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Academic literature on the topic 'Dagsljusfaktor'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dagsljusfaktor"
Kristo, Pasi, and Carl-Fredrik Schollin. "Användningsmöjligheter för lastbärande trä-glaselement :." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-55076.
Full textHejdenberg, Charlotte, and Malin Brattström. "Fönstersättningars påverkan på dagsljuset i bostadsrum." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174186.
Full text1. Background There is a large amount of literature that deals with windows, covering aspects such as their history, design and production in depth and detail. However, very little has been written and published about how windows should actually be placed and designed in order to achieve the best daylight conditions in a room. The correlation between the figuration of a building and the daylight conditions has interested people for a long time. In recent times, the focus on windows’ technological development has increased. Combined with increasing demands from customers and entrepreneurs a large quantity of the aesthetic values of a window has been lost. The idea of this thesis arose while the students asked themselves the following question: In what way does the impression of a room change if the window is placed differently but the other conditions of the room remain the same? 1.1 Intended objective The intended objective of the content is to find at least five factors that have a decisive impact on the daylight in a room’s measurable and immeasurable qualities. 2. Description of current situation Nowadays when looking at a window as an architectural element, more and more focus is placed on how windows should be created. Window designers must take into account what type of glass the window should consist of to create a proper U-value or what type of glass should be used in areas with high levels of noise. According to Lars Dahlborg, a lightning designer at Sweco, awareness in the industry of light and its properties is increasing while the knowledge of the subject still is very low, especially in terms of creating an optimal flow of light. 3. Methodology The different methods that have been used to fulfill the goals with this thesis can be separated into three different parts, each described down below. 3.1 Full-scale experiments To get a realistic impression of each and every window placement and its impact on different lightning parameters a full-scale experiment has been made in a daylight room located at The Royal Institute of Technology in Handen, Stockholm. The daylight room is 7.1 meters deep and 4.2 meters wide, which gives a floor area of 30 m². The room is located at the fifth floor and the short side of the room consists of a window section which is oriented through north. By photographing the daylight room at different window placements in the full-scale experiment the experience of the room has been able to become documented. The room has been photographed from three different angles, at the middle of each long side and in the middle of the short side wall at the far end of the room. Every angle has been photographed from a standing and seated perspective. To measure the illuminance created by the different window placements an instrument who calculates the specific illuminance in a definite point has been used. In this case the instrument has been used at 12 different points on the floor for each and every experiment to create an average value for the entire room. During the implementation of the full-scale experiment different parts of the window section has been covered with pieces of cardboard, according to what the different window placement has allowed. The room's character in each window placement has been described based on the following measurable and immeasurable qualities: Measurable: Window glass share - the size of the window glass area in relation to the size of the floor area Time and date of the experiment Daylight factor – calculated partly on the basis of the full-scale experiment, partly as an average in Velux Visualizer Average of the illuminance in the room Safety – what actions should be taken to the current window type if it should follow BBR's requirements for personal safety in connection with glass? Immeasurable: Light level – how light or dark the room is experienced Size – does the window type affect the impression of the room size? View – how is the contact with the external environment at the current window type? Light distribution - how is the light distributed in the room? Shadows – how the shadows in the room are perceived in connection with the current window type 3.2 Velux Visualizer Velux is a company that among many other things offers the program Velux Visualizer, a program that can be downloaded for free at their webpage. This program gives the opportunity to build a model of a room or a building in order to see how different windows and window placements would appear in a certain environment in reality. Velux Visualizer is constructed to show the luminance, illuminance and daylight factor of a specific area in the created model. Concerning illuminance and daylight factor the program is capable of producing an average value of a specific area of the model. In this study a depth of the room corresponding half of the room is relevant. 3.3 Building project How the light affects the architectonical experience in a room is not always corresponding to what once was planned, especially if not looking at different seasons of the year. The formation of the window recess and the impact on different lightning parameters are something that has not been possible to study in the earlier mentioned full-scale experiment. To widen the knowledge on the subject daylight flow in a room, different building projects have been visited. Following projects have been visited where two out of three were unfurnished: Sjövikshöjden 5, JM new production, Liljeholmen (unfurnished). Apartment in Enskede (unfurnished). Brf Borggården, Bonum, Bromma (furnished). 