed algorithm is based on a multiple shooting parametrization method. Two main aspects of a generalized parametrization approach are analyzed in detail: a control function and DAE model parametrization. A comparison between the original and modified DAEs is made. The new algorithm is applied to solve an optimization task in heat and mass transfer engineering.

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Yasir, Kamal H., and Abbas M. Al_husenawe. "Two-Parameters Bifurcation in Quasilinear Dierential-Algebraic Equations." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS 12, no. 1 (February 24, 2016): 5786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jam.v12i1.573.

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In this paper, bifurcation of solution of guasilinear dierential-algebraic equations (DAEs) is studied. Whereas basic principle that quasilinear DAE is eventually reducible to an ordinary dierential equation (ODEs) and that this reduction so we can apply the classical bifurcation theory of the (ODEs). The taylor expansion applied to the reduced DAEs to prove that is equivalent to an ODE which is a normal form under some non-degeneracy conditions theorems given in this work deal with the saddle node,transcritical and pitchfork bifurcation with two-parameters. Some illustrated examples are given to explain the idea of the paper.

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Guilhoto, Laura Maria de Figueiredo Ferreira, Veriano Alexandre, Heloise Helena Martins, Cristiane Maciel dos Santos, Katia Lin, Arthur Raymundo Chaves Oliveira da Silva, Sueli Mesquita, Alzira Castro, Alice Masuko, and Elza Márcia Targas Yacubian. "Há riscos na utilização de diferentes formulações de drogas antiepilépticas? Relato da ABE através de entrevista de pessoas com epilepsia." Journal of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology 15, no. 1 (March 2009): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-26492009000100009.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Há controvérsias se drogas antiepilépticas (DAEs) genéricas são intercambiáveis com as de referência, assim como com as similares com respeito a eficácia e efeitos adversos. Este fato é de fundamental importância e ainda mais relevante em países em desenvolvimento com limitações orçamentárias na área de saúde. MÉTODOS: Após aprovação de Comitê de Ética a Associação Brasileira de Epilepsia aplicou um questionário a pessoas com epilepsia (PCE) com 18 questões de múltipla escolha: quatro relacionadas a dados sócio-demográficos e 14 sobre o conhecimento das formulações de DAEs (de referência, genéricas e similares) e da evidência de mudanças clínicas durante a troca (Teste exato de Fisher, significância 05%). RESULTADOS: 731 PCE de seis Hospitais do Sistema Público participaram, sendo que 91% eram de classes sócio-econômicas média e baixas; das PCE maiores de 18 anos, 24,4% tinha menos de 4 anos de escolaridade, 24,4% entre 5 a 8, 45,6 % tinha pelo menos 9 anos de estudo; 63% recebia mais de uma DAE (53,3% carbamazepina, 26,3% valproato de sódio); 58,1% obtinha as DAEs de órgãos públicos e 21,2% somente em farmácias privadas. Das 731 PCE consultadas, 60,6% não conhecia as diferentes formulações de DAEs (PCE com maior escolarização responderam mais corretamente, p<0.001); somente 36% sabia que a primeira DAE é a referência (maior escolarização, p<0.001); e 10% considerou genéricos "medicações oficiais do governo". Após serem instruídos sobre as formulações de DAEs, 24,7% não sabia que genéricos são mais baratos do que as medicações de referência, 32,5% considerou sua qualidade pior e somente 30% sabia os detalhes de sua embalagem (classes de maior renda, p=0.004). Durante o último ano, 25,6% receberam diferentes formulações de DAEs (especialmente carbamazepina e valproato de sódio) e 14,5% (especialmente com menor escolarização, p<0.001) referiram crises adicionais após a troca (carbamazepina, valproato de sódio e lamotrigina) e 12,2%, aumento de eventos adversos (carbamazepina, valproato de sódio e topiramato). CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento de diferentes formulações foi pequena entre as PCE entrevistadas, e o recebimento de diferentes formulações de DAEs foi freqüente. Foi referido aparecimento de crises por 14,5% dos pacientes, principalmente naqueles de menor escolaridade, e ainda, aumento de efeitos adversos por ocasião das trocas (por 12,2%). Este fato deve alertar especialistas, sobretudo em países em desenvolvimento que DAEs devem ser consideradas um grupo especial em relação a políticas públicas de medicações genéricas e similares.

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Gordon, Brandon W., and Sheng Liu. "A Singular Perturbation Approach for Modeling Differential-Algebraic Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 120, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801500.

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Dynamic systems described by an implicit mixed set of Differential and Algebraic Equations (DAEs) are often encountered in control system modeling and analysis due to inherent constraints in the system. A key difficulty in control and simulation of DAE systems is that they are not expressed in an explicit state space representation. This paper describes a general approach based on singular perturbation analysis for adding fast dynamics to a system of DAEs so that they can be expressed in an explicit state space form. Conditions for asymptotic convergence and approximation methods are investigated. The approach is illustrated for a model of a two-phase flow heat exchanger.

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Wilson, Britney N., Mary Sun, Mario E. Lacouture, and Sarah Noor. "Dermatologic diagnoses in oncology patients of color on anticancer therapy: Five-year retrospective review of outpatient dermatology consultations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 12084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.12084.

