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Fei, Weixin, Jie Feng, Songbai Rong, Stephen E. Strelkov, Zhimou Gao, and Sheau-Fang Hwang. "Infection and Gene Expression of the Clubroot Pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae in Resistant and Susceptible Canola Cultivars." Plant Disease 100, no. 4 (April 2016): 824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-15-1255-re.
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Infection by the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae on resistant and susceptible canola cultivars was investigated at various times following inoculation. Primary infection occurred on more than 90% of root hairs in both cultivars at 7 days after inoculation (dai), and thereafter declined to less than 20% at 14 to 35 dai. The amount of primary infection on the two cultivars was similar at each time point. Secondary infections were rare in both cultivars at 5 and 7 dai but became common after 14 dai. At 14 to 28 dai, the level of secondary infection was greater in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible one. The in planta expression of 12 selected P. brassicae genes was investigated by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. All genes were upregulated at 5 or 7 dai in the resistant cultivar. In the susceptible cultivar, the 12 genes could be classified into three groups according to their expression patterns: 2 genes showed an expression peak at 14 dai, 3 showed two expression peaks at 14 and 35 dai, and the others showed an expression peak at 35 dai. Results from this study will be useful in breeding for resistance and in selecting candidate pathogenicity genes for further studies.
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Shivakumar, KM, GN Chandu, and MD Shafiulla. "Severity of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Needs among 12- to 15-Year-Old School Children of Davangere District, Karnataka, India." European Journal of Dentistry 04, no. 03 (July 2010): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697843.
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Objectives: To assess the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12- to 15-year-old school children of Davangere District, India, by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1800 12- to 15-year-old school children of Davangere District, Karnataka, India. Talukas (administrative units in some states in India) were considered clusters. Schools were selected using simple random sampling procedures. The 300 study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling procedures. Data consisting of DAI components were recorded pro forma. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. The Chi-square test (X2) was used to compare malocclusion severity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the changes in DAI scores and the mean DAI scores between age groups. The Z test was used to compare mean DAI scores between the 2 sexes and between children residing in urban and rural areas.Results: Of the 1800 school children examined, 899 (49.9%) were boys and 901 (50.1%) were girls. Most of the children (79.9%) had DAI scores ≤ 25 with no or minor malocclusion requiring no or little treatment, 15.4% had DAI scores of 26–30 with definite malocclusion requiring elective treatment, 4.2% had DAI scores of 31–35 with severe malocclusion requiring highly desirable treatment, and 0.5% had DAI scores ≥ 36 with handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory treatment.Conclusions: The majority of the children in our study (79.9%) required no or little treatment; 20.1% had definite malocclusion requiring definite orthodontic treatment. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:298- 307)
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Sharma, Kalpana, Bruce D. Gossen, and Mary Ruth McDonald. "Effect of Temperature on Cortical Infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae and Clubroot Severity." Phytopathology® 101, no. 12 (December 2011): 1424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-11-0124.
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A study was conducted to assess the effect of temperature on infection and development of Plasmodiophora brassicae in the root cortex of Shanghai pak choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) and on subsequent clubroot severity. Ten-day-old seedlings were grown individually, inoculated with resting spores, and maintained in growth cabinets at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. Seedlings were harvested at 2-day intervals, starting 8 days after inoculation (DAI) and continuing until 42 DAI. Roots were assessed at 4-day intervals for the incidence of cortical infection and stage of infection (young plasmodia, mature plasmodia, and resting spores), at 2-day intervals for symptom development and clubroot severity, and at 8-day intervals for the number of spores per gram of gall. Temperature affected every stage of clubroot development. Cortical infection was highest and symptoms were observed earliest at 25°C, intermediate at 20 and 30°C, and lowest and latest at 15°C. No cortical infection or symptoms were observed at 42 DAI in plants grown at 10°C. A substantial delay in the development of the pathogen was observed at 15°C. Resting spores were first observed at 38 DAI in plants at 15°C, 26 DAI at 20 and 30°C, and 22 DAI at 25°C. The yield of resting spores from galls was higher in galls that developed at 20 to 30°C than those that developed at 15°C over 42 days of assessment. These results support the observation in companion studies that cool temperatures result in slower development of clubroot symptoms in brassica crops, and demonstrate that the temperature has a consistent pattern of effect throughout the life cycle of the pathogen.
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Marchetti (a cura di), Federico. "Primo vaccino anti-Covid-19 per la fascia di età 12-15 anni." Medico e Bambino 40, no. 6 (June 25, 2021): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53126/meb40359.
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Almeida, Adriely Alves de, Vinicius Hicaro Frederico Abe, Ricardo Marcelo Gonçalves, Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña, and Débora Cristina Santiago. "Seed treatment for management of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 5 (October 3, 2017): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p2995.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the active ingredient abamectin, either in isolation or in combination with fungicides and insecticides formulated for the industrial seed treatment, on the population of Meloidogyne javanica, tested under greenhouse and in vitro conditions. In both tests, the combination of the following treatments was assessed: abamectin; thiamethoxam; fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. Water was used as control for the in vitro assay, whereas under greenhouse conditions, controls were inoculated and not inoculated with M. javanica. The tests were conducted in a completely randomized design with six (in vitro) and ten (greenhouse) replicates. For in vitro studies the effect on hatching, motility, and mortality of juveniles of M. javanica was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, the soybean ‘BRS 133’ seeds were treated, and at 15, 30, and 60 days after inoculation (DAI) with M. javanica, plant measurements were recorded. The penetration of second stage juveniles (J2) was also evaluated at 15 DAI. At 30 DAI, galls, egg masses, nematodes/g of root, and final population were evaluated. At 60 DAI, the final population of nematodes in the roots was quantified. The treatments containing abamectin were the most effective in diminishing the hatching of juveniles. All treatments had an effect on nematode motility when compared to the control, and in the treatment containing only abamectin, total juvenile mortality was observed. In greenhouse conditions, at 15 DAI, the treated soybean plants had the highest root mass and shoot length, differing statistically from the inoculated control. All treatments reduced the number of nematodes per gram of root, differing from the control. At 30 DAI, treatment efficiency was observed in reducing the final population of M. javanica, particularly the treatments using abamectin, and abamectin + thiamethoxam + fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. However, at 60 DAI, the effect of the treatments on the population of M. javanica did not persist.
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Kwiecień, Anna, Jana Ruda-Kucerova, Kamil Kamiński, Zuzana Babinska, Iwona Popiołek, Krzysztof Szczubiałka, Maria Nowakowska, and Maria Walczak. "Improved Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Uptake of Complexed Daidzein in Rats." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12020162.
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The pharmacokinetic profile and tissue uptake of daidzein (DAI) was determined in rat serum and tissues (lungs, eyes, brain, heart, spleen, fat, liver, kidney, and testes) after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of DAI in suspension or complexed with ethylenediamine-modified γ-cyclodextrin (GCD-EDA/DAI). The absolute and relative bioavailability of DAI suspended (20 mg/kg i.v. vs. 50 mg/kg i.p.) and complexed (0.54 mg/kg i.v. vs. 1.35 mg/kg i.p.) was determined. After i.p. administration, absorption of DAI complexed with GCD-EDA was more rapid (tmax = 15 min) than that of DAI in suspension (tmax = 45 min) with a ca. 3.6 times higher maximum concentration (Cmax = 615 vs. 173 ng/mL). The i.v. half-life of DAI was longer in GCD-EDA/DAI complex compared with DAI in suspension (t0.5 = 380 min vs. 230 min). The volume of distribution of DAI given i.v. in GCD-EDA/DAI complex was ca. 6 times larger than DAI in suspension (38.6 L/kg vs. 6.2 L/kg). Our data support the concept that the pharmacokinetics of DAI suspended in high doses are nonlinear. Increasing the intravenous dose 34 times resulted in a 5-fold increase in AUC. In turn, increasing the intraperitoneal dose 37 times resulted in a ca. 2-fold increase in AUC. The results of this study suggested that GCD-EDA complex may improve DAI bioavailability after i.p. administration. The absolute bioavailability of DAI in GCD-EDA inclusion complex was ca. 3 times greater (F = 82.4% vs. 28.2%), and the relative bioavailability was ca. 21 times higher than that of DAI in suspension, indicating the need to study DAI bioavailability after administration by routes other than intraperitoneal, e.g., orally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly. The concentration of DAI released from GCD-EDA/DAI inclusion complex to all the rat tissues studied was higher than after administration of DAI in suspension. The concentration of DAI in brain and lungs was found to be almost 90 and 45 times higher, respectively, when administered in complex compared to the suspended DAI. Given the nonlinear relationship between DAI bioavailability and the dose released from the GCD-EDA complex, complexation of DAI may thus offer an effective approach to improve DAI delivery for treatment purposes, for example in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), allowing the reduction of ingested DAI doses.
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Gusmão, Sebastião Nataniel Silva, and José Eymard Homem Pittella. "Acute subdural hematoma and diffuse axonal injury in fatal road traffic accident victims: a clinico-pathological study of 15 patients." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 61, no. 3B (September 2003): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2003000500008.