4. Theory A variety of background theory has been studied to investigate how window placement affects the daylight conditions of residential interiors. The background theory is presented from different subject areas such as window’s architectural history, view, current Swedish rules for glass in buildings, the Swedish certification system Miljöbyggnad and the program Velux Visualizer. Glare, daylight factor and indicative values for light are also examples of topics that have been studied, and where the background theory has been explained in this thesis. A room with a good daylight illumination is characterized by acceptable levels of illuminance and low glare levels. The glare impact itself is difficult to measure. Glare arises when there are great contrasts in brightness between an area and its surroundings. The contrasts between the window glass and the wall surface could be mitigated if the window and its surroundings have a bright color scheme. There are different methods to calculate the daylight factor, but every method is based on calculations from a uniform overcast sky. The daylight factor is stated in percentage and is the ratio between the daylight’s illuminance inside and outside during the same weather conditions. For example, if the illuminance inside is 300 lux and the corresponding value outside is 15 000 lux the value of the daylight factor is 2 %. The average of the daylight factor could be linked with the need of artificial light by: DF-value > 5 % - is a relatively high value for the daylight factor. Artificial light is not usually essential during daytime. 5 % > DF-value > 2 % - the daylight in the room is significant, areas of work and desks should have artificial light. DF-value < 2 % - the need of artificial light in the room is big and will be the major light source in the room. The daylight’s illuminance from the sky varies widely depending on weather and season. The following values can be used as a guideline for calculations of daylight factors. All the values are very approximate and can only be used for general estimations. Illuminance values outside during different seasons, clear sky: Summer – 100 000 lux Spring/Autumn – 65 000 lux Winter – 25 000 lux Illuminance values outside during different seasons, overcast sky: Summer – 20 000 lux Spring/Autumn – 15 000 lux Winter – 7 000 lux 5. Conclusion The impact of window placement on the daylight conditions of residential interiors have been investigated in this thesis through different methods and solutions. The data collected by each method is presented through pictures, sheets and diagrams together with an associated comment on the result. The conclusion of the methods is summarized through the measurable, immeasurable and general issues below: Measurable: Increase the recommendation: The recommendation in the current situation from the authority Boverket should increase from today’s value of 10 % window glass area in relation to the floor area. Based on the results of this thesis, the recommendation should as a suggestion be raised to a value of 13 % of the floor area. A large percentage of the window glass area does not guarantee that the illuminance and the daylight factor get high values. Immeasurable: The well-being of a room is mostly affected by the window placement’s generated view. A well placed window decreases the need of artificial light. High placed windows causes that the daylight reaches further into the room. The experience of the width of a room can be enhanced through horizontal window placements. Bright color schemes gives gentle light contrasts and reduces the risk of glare. Consider the external environment’s impact on a light beam, such as adjoining facades and objects, when it comes to window placement. Maximize the use of daylight. Generally: The same type of calculations gets different results depending on if the calculations were made by hand or in the program Velux Visualizer. The large amount of depending factors makes it difficult to prescribe a general work module that can be used during window projection.
Chaban, Nourdjan, and William Westerlund. "Dagsljus och Miljöbyggnad, : en studie av projekteringen bakom Brf Djurgårdsvyn." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213700.
Full textNatural daylight is important for our wellbeing and therefore the social sustainability of our community. Daylight today carries a low priority in the development of local plans and in the planning of residential housing. There are high demands on the sustainability in the urban planning project Norra Djurgårdsstaden in Stockholm. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how architects manage daylight distribution in the planning of a residential house regarding the high demands on sustainability in Norra Djurgårdsstaden. The case study is compared to two other buildings that have no demands on sustainability regarding daylight. The analysis builds on a series of interviews, daylight simulations in Daylight Visualizer and manual calculations of daylight. The results are connected with the different demands set on each project. Those demands are BBR and Miljöbyggnad. The results show that the daylight distribution is larger in the building that has a demand for an environmental certification and that solar thermal loads are lower in those building that do not have these demands. Architects acknowledge that daylight requirements are hard to achieve. They find the biggest complication to be the urbanization of cities. Management of daylight varies from project to project but is generally seen as time consuming. There is a demand for easier tools to meet up with today’s requirements. Local plans affect the possibilities to achieve the daylight requirements. Daylight needs to be considered more in the development of these plans.
