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Martínez Navarro, Jorge Angel. "La competencia digital de los estudiantes universitarios latinoamericanos." IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, no. 14 (July 9, 2020): 276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46661/ijeri.4387.
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La investigación que se presenta es un primer acercamiento al estudio del nivel de competencia digital autopercibida de los estudiantes universitarios en el contexto latinoamericano con una muestra representativa de 5 países de la región. Para la recogida de datos se ha utilizado el instrumento INCOTIC adaptado para el contexto Latinoamericano.
Las variables objeto de estudio son: la alfabetización Informacional (DAI), la alfabetización tecnológica (DAT), la alfabetización multimedia (DAM) y la alfabetización comunicativa (DAC); analizando los datos por países y comparando los resultados para cada uno de ellos en función de la edad y el género.
Se detecta que el país que menor puntuación obtiene en las alfabetizaciones analizadas es Ecuador, siendo Chile y Colombia los países con mejor puntuación. Además, se observan interesantes diferencias al profundizar por género y edad en cada alfabetización. En concreto, la DAI más alta se da en el rango de edad entre los 24-31 años, y la DAT, DAM y DAC se da en el rango de 28-31 años. En el caso de las mujeres, la DAI más alta se da en el rango de edad entre los 20-27 años, y la DAT, DAM y DAC se da en el rango de 28-31 años.
Se espera diseñar las líneas maestras de un Plan de Alfabetización Digital para estudiantes universitarios con propuestas para cada una de las universidades participantes que luego sea el insumo para que los investigadores de cada país puedan contextualizarlos a sus realidades con énfasis en las competencias informacionales, por la importancia que ellas tienen en la prosecución de estudios universitarios y posterior desempeño laboral.
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Ho, Kwok-Ming, Stephen Honeybul, and Ravi Ambati. "089 Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with severe non-penetrating traumatic brain injury requiring decompressive craniectomy." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 89, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): A36.1—A36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-anzan.88.
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IntroductionDiffuse axonal injury (DAI) detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be useful to predict outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsThis study compared the ability of the International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials (IMPACT) prognostic model with DAI on MRI, to predict 18 months neurological outcome in 56 patients who had required a decompressive craniectomy after TBI.Of the 56 patients included in the study (19 scans occurred within 14 days; median time for all patients 24 days, interquartile range 14–42), 18 (32%) had evidence of DAI on the MRI scans. The presence of DAI on the MRI diffusion-weighted (DW), T2*-weighted-gradient echo and susceptibility-weighted (SWI) sequences was associated with an increased risk of unfavourable outcome at 18 months compared to those without DAI (44% vs. 17%, difference=27%, 95% confidence interval 2.4%–46.7%; p=0.032), particularly when brainstem was involved. However, neither the grading (I to IV) nor the number of brain regions with DAI was as good as the IMPACT model in discriminating between patients with unfavourable and favourable outcome (area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve: 0.625 and 0.621 vs 0.918, respectively; p<0.001 for both comparisons). After adjusting for the IMPACT prognostic risks, DAI in different brain regions and the grading of DAI were also not independently associated with unfavourable outcome.ConclusionThe prognostic significance of DAI on MRI may, in part, be captured by the IMPACT prognostic model. More research is needed before MRI should be routinely used to prognosticate outcomes of patients with TBI requiring decompressive craniectomy.
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Virgilio, Aldo Di. "DAI PARTITI Al POLI. LA POLITICA DELLE ALLEANZE." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 24, no. 3 (December 1994): 493–547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048840200023212.