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OBJECTIVE: Although acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) are commonly associated in victims of head injury due to road traffic accidents, there are only two clinico-pathological studies of this association. We report a clinical and pathological study of 15 patients with ASDH associated with DAI. METHOD: The patients were victims of road traffic accidents and were randomly chosen. The state of consciousness on hospital admission was evaluated by the Glasgow coma scale. For the identification of axons the histological sections of the brain were stained with anti-neurofilament proteins. RESULTS: Twelve of the 15 patients were admitted to hospital in a state of coma; in three patients, the level of consciousness was not evaluated, as they died before hospital admission. CONCLUSION: The poorer prognosis in patients with ASDH who lapse into coma immediately after sustaining a head injury, as described by several authors, can be explained by the almost constant association between ASDH and DAI in victims of fatal road traffic accidents.
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Dubey, J. P., M. A. Goodwin, M. D. Ruff, O. C. H. Kwok, S. K. Shen, G. C. Wilkins, and P. Thulliez. "Experimental Toxoplasmosis in Japanese Quail." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 6, no. 2 (April 1994): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879400600213.
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Twenty-four 5-month-old battery-hatched Japanese quail were inoculated orally with 105 (ME 49 strain, group A, 6 birds), 103 (ME 49 strain, group B, 6 birds), 105 (GT-1 strain, group C, 6 birds), and 103 (GT-1 strain, group D, 6 birds) Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. All birds in group C died or were euthanized within 8 days after inoculation (DAI). Five of the 6 birds in group D died or were euthanized 8, 9, 15, 19, and 23 DAI. One of the 6 quail in group A died 9 DAI, and 1 of the 6 birds in group D died 16 DAI. The 11 quail (1 from group D and 10 from groups A and B) were euthanized 63 DAI; T. gondii was isolated by bioassays in mice from the brains of 10, hearts of 10, and skeletal muscles of all 11 quail. Quail that survived marked small intestinal and splenic toxoplasmosis lived long enough to develop severe protozoal pneumonia, myocarditis, or meningoencephalitis. The quail that survived only to be examined at 63 DAI had moderate multifocal nonpurulent encephalitis and myositis and had a hypertrophic spleen that contained hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in the sera of all quail examined 63 DAI. Antibody titers to T. gondii in the modified agglutination test were higher than in the indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination tests. Antibodies were not detected in quail sera examined by the Sabin-Feldman dye test.
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Meirelles, Lisiani Celina Da Silva, Bárbara Paloschi da Rocha, Andrei Luiz Wammes, Daiane Madruga dos Santos, Débora Monteiro da Silva, and Luccas Melo de Souza. "Incidência de dermatite associada à incontinência em pacientes de unidade de internação clínica." Revista Enfermagem UERJ 28 (November 26, 2020): e51323. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2020.51323.
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Objetivo: identificar a incidência de Dermatite Associada à Incontinência (DAI) e os fatores de risco em pacientes de uma unidade de internação clínica. Método: estudo de coorte prospectivo com 197 pacientes de unidade de internação clínica. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica e calculou-se o Risco Relativo com intervalo de confiança de 95%, considerando-se significativos quando p bicaudal <0,05. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Instituição. Resultados: a incidência de DAI foi de 20,3% (40 pacientes). O risco relativo para DAI foi significativamente maior em idosos, em uso de alimentação enteral, fraldas, oxigenoterapia, antifúngico, corticoide, glicosídeo cardíaco, vasodilatador ou antidispéptico. Também foi maior nos pacientes com 15 ou mais dias de internação ou naqueles com doenças classificadas como Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais ou como Causas Externas Traumáticas. Conclusão: foi alta a incidência de DAI na população pesquisada, estando associada a fatores de risco que envolvem, sobretudo, dependência de cuidado.
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Chiang, Mou-Yen, C. G. Van Dyke, and W. S. Chilton. "Four Foliar Pathogenic Fungi for Controlling Seedling Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)." Weed Science 37, no. 6 (November 1989): 802–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500072878.
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Johnsongrass seedlings were inoculated with conidia of four fungi,Exserohilum turcicum(Et),Colletotrichumgraminicola (Cg),Gloeocercospora sorghi(Gs), and/orBipolaris halepense(Bh). Leaf injury from Et was the most extensive. Johnsongrass was equally or more susceptible to these fungi 7 days after emergence (DAE) than at 14, 21, or 28 DAE. The greatest leaf injury, more than 90%, was induced by Et with 2 × 105conidia/ml and a 24-h dew period. Sequential inoculation with Et at 15 and 20 DAE resulted in injury to more leaves than a single inoculation 15 DAE. No synergistic or antagonistic effects were observed in combinations of Et with Gs or Cg. Injury was limited to exposed leaves and sheaths, injured seedlings resumed growth and developed new leaves. Development of new leaves from inoculated plants was reduced by 30% or less at 14 days after inoculation (DAI) compared to uninoculated plants. Inoculation with Et or Bh was not as effective as paraquat or sethoxydim, since treatment with both herbicides resulted in seedling death. Seedling kill was not observed in any fungal tests.
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Sandhu, Sukhwinder, Erik Soule, Peter Fiester, Patrick Natter, Daryoush Tavanaiepour, Gazanfar Rahmathulla, and Dinesh Rao. "Brainstem Diffuse Axonal Injury and Consciousness." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 9 (June 28, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis-11-2019.
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Background: Severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI), commonly due to motor vehicle accidents may cause death and long-term disability especially when the acceleration-deceleration force on the brain is massive. This may cause shearing of the axonal connections within the cerebral cortex and brainstem in a process referred to as diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Extensive DAI has been postulated to be a poor prognostic indicator for neurological recovery. In our institution, several patients with Grade 3 DAI were observed to recover and achieve neurological outcomes greater than expected given the presence of brainstem injury. Methods: MRI studies from 100 patients admitted to a large tertiary trauma center for TBI were retrospectively analyzed by two fellowship-trained neuroradiologists. The size of DAI lesions, location of injury within the brainstem, and the number of discrete DAI lesions were measured and recorded. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on arrival and at discharge was noted, as well as the presence of other neurological injuries. Results: Of 20 patients initially noted to have DAI with lesions of the brainstem, eight of them were discharged with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 14–15. The 12 patients discharged with reduced consciousness (average GC 7.1) demonstrated a greater number of larger lesions, with a predilection for the dorsal pons. Conclusion: These results suggest that large, numerous pontine lesions may indicate worse neurological outcomes in patients with these findings.
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Sharma, Hemlata, and David A. Lightfoot. "Quantitative Trait Loci Underlying Partial Resistance to Cercospora sojina Race 2 Detected in Soybean Seedlings in Greenhouse Assays." Atlas Journal of Biology 3, no. 1 (May 25, 2017): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5147/ajb.v3i1.29.
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Cercospora sojina (Hara), an air-borne pathogen, infects soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaves causing frog-eye leaf spot (FLS). Three major genes (Rcs1-3) underlie resistance to the major races of FLS but two were not yet mapped. In addition quantitative trait loci provide partial resistance to many strains. FLS race 2 was an isolate first collected in the 1950’s when damaging FLS first arose. ‘Essex’ was partially resistant while ‘Forrest’ was partially susceptible to mixed races of FLS. The objective here was to identify quantitative trait loci underlying resistance to FLS race 2 in the greenhouse using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Essex by Forrest. C. sojina race 2 (ATCC 44531) was used to induce leaf symptoms on one hundred F5:14 RILs derived from the cross of Essex by Forrest. The leaf symptoms were measured at 21 days after manual infestation by wounding (dai) and again at 42 dai to show resistance to reinfestation of new leaves from the primary lesions without wounding. Bags over leaves were not used to better simulate field conditions. However, there was no significant correlation between FLS severity at 21 and 42 dai (r =0.08 and P= 0.005). At 21 dai there was a strongly significant QTL near Satt319 on LG C2 (chromosome 7; LOD 3.8; R2 52%) where the Essex allele reduced leaf symptoms by 0.7 units. At 42 dai there was a strongly significant QTL near Satt632 on LG A2 (chromosome 8; R2 was 15%; LOD was 3.6) where the Essex allele reduced leaf symptoms by 0.4 units. Neither locus mapped to the location of Rcs3. By ANOVA thirteen additional minor loci were detected on LGs A1, B1, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M and O. At two loci (LG B1 and O) the Forrest allele appeared to reduce FLS at both 21 and 42 dai. Eight loci may have reduced FLS at 21 dai (0.006 < P < 0.049; 4% < R2 > 9%) of which 5 had beneficial alleles from Forrest. Seven loci may have reduced FLS at 42 dai (0.001 < P < 0.04; 4% < R2 < 15%) of which 4 had beneficial alleles from Forrest. Therefore, quantitative resistance to race 2 of FLS was inferred to have major loci contributions from Essex and minor loci contributions from both Forrest and Essex. Resistance was dependent on plant age. Breeding and selection for FLS will be complex and may be more efficient with the markers, germplasm and models of inheritance reported here.
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Talukder, KH, IU Ahmed, MS Islam, MS Islam, M. Asaduzzaman, and MD Hossain. "Incubation Studies on Exchangable Zn for Varying Levels of added Zn Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions in Grey Terrace Soils, Non Calcarious Floodplain Soils and Calcarious Floodplain Soils." Journal of Science Foundation 9, no. 1-2 (April 17, 2013): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14643.