Dahlberg, Merike. "Solvärmelastens, dagsljusfaktorns och det termiska klimatets inverkan med olika fönster för Miljöbyggnad : En studie på Kv. Svalan i Uppsala." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14531.
Full textThis report of 15 credits has had the goal to find a guide for planning window for buildings to be certified with Miljöbyggnad. The certification process includes calculation of solar heat load, giving a figure of how much sun heat is coming into the building, which may needs to be ventilated or cooled off during the summer. The certification process also demands the daylight factor, which gives a figure of how much natural light enters the building. These two aspects affects each other in a negative way, why various tests have been done using a variety of computer simulations to find what kind of window area would be appropriate to get a good rating in Miljöbyggnad. It has also been tested for the thermal climate, which is another aspect Miljöbyggnad investigates, and that windows can influence. The work uses an upcoming office building, Svalan in Uppsala, as a model for these tests. As there are many different parameters that are needed to make all the simulations and calculations it is difficult to make a guide that works for all projects. In this work there are two equally sized offices that have windows facing different directions and with different g-values, to see the differences in these simulations have been made for various window areas and different window placements. For the simulations, the IDA-ICE 4 and Velux Daylight Visualizer have been used. The work resulted in that the window's placement in the room has a big difference for daylight factor, and also for the window form, however none of the solar load. To affect solar heat load, the glass area of the window can be changed, the g-value, or the floor area of the room. When these parameters seem positive for the solar heat load, are they affecting negatively the daylight factor, therefore the building planner have to find a good level found that works for both solar heat load and the daylight factor. For the project with two offices in Svalan gave the result; to get GOLD in both solar heat load and daylight factor will not work without sun screening. As best reach one of them GOLD and the other SILVER, which can be in the final grade yet sufficient to reach the best grade GOLD with Miljöbyggnad, as long as this projects other Miljöbyggnad factors gives results which is good enough.
Andersson, Ida. "Optimal fönsterstorlek : En optimering av fönsters storlek och konstruktion för att skapa ett stort dagsljusinsläpp och en liten solvärmelast." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86093.
Full textFredriksson, Jane, and Angelica Weissmann. "Effektivisering vid bedömningsprocessen av indikatorn Dagsljus för miljöcertifieringsmetoden Miljöbyggnad : Ett förprojekteringsverktyg." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19641.
Full textDaylight in buildings is important for both physical and mental health. Daylighting in buildings is transferred through windows, but the windows are also the building component that causes the greatest energy loss in a building. Therefore, there is a problem in creating a good balance between design, energy efficiency and thermal comfort while maintaining a sufficient daylight to be applied in buildings where people are staying. This thesis comprising 15 hp aims to efficiency and simplify the assessment of satisfying daylight, to achieve the requirements of the environmental certification method Miljöbyggnad, where neighboring factors such as energy and the thermal environment is studied. The goal was to establish a pre-planning tool for the indicator Daylight that can be used in the future by consultants and similar when a building is assessed by environmental certification according to the method Miljöbyggnad. The tool is based on computer models of experimental room with different conditions where the daylight factor, DF, was controlled. The computer programs Velux, ParaSol and Thermal Comfort Calculator where applied during the study. Parametric studies were performed to illustrate the connection between daylight factor, window area and the shape and size of the room, resulting in the establishment of two charts. To check that the parameter results of the study can be applied to real-world objects and rooms a case study was performed on the building Ängsbacken in Sandviken. This case study validated that the diagrams drawn can appreciate a daylight factor, DF, for a room that can then obtain a preliminary rating for the indicator Daylight in Miljöbyggnad. The diagrams can be used as a rough pre-planning tool that can be applied when the consultant, architect or similar knows the room depth and facadewall area (width and height of the room) but want to know how big window needed to achieve BRONZE or SILVER for indicator Daylight in Miljöbyggnad. In the future it might be interesting to study if there is also a correlation between the three indicators Daylight, Solar Thermal Load and Thermal environment and the impact of windows, sun screens etc. which can affect the daylight factor. For all test room modeled and applied in the study, grade GOLD were obtained for the Solarheating. For the Thermal environment all the test room obtained the grade SILVER. These indicators seem unaffected by the geometry just as much as the daylight factor, which takes more into account both the room and the window size and design. Therefore the assessment according to Miljöbyggnad paramount lie on meeting a satisfying daylight by checking that the daylight factor is fulfilled in the room, which can easily be performed with the help of this studies pre-planning tool. The effective pre-planning tool can be used to simplify and speed up the evaluation process and appreciate a score for indicator Daylight in Miljöbyggnad. By making use of the tool in an early planning stage, where the use of time-consuming computer programs is avoided, both the cost and time can be minimized.