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IntroduzioneLe elezioni politiche del 27-28 marzo 1994 si sono svolte in un quadro competitivo contrassegnato, rispetto al passato recente, da molteplici novità. Tali novità debbono attribuirsi essenzialmente alla concomitanza e all'intreccio di due fattori, fonte entrambi di incertezza e di (potenziale) trasformazione: (a) il cambiamento della legge elettorale e (b) il prodursi (nell'ultimo biennio) di un rapido quanto imprevisto processo di destrutturazione partitica. Come conseguenza della ridefinizione della struttura dei vincoli e degli incentivi competitivi degli attori (nuova legge elettorale) e/o per effetto del mutamento partitico e della transizione verso equilibri partitici non ben definiti ma sicuramente diversi da quelli tradizionali (processo di destrutturazione), ne è scaturita un'offerta elettorale dalla configurazione per buona parte inedita.
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Jiajing, Song. "Affinity and Influence of Federico García Lorca on the Poetry of Dai Wangshu." Sinología hispánica 7, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v7i2.5734.
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As one of the most representative modern poets in China, Dai Wangshu not only contributs a lot to the development of the modern Chinese poetry, but also plays an important role in introducing western poetics to China. Dai’s translation of western poetry has a profound influence on his poetic creation. Dai, throughout his poetic career, was at first influenced by the French romanticism, then was fascinated by the French symbolism and post-symbolism. The years of Disaster, a collection of poems in his later years, however, demonstrates an inclination to the Spanish modernist poetry, especially to the poems of Federico García Lorca, one of the most representative poets of the Generation of 27. This paper focuses on analyzing the characteristics of the works of these two poets, Dai Wangshu and Lorca, and is intended to make a comparative study of the affinities and similarities in their poetic beliefs and practice and the Lorca’s deep influences on Dai’s poetic creation, thus filling the blank in this field.
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Rijal, Prashant, Subash Subedi, Chiran Adhikari, Sundarman Shrestha, and Jiban Shrestha. "Seed-borne infestation and management of Alternaria Species in mustard seed at Chitwan district, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i1.27170.
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Alternaria blight in mustard cause heavy damage to the foliar parts resulting into poor growth and development of plants and thereby reduces seed yield. Inorder to manage Alternaria infestation in mustard seed for yield maximization, an experiment was conducted in the plant protection laboratory in Nepal Polytechnic Institute, Bharatpur, Chitwan in 2018, using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replicates. Five treatments i.e.Uthane M-45 (2g/kg), Neem powder (3 g/kg), Bojho powder (4g/kg), Trichoderma harzianum, (107 Conidia/mL) and control (without treatment) were used for seed treatment of local variety of Mustard. Four hundred seeds for each treatment (25 seeds in each petriplate) were plated using triple layers of moistened blotter paper in petriplate and incubated at (27±20C) for 2 days and followed deep freezing for 24 hrs. Data of disease incidence and seed germination were recorded in 3, 7 and 10 days after incubation (DAI). Seedling vigor and seedling weight were also recorded at 5 DAI. The percentage of Alternaria spp incidence on seeds at different DAI showed highly significant with respect to different treatments. Application of Uthane M-45 and T. harzianum significantly reduced the seed-borne infection of Alternaria spp. as compared to control. At 3 DAI Uthane M-45 completely checked the pathogen however, only 4% and 5% disease incidence was observed in 7 DAI and 10 DAI respectively. Bio control agent Trichoderma harzianum was found next best alternative after Uthane M-45 to control disease. Plant extract Bojho powder and Neem powder were found better than control to check the disease. Furthermore, highest germination (76%) was observed in Trichoderma treatment whereas, lowest germination was found in control.
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MacKenzie, S. J., J. C. Mertely, and N. A. Peres. "Curative and Protectant Activity of Fungicides for Control of Crown Rot of Strawberry Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." Plant Disease 93, no. 8 (August 2009): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-8-0815.