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Fractions studies were done to know how the zinc applied to different soils was distributed in to various fractions when the soils incubated under aerobic and anaerobic condition. The added zinc provided significant increase in exchangeable Zn both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions although anaerobic condition gave lower results than aerobic condition. The higher results were obtained at early stage of incubation and it gradually reduced as the incubation period proceeded to 90 days. These results showed all most similar trends for all the soils under study. In general, added zinc showed significantly higher results to the different fractions of soil Zn both under anaerobic and aerobic incubation with very few exceptions. The highest amount of added Zn (12 kg/ha) always produced greater results than the lower doses. Only exchangeable Zn was found higher in the 1st measurement at 15 DAI then gradually decreased but in other cases, gradual increase in zinc fractions was seen as the incubation study proceed to longer duration provided with very few exceptions. In many cases, the exchangeable-Zn found higher only at 15 DAI but sharply reduced at 30 DAI. In general, the Gray Terrace Soil produced the highest results followed by Non Calcareous Gray Floodplain and the lowest results were observed in Dark Grey Floodplain & Brown Floodplain Soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14643 J. Sci. Foundation, 9(1&2): 9-15, June-December 2011
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Prerostova, Sylva, Petre Dobrev, Veronika Konradyova, Vojtech Knirsch, Alena Gaudinova, Barbara Kramna, Jan Kazda, Jutta Ludwig-Müller, and Radomira Vankova. "Hormonal Responses to Plasmodiophora brassicae Infection in Brassica napus Cultivars Differing in Their Pathogen Resistance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 13, 2018): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19124024.
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Hormonal dynamics after Plasmodiophora brassicae infection were compared in two Brassica napus cultivars—more resistant SY Alister and more sensitive Hornet, in order to elucidate responses associated with efficient defense. Both cultivars responded to infection by the early transient elevation of active cytokinins (predominantly cis-zeatin) and auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in leaves and roots, which was longer in Hornet. Moderate IAA levels in Hornet roots coincided with a high expression of biosynthetic gene nitrilase NIT1 (contrary to TAA1, YUC8, YUC9). Alister had a higher basal level of salicylic acid (SA), and it stimulated its production (via the expression of isochorismate synthase (ICS1)) in roots earlier than Hornet. Gall formation stimulated cytokinin, auxin, and SA levels—with a maximum 22 days after inoculation (dai). SA marker gene PR1 expression was the most profound at the time point where gall formation began, in leaves, roots, and especially in galls. Jasmonic acid (JA) was higher in Hornet than in Alister during the whole experiment. To investigate SA and JA function, SA was applied before infection, and twice (before infection and 15 dai), and JA at 15 dai. Double SA application diminished gall formation in Alister, and JA promoted gall formation in both cultivars. Activation of SA/JA pathways reflects the main differences in clubroot resistance.
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Cramer, Estee Y., Nguyen Xuan Quang, Jeffrey C. Hertz, Do Van Nguyen, Huynh Hong Quang, Ian Mendenhall, and Andrew A. Lover. "Ivermectin Treatment for Cattle Reduced the Survival of Two Malaria Vectors, Anopheles dirus and Anopheles epiroticus, Under Laboratory Conditions in Central Vietnam." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 2165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1239.
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Abstract.Ivermectin is a low-cost and nontoxic mosquitocide that may have a role in malaria elimination. However, the extent to which this drug impacts the mortality of Anopheles dirus and Anopheles epiroticus, two important malaria vectors in Southeast Asia, is unknown. This study compared and quantified anopheline mortality after feeding on ivermectin-treated cattle and control cattle in Vietnam. Local anopheline colonies fed on cattle 1 to 3, 6 to 8, 13 to 15, 20 to 22, and 28 to 30 days after injection (DAI) with ivermectin (intervention) or saline (control). An. dirus that fed on ivermectin-treated cattle had higher mortality rates than controls for up to 20 DAI (P < 0.05); An. epiroticus that fed on ivermectin-treated cattle had consistently higher mortality rates than controls for up to 8 DAI (P < 0.05). Feeding on ivermectin-treated cattle increased the mortality rate of these vector species for biologically relevant time periods. Therefore, ivermectin has the potential to become an important tool for integrated vector management.
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Anderson, R. M., B. B. Pendleton,, and G. L. Teetes. "Greenhouse Evaluation of Imidacloprid-Treated Seed for Control of Yellow Sugarcane Aphid on Sorghum Seedlings, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.303.
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Abstract The effectiveness of imidacloprid-treated sorghum seed for control of yellow sugarcane aphid was evaluated in a re-search greenhouse at Texas A&M University. Seed treated with 1, 2, 3, and 4 oz (AI)/cwt of imidacloprid was sown in 110-mm germination pots containing a prepared soil mixture of peat, vermiculite, and perlite in a 2:1:1 ratio, respectively. There were 10 single-seedling replications for each rate of imidacloprid. Plants were infested 3, 10, and 31 d after emergence (DAE) with 10, 15, and =21 yellow sugarcane aphids, respectively. An initial count of yellow sugarcane aphids was made 4 h after plant infestation (HAI). Subsequent counts of yellow sugarcane aphids were made 1,3,5, and 7 d (and 14 d for those infested 31 DAE) after infestation (DAI). Percent control was calculated by using the Henderson and Tilton (1955) formula. Data were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA and LSD.
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Osikov, M. V., M. S. Boyko, E. V. Simonyan, and V. A. Ushakova. "Clinical and morphological characteristics of experimental ulcerative colitis in the conditions of using original rectal suppositories with vitamin D3." Ural Medical Journal 20, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2021-20-1-8-15.
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Introduction. Vitamin D3 possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and other properties, has been shown to be effective in some autoimmune diseases, which is a prerequisite for studying its effect, when applied locally, on the clinical status and morphology of the site of injury in ulcerative colitis (UC).The aims was to study the effect of vitamin D3 in the composition of original rectal suppositories on the clinical status and morphology of the lesion of colon in experimental UC.Materials and methods. UC was modeled by two-stage administration of oxazolone. Rectal suppositories were prepared on the basis of a 10% aqueous solution of vitamin D3. The clinical status was assessed using the Disease activity index (DAI) scale. In the area of colon damage, the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, histiocytes, plasmocytes and fibroblasts was examined per mm² d the tissue damage index (TDI) was calculated.Results and Discussion. In experimental UC, DAI increase an ulcerative defect is recorded in the colon, the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, histiocytes, fibroblasts, TDI increases. The use of original rectal suppositories with vitamin D3 in experimental UC leads to a decrease in DAI, the size of the ulcer and TDI, a decrease in the infiltration of the intestinal wall by neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells, an increase in the infiltration of histiocytes, fibroblasts.Conclusions. In experimental oxazolone-induced colitis, the clinical picture and morphology of the injury site characteristic of UC are recorded. The use of original rectal suppositories with vitamin D3 a total dose of 18,000 IU leads to a decrease in the severity of clinical signs and a decrease in the representation in the colon wall of cells involved in tissue destruction, an increase in the representation of cells mediating repair, which was reflected in a decrease in the area of the ulcer and tissue damage index , the severity of clinical signs according to DAI weakens as lymphocytes and plasma cells decrease in the area of damage to the colon, decrease in the size of the ulcer and decrease in TDI, increase in histiocytes and fibroblasts.
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Del Fabbro, Massimo. "Luci e ombre del Corso di Laurea in Odontoiatria visto dai laureandi." Dental Cadmos 83, no. 2 (February 2015): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-8524(15)70267-9.
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Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, Gregori da Encarnação Ferrão, and Gabriel Y. Castro. "pH do meio de cultivo e crescimento de plântulas de ginseng brasileiro cultivadas in vitro." Ciência Rural 38, no. 7 (October 2008): 2059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782008000700043.
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O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito do pH do meio de cultivo sobre alguns parâmetros de crescimento da Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen cultivada in vitro, bem como checar se o crescimento dos explantes altera o pH do meio ao longo do período de cultivo. Foram testados quatro tratamentos constituídos de distintos valores de pH (3,7; 5,0; 6,0 e 7,5) do meio de cultivo. O pH do meio de cultivo foi ajustado antes da inclusão do agar (6g L-1 - Merck) e da autoclavagem. Como fonte de explantes foram utilizadas segmentos nodais de plantas previamente estabelecidas in vitro em meio MS. Dos nove aos 15 dias após a inoculação (DAI) dos segmentos nodais, verificou-se maior número de raízes em pH 6,0 e o menor no pH 7,5. Aos 35 DAI, o comprimento da maior brotação e o número total de segmentos nodais por planta foram maiores em torno de pH 6,0. Aos 35 DAI, observou-se menor crescimento em biomassa de raízes em pH 3,7. Já a parte aérea apresentou menor biomassa em pH 7,5. Aos 35 DAI, a produção de matéria fresca e seca total da plântula foi maior em pH próximo a 6,0. Concluiu-se que valores de pH do meio de cultivo próximos a 6,0, ajustados antes da autoclavagem, são ideais para o crescimento da P. glomerata cultivada in vitro. Também se verificou que o crescimento da plântula modificou significativamente o pH do meio de cultivo.