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12084 Background: Dermatologic toxicities from cancer treatments affecting patients from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds or skin of color (SOC) patients is an understudied area of research. These patients are also significantly underrepresented in therapeutic clinical trials, limiting complete understanding of toxicities associated with cancer therapies. Current treatment algorithms for dermatological adverse events (dAE) also do not take into account possible biologic differences in different skin types affecting toxicity presentation and treatment response. In this study we summarize the demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of oncology patients from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds who developed dermatologic adverse events related to cancer therapies. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all SOC patients (Asian, Black, Hispanic) on active cancer therapy who received outpatient dermatology consultation at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. Electronic health record information for 2917 patients was obtained. A computational keyword-based text analysis of medical chart text, developed in consultation with a board-certified dermatologist, was performed to determine dermatologic diagnoses categories for each patient. All analyses were conducted using R statistical programming software, version 4.2.06. Results: There were 2917 outpatient dermatology consultations. Our population consisted of 1992 (68.29%) females and 925 (31.71%) males with a mean age of 53 (range 0-97). There were 35.55% Black, 41.28% Asian, 1.02% (30) Native American or Alaskan Native, 0.17% (5) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. 729 were Hispanic ethnicity of which 641 were Caucasian. A total of 4,026 dermatologic diagnoses occurred in the study population. Bacterial infections were the most commonly observed, occurring in 15% of patients. Nail disorders were the second most common dAE, occurring in 14% of the study population, followed by eczema/eczematous reactions at 9%. In all racial groups, eczema/eczematous reactions, nail disorders, and dermatomyositis were in the top five most common observed dAEs. Asian patients made up the largest proportion of those who had morbilliform rash dAEs (55%) while Black patients made up the largest proportion of those with hyperpigmentation dAEs (54%) and vascular insufficiency dAEs (47%). Conclusions: The findings from our study indicate that pigmentary changes, bacterial infections, eczema/eczematous reactions, and nail disorders are the most common dAE types that occurred in our group of SOC patients. We hope to use this information to aid in the development of specific management strategies within the field of supportive oncodermatology to meet the needs of minority patient populations.

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Borsche, R., D. Kocoglu, and S. Trenn. "A distributional solution framework for linear hyperbolic PDEs coupled to switched DAEs." Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems 32, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 455–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00498-020-00267-7.

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AbstractA distributional solution framework is developed for systems consisting of linear hyperbolic partial differential equations and switched differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) which are coupled via boundary conditions. The unique solvability is then characterize in terms of a switched delay DAE. The theory is illustrated with an example of electric power lines modelled by the telegraph equations which are coupled via a switching transformer where simulations confirm the predicted impulsive solutions.

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Rauh, Andreas, Michael Brill, and Clemens Günther. "A Novel Interval Arithmetic Approach for Solving Differential-Algebraic Equations with ValEncIA-IVP." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-009-0032-4.

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A Novel Interval Arithmetic Approach for Solving Differential-Algebraic Equations with ValEncIA-IVPThe theoretical background and the implementation of a new interval arithmetic approach for solving sets of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) are presented. The proposed approach computes guaranteed enclosures of all reachable states of dynamical systems described by sets of DAEs with uncertainties in both initial conditions and system parameters. The algorithm is based on ValEncIA-IVP, which has been developed recently for the computation of verified enclosures of the solution sets of initial value problems for ordinary differential equations. For the application to DAEs, ValEncIA-IVP has been extended by an interval Newton technique to solve nonlinear algebraic equations in a guaranteed way. In addition to verified simulation of initial value problems for DAE systems, the developed approach is applicable to the verified solution of the so-called inverse control problems. In this case, guaranteed enclosures for valid input signals of dynamical systems are determined such that their corresponding outputs are consistent with prescribed time-dependent functions. Simulation results demonstrating the potential of ValEncIA-IVP for solving DAEs in technical applications conclude this paper. The selected application scenarios point out relations to other existing verified simulation techniques for dynamical systems as well as directions for future research.

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Haenel, Matthias W., Udo-Burckhard Richter, Sonja Solar, and Nikola Getoff. "Radiation-Induced C -C Bond Cleavage in 1,2-Diarylethanes as Model Compounds of Coal, Part 3. Pulse and Steady-State Radiolysis of 1,2-Di(9-anthryl)ethane in Organic Solvents." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0301.

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1,2-Di(9-anthryl)ethane (1,2-DAE) was used as a model for coal to study the C -C bond cleavage of the ethano linkage in the radiolysis of solutions containing NaAlH2(OCH2CH2OCH3)2 [NaAlH2(OR)2]. Transient species were investigated by pulse radiolysis of solutions of 1,2-DAE in THF, DME and toluene in the absence and the presence of NaAlH2(OR)2. In the presence of NaAlH2(OR)2 stabilized, long-lived radical anion/sodium cation pairs of 1,2-DAE were generated even in the non-polar solvent toluene. The reaction mechanisms differ substantially for solutions in the ether solvents (THF or DME) and for solutions in toluene. Steady-state radiolysis (60Co γ-rays) of solutions of 1,2-DAE in toluene containing NaAlH2(OR)2 resulted in the C -C bond cleavage of the ethano linkage. This is attributed to the unstable dianion (1,2-DAE2-, 2Na+) formed in two successive radiation- induced reductions via (1,2-DAE∙- , Na+). The resulting (9-anthryl)methyl carbanionic fragments C14H9CH2-, Na+ react with AlH(OR)2 generated in the process, to form the aluminate salts [C14H9CH2AlH(OR)2-, Na+]. From the aluminate salts, 9-methylanthracene (9- MA) was obtained by hydrolysis in yields up to 65 wt.%.

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Estévez Schwarz, Diana, and René Lamour. "Projected explicit and implicit Taylor series methods for DAEs." Numerical Algorithms 88, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 615–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11075-020-01051-z.