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The ability of fungicides to control Colletotrichum crown rot of strawberry caused by C. gloeosporioides was examined over three seasons. A single application of each fungicide was made 2 days before inoculation (2 DBI) or 1 day after inoculation (1 DAI) with conidial suspensions of C. gloeosporioides. The proportion of plants collapsed on one date at the end of each season was evaluated. In a combined analysis, there was a significant fungicide treatment-season interaction (P = 0.004). Percent mortality was 64% over 3 years in control plots that were inoculated with C. gloeosporioides but not treated with fungicide. Captan applied 2 DBI consistently reduced plant mortality (mean mortality = 17%). However, it was not as effective when applied 1 DAI (mean mortality = 46%). Azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and thiophanate-methyl all reduced plant mortality relative to the control if applied 2 DBI (mean mortality = 46% for azoxystrobin, 37% for pyraclostrobin, and 41% for thiophanate-methyl) or 1 DAI (mean mortality = 29% for azoxystrobin, 27% for pyraclostrobin, and 32% for thiophanate-methyl). Results indicated that these fungicides were more effective when applied 1 DAI; however, lower plant mortality was not always observed with postinoculation applications. Cyprodinil + fludioxonil reduced mortality relative to the control, but there was no consistent evidence that it was more effective when applied at 2 DBI (mean mortality = 39%) than when applied 1 DAI (mean mortality = 40%). Similarly, mortality in plots treated with thiram 2 DBI (mean mortality = 30%) or 1 DAI (mean mortality = 32%) was not different. Potassium phosphite did not affect mortality, regardless of the timing of application (2 DBI mean mortality = 61%, 1 DAI mean mortality = 67%). The results indicated that an effective strategy for controlling Colletotrichum crown rot caused by C. gloeosporioides should be based on weekly applications of captan throughout the growing season. Azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, or thiophanate-methyl applications should be applied when weather conditions are highly favorable for disease development and the activity of contact fungicides such as captan or thiram might be compromised.
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González Soria, C., C. I. Fombellida Velasco, L. C. Fernández Martín, L. Sánchez Pernas, L. Al Chaal Marcos, L. Alonso León, R. De La Mata Hidalgo, and I. Valriberas Herrero. "Attitude toward medication as a predictor of therapeutic adherence. Importance of psychoeducation on treatment." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S565—S566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2096.
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IntroductionBetween 25–50% of psychiatric patients are non-compliant with their pharmacological treatment. When differences between compliant and non-compliant patients were analyzed, differences were found in relation to their beliefs and feelings about medication. The Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) was created to measure attitudes towards medication in adults. It predicted adherence in schizophrenia and depression studies.ObjectiveDetermine if psychotherapeutic and psychoeducational activities – during a partial hospitalization at the Psychiatric Day Hospital – can improve aspects related to feelings and thoughts about medication.MethodWe gathered retrospectively a sample of 151 patients hospitalized at the Psychiatric Day Hospital, from September 2013 to June 2015. Their thoughts and feelings about medication were measured with the DAI before and after the hospitalization. From the sample of 151 patients, 94 completed both tests, excluding who did not have the final DAI score. Differences between initial and final scores were statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon test for paired samples.ResultsOf the 94 patients who completed the study, 52 showed an improvement in their DAI score, whereas the remaining 27 showed an equal or decreased final DAI compared to initial evaluation. The difference was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionIt seems that psychoeducational activities related to medication are important in order to reconsider or modify feelings and thoughts about treatment. Information on medication provided to psychiatric patients (to those who need psychopharmacological treatment), carried out in a group context, which facilitates an open and sincere communication, can be a useful strategy to improve compliance with treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ribeiro, Súnia, Chiara L. de O. Moraes, Gabriele Righetti Neto, José Alexandre Médicis da Silveira, Fabiana Gonçalez, and Sandra Murad Quintero. "Avaliação Auditiva (audiometria tonal e emissões otoacústica evocadas - produtos de distorção) em pacientes portadores de Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico e Artrite Reumatóide." Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia 68, no. 2 (March 2002): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-72992002000200013.