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de Melo, Kaarlye C. P. Andrade, Mario Vedovello-Filho, Vivian F. Furletti-Góis, Marcelo de C. Meneghim, and Silvia A. S. Vedovello. "Is the adolescent's esthetic concern associated with anterior occlusal conditions or the malocclusion severity level?" Angle Orthodontist 91, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 496–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/062320-576.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the esthetic impact of anterior occlusal conditions and malocclusion severity levels. Materials and Methods A population-based cross-sectional study of 700 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years was conducted. The Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) was used to evaluate the subjective esthetic impact of malocclusion. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) criteria were used to diagnose the anterior occlusal characteristics in isolation and the severity levels of malocclusion. The variables with P < .20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with P < .10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Of the adolescents, 42% showed negative self-perception of malocclusion. In addition, 15.4% of adolescents had severe malocclusion (DAI 3) and 18.9% very severe malocclusion (DAI 4). Crowding and spacing were shown to be 2.90 (CI: 2.06–4.09) and 2.53 (CI: 1.65–3.86) times, respectively, more likely to cause a negative esthetic impact in adolescents (P < .05). In addition, adolescents with orthodontic treatment need (DAI 2, 3, and 4) were more likely to report a negative esthetic impact (P < .05). Conclusions Anterior crowding and spacing are the conditions that most influence the esthetic concern of adolescents. Adolescents with very severe malocclusion and higher orthodontic treatment need are more likely to report a negative esthetic impact.
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Theodoro, Gustavo de Faria, and Antonio Carlos Maringoni. "Murcha-de-curtobacterium do feijoeiro no Estado de Santa Catarina e reação de genótipos a Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens." Summa Phytopathologica 32, no. 1 (March 2006): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052006000100005.
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Avaliou-se a ocorrência da murcha-de-curtobacterium em lavouras de feijoeiro comum em algumas localidades do Estado de Santa Catarina, nas safras 2002/03 e 2003/04, e o comportamento dos genótipos BRS Valente, Carioca, CHC 97-29, CHP 97-26, CNPF 8104, Diamante Negro, Empasc 201 - Chapecó, IAPAR 44, IPR Graúna, IPR Juriti, IPR Uirapuru, LP 9728, Pérola, SCS 202-Guará, Sel. CP 9310635, TPS Bionobre, TPS Bonito, TPS Magnífico, TPS Nobre, TPS Soberano e Xamego perante Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), em condições de casa-de-vegetação. As cultivares IAC Carioca Akytã, IAC Carioca Aruã e IAC Carioca Pyatã foram empregadas como padrões de resistência a Cff. As avaliações dos sintomas ocorreram aos 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 dias após a inoculação (DAI) e, posteriormente, foi estimada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da murcha-de-curtobacterium (AACPMC), em cada genótipo. A doença esteve presente nos municípios de Campos Novos, Faxinal dos Guedes, Guatambu, Ipuaçu, Ponte Serrada e Tigrinhos e que, aos 10 DAI, as cultivares SCS 202 - Guará e IPR Juriti mostraram baixa severidade. Porém, aos 25 DAI, somente as cultivares padrões foram resistentes e apresentaram menor AACPMC.
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Curvêlo, Carmen Rosa da Silva, Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues, Leandro de Castro Silva, Kelly Juliane Telles Nascimento, and Paulo Geraldo Berger. "Mecanismos bioquímicos da defesa do algodoeiro à mancha de ramulária mediados pelo silício." Bragantia 72, no. 1 (April 19, 2013): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052013005000017.
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Esse estudo investigou o efeito do silício (Si) na resistência do algodoeiro à mancha de ramulária (Ramularia areola). Plantas de algodoeiro (cvs. NuOpal e BRS Buriti) foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva nas concentrações de 0 (-Si) e 2 mM Si L-1 (+Si) e aos 30 dias após emergência foram submetidas à inoculação com uma suspensão de conídios de R. areola. Avaliou-se o período de incubação (PI), o período latente (PL60), a severidade, o número de lesões (NL) por cm² de folha, o tamanho de lesão (TL), a concentração foliar de Si e as atividades das enzimas de defesa peroxidases (POX), polifenoloxidases (PFO), quitinases (QUI), β-1,3-glucanases (GLU) e fenilalanina amônia-liases (FAL). Os dados de severidade foram usados para calcular a área abaixo da curva do progresso da mancha de ramulária (AACPMR). A concentração foliar de Si aumentou em 64% nas plantas supridas com Si em relação às não supridas com esse elemento. Houve aumentos de 10% e 14,7%, respectivamente, para o PI e o PL60 nas plantas supridas com Si. Reduções de 38,6% e 62,4% para o NL e de 17,2% e 26,6% para o TL ocorrem, respectivamente, nas plantas das cvs. NuOpal e BRS Buriti supridas com Si. Houve redução de 35% na AACPMR para as plantas supridas com Si em relação às não supridas. A concentração de compostos fenólicos solúveis totais nas plantas das duas cultivares supridas com Si foi maior aos 21 dias após inoculação (dai) em relação às não supridas com esse elemento. A concentração dos derivados da lignina foi maior dos 15 aos 21 dai apenas para as plantas da cv. BRS Buriti supridas com Si. A atividade da POX foi maior nas plantas das duas cultivares supridas com Si em relação às não supridas com esse elemento dos 15 aos 21 dai. Paras as plantas da cv. NuOpal supridas com Si, as atividades da PFO, QUI, GLU e FAL aumentaram aos 18 dai. As atividades da PFO e da FAL nas plantas da cv. BRS Buriti não foram potencializadas pelo Si. Nas plantas da cv. BRS Buriti supridas com Si, houve aumento nas atividades da QUI e da GLU aos 21 dai em relação às não supridas com Si. Conclui-se que a resistência do algodoeiro à mancha de ramulária foi bioquimicamente potencializada pelo Si, principalmente para as plantas da cv. NuOpal consideradas suscetíveis à mancha de ramulária.
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Muralidharan, Shrikanth, Astha Chauhan, Srinivasa Gowda, Rutuja Ambekar, Bhupendra S. Rathore, Sakshi Chabra, Afsheen Lalani, and Harsh Harani. "Assessment of orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 91, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-795.
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Introduction. India is home to many tribes which have an interesting and varied history of origins, customs and social practices. Oral health care in tribal areas is limited due to shortage of dental manpower, financial constraints and the lack of perceived need for dental care among tribal masses.Objective To assess orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India.Methods. A cross-sectional house to house survey was carried out among 800 tribal children aged 5 to 15 years old in two major tribal districts of Indore division. Permissions and consent were obtained from local administrative authorities, ethical committee and parents respectively. A structured proforma was used to record demographic data. Examination for dentofacial anomalies was conducted according to WHO 1997 survey methods. Descriptive tables and analytical tests like ANOVA, post-hoc and chi-square test were employed.Results. The mean age was 9.75(±2.43) years. The mean DAI score among 12 to 15 years old children was 23.19±5.22. Female exhibited higher (24.51±5.34) mean DAI score compared to males (22.12±4.87) (p<0.05). The Patelia tribes (24.38±5.13) reported higher mean DAI score than Bhilala (23.02±5.69) and Bhil tribe (22.73±4.79) (p<0.005).Conclusion. The tribal children had minor malocclusion with no or slight treatment need. Categorization of orthodontic treatment need according to malocclusion severity is particularly important for the planning of corresponding public policies. The isolation of the villages, lack of transportation options imposes limitations on the availability of health professionals to provide dental services.
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Freed, Gretchen M., Crystal M. Floyd, and Dean K. Malvick. "Effects of Pathogen Population Levels and Crop-Derived Nutrients on Development of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Growth of Fusarium virguliforme." Plant Disease 101, no. 3 (March 2017): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-16-0524-re.
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Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean, caused by Fusarium virguliforme, is a significant disease of soybean. The suite of factors that influence disease development is incompletely understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of pathogen population levels, crop residues, seed exudates, and their interactions on development of SDS and growth of F. virguliforme. Studies were conducted in a greenhouse with cultivars susceptible and partially resistant to SDS, four pathogen population levels, and six crop residue treatments (none; ground corn seed, stalks, and roots; ground soybean stems; and sorghum seed). Root rot was assessed 15 and 50 days after inoculation (dai) and foliar disease and plant biomass were assessed 50 dai. Population level increases and crop residues had significant interacting effects on increasing foliar disease severity and root rot and on biomass reduction. Disease severity was positively correlated with population and biomass was negatively correlated. Plants grown with no crop residues exhibited low or no root rot or foliar disease 15 dai, and severity was greatest with corn and sorghum seed. In vitro studies were conducted to test the effects of exudates collected from germinating soybean and corn seed on growth of F. virguliforme and F. solani. Growth of these fungi was greater in exudates than in water. More growth occurred in exudates collected during soybean radicle emergence than those sampled at other times during germination. These studies show that pathogen population levels and crop-derived nutrients in soil interact and influence severity of SDS. Results have implications for gaging disease risk and managing SDS.
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Martini, Mariano, Elio Adelfio Cardinale, Lugi Rubino, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, and Ilaria Barberis. "Papa Pio XII nella storia della Radiologia." Acta medico-historica Adriatica 17, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31952/amha.17.2.10.
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Nel 1933 i Professori della Scuola Medica genovese V. Maragliano, GB. Cardinale e A. Vallebona decisero di proporre come Santo Patrono e Protettore dei Radiologi, San Michele Arcangelo. L’iniziativa dei Grandi Maestri genovesi della Radiologia fu accolta subito dai colleghi con grande entusiasmo. Venne quindi inoltrata richiesta scritta di “supplica” a Papa Pio XII per ottenere il riconoscimento ufficiale da parte della Chiesa cattolica. La scelta dell’Arcangelo Michele fu motivata dai Professori in quanto Santo che, nell’iconografia religiosa, è l’unico a vestire l’armatura, è guardiano del Paradiso e conduce le anime a Dio. Inoltre il Santo rappresenta, il trionfo della luce del bene contro le tenebre del male. La Sacra Congregazione dei Riti, emanò in data 15 gennaio 1941 il decreto che costituiva: “Sanctus Michael, Archangelus pro radiologis et radiumtherapeuticis patronus et protector declaratus”.