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AbstractThe recently developed new algorithm for computing consistent initial values and Taylor coefficients for DAEs using projector-based constrained optimization opens new possibilities to apply Taylor series integration methods. In this paper, we show how corresponding projected explicit and implicit Taylor series methods can be adapted to DAEs of arbitrary index. Owing to our formulation as a projected optimization problem constrained by the derivative array, no explicit description of the inherent dynamics is necessary, and various Taylor integration schemes can be defined in a general framework. In particular, we address higher-order Padé methods that stand out due to their stability. We further discuss several aspects of our prototype implemented in Python using Automatic Differentiation. The methods have been successfully tested on examples arising from multibody systems simulation and a higher-index DAE benchmark arising from servo-constraint problems.

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Gavrouzou, Maria, Nikos Hatzianastassiou, Antonis Gkikas, and Nikos Mihalopoulos. "A 15-Year Climatology of Desert Dust Episodes in the Broader Mediterranean Basin." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 4, no. 1 (November 13, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecas2020-08138.

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In the present study, dust aerosol episodes (DAEs) in the broader Mediterranean Basin (MB) are investigated over a 15-year (2005–2019) period using contemporary MODIS Collection 6.1 and OMI OMAERUV satellite data and a satellite algorithm applying a thresholding technique on selected aerosol optical properties. The algorithm operates on a daily and 1° × 1° pixel level basis, first identifying the presence of dust, and consequently requiring the presence of unusually high dust loads, i.e., dust episodes. Apart from the presence of pixel-level DAEs, an extended spatial coverage of dust is also required. Thus, a specific day is characterized as a Dust Aerosol Episode Day (DAED), when at least 30 episodic pixels exist over Mediterranean Basin (MB). According to the algorithm results, 166 DAEDs (116 strong and 50 extreme) took place in the MB from 2005 to 2019. Most DAEDs occurred in spring (47%) and summer (38%), while a different seasonality is observed for strong and extreme episodes. The interannual variability of DAEDs reveal a decreasing trend, which is however not statistically significant.

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Tang, Juan, and Yongsheng Rao. "A New Block Structural Index Reduction Approach for Large-Scale Differential Algebraic Equations." Mathematics 8, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8112057.

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A new generation of universal tools and languages for modeling and simulation multi-physical domain applications has emerged and became widely accepted; they generate large-scale systems of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) automatically. Motivated by the characteristics of DAE systems with large dimensions, high index or block structures, we first propose a modified Pantelides’ algorithm (MPA) for any high order DAEs based on the Σ matrix, which is similar to Pryce’s Σ method. By introducing a vital parameter vector, a modified Pantelides’ algorithm with parameters has been presented. It leads to a block Pantelides’ algorithm (BPA) naturally which can immediately compute the crucial canonical offsets for whole (coupled) systems with block-triangular form. We illustrate these algorithms by some examples, and preliminary numerical experiments show that the time complexity of BPA can be reduced by at least O(ℓ) compared to the MPA, which is mainly consistent with the results of our analysis.

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Kang, Ju Seok, Sangwoo Bae, Jang Moo Lee, and Tae Oh Tak. "Force Equilibrium Approach for Linearization of Constrained Mechanical System Dynamics." Journal of Mechanical Design 125, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1541631.

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The purpose of this study is to derive a linearized form of dynamic equations for constrained mechanical systems. The governing equations for constrained mechanical systems are generally expressed in terms of Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAEs). Conventional methods of linearization are based on the perturbation of the nonlinear DAE, where small amounts of perturbations are taken to guarantee linear characteristics of the equations. On the other hand, the proposed linearized dynamic equations are derived directly from a force equilibrium condition, not from the DAEs, with small motion assumption. This approach is straightforward and simple compared to conventional perturbation methods, and can be applicable to any constrained mechanical systems that undergo small displacement under external forces. The modeling procedure and formulation of linearized dynamic equations are demonstrated by the example of a vehicle suspension system, a typical constrained multibody system. The solution is validated by comparison with conventional nonlinear dynamic analysis and modal test results.

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Tang, Juan, Wenyuan Wu, Xiaolin Qin, and Yong Feng. "Structural Analysis Methods for Differential Algebraic Equations via Fixed-Point Iteration." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 7705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.4463.

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Motivated by Pryce’s structural analysis method for differential algebraic equations (DAEs), we show the complexity of the fixed-point iteration algorithm (FPIA) and propose a fixed-point iteration method with parameters. It leads to a block fixed-point iteration method (BFPIM) which can be applied to immediately calculate the crucial canonical offsets for large-scale (coupled) DAE systems with block-triangular structure, and its complexity analysis is also given in this paper. Moreover, preliminary numerical experiments show that the time complexity of BFPIM can be reduced by at least O(l) compared to the FPIA.

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Freites-Martinez, Azael, Viswanath Reddy Belum, Shamir Geller, Anna Skripnik, Kathryn Ciccolini, Jerry Shapiro, Sarah Kitts, Shari Beth Goldfarb, and Mario E. Lacouture. "Dermatologic adverse events in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e12533-e12533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e12533.