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Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento clínico e auditivo dos pacientes com doença auto-imune (DAI), em particular Artrite Reumatóide (AR) e Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) e comparar os achados audiométricos e às emissões otoacústicas (EOAs) - produtos de distorção nestes pacientes. Casuística e Método: Foram selecionados 40 pacientes com DAI (AR e LES), sendo 27 portadores de AR e 13 de LES, 95% do sexo feminino, mediana 56 anos no grupo de AR e 29 anos no grupo de LES. A avaliação auditiva foi realizada através de anamnese dirigida, exame otorrinolaringológico, audiometria tonal e emissões otoacústicas evocadas (produtos de distorção). Resultados: Foram estudadas 80 orelhas sendo observada alteração à audiometria tonal em 19 (19/54 - 35%) no grupo de AR e, em apenas quatro (4/26 - 15,4%) no grupo de LES. Em relação às Otoemissões, foi detectada alteração em 37 orelhas (37/54 - 68,5%) do grupo de AR e em oito (8/26 - 30,7%) no grupo de LES. Das 80 orelhas com DAI, 23 (28,8%) apresentaram audiometria alterada e 45 (56,3%) alterações às otoemissões. Conclusão: Os autores sugerem que as emissões otoacústicas (EOAs) produtos de distorção sejam mais sensíveis que a audiometria tonal na detecção de alterações cocleares nas doenças auto-imune, fazendo-se necessário um seguimento a longo prazo para que se confirme o valor preditivo das EOAs no prognóstico audiológico dos pacientes com DAI.
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Wang, Lan-Ying, Xiao Liang, Jing Zhao, Ying Wang, and Shao-Ping Li. "Dynamic Analysis of Nucleosides and Carbohydrates during Developmental Stages of Cordyceps militaris in Silkworm (Bombyxmori)." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0309.
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Abstract Background: Cultured Cordyceps militaris is very popular. Objective: To gain dynamic insight into activity markers in fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) in Bombyxmori (B. mori), also named silkworm. Methods: The development stages of samples at 3, 9, 12, 19, 27, and 33 days after inoculation (DAI) were collected. HPLC coupled with diode array detection and evaporative light-scattering detection method (HPLC–DAD–ELSD) was used to determine eight makers, including six nucleosides and two carbohydrates from the samples. Results: C. militaris cultured 33 DAI with fifth star silkworm larva could accumulate higher levels of cordycepin (13.43 mg/g) than the highest reported cordycepin (8.57 g/L). The contents of cordycepin, adenosine, and trehalose were gradually increased with the formation of C. militaris fruiting bodies on silkworm larva, while mannitol was decreased. The change of guanosine was similar to uracil. Conclusions: Results suggested that mannitol could be accumulated in a short period during mycelium growth and could metabolize and transform into energy store and trehalose during fruit body formation. The inosine in the insect was completely utilized and transformed. The synergistic formation of cordycepin and adenosine or differences in metabolized pathways are a great possibility according to the same trend. Highlights: This research offered some reference to further find a certain regularity or metabolic mechanism.
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Vale, Benjamim, Juçara Castro, Marx Araújo, Herb Morais, and Lívio Macêdo. "Traumatic Brain Injury Caused by Motor Vehicle Collision and Alcoholism in Piauí." Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 37, no. 03 (May 23, 2016): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1583935.
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Objectives To determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with diffuse axonal injury (DAI), determining these indices, checking acquired comorbidities and characterizing the patients by gender, age and race/color, as well as describing the characteristics of the motor vehicle collision (vehicle, period of the day, day of the week and site) in people admitted to an emergency hospital in the city of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Methods We have analyzed the data contained in the medical records of patients admitted with a history of motor vehicle collision and severe TBI in intensive care units, based on the forms provided by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU, in the Portuguese acronym) in the period between February 28 and November 28, 2013. Results In the period covered by the present study, 200 individuals were analyzed, and 54 (27%) had consumed alcohol; of these 11 had DAI. Of the total sample, 17% (34) presented DAI, however, with unknown data regarding the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Conclusion Considering the data, we observed that the profile of the head trauma patients are brown men, mostly (53.5%) aged between 15 and 30 years. The collisions occurred mostly on weekends and at night (55%), and 89.5% of the crashes involved motorcycles.