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Miamoto, Angélica, Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado, Orazília França Dorigo, Thaísa Muriel Mioranza, Heriksen Higashi Puerari, Beatriz Almeida e. Silva, Vítor Vargas Schwan, and Cláudia Regina Dias Arieira. "Antagonistic potential and histopathology of Meloidogyne javanica on Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java." June 2020, no. 14(6):2020 (June 20, 2020): 940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2153.
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Root-knot nematodes are obligate parasites, so changes at their feeding sites can limit their development. Alterations to feeding sites is one of the main actions taken by antagonistic plants. The aim of this study was to assess the response and histopathology of interactions between Meloidogyne javanica and the roots of Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java. The penetration and development of the nematode was assessed from 8 to 30 days after inoculation (DAI) with 3000 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. The reproduction factor (RF) was assessed at 60 DAI, with two inoculation levels, 700 and 1000 eggs + J2, and the changes in the development and histopathology of M. javanica was assessed at 10, 15 and 30 DAI. Suscetible soybean was used as a control. The development of nematodes at the third (J3) and fourth juvenile (J4) stages was delay, despite the presence of J2 inside the roots, and no adult females were found in the M. axillare cv. Java roots. RF was 0.31 and 0.39 for M. axillare cv. Java and 3.40 and 4.52 for soybean at inoculation levels of 700 and 1000 eggs + J2, respectively. The feed cells in M. axillare cv. Java could not effectively nourish the nematode, which led to deformed females 30 DAI. The feed cells and nematode development, however, were normal in soybean. M. axillare cv. Java was resistant to M. javanica and had an antagonistic potential, because it did not prevent the nematode from penetrating the roots but had a negative effect on M. javanica due to the inefficiency of the feeding site.
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Xiaohua, Duan, Zheng Jin, Wang Hui, Cheng Haifeng, Zhang Chao, and Yu Zepu. "Effect of Yajieshaba, a preparation of Dai indigenous medicine, on enhanced liver detoxification." Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 35, no. 2 (April 2015): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30028-5.
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Vale, Benjamim, Juçara Castro, Marx Araújo, Herb Morais, and Lívio Macêdo. "Traumatic Brain Injury Caused by Motor Vehicle Collision and Alcoholism in Piauí." Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 37, no. 03 (May 23, 2016): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1583935.
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Objectives To determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with diffuse axonal injury (DAI), determining these indices, checking acquired comorbidities and characterizing the patients by gender, age and race/color, as well as describing the characteristics of the motor vehicle collision (vehicle, period of the day, day of the week and site) in people admitted to an emergency hospital in the city of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Methods We have analyzed the data contained in the medical records of patients admitted with a history of motor vehicle collision and severe TBI in intensive care units, based on the forms provided by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU, in the Portuguese acronym) in the period between February 28 and November 28, 2013. Results In the period covered by the present study, 200 individuals were analyzed, and 54 (27%) had consumed alcohol; of these 11 had DAI. Of the total sample, 17% (34) presented DAI, however, with unknown data regarding the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Conclusion Considering the data, we observed that the profile of the head trauma patients are brown men, mostly (53.5%) aged between 15 and 30 years. The collisions occurred mostly on weekends and at night (55%), and 89.5% of the crashes involved motorcycles.
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CHANG, T. H., Y. H. LIN, K. S. CHEN, J. W. HUANG, S. C. HSIAO, and P. F. L. CHANG. "Cell wall reinforcement in watermelon shoot base related to its resistance to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 2 (March 5, 2014): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614000057.
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SUMMARYFusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, is one of the limiting factors for watermelon production in Taiwan. In recent research, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene expressed in the shoot base of the Fusarium wilt resistant line JSB was related to Fusarium wilt resistance. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is the key regulatory enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. The downstream products of phenolic compounds are considered to be involved in the complicated plant defence mechanisms. They could act as signal molecules, antimicrobial substances and/or structural barriers. To study the resistant mechanisms of Fusarium wilt, the resistant JSB line was examined for comparison of F. oxysporum-watermelon interactions with the susceptible Grand Baby (GB) cultivar. Unlike infected GB, which was seriously colonized by F. oxysporum in the whole plant, the pathogen was limited below the shoot base of inoculated JSB, suggesting that the shoot base of JSB may contribute to Fusarium resistance. The data indicated that a significant increase in PAL activity was found in shoot bases of the resistant JSB line at 3, 9, 12 and 15 days after inoculation (DAI). Shoot bases of resistant watermelons accumulated higher amounts of soluble and cell wall-bound phenolics at 3–9 DAI; the susceptible GB cultivar, however, only increased the cell wall-bound phenolics in shoot bases at 3 DAI. High lignin deposition in the cell walls of vascular bundles was observed in the shoot bases of JSB but not of GB seedlings at 6 and 9 DAI. In the roots and shoot bases of JSB seedlings at 6 DAI, peroxidase enzyme activity increased significantly. In summary, the results suggest that accumulation of cell wall-bound phenolics and increase of peroxidase activity in shoot bases of JSB seedlings during F. oxysporum inoculation, together with the rapid deposition of lignin in the cell walls of vascular bundles, may have provided structural barriers in resistant JSB line to defend against F. oxysporum invasion.
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Fernández-Riveiro, Paula, Nerea Obregón-Rodríguez, María Piñeiro-Lamas, Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández, Ernesto Smyth-Chamosa, and María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro. "The Dental Aesthetic Index and Its Association with Dental Caries, Dental Plaque and Socio-Demographic Variables in Schoolchildren Aged 12 and 15 Years." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 9741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189741.
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The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was determined in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren to ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and to assess its association with dental caries experience, dental plaque accumulation, and socio-demographic variables. We performed a cross-sectional study with a stratified two-stage sampling design. An oral health survey and oral examination were conducted, and socio-demographic data were recorded. The sample comprised 1453 schoolchildren aged 12 (868) and 15 (585). These two samples were analyzed separately because statistically significant differences were found: the 12-year-old age group displayed a higher frequency of schoolchildren who attended state-run public schools (p = 0.004) and belonged to a lower social class (p = 0.001); the 15-year-old age group registered higher levels of caries (p = 0.001) and lower levels of dental plaque (p < 0.001). The malocclusion was 9.5% higher (p = 0.001), and the global mean DAI score was likewise higher among the 12-year-olds (p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis not only showed that caries and dental plaque were the variables that were the most strongly associated with malocclusion, but that caries (OR = 1.5) and dental plaque (OR > 2) were also risk factors for malocclusion in both groups. In conclusion, this study revealed a higher prevalence of malocclusion and dental plaque at age 12. A higher risk of caries and dental plaque was found to be related to the presence of malocclusion in both age groups.
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Araújo, Fernando Godinho de, Rodrigo Marques Ferrari, Juliana de Oliveira Silva, Janaina Alves de Almeida Moreira, and Mara Rúbia da Rocha. "Life Cycle of Heterodera glycines in Resistant and Susceptible Soybean." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n2p507.
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The life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode lasts approximately 21-24 days at temperatures ranging from 23 °C to 25 °C. Mean temperatures above 25 °C are often found in Goiás State and in other Brazilian regions. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the penetration and cycle duration of Heterodera glycines Type 0- (race 3) in nematode-resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars grown in greenhouse under controlled conditions. The study was conducted at soil temperatures ranging from 23.9 °C to 31.1 °C using two soybean cultivars that were assessed in ten different periods; each assessment was conducted in six plants. The herein used soybean cultivars were BRS Valiosa RR and BRSGO 8860RR, which were, respectively, susceptible and resistant to the nematode. Root staining assessments were performed 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI). Besides the root staining assessments, the females and eggs were also assessed through extraction using the sieving and flotation method, at the 30th DAI. Heterodera glycines J2 penetration was similar in both the susceptible and the resistant cultivars throughout the assessment period. It indicates that the nematode penetration was not affected by resistance. The Heterodera glycines cycle at soil temperature ranging from 23.9 °C to 31.1 °C and at room temperature ranging from 27.0 °C to 36.3 °C was complete in 15 days, in both the susceptible and the resistant cultivars. A similar number of J2 has penetrated the roots of both cultivars and greater penetration intensity was found from the 6th to the 15th DAI. The peak J3, J4 and female formation period in the resistant cultivar was later than that observed in the susceptible cultivar.
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Semenova, Nina, Masa Bosnjak, Bostjan Markelc, Katarina Znidar, Maja Cemazar, and Loree Heller. "Multiple cytosolic DNA sensors bind plasmid DNA after transfection." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 19 (September 9, 2019): 10235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz768.
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Abstract Mammalian cells express a variety of nucleic acid sensors as one of the first lines of defense against infection. Despite extensive progress in the study of sensor signaling pathways during the last decade, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In our previous studies, we reported increased type I interferon expression and the upregulation of several proposed cytosolic DNA sensors after transfection of several tumor cell types with plasmid DNA (pDNA). In the present study, we sought to reveal the early events in the cytosolic sensing of this nucleic acid in a myoblast cell line. We demonstrated that DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors/Z-DNA binding protein 1 (DAI/ZBP1) bound plasmid DNA in the cytosol within 15 minutes of transfection and at consistent levels for 4 h. Interferon activated gene 204 protein (p204) and DEAH box helicase 9 (DHX9) also bound pDNA, peaking 15 and 30 min respectively. Plasmid DNA was not detectably bound by DEAD box helicase 60 (DDX60) protein, despite a similar level of mRNA upregulation to DAI/ZBP1, or by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), despite its presence in the cell cytosol. Taken together, these results indicate several DNA sensors may participate and cooperate in the complex process of cytosolic DNA sensing.