Sahraoui, Emir. "Dagsljusfaktorer vid Miljöcertifiering av Byggnader -En jämförelse mellan beräkningar och mätningar. : Daylight factors in the Environmental Certification of buildings-A comparison between Calculations and Measurements." Thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-156178.
Full textLindberg, Jonathan, and Jacob Brismo. "Moderna skolmiljöer: god tillgång till dagsljus genom tidig integrering av statiska, dynamiska och kvalitativa mätindikatorer : Ett gestaltningsförslag med lärdomar ur undersökningar av studieobjekt och dagsljussimuleringar." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68019.
Full textCurrently more housing is being built than in the past 60 years. There are many challenges accompanied with the volume of housing that needs to be built. Many of the dwellings that are going to be built are placed in new densely planned urban areas, which imposes requirements for infrastructure investments, for example in the form of new schools. According to forecasts, the number of students in primary school will increase by 250,000 by the year 2025. This implies a need for approximately 1000 new schools in ten years. The need for new schools are long term and therefore the learning environments need to be designed to be long term. Daylight and view have a major impact on our work environment, performance and are necessary for our health. Studies have shown that daylight-lit school environments enhance the performance of the students. The building legislation regulates the required levels using the daylight factor metric. Since the 50’s the requirements of daylight levels in schools have been approximately halved from 2 % to 1,0 %. Today the daylight requirements are the same for classrooms as for bedrooms in dwellings. The purpose of this thesis is to examine modern school environments in relation to today's regulatory requirements for access to daylight. Furthermore, the work aims to produce good examples of daylight solutions that can be used when designing modern school environments against the regulatory requirements. To assess the daylight access in modern schools, a selection of three nursery schools and two primary schools in the vicinity of Stockholm were chosen. Case studies were conducted using the 3D modelling software, Rhinoceros 3D and the daylight factor was then simulated using the Grasshopper and Honeybee plug-ins. The schools were modelled according to the acquired drawings and daylight were performed using the simulation engine Radiance. The result from the daylight factor simulation show that none of the schools examined fully meet the requirements. The reasons why the examined schools do not meet the requirements vary between or constitute a combination of; room depth, window size, window façade, obstruction angles, obstructing components and shading devices. The study shows that rooms such as: common areas and study hall often lack windows towards the outside and therefore only gets borrowed light from other areas. These kinds of rooms are common when using progressive pedagogical approaches. Depending on the intended future use of the rooms, they may be classified in such a way that they need to fulfil the regulations regarding daylight. From the literature review it is understood that early integration of daylight design in the design process is necessary to ensure good accesses to daylight in learnings environments. As a part of the thesis project, a design proposal has been developed using a daylight design process. During the design process, the access to daylight has been iteratively simulated to motivate selected design choices and ensure a good daylight level. For comparison and site-specific results, climate-based simulation methods have been used. The use of the Optimal Day-lit Area (ODA) metric measures the usefulness of the available daylight illumination intensity over a year. At the same time, ODA takes the eventual over lit areas that may cause overheating and glare into account. The presented design proposal demonstrates the use of an integrated daylight design process and its results.