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Purohit, Devendra, Virendra Sinha, and Y. Karthikeyan. "Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Unconscious Patients due to Diffuse Axonal Injury and Its Prognostic Value." Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 14, no. 01 (April 2017): 015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604051.
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Aim To study the long-term prognostic value of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in unconscious patients with traumatic brain injury with findings of NCCT of the brain suggestive of diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Background Studies addressing the correlation of MRI with the pattern and duration of loss of consciousness due to DAI are few. The utility of MRI in predicting the functional outcome has not been reported in the Indian population. Materials and Methods In patients with DAI, MRI sequences including T1, T2*GRE (gradient recall echo), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) were obtained. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) scores were documented at admission, on discharge, and at 3 months. Results A total of 54 patients (53 males, 1 female) were included in the study. The mean age was 27 ± 11.7 years. The mean GCS score on admission and at follow-up were 9.14 ± 2.3 and 11.7 ± 2.3, respectively. The mean GOS score on discharge and at 3 months were 2.6 ± 0.8 and 3.18 ± 1.02, respectively. SWI sequence detected maximum number of lesions followed by GRE and DWI. Patients with lesions in brainstem and basal ganglia were found to have a less favorable outcome as assessed by GCS and GOS at 3 months. There was no correlation between the total lesion load and outcome at 3 months. Conclusion In patients with DAI, SWI was found to be the most sensitive MRI sequence detecting maximum number of lesions. Patients with lesions in the brainstem and basal ganglia appear to have longer duration of unconsciousness and poorer outcome at 3 months.
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Abu Hamdeh, Sami, Niklas Marklund, Anders Lewén, Tim Howells, Raili Raininko, Johan Wikström, and Per Enblad. "Intracranial pressure elevations in diffuse axonal injury: association with nonhemorrhagic MR lesions in central mesencephalic structures." Journal of Neurosurgery 131, no. 2 (August 2019): 604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.4.jns18185.
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OBJECTIVEIncreased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is not well defined. This study investigated the occurrence of increased ICP and whether clinical factors and lesion localization on MRI were associated with increased ICP in patients with DAI.METHODSFifty-two patients with severe TBI (median age 24 years, range 9–61 years), who had undergone ICP monitoring and had DAI on MRI, as determined using T2*-weighted gradient echo, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences, were enrolled. The proportion of good monitoring time (GMT) with ICP > 20 mm Hg during the first 120 hours postinjury was calculated and associations with clinical and MRI-related factors were evaluated using linear regression.RESULTSAll patients had episodes of ICP > 20 mm Hg. The mean proportion of GMT with ICP > 20 mm Hg was 5%, and 27% of the patients (14/52) spent more than 5% of GMT with ICP > 20 mm Hg. The Glasgow Coma Scale motor score at admission (p = 0.04) and lesions on DWI sequences in the substantia nigra and mesencephalic tegmentum (SN-T, p = 0.001) were associated with the proportion of GMT with ICP > 20 mm Hg. In multivariable linear regression, lesions on DWI sequences in SN-T (8% of GMT with ICP > 20 mm Hg, 95% CI 3%–13%, p = 0.004) and young age (−0.2% of GMT with ICP > 20 mm Hg, 95% CI −0.07% to −0.3%, p = 0.002) were associated with increased ICP.CONCLUSIONSIncreased ICP occurs in approximately one-third of patients with severe TBI who have DAI. Age and lesions on DWI sequences in the central mesencephalon (i.e., SN-T) are associated with elevated ICP. These findings suggest that MR lesion localization may aid prediction of increased ICP in patients with DAI.