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Rothkopf, Cathrin, and Silke Schworm. "Exploring Dog-Assisted Interventions in Higher Education: Students’ Attitudes and Perceived Effects on Well-Being." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094492.
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Both, in the transition to university and during it, students experience a multitude of different changes. Thus, it is no surprise that many students in higher education report suffering from mental health problems. To address their concerns, animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) have gained more and more attention over the past few years. Nonetheless, AAIs have neither yet been used nor researched at German universities. Two studies were carried out to address this issue. In Study I, 709 university students answered a questionnaire evaluating their attitude towards dogs, AAIs and interest in its use at their home university. In Study II, 27 students participated in a dog-assisted intervention (DAI) in which they were allowed to interact with a qualified dog for 15 min. To gain information about their well-being, blood pressure was measured and the Basler Befindlichkeitsskala had to be answered before and after the intervention. Results showed a positive attitude among German students toward dogs, AAIs, and the use of DAIs at their home university. Although an effect on physical well-being could not be found, results showed that a 15-min DAI can improve students’ psychological well-being. Thus, higher education administrators should consider using DAIs as a way to improve student well-being.
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Itoh, T., J. Yamakawa, M. Mai, N. Yamaguchi, and T. Kanda. "The Effect of the Herbal Medicine Dai-Kenchu-to on Post-Operative Ileus." Journal of International Medical Research 30, no. 4 (August 2002): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000203000410.
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Post-operative ileus (PI) is an inevitable adverse consequence of abdominal surgical procedures. We performed a randomized study of the effects of the herbal medicine dai-kenchu-to (DKT) on 24 patients with PI. Patients received either 15 g of oral DKT or placebo daily for 14 days. The effects on upper gastrointestinal motility, frequency of secondary operation and recurrence of PI were investigated. The frequency of surgical operation was significantly lower in patients receiving DKT compared with placebo. Oral administration of DKT was clinically effective for PI in reducing both the need for further surgery and the recurrence of PI.
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Augustine, Swinburne A. J. "Towards Universal Screening for Toxoplasmosis: Rapid, Cost-Effective, and Simultaneous Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma IgG, IgM, and IgA Antibodies by Use of Very Small Serum Volumes." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 7 (May 11, 2016): 1684–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00913-16.
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Rapid, cost-effective, and early determination of the serological status of potentially infected individuals, particularly pregnant women, can be critical in preventing life-threatening infections and subsequent fetal congenital abnormalities. An article in this issue of theJournal of Clinical Microbiology(X. Li, C. Pomares, G. Gonfrier, B. Koh, S. Zhu, M. Gong, J. G. Montoya, and H. Dai, J Clin Microbiol 54:1726–1733, 2016,http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03371-15) describes an innovative multiplexed immunoassay that offers a path toward universal screening.
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Saltini, Anna, Davide Cappellari, Paola Cellerino, Lidia Del Piccolo, and Christa Zimmermann. "An instrument for evaluating medical interview in general practice: the VR-MICS/D (Verona-Medical Interview Classification System/Doctor)." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 7, no. 3 (December 1998): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00007405.
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RIASSUNTOScopo - Valutare l'attendibilita del VR-MICS/D (Verona-Medical Interview Classification Systeml/Doctor) e identificare gli interventi adottati dai medici di medicina generale durante la conduzione dell'intervista con pazienti con disturbi organici e disagio emotivo. Setting - Lo studio e stato condotto nel territorio di Verona-Sud, presso due ambulatori di Medicina Generale. Campione - 100 pazienti che hanno consultato i medici per un problema di salute nuovo e che hanno riportato al GHQ-12 un punteggio > 3. I cinque medici coinvolti nello studio hanno contribuito ciascuno con 20 interviste audioregistrate (10 condotte con pazienti giudicati con disagio emotivo e 10 condotte con pazienti senza disagio emotivo, secondo il giudizio dei medici). Principali misure utilizzate — Il VR-MICS/D consente di classificare il comportamento verbale adottato dal medico durante la conduzione dell'intervista e consente di valutarne lo stile. Lo strumento à costituito da 16 categorie definite in base a formulazione (domanda, affermazdone) e contenuto. Procedura - Due rater hanno classificato 30 interviste (15 condotte con pazienti giudicati dai medici con disagio emotivo e 15 condotte con pazienti senza disagio emotivo, secondo il giudizio dei medici). Dopo aver verificato l'attendibilita del VR-MICS/D, e stata valutata la performance dei medici (classificazione delle 100 interviste) e sono stati confrontati i comportamenti verbali adottati con pazienti giudicati con disagio emotivo e senza disagio, secondo il giudizio dei medici. Risultati - Il VR-MICS/D ha dimostrato una buona attendibilita (Kappa di Cohen 0.93). La percentuale di accordo delle categorie è compresa tra 78.2% e 96.4%. I comportamenti verbali piu frequenti sono «domande chiuse» e «dare informazioni» (55.0% sul totale dei comportamenti verbali classificati n = 5522). Ciò che contraddistingue le interviste condotte con pazienti giudicati dai medici con disagio emotivo sono gli specifici contenuti affrontati (psicologico e psicosociale) e i commenti di chiarificazione e di facilitazione. Queste differenze non sono comunque marcate, nonostante siano statisticamente significative. Conclusioni - Il VR-MICS/D è uno strumento attendibile che permette di classificare il comportamento verbale adottato dai medici durante la conduzione delle interviste con pazienti con disagio emotivo. Lo stile di intervista dei medici che hanno partecipato allo studio e simile a quello descritto in letteratura per i medici che non hanno ricevuto una formazione alle tecniche comunicative ed è caratterizzato da un approccio essenzialmente centrato sul medico e sulle sue conoscenze. Questo tipo di approccio, in particolare con pazienti con disagio emotivo, comporta notevoli limitazioni ed evidenzia la necessita di introdurre interventi di formazione alle tecniche di intervista.
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Manzur Rojas, P., P. Botias Cegarra, M. R. Raposo Hernandez, M. I. Ibernon Caballero, A. Sanchez Bahillo, A. L. Gonzalez Galdamez, M. J. Martinez Mirete, A. Belmar Simo, and M. A. Carrillo Cordoba. "Sociodemographic variables and efficacy study in psychotic patients after 12 months of outpatient treatment with paliperidone palmitate (PP)." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2018.
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IntroductionPsychotic disorders are serious mental illnesses that compromise the quality of life of patients. It is important to know the characteristics of the affected population, seek to improve the adhesion and functionality.ObjectivesTo describe the sociodemographic characteristics of patients treated with Palmitato Paliperidona (PP). Analyze the efficacy variables, adherence to treatment.MethodsCross-sectional study of 15 patients in outpatient follow-up after 12 months of treatment with PP. Sociodemographic characteristics are collected, mean dose of PP, through a mirror study. Scales to measure the functionality, clinical status and attitude towards medication apply: Scale of personal and social functioning (PSP), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-SI) and attitudes toward Inventory Medication (DAI).ResultsThe sample consists of 15 patients (54% male). 81% are single; 77% live alone and 94% not working. The mean dose of PP is 147 mg/month. DAI shows a good attitude to the treatment (80%). The PSP shows that 22% of patients have serious difficulties in its development. The CGI-SI shows that 67% are moderately sick and the BPRS that 33% of patients have a serious disorder.ConclusionsThe demographic profile of patients after 12 months of treatment with PP coincides with male, unmarried, unemployed, living alone. Most have good adherence. The variables measured by the CGI-SI, BPRS and PSP, displayed moderately ill patients with severe difficulties or marked on their autonomy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Synolakis, Costas, and Utku Kânoğlu. "The Fukushima accident was preventable." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2053 (October 28, 2015): 20140379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0379.
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The 11 March 2011 tsunami was probably the fourth largest in the past 100 years and killed over 15 000 people. The magnitude of the design tsunami triggering earthquake affecting this region of Japan had been grossly underestimated, and the tsunami hit the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP), causing the third most severe accident in an NPP ever. Interestingly, while the Onagawa NPP was also hit by a tsunami of approximately the same height as Dai-ichi, it survived the event ‘remarkably undamaged’. We explain what has been referred to as the cascade of engineering and regulatory failures that led to the Fukushima disaster. One, insufficient attention had been given to evidence of large tsunamis inundating the region earlier, to Japanese research suggestive that large earthquakes could occur anywhere along a subduction zone, and to new research on mega-thrusts since Boxing Day 2004. Two, there were unexplainably different design conditions for NPPs at close distances from each other. Three, the hazard analysis to calculate the maximum probable tsunami at Dai-ichi appeared to have had methodological mistakes, which almost nobody experienced in tsunami engineering would have made. Four, there were substantial inadequacies in the Japan nuclear regulatory structure. The Fukushima accident was preventable, if international best practices and standards had been followed, if there had been international reviews, and had common sense prevailed in the interpretation of pre-existing geological and hydrodynamic findings. Formal standards are needed for evaluating the tsunami vulnerability of NPPs, for specific training of engineers and scientists who perform tsunami computations for emergency preparedness or critical facilities, as well as for regulators who review safety studies.