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e12533 Background: Endocrine therapies are known to cause adverse events including hot flashes, arthralgias, and dyspareunia. Dermatologic adverse events (dAE), including alopecia are infrequently reported, despite their potential impact on quality of life (QoL). This study aims to characterize endocrine therapy-related dAE including alopecia, acne, xerosis, and onychodystrophy. Methods: A retrospective chart review (2005-2015) of patients referred to the dermatology service for dermatologic conditions developing during endocrine therapies was performed. Relevant data was abstracted from each patient’s medical record including demographics, primary cancer diagnosis, and dAEs by grade (CTCAE v4.03). The psychosocial impact of alopecia was assessed in a subset of patients using a QoL questionnaire (Hairdex), which includes the following domains: ‘emotions’, ‘functioning’, ‘symptoms’, ‘stigmatization’ and ‘self-confidence’. Results: A total of 74 breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapies were included (median age 62yrs. [range, 34-85]). Alopecia was the reason for a dermatologic consultation in all patients, and was attributable to aromatase inhibitors (AI) in 49 patients (66.2%) and tamoxifen in 22 (29.3%). The mean duration of treatment at the time of alopecia diagnosis was 24 months (SD ±14.3). In 93.2% of the patients, alopecia was grade 1 in severity, and in 6.8% it was grade 2 (the latter was attributable to AIs only). All grade xerosis was identified in 34 (45.9%), onychodystrophy in 21 (28.4%) and acne in 9 patients (12.2%). In patients who completed the Hairdex questionnaire (n = 44), a high ‘emotions’ (52.6, p < 0.05) and ‘stigmatization’ (46, p < 0.05) domains score were found, while ‘symptoms’ (22.1, p < 0.05) and ‘functioning’ (24.5, p < 0.05) domains score were lower. Conclusions: Endocrine therapies are associated with alopecia and dAEs, with a greater severity with AIs. A psychosocial impact on emotions was seen in patients with alopecia. Moreover, xerosis, acne, and onychodystrophy were also observed. These findings underscore the need for increased attention to dAE in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine agents, in order to maintain quality of life and adherence to therapies.

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Liu, Peng, Peijun Zheng, and Ziyu Chen. "Deep Learning with Stacked Denoising Auto-Encoder for Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 25, 2019): 2445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122445.

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Accurate short-term electric load forecasting is significant for the smart grid. It can reduce electric power consumption and ensure the balance between power supply and demand. In this paper, the Stacked Denoising Auto-Encoder (SDAE) is adopted for short-term load forecasting using four factors: historical loads, somatosensory temperature, relative humidity, and daily average loads. The daily average loads act as the baseline in final forecasting tasks. Firstly, the Denoising Auto-Encoder (DAE) is pre-trained. In the symmetric DAE, there are three layers: the input layer, the hidden layer, and the output layer where the hidden layer is the symmetric axis. The input layer and the hidden layer construct the encoding part while the hidden layer and the output layer construct the decoding part. After that, all DAEs are stacked together for fine-tuning. In addition, in the encoding part of each DAE, the weight values and hidden layer values are combined with the original input layer values to establish an SDAE network for load forecasting. Compared with the traditional Back Propagation (BP) neural network and Auto-Encoder, the prediction error decreases from 3.66% and 6.16% to 2.88%. Therefore, the SDAE-based model performs well compared with traditional methods as a new method for short-term electric load forecasting in Chinese cities.

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Fujiwara, Koichi, Shota Miyatani, Asuka Goda, Miho Miyajima, Tetsuo Sasano, and Manabu Kano. "Autoencoder-Based Extrasystole Detection and Modification of RRI Data for Precise Heart Rate Variability Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 3235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093235.

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Heart rate variability, which is the fluctuation of the R-R interval (RRI) in electrocardiograms (ECG), has been widely adopted for autonomous evaluation. Since the HRV features that are extracted from RRI data easily fluctuate when arrhythmia occurs, RRI data with arrhythmia need to be modified appropriately before HRV analysis. In this study, we consider two types of extrasystoles—premature ventricular contraction (PVC) and premature atrial contraction (PAC)—which are types of extrasystoles that occur every day, even in healthy persons who have no cardiovascular diseases. A unified framework for ectopic RRI detection and a modification algorithm that utilizes an autoencoder (AE) type of neural network is proposed. The proposed framework consists of extrasystole occurrence detection from the RRI data and modification, whose targets are PVC and PAC. The RRI data are monitored by means of the AE in real time in the detection phase, and a denoising autoencoder (DAE) modifies the ectopic RRI caused by the detected extrasystole. These are referred to as AE-based extrasystole detection (AED) and DAE-based extrasystole modification (DAEM), respectively. The proposed framework was applied to real RRI data with PVC and PAC. The result showed that AED achieved a sensitivity of 93% and a false positive rate of 0.08 times per hour. The root mean squared error of the modified RRI decreased to 31% in PVC and 73% in PAC from the original RRI data by DAEM. In addition, the proposed framework was validated through application to a clinical epileptic seizure problem, which showed that it correctly suppressed the false positives caused by PVC. Thus, the proposed framework can contribute to realizing accurate HRV-based health monitoring and medical sensing systems.

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Wang, Zhiyong, and Fathi H. Ghorbel. "Control of Closed Kinematic Chains Using A Singularly Perturbed Dynamics Model." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, no. 1 (November 30, 2005): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2171440.

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In this paper, we propose a novel approach to the control of closed kinematic chains (CKCs). This method is based on a recently developed singularly perturbed model for CKCs. Conventionally, the dynamics of CKCs are described by differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Our approach transfers the control of the original DAE system to the control of an artificially created singularly perturbed system in which the slow dynamics corresponds to the original DAE when the perturbation parameter tends to zero. Compared to control schemes that rely on solving nonlinear algebraic constraint equations, the proposed method uses an ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver to obtain the dependent coordinates, hence, eliminates the need for Newton-type iterations and is amenable to real-time implementation. The composite Lyapunov function method is used to show that the closed-loop system, when controlled by typical open kinematic chain schemes, achieves asymptotic trajectory tracking. Simulations and experimental results on a parallel robot, the Rice planar Delta robot, are also presented to illustrate the efficacy of our method.

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Li, Zhi, and Paul Muir. "B-Spline Gaussian Collocation Software for Two-Dimensional Parabolic PDEs." Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 5, no. 04 (August 2013): 528–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.13-13s09.