Sohl, Lovisa, and Caps Laura-Marie Svensson. "En studie om dagsljus : Förtätning av staden och dess påverkan på befintliga byggnader." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276976.
Full textOver the past couple of decades Sweden has suffered from a housing shortage and the trend towards densification due to ambition of creating cities with economic and social sustainability. It is often missed however that tightly planned cities run the risk of restricting daylight access for occupants. Nordic climates, with their relatively low solar angles and dark winter months pose a particular challenge. An increasing body of research however shows that good access to daylight is crucial to human health and well-being. As such, it stands to follow that protecting daylight access for those living in the city is of great societal benefit. Yet the current Swedish national regulatory structure for protection of daylight access in existing properties gives only vague guidance as to what constitutes an unreasonable reduction of daylight access and/or remedy when an unreasonable reduction in daylight access exists. The resulting uncertainty presents a degree of unwelcome risk to building projects.This study reviews the current state of Swedish legislation for protection of daylight access in existing buildings. With focus on residential buildings it uses results from in-depth case studies to examine possible structures for what a future regulatory framework might look like and discusses the proposal in the context of current Swedish praxis.The study found that in many cases, densification of the city leads to insufficient daylight in existing housing and that today's requirements for natural daylight are inadequate. Ensuring adequate daylight is possible already when planning and should be considered to create a society where human health is secured. The study shows varying results when using current Swedish regulations and the European standard SS-EN 17037:2018. SS-EN 17037:2018 demonstrates a result that is more sensitive to changes in the environment, combined with the standard describing the actual experience of the light in the room making it a more suitable measurement for assessing changes in daylight access for existing properties.
Monfors, Lisa, and Corinne Morell. "Byggnadsutformning för ett framtida varmare klimat : Klimatscenariers påverkan på energianvändning och termisk komfort i ett flerbostadshus och alternativa byggnadsutformningar för att förbättra resultatet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-79953.
Full textWhen buildings are designed climate files from 1981 to 2010 are used to construct the building and its energy system. This leads to building being designed to a climate that has been and not to a future warmer climate that will come. SMHI has developed different climate scenarios for the future that describe different paths the climate can take depending on continued emissions of greenhouse gas. This climate scenarios are called RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) In this study two of the climate scenarios, RCP4,5 and RCP8,5 are used. The number in the name stands for the radiation forcing that is expected in the year 2100. In RCP4,5 the mean average air temperature will increase with 3 °C until year 2100 compared to the reference period 1961-1990. In the same time period RCP8,5 will increase with 5 °C. An apartment building certified according to Miljöbyggnad 2.2 level silver placed in Vallentuna, Stockholms län is used as a reference building. The building is simulated through the simulation software program IDA ICE where it´s exposed to RCP4,5 and RCP8,5. The results demonstrate that the reference building would not meet Miljöbyggnad 2.2 requirement in the indicator about thermal comfort during summer. The operative temperature in the building is too high unless comfort cooling is used. The design of the building changes to see what factors can improve the results regarding the thermal comfort. The results demonstrate that thermal conductivity and solar shading has the greatest impact on thermal comfort. In this study several combinations of different building designs were made. Only the combination of a concrete frame with windows with low g-value met the requirement of Miljöbyggnad 2.2 regarding the thermal comfort during summer without using comfort cooling in RCP4,5 and RCP8,5. The combination had the lowest energy demand in RCP8,5 of all the combinations tested in the study. A combination of cross laminated wood frame with low U-value, windows with low g-value and comfort cooling had the lowest energy demand in the original climate file and RCP4,5 despite the use of comfort cooling. The questing about which building construction is the best from a sustainable perspective is difficult to answer. To answer that question the building´s total climate footprint in both production and use must be calculated. Regardless of the choice of building construction it is important to have in mind when designing a building that comfort cooling and solar shading should be easily applied when a warmer climate will prevail.