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Berenice Olivera, Paola, Edna Yohana Meza, María Silvina Dho, and Alina Noelia Peláez. "Concordancia diagnóstica intraoperador de dos métodos cuantitativos de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en niños." Odontología Sanmarquina 23, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/os.v23i1.17503.
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Objetivo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la concordancia diagnóstica intraoperador, aplicando dos métodos cuantitativos como lo son el índice estético dental (DAI) y el índice de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico (IONT) en niños con dentición mixta. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional correlacional de corte transversal, con una muestra seleccionada de 20 pacientes que concurrieron para su atención integral al Módulo de atención integral del niño y el adolescente de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FOUNNE). Sobre los mismos pacientes se midieron las variables incluidas en ambos índices en una primera medición y con una diferencia de tiempo de 15 días una segunda medición, para evaluar la concordancia diagnóstica intraoperador y para evitar el sesgo por la memoria de este. Resultados. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Spearman, encontrándose para el IONT un coeficiente r=1 lo que indica una correlación perfecta y para el DAI un r=0,99, ambos significativos. Conclusiones. Se comprobó una correcta concordancia diagnóstica intraoperador de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en la aplicación de dos métodos cuantitativos, el índice estético dental y el índice de necesidad de tratamiento, sobre los mismos niños con dentición mixta.
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Russowski, Denise, and Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso. "Nitrogênio e fósforo no crescimento de plantas de ginseng brasileiro [Pfaffia glomerata(Spreng.) Pedersen] cultivadas in vitro." Ciência Rural 33, no. 1 (February 2003): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782003000100009.
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O ginseng brasileiro [Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen] apresenta propriedades medicinais marcantes e, por isso, atualmente, é largamente explorado de forma extrativista, tanto por parte dos coletores de ervas como pela indústria farmacêutica. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar o efeito da variação isolada da concentração de N e P do meio MS no crescimento de plantas de P. glomerata cultivadas in vitro. Segmentos nodais de 1,0cm de comprimento e sem folhas, de plantas já estabelecidas in vitro, foram cultivados em meio MS contendo cinco concentrações (0, 25, 50, 100 e 150% da concentração padrão do meio de cultura MS) de nitrogênio ou fósforo. Aos 15 dias após a inoculação (DAI), o número de raízes e o percentual de enraizamento são maiores na concentração de N e P equivalentes a 50% daquela do meio de cultura MS. Aos 40 DAI, o crescimento em altura das brotações, número de segmentos nodais, índice de área foliar, número de folhas, matéria seca de raízes, da parte aérea e total da planta é maior na concentração de N e P, em média, próxima a 80% daquela do meio de cultura MS.
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Ingle, NA, S. Hemapriya, PE Chaly, and VC Reddy. "Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Needs Among 12 and 15 Years Old Rural School Children in Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 7, no. 2 (2013): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-7-2-84.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Oral health care in rural areas is limited due to shortage of dental manpower, financial constraints and the lack of perceived need for dental care among rural masses. Aim and Objectives To assess malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12 and 15 years old rural school children in Kancheepuram district. Materials and Methods Multistage random sampling methodology was employed for the selection of blocks, village panchayats, schools and school children. The final sample size of the study is 1000 which included 500 children from 12 years and 500 from 15 years. The malocclusion was recorded using Dental Aesthetic Index. Results The overall prevalence of malocclusion among both the age groups was 75%. The mean DAI score among the 12 years was 29.1 ± 6.02 and among the 15 years was 28.2 ± 5.45 respectively. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that there is high prevalence of malocclusion among the rural school children.
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Pazdernik, David L., Carroll P. Vance, Michael J. Sadowsky, Peter H. Graham, and James H. Orf. "A Host-Controlled, Serogroup-Specific, Ineffective-Nodulation System in the Bradyrhizobium-Soybean (Glycine max) Symbiosis." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 10, no. 8 (November 1997): 994–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.8.994.
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We have previously reported a soybean plant introduction, PI 437153A, which was ineffectively nodulated (definition of G. Vest, D. F. Weber, and C. Sloger, Agronomy 16:353–390, 1973) by Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain UMR (University of Minnesota Rhizobium) 161. In this study, we further characterize this nodulation system by (i) examining the nodulation of 21 B. japonicum strains, representing 15 serogroups, with PI 437153A, (ii) ascertaining the inheritance of the ineffective nodulation, and (iii) characterizing the symbiosis both morphologically and physiologically. Only USDA 126 (serogroup 125) and UMR 161 failed to produce effective nodules with PI 437153A. Segregation among F2 and F3 plants from a cross between cv. Lambert and PI 437153A was consistent with control of this trait by a single, dominant gene. In reciprocal grafts between cv. Lambert and PI 437153A, ineffective nodulation was determined by the root genotype, and was independent of plant growth temperature and inoculant concentration. The nodule dry weight of UMR 161-inoculated plants of PI 437153A plants was approximately 10-fold less than that of comparable plants inoculated with USDA 110; nodule soluble protein levels were also significantly reduced. Nitrogenase activity and leghemoglobin could not be detected in the ineffectively nodulated phenotype, but 1 to 6 days after inoculation (DAI) phenylalanine ammonialyase RNA level was higher in the ineffectively nodulated phenotype than in the effectively nodulated one. Microscopic examination of effective and ineffective nodules 20 and 35 DAI revealed major morphological differences. Ineffective nodules contained large, deteriorating regions near apparently infected plant cells at 35 DAI, and schlerenchyma cells that were stained red, suggestive of lignin deposition. These changes could be the result of incompatibility between host and Bradyrhizobium, though the lack of chalcone synthase expression and the appearance of infected cells within the ineffective nodules suggest that some later steps in the infection process do occur.
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Zhou, Yi, He Wang, Lei Liang, Wen-Chan Zhao, Yan Chen, and Hong-Zhu Deng. "Total Alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides Increases the Expression of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs and IL-10 in Rats with Experimental Colitis." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 38, no. 02 (January 2010): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x1000783x.
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Previous studies have demonstrated that the total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides (TASA), which contains many different ingredients like sophocarpine, matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, sophoramine, aloperine and cytosine, were able to protect colon against ulcers caused by 2,4,6-trinitrobenze sulphonic acid (TNBS)/ethanol treated models. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which TASA exerts its effect of anti-inflammation and immunoregulation on rats with colitis, DAI (disease activity index) and histological grading of colitis were evaluated in the animal model. Moreover, the expression of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL-10 in rats with experimental colitis were observed by FCM, ELISA and RT-PCR in this study. Results showed that TASA (15, 30 or 60 mg/kg/day) significantly up-regulated CD4+CD25+Tregs (P = 0.02, P = 0.02, P = 0.03) and IL-10 levels (ELISA: P = 0.03, P = 0.02, P = 0.00; RT-PCR: P = 0.04, P = 0.02, P = 0.01) respectively and decreased the DAI and histological grading of colitis in the peripheral blood (PB) and colon of rat colitis models (3.44 ± 1.53, 4.25 ± 1.27, 4.42 ± 1.24 and 3.50 ± 1.42, 4.05 ± 1.32, 4.51 ± 1.55 vs. 7.18 ± 1.32 and 7.38 ± 1.52, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). Most interestingly, a negative correlation was demonstrated between the expression of CD4+CD25+ Tregs and DAI (Pearson rPB = -0.677, P < 0.01; Pearson rCOLON = -0.663, P < 0.01, n = 60), or histological grading of colitis (Pearson rPB = -0.725, P < 0.01; Pearson rCOLON = -0.623, P < 0.01, n = 60). Simultaneously, a positive correlation existed between CD4+CD25+ Tregs and IL-10 cytokine (IL-10 mRNA) in the colon and PB of rats (Pearson rPB = 0.789, P < 0.01, n = 60; Pearson rCOLON = 0.678, P < 0.01, n = 60). These results may explain to some extent the mechanisms of TASA on treating rats with experimental colitis.
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Bahry, Abdul-Rahman. "ARABIC LEARNING AND RELIGIOUS CONVERSION." Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 14, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/epis.2019.14.1.1-15.
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The government of the State of Ohio has designed mandatory programs to help NRC’s female inmates to prepare themselves upon their release back to the community; one of the programs is Islamic education for Muslim prisoners. This program reserves as an opportunity for Muslim missionary (dai) for exercising dakwah (Islamic proselytization) activism, not only for Muslim prisoners, but also as a gate to introduce Islam to non-Muslim inmates. Particularly for the non-Muslim prisoners, they are interested in studying reading and writing Arabic as they are voluntarily joining the Arabic class. This article tries to over a new perspective on Islamic education and dakwah activism. Taking a close look at the lives of prisoners at the state prison of Ohio, this article mainly discusses the intermingled sphere of Islamic education for the Muslim and religious conversion. It further argues that teaching Arabic resorts as a gate for Muslim missionary to introduce Islam for Muslim prisoner who voluntarily participated in this language class and religious conversion to Islam often follows their participation. Thus, as the discussion of this article demonstrates, there has been a close connectivity between the ‘neutral’ language class with religious conversion.
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Husain, Nadeem, AR Yusuf Ahammed, Debapriya Pradhan, Vikranth Shetty, Anup Kumar Panda, Sachin Gunda, and Sachin Gugwad. "Prevalence of Malocclusion among 12 to 15 Years Age Group Orphan Children using Dental Aesthetic Index." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 1 (2013): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1281.