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AbstractIn this paper we describe newB-spline Gaussian collocation software for solving two-dimensional parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) defined over a rectangular region. The numerical solution is represented as a bi-variate piecewise polynomial (using a tensor productB-spline basis) with time-dependent unknown coefficients. These coefficients are determined by imposing collocation conditions: the numerical solution is required to satisfy the PDE and boundary conditions at images of the Gauss points mapped onto certain subregions of the spatial domain. This leads to a large system of time-dependent differential algebraic equations (DAEs) which is solved using the DAE solver, DASPK. We provide numerical results in which we use the new software, called BACOL2D, to solve three test problems.

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Manko, D. J., and W. L. Whittaker. "Inverse Dynamic Models of Closed-Chain Mechanisms With Contact Compliance." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2916929.

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A general inverse dynamic model which is applicable to closed-chain mechanisms with contact compliance is presented. This class of mechanism has relatively rigid members and joints, but experiences compliant interactions with objects and the environment; examples include walking machines operating on natural terrain, devices for grasping a compliant object, and wheeled mobile robots. Previous approaches for formulating inverse dynamic models of compliant mechanisms have been approximations or limited to simple configurations and open-chain mechanisms. Inverse dynamic equations for closed-chain mechanisms with contact compliance are shown to be solvable sets of differential/algebraic equtaions (DAEs) which assures that stable and accurate solutions can be calculated; relevant characteristics and solutions of DAE systems are discussed.

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Wethkamp, Nils, Helmut Hanenberg, Sarah Funke, Christoph V. Suschek, Wiebke Wetzel, Sebastian Heikaus, Edgar Grinstein, et al. "Daxx-β and Daxx-γ, Two Novel Splice Variants of the Transcriptional Co-repressor Daxx." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 22 (April 10, 2011): 19576–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.196311.

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Daxx is involved in transcriptional control and apoptosis. It comprises several domains, including a regulatory C terminus that is responsible for the interaction with numerous proteins such as p53, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), and Hsp27. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of two novel variants of Daxx termed Daxx-β and Daxx-γ, which are generated by alternative splicing. Alternative splicing results in a truncated regulatory C terminus in both proteins. As a consequence, Daxx-β and Daxx-γ show a markedly decreased affinity to PML, which in turn is associated with a different subnuclear localization of these proteins compared with Daxx. Although Daxx is localized mainly in PML-oncogenic domains (PODs) Daxx-β and Daxx-γ display a distinct distribution pattern. Furthermore, Daxx-β and Daxx-γ show a decreased affinity to p53 also due to the truncated C terminus. We provide evidence that the p53 recruitment into PODs is Daxx isoform-dependent. The decreased affinity of Daxx-β/-γ to p53 and PML results in a diffuse localization of p53 throughout the nucleus. In contrast to Daxx, Daxx-β and Daxx-γ are unable to repress p53-mediated transcription. Therefore, alternative splicing of Daxx might indicate an additional level in the cellular apoptosis network.

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Fehervari, Zoltan. "Daxx the downregulator." Nature Immunology 15, no. 6 (May 19, 2014): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2900.

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Blajer, Wojciech, Robert Seifried, and Krzysztof Kołodziejczyk. "Diversity of Servo-Constraint Problems for Underactuated Mechanical Systems: A Case Study Illustration." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.473.

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Underactuated mechanical systems are systems with fewer control inputs than degrees of freedom. Determination of an input control strategy that forces an underactuated system to complete specified in time outputs (servo-constraints), whose number is equal to the number of inputs, can be a challenging task. Diversity of the servo-constraint problems is discussed here using a simple spring-mass system mounted on a carriage (two degrees of freedom, one control input, and one specified in time output). A formulation of underactuated system dynamics which includes the output coordinates is motivated, with the governing equations arising either as ODEs (ordinary differential equations) or DAEs (differential-algebraic equations). Solutions to the servo-constraint problem are then discussed with reference to so-called non-flat systems (with internal dynamics) and differentially flat systems (no internal dynamics). Some computational issues related to the ODE and DAE formulations are finally discussed, and relevant simulation results for the sample case study are reported.

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Liu, Fang, Zhi-Yin Du, Jun-Lin He, Xue-Qing Liu, Qiu-Bo Yu, and Ying-Xiong Wang. "FTH1 binds to Daxx and inhibits Daxx-mediated cell apoptosis." Molecular Biology Reports 39, no. 2 (May 15, 2011): 873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-0811-5.

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Liu, Rui, Ashraf Aboulnaga, and Kenneth Salem. "DAX." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 6, no. 4 (February 2013): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/2535570.2488332.

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Ecsedy, Jeffrey A., Jennifer S. Michaelson, and Philip Leder. "Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 Modulates Daxx Localization, Phosphorylation, and Transcriptional Activity." Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 950–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.3.950-960.2003.

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ABSTRACT We describe an interaction between homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1) and Daxx, two transcriptional regulators important in transducing growth-regulatory signals. We demonstrate that HIPK1 is ubiquitously expressed in mice and humans and localizes predominantly to the nucleus. Daxx normally resides within the nucleus in promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) oncogenic domains (PODs), where it physically interacts with PML. Under certain circumstances, Daxx is relocalized from PODs to chromatin, where it then acts as a transcriptional repressor through an association with histone deacetylase (HDAC1). We propose two novel mechanisms for regulating the activity of Daxx, both mediated by HIPK1. First, HIPK1 physically interacts with Daxx in cells and consequently relocalizes Daxx from PODs. Daxx relocalization disrupts its interaction with PML and augments its interaction with HDAC1, likely influencing Daxx activity. Although the relocalization of Daxx from PODs is phosphorylation independent, an active HIPK1 kinase domain is required, suggesting that HIPK1 autophosphorylation is important in this interaction. Second, HIPK1 phosphorylates Daxx on Ser 669, and phosphorylation of this site is important in modulating the ability of Daxx to function as a transcriptional repressor. Mutation of Daxx Ser 669 to Ala results in increased repression in three of four transcriptional reporters, suggesting that phosphorylation by HIPK1 diminishes Daxx transcriptional repression of specific promoters. Taken together, our results indicate that HIPK1 and Daxx collaborate in regulating transcription.

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Han, Zhezhu, Yeonsoo Joo, Jihyun Lee, Suwan Ko, Rong Xu, Geun-Hyeok Oh, Soojin Choi, Jeong A. Hong, Hye Jin Choi, and Jae J. Song. "High levels of Daxx due to low cellular levels of HSP25 in murine cancer cells result in inefficient adenovirus replication." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 51, no. 10 (October 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-019-0321-4.

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Abstract When the adenoviral protein E1B55K binds death domain-associated protein (Daxx), the proteasome-dependent degradation of Daxx is initiated, and adenoviral replication is effectively maintained. Here, we show that the cellular levels of Daxx differ between human and mouse cancer cell lines. Specifically, we observed higher cellular Daxx levels and the diminished replication of oncolytic adenovirus in mouse cancer cell lines, suggesting that cellular Daxx levels limit the replication of oncolytic adenoviruses that lack E1B55K in murine cells. Indeed, the replication of oncolytic adenoviruses that lack E1B55K was significantly increased following infection with oncolytic adenovirus expressing Daxx-specific shRNA. Cellular Daxx levels were decreased in mouse cells expressing heat shock protein 25 (HSP25; homolog of human HSP27) following heat shock or stable transfection with HSP25-bearing plasmids. Furthermore, Daxx expression in murine cell lines was primarily regulated at the transcriptional level via HSP25-mediated inhibition of the nuclear translocation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) protein, which typically upregulates Daxx transcription. Conversely, human HSP27 enhanced stat3 activity to increase Daxx transcription. Interestingly, human Daxx, but not mouse Daxx, was degraded as normal by ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation; however, HSP27 downregulation induced the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of Daxx.

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Greger, James G., Richard A. Katz, Alexander M. Ishov, Gerd G. Maul, and Anna Marie Skalka. "The Cellular Protein Daxx Interacts with Avian Sarcoma Virus Integrase and Viral DNA To Repress Viral Transcription." Journal of Virology 79, no. 8 (April 15, 2005): 4610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.8.4610-4618.2005.

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ABSTRACT The cellular protein Daxx was identified as an interactor with avian sarcoma virus (ASV) integrase (IN) in a yeast two-hybrid screen. After infection, Daxx-IN interactions were detected by coimmunoprecipitation. An association between Daxx and viral DNA, likely mediated by IN, was also detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Daxx was not required for early events in ASV replication, including integration, as Daxx-null cells were transduced as efficiently as Daxx-expressing cells. However, viral reporter gene expression from ASV-based vectors was substantially higher in the Daxx-null cells than in Daxx-complemented cells. Consistent with this observation, histone deacetylases (HDACs) were found to associate with viral DNA in Daxx-complemented cells but not in Daxx-null cells. Furthermore, Daxx protein was induced in an interferon-like manner upon ASV infection. We conclude that Daxx interacts with an IN-viral DNA complex early after infection and may mediate the repression of viral gene expression via the recruitment of HDACs. Our findings provide a novel example of cellular immunity against viral replication in which viral transcription is repressed via the recruitment of antiviral proteins to the viral DNA.

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Chen, Liuh-Yow, and J. Don Chen. "Daxx Silencing Sensitizes Cells to Multiple Apoptotic Pathways." Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, no. 20 (October 15, 2003): 7108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.20.7108-7121.2003.

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ABSTRACT Daxx is a nuclear protein involved in apoptosis and transcriptional repression, and it interacts with the death receptor Fas, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), and several transcriptional repressors. The function of Daxx in apoptosis is controversial because opposite results were obtained in transient overexpression and genetic knockout studies. Furthermore, the roles of PML and transcriptional repression in Daxx-regulated apoptosis are currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Daxx in Fas- and stress-induced apoptosis by small interfering RNA-mediated Daxx silencing in mammalian cells. Daxx silencing had no apparent cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells within 72 h. Intriguingly, Daxx silencing strongly sensitized cells to Fas- and stress-induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by caspase activation, cytochrome c release, and Jun N-terminal kinase activation. Consistently, endogenous Daxx was degraded rapidly upon induction of apoptosis by stress or anti-Fas antibody. Finally, PML silencing had no effect on Daxx silencing-mediated apoptotic events, while caspase gene expression was upregulated in the absence of Daxx. These data strongly suggest that Daxx may inhibit Fas and stress-mediated apoptosis by suppressing proapoptotic gene expression outside of PML domains.

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Ueda, Hiroki, Yoshimitsu Akiyama, Shu Shimada, Kaoru Mogushi, Misaki Serizawa, Satoshi Matsumura, Yusuke Mitsunori, et al. "Tumor suppressor functions of DAXX through histone H3.3/H3K9me3 pathway in pancreatic NETs." Endocrine-Related Cancer 25, no. 6 (June 2018): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-17-0328.