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ABSTRACT Objective The study was done to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment among orphan children. Materials and methods The sample consisted of 165 orphan children aged between 12 and 15 years. A clinical examination was used to determine the orthodontic treatment need according to the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The statistical software namely SPSS version 15.0 was used for the analysis different parameters as gender and age. Results The prevalence of definite, severe and very severe malocclusion was more among males than females and it increased with age. 16.4% subjects needed orthodontic treatment ranging from slight to mandatory form. Clinical significance The prevalence and severity of malocclusion was more among orphan children as they are deprived of healthy lifestyle. So, they should be identified and corrective measures instituted at the earliest to prevent a widespread impact on their psychological development. How to cite this article Ahammed ARY, Shetty V, Panda AK, Gunda S, Pradhan D, Husain N, Gugwad S. Prevalence of Malocclusion among 12 to 15 Years Age Group Orphan Children using Dental Aesthetic Index. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):111-114.
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Groves, Kelly M., Stuart L. Warren, and Ted E. Bilderback. "Irrigation Volume, Application, and Controlled-release Fertilizer II. Effect on Substrate Solution Nutrient Concentration and Water Efficiency in Containerized Plant Production." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 16, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-16.3.182.
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Abstract Rooted cuttings of Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid ‘Skogholm’ and seedlings of Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. ‘Goldsturm’ were potted into 3.8 liter (4 qt) containers in a pine bark:sand (8:1 by vol) substrate incorporated with 3.5 g (0.12 oz) N per container provided by one of the following five controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs): Meister 21N–3.5P–11.1K (21–7–14), Osmocote 24N–2.0P–5.6K (24–4–7), Scotts 23N–2.0P–6.4K (23–4–8), Sustane 5N–0.9P–3.3K (5–2–4) or Woodace 21N–3.0P–9.5K (21–6–12). Two hundred ml (0.3 in), 400 ml (0.6 in), 800 ml (1.1 in) or 1200 ml (1.7 in) of water was applied once daily (single) or in two equal applications with a 2 hr interval between applications (cyclic). Substrate solutions were collected from containers of cotoneaster 15, 32, 45, 60, 74, 90, 105, and 119 days after initiation (DAI). Irrigation efficiency [(water applied − water leached) ÷ water applied] was determined on the same days. Cyclic application improved irrigation efficiency at 800 ml (1.1 in) and 1200 ml (1.7 in) ≈ 27% compared to a single application. Irrigation efficiencies averaged over the season were 95%, 84%, 62%, and 48% for cotoneaster and 100%, 90%, 72%, and 51% for rudbeckia at 200 ml (0.3 in), 400 ml (0.6 in), 800 ml (1.1 in) and 1200 ml (1.7 in), respectively. NH4-N and NO3-N and PO4-P concentrations in substrate solution decreased with increasing irrigation volume regardless of CRF. Substrate NH4-N concentration decreased throughout the season with most CRFs below 5 mg/liter by 90 DAI. CRFs mainly affected substrate NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations when irrigated with 200 ml (0.3 in) or 400 ml (0.6 in). Substrate NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P solution concentrations were similar for all CRFs at irrigation volume of 1200 ml (1.7 in). Osmocote, Scotts, and Woodace maintained relatively constant substrate solution levels of PO4-P through 60 DAI. By 90 DAI, substrate PO4-P levels were similar regardless of irrigation volume or CRF. Substrate PO4-P concentrations were never in the recommended range of 5 to 10 mg/liter when irrigated with 800 ml (1.1 in) or 1200 ml (1.7 in) regardless of CRF. Solution pH remained in the recommended range of 5.0 to 6.0 for all irrigation volumes and CRFs throughout the entire study with the exception of Sustane.
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Chaves Dias, Elizangela. "MODELLI DI OSPITALITÀ E THEOXENIA NELLA BIBBIA." Perspectiva Teológica 51, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v51n2p207/2019.
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Questo saggio propone un approccio alla tematica dell’ospitalità in prospettiva biblico-teologica. L’ospitalità e la theoxenia sono generi letterari presenti anche nella letteratura extra-biblica, per cui, si cerca prima di individuare gli elementi specifici di questi generi letterari ad extra della Bibbia. Seguendo, poi, con lo studio di Gn 18,1-15 si cerca di identificare una grammatica simbolica e una struttura propria dei generi letterari dell’ospitalità e della theoxenia. Dai risultati ottenuti, si fa una analisi comparativa tra Gn 18,1-15 e Gn 19,1-29, per finalmente verificare l’intenzionalità teologica di Luca nell’utilizzare i sopraindicati generi letterari in Lc 7,36-50. Non si tratta soltanto di applicare il metodo di analisi del genere letterario, ma di identificare nei racconti biblici le tracce del genere di theoxenia e di ospitalità e la loro intenzionalità nelle pericopi prescelte per questo studio.
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Foddis, Carlo, Daniele Di Girolamo, Lucio Silingardi, Beatrice Manfredi, and Silvia Mazzoni. "Proposta di un algoritmo decisionale a supporto della procedura di valutazione delle relazioni triadiche di famiglie fragili condotta attraverso il Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP)." TERAPIA FAMILIARE, no. 125 (June 2021): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tf2021-125006.
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L'articolo delinea l'architettura di un algoritmo decisionale pensato a supporto di un metodo di scoring informatizzato da applicare alla procedura osservativa semi-strutturata del Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP). Tale metodo consente l'individuazione del tipo di alleanza familiare prevalente a partire dai punteggi espressi dal clinico nel set delle 15 scale previste dalla procedura Viene pertanto descritto, in maniera dettagliata, il lavoro di operazionalizzazione dei differenti tipi di alleanza familiare, sviluppato con preciso riferimento al manuale di utilizzo del LTP (Sistema FAAS 6.3). Sono presentate, infine, le possibili ricadute cliniche ed organizzative dell'utilizzo dell'algoritmo nella valutazione di sistemi familiari triadici, entro il contesto sanitario pubblico dell'UO di Psicologia Clinica Minori e Famiglie.
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Xiao-Sheng, He, Yi Sheng-Yu, Zhang Xiang, Fei Zhou, Zhang Jian-Ning, and Yang Li-Sun. "Diffuse axonal injury due to lateral head rotation in a rat model." Journal of Neurosurgery 93, no. 4 (October 2000): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.93.4.0626.
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Object. The authors investigated the ramifications of producing diffuse axonal injury (DAI) by lateral head rotation in a rat model.Methods. Using a special injury-producing device, the rat's head was rapidly rotated 90° in the coronal plane at an angular velocity of at least 753.13 rad/second and an angular acceleration of at least 1.806 × 105 rad/second2; the rotation was complete within 2.09 msec. There were no statistically significant changes in PO2, PCO2, pH, or blood pressure values at 5, 15, or 60 minutes after head rotation compared with their respective preinjury baseline values. The rats exhibited posttraumatic behavior suppression for an average of 12.6 minutes. The mortality rate was 17%. The rats that survived had diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage around the brainstem and upper cervical cord, but no obvious brain contusion. In sections stained with silver or hematoxylin and eosin, axonal swelling and bulblike protrusions at the axonal axis were observed in the medulla oblongata, midbrain, upper cervical cord, and corpus callosum between 6 hours and 144 hours postinjury. The axonal injuries were most severe in the brainstem and were accompanied by parenchymal bleeding. The density of bulblike axonal protrusions peaked 6 hours postinjury in the medulla oblongata and 24 hours postinjury in the midbrain.Conclusions. Rapid lateral head rotation can produce DAI characterized by severe damage to the rat brainstem.
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DIETRICH, CHRISTOPHER H., HUONG T. T. NGUYEN, and HONG THAI PHAM. "New genera, new species and new records of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Vietnam." Zootaxa 4877, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 241–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4877.2.2.
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Recent collecting in northern Vietnam yielded specimens of several new leafhopper species, two of which represent new monotypic genera, and several additional species not previously recorded from Vietnam. The two new genera (Hochiminus n. gen. and Pseudocestius n. gen.) and 15 new species (Abrus digitatus n. sp., Aeternus ninhbinhensis n. sp., Drabescoides bispinosa n. sp., Tenompoella vietnamensis n. sp., Uzelina (Uzelina) vietnamensis sp. n., Hochiminhus tamdaoensis n. sp., Pseudocestius cucphuongensis n. sp., Phlogothamnus pseudorugosus n. sp., Scaphoidella albopunctata n. sp., Bundera onukiiformis n. sp., Carinata arcuata n. sp., Traiguma hamocauda n. sp., Signoretia tamdaoensis n. sp., Amrasca (Quartasca) curvata n. sp., Amrasca (Quartasca) excavata n. sp.) are described and illustrated and comparative notes are provided. An additional 28 species representing 20 genera are newly recorded from Vietnam. Most of the latter were previously recorded only from southern China. The enigmatic species, Tardrabassus pakneunensis Dai & Dietrich, previously known from two males collected in Laos in 1918, is newly recorded from Vietnam based on recently collected female specimens. The ovipositor structure of the female confirms placement of Tardrabassus in Iassinae. The female pregenital sternite and ovipositor of Hamulotettix ungulatus Dai & Zhang are also illustrated for the first time. A new synonymy is also proposed: Ujna consors Distant, 1908 equals Mileewa puerana Yang & Meng, 2010, n. syn.