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Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) have considerable malignant potential. Frequent somatic mutations and loss of DAXX protein expression have been found in PanNETs. DAXX is known as a transcriptional repressor; however, molecular functions underlying DAXX loss remain unclear in PanNETs. We evaluated DAXX expression by immunohistochemistry in 44 PanNETs.DAXX-knockdown (KD) and -knockout (KO) PanNET cells were analyzed forin vitroandvivo. The target genes were screened by microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays for DAXX, histone H3.3 and H3K9me3 complex. In clinicopathological features, low DAXX expression was significantly correlated with nonfunctional tumors, higher Ki-67 index and WHO grade. Microarray and ChIP assays ofDAXX-KD/KO identified 12 genes as the direct targets of DAXX transcriptional repressor. Among them, expression of five genes including STC2 was suppressed by DAXX/H3.3/H3K9me3 pathway.DAXX-KD/KO cells enhanced sphere forming activity, but its effect was suppressed by knockdown ofSTC2. In xenograft models, tumorigenicity and tumor vessel density were significantly increased inDAXX-KO cells with high expression of STC2. Clinically, higher recurrence rate was recognized in PanNETs with low expression of DAXX and high expression of STC2 than others (P = 0.018). Our data suggest that DAXX plays as a tumor suppressor and DAXX/H3.3 complex suppresses target genes by promoting H3K9me3 in PanNETs. Combination of DAXX loss and its target gene STC2 overexpression might be effective biomarkers and therapeutic candidates.

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Kim, Sung-Min, Won-Hee Hur, Byung-Yoon Kang, Sung-Won Lee, Pu-Reun Roh, Dong-Jun Park, Pil-Soo Sung, and Seung-Kew Yoon. "Death-Associated Protein 6 (Daxx) Alleviates Liver Fibrosis by Modulating Smad2 Acetylation." Cells 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071742.

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Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been identified as an inducer of hepatocyte epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which triggers liver fibrosis. Death-associated protein 6 (Daxx) is known to be associated with the TGF-β-induced apoptotic pathway, but the function of Daxx in liver fibrosis remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Daxx in liver fibrosis. We used liver fibrosis tissues from humans and mice to assess Daxx expression. EMT properties and TGF-β signaling pathway activation were investigated in the Daxx-overexpressing FL83B cell line. The therapeutic effect of Daxx was investigated in a mouse model of liver fibrosis by the hydrodynamic injection of plasmids. The expression of Daxx was markedly decreased in hepatocytes from fibrotic human and mouse livers, as well as in hepatocytes treated with TGF-β in vitro. The overexpression of Daxx inhibited the EMT process by interfering with the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that Daxx reduced the transcriptional activity of Smad2 by binding to its MH1 domain and interfering with Smad2 acetylation. In addition, the therapeutic delivery of Daxx alleviated liver fibrosis in a thioacetamide-induced fibrosis mouse model. Overall, our results indicate that Daxx could be a potential therapeutic target to modulate fibrogenesis, as well as a useful biomarker for liver fibrosis.

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Xayasouk, Thanongsak, HwaMin Lee, and Giyeol Lee. "Air Pollution Prediction Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Deep Autoencoder (DAE) Models." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062570.

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Many countries worldwide have poor air quality due to the emission of particulate matter (i.e., PM10 and PM2.5), which has led to concerns about human health impacts in urban areas. In this study, we developed models to predict fine PM concentrations using long short-term memory (LSTM) and deep autoencoder (DAE) methods, and compared the model results in terms of root mean square error (RMSE). We applied the models to hourly air quality data from 25 stations in Seoul, South Korea, for the period from 1 January 2015, to 31 December 2018. Fine PM concentrations were predicted for the 10 days following this period, at an optimal learning rate of 0.01 for 100 epochs with batch sizes of 32 for LSTM model, and DAEs model performed best with batch size 64. The proposed models effectively predicted fine PM concentrations, with the LSTM model showing slightly better performance. With our forecasting model, it is possible to give reliable fine dust prediction information for the area where the user is located.

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López-Garrido, Javier, Nancy Cheng, Fátima García-Quintanilla, Francisco García-del Portillo, and Josep Casadesús. "Identification of the Salmonella enterica damX Gene Product, an Inner Membrane Protein Involved in Bile Resistance." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 3 (November 30, 2009): 893–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01220-09.

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ABSTRACT The damX gene product of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a protein located in the inner membrane. DamX migrates as a 70-kDa protein in SDS-PAGE even though the predicted protein size is 46 kDa. Synthesis of DamX protein occurs in both exponential- and stationary-phase cultures. Disruption of damX causes severe sensitivity to bile. Lack of the outer membrane protein AsmA suppresses bile sensitivity in Salmonella damX mutants.

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Mahmud, Iqbal, and Daiqing Liao. "DAXX in cancer: phenomena, processes, mechanisms and regulation." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 7734–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz634.

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AbstractDAXX displays complex biological functions. Remarkably, DAXX overexpression is a common feature in diverse cancers, which correlates with tumorigenesis, disease progression and treatment resistance. Structurally, DAXX is modular with an N-terminal helical bundle, a docking site for many DAXX interactors (e.g. p53 and ATRX). DAXX’s central region folds with the H3.3/H4 dimer, providing a H3.3-specific chaperoning function. DAXX has two functionally critical SUMO-interacting motifs. These modules are connected by disordered regions. DAXX’s structural features provide a framework for deciphering how DAXX mechanistically imparts its functions and how its activity is regulated. DAXX modulates transcription through binding to transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, and chromatin remodelers. DAXX’s localization in the PML nuclear bodies also plays roles in transcriptional regulation. DAXX-regulated genes are likely important effectors of its biological functions. Deposition of H3.3 and its interactions with epigenetic modifiers are likely key events for DAXX to regulate transcription, DNA repair, and viral infection. Interactions between DAXX and its partners directly impact apoptosis and cell signaling. DAXX’s activity is regulated by posttranslational modifications and ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Notably, the tumor suppressor SPOP promotes DAXX degradation in phase-separated droplets. We summarize here our current understanding of DAXX’s complex functions with a focus on how it promotes oncogenesis.

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Zhong, Sue, Paolo Salomoni, Simona Ronchetti, Ailan Guo, Davide Ruggero, and Pier Paolo Pandolfi. "Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein (Pml) and Daxx Participate in a Novel Nuclear Pathway for Apoptosis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 191, no. 4 (February 21, 2000): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.191.4.631.

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The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) gene of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) encodes a cell growth and tumor suppressor essential for multiple apoptotic signals. Daxx was identified as a molecule important for the cytoplasmic transduction of the Fas proapoptotic stimulus. Here, we show that upon mitogenic activation of mature splenic lymphocytes, Daxx is dramatically upregulated and accumulates in the PML nuclear body (NB) where PML and Daxx physically interact. In the absence of PML, Daxx acquires a dispersed nuclear pattern, and activation-induced cell death of splenocytes is profoundly impaired. PML inactivation results in the complete abrogation of the Daxx proapoptotic ability. In APL cells, Daxx is delocalized from the NB. Upon retinoic acid treatment, which induces disease remission in APL, Daxx relocalizes to the PML NBs. These results indicate that PML and Daxx cooperate in a novel NB-dependent pathway for apoptosis and shed new light in the role of PML in tumor suppression.

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Chen, Ya-Chun, Tsung-Hsien Lee, and Shu-Ling Tzeng. "Reduced DAXX Expression Is Associated with Reduced CD24 Expression in Colorectal Cancer." Cells 8, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101242.

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The presence of an activating mutation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is found in ~90% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. Death domain-associated protein (DAXX), a nuclear protein, interacts with β-catenin in CRC cells. We investigated DAXX expression in 106 matched sample pairs of CRC and adjacent normal tissue by Western blotting. This study evaluated DAXX expression and its clinical implications in CRC. The results revealed that DAXX expression was significantly lower in the patients with the positive serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) screening results compared to the patients with negative CEA screening levels (p < 0.001). It has been reported that CD24 is a Wnt target in CRC cells. Here, we further revealed that DAXX expression was significantly correlated with CD24 expression (rho = 0.360, p < 0.001) in 106 patients. Consistent with this, in the CEA-positive subgroup, of which the carcinomas expressed DAXX at low levels, they were significantly correlated with CD24 expression (rho = 0.461, p < 0.005). Therefore, reduced DAXX expression is associated with reduced CD24 expression in CRC. Notably, in the Hct116 cells, DAXX knockdown using short-hairpin RNA against DAXX (shDAXX) not only caused significant cell proliferation, but also promoted metastasis. The DAXX-knockdown cells also demonstrated significantly decreased CD24 expression, however the intracellular localization of CD24 did not change. Thus, DAXX might be considered as a potential regulator of CD24 or β-catenin expression, which might be correlated with proliferative and metastatic potential of CRC.

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Shan, Zhiyan, Li Liu, Jingling Shen, Haiyue Hao, Honghong Zhang, Lei Lei, Feng Liu, and Zhipeng Wang. "Enhanced UV Resistance Role of Death Domain–Associated Protein in Human MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells by Regulation of G2 DNA Damage Checkpoint." Cell Transplantation 29 (January 1, 2020): 096368972092027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689720920277.

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Purpose: Death domain–associated protein (DAXX) is a multifunctional nuclear protein involved in apoptosis, transcription, deoxyribonucleic acid damage response, and tumorigenesis. However, the role of DAXX in breast cancer development and progression remains elusive. In this study, we examined the expression patterns and function of DAXX in human breast cancer samples and cell lines. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression and localization patterns of DAXX. Additionally, we investigated whether DAXX played an intrinsic role in the cellular response to damage induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (isolated at M D Anderson from a pleural effusion of a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma). Results: Our results showed that nucleus size, chromatin organization, and DAXX localization were altered in breast cancer tissues compared with those in control tissues. Compared with cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in benign breast tissues, DAXX was colocalized with promyelocytic leukemia in nuclei with a granular distribution. Endogenous DAXX messenger ribonucleic acid levels were upregulated upon UV radiation in MDA-MB-231 cells. DAXX-deficient cells tended to be more sensitive to irradiation than control cells. Conversely, DAXX-overexpressing cells exhibited reduced phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) accumulation, increased cell survival, and resistance to UV-induced damage. The protective effects of DAXX may be related to the activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-checkpoint kinase 2 (ATM-CHK2)-cell division cycle 25c (CDC25c) signaling pathways in Gap2/Mitosis (G2/M) checkpoint and ultimately cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggested that DAXX may be an essential component in breast cancer initiation, malignant progression, and radioresistance.

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Gibson, Becky Gould. "Daeg-Weorc (Day-Work)." Feminist Studies 27, no. 2 (2001): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3178767.

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Mukhopadhyay, Debaditya, and Michael J. Matunis. "SUMmOning Daxx-Mediated Repression." Molecular Cell 42, no. 1 (April 2011): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.03.008.

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Pickren, Wade E., and W. J. McKeachie. "Dael Wolfle (1906-2002)." American Psychologist 58, no. 9 (2003): 758–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.58.9.758.

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Iannelli, Luigi, Carmen Pedicini, Stephan Trenn, and Francesco Vasca. "Averaging for switched DAEs." PAMM 13, no. 1 (November 29, 2013): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201310237.

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Berger, Thomas. "Controlled invariance for DAEs." PAMM 15, no. 1 (October 2015): 623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201510301.

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Herlevi, M., and M. Paloheimo. "Cyclopropane and Datex Capnomac." Anaesthesia 46, no. 10 (October 1991): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09626.x.

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Zölzer, Udo, and Julius O. Smith III. "DAFX—Digital Audio Effects." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114, no. 5 (2003): 2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1616923.

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Journal articles on the topic 'DAEX'

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