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Losurdo, Michela, Johan Davidsson, and Mattias K. Sköld. "Diffuse Axonal Injury in the Rat Brain: Axonal Injury and Oligodendrocyte Activity Following Rotational Injury." Brain Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10040229.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly results in primary diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and associated secondary injuries that evolve through a cascade of pathological mechanisms. We aim at assessing how myelin and oligodendrocytes react to head angular-acceleration-induced TBI in a previously described model. This model induces axonal injuries visible by amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, predominantly in the corpus callosum and its borders. Brain tissue from a total of 27 adult rats was collected at 24 h, 72 h and 7 d post-injury. Coronal sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry and RNAscope® to investigate DAI and myelin changes (APP, MBP, Rip), oligodendrocyte lineage cell loss (Olig2), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) (NG2, PDGFRa) and neuronal stress (HSP70, ATF3). Oligodendrocytes and OPCs numbers (expressed as percentage of positive cells out of total number of cells) were measured in areas with high APP expression. Results showed non-statistically significant trends with a decrease in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and an increase in OPCs. Levels of myelination were mostly unaltered, although Rip expression differed significantly between sham and injured animals in the frontal brain. Neuronal stress markers were induced at the dorsal cortex and habenular nuclei. We conclude that rotational injury induces DAI and neuronal stress in specific areas. We noticed indications of oligodendrocyte death and regeneration without statistically significant changes at the timepoints measured, despite indications of axonal injuries and neuronal stress. This might suggest that oligodendrocytes are robust enough to withstand this kind of trauma, knowledge important for the understanding of thresholds for cell injury and post-traumatic recovery potential.
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Da Silva, Mychele B., Richard F. Davis, Pawan Kumar, Robert L. Nichols, and Peng W. Chee. "Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci qMi-C11 and qMi-C14 in Cotton Have Different Effects on the Development of Meloidogyne incognita, the Southern Root-Knot Nematode." Plant Disease 103, no. 5 (May 2019): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-18-1050-re.
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Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) qMi-C11 and qMi-C14 impart a high level of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in cotton. Breeders had previously backcrossed both QTLs into the susceptible Coker 201 to create the highly resistant M-120 RNR, and we crossed Coker 201 and M-120 RNR to create near-isogenic lines with either qMi-C11 or qMi-C14. Previous work suggests different modes of action for qMi-C11 and qMi-C14. To document individual and combined effects of the QTLs on nematode development and reproduction, Coker 201 (neither QTL), M-120 RNR (both QTLs), CH11 near isoline (qMi-C11), and CH14 near isoline (qMi-C14) were inoculated with M. incognita. At 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, and 30 days after inoculation (DAI), roots were stained to observe nematode developmental stages (second-stage juvenile [J2], swollen second-stage juvenile [SJ2], third-stage juvenile [J3], fourth-stage juvenile [J4], and female), and the number of galls was counted. At 20, 25, 30, and 40 DAI, M. incognita eggs were harvested and counted. At 30 DAI, 80% of the nematodes on Coker 201 were female compared with 50, 40, and 33% females on CH14, CH11, and M-120 RNR, respectively, and greater proportions of nematodes remained in J2 in M-120 RNR (41%), CH11 (58%), and CH14 (27%) than in Coker 201 (9%). More nematodes progressed to J3 or J4 on Coker 201 and CH14 than on CH11 or M-120 RNR. Coker 201 and CH14 had more galls than M-120 RNR. Coker 201 had more eggs than the other genotypes at 30 DAI. Nematode development beyond J2 or SJ2 was significantly reduced by qMi-C11, and development beyond J3 or J4 was significantly reduced by qMi-C14. This study confirms that qMi-C11 and qMi-C14 act at different times and have different effects on the development of M. incognita, and therefore, they have different modes of action.
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Sirianni, Emilio. "La sovranitŕ aggirata (Pulsioni inquisitorie e strategie mediatiche nel proceso penale)." QUESTIONE GIUSTIZIA, no. 5 (November 2009): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qg2009-005003.
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- Quella che segue č la trasposizione in forma scritta dell'intervento svolto nel convengo «La magistratura e gli altri. Quando sono i giudici ad essere giudicati», tenutosi a Reggio Calabria il 27 e 28 febbraio 2009. Convegno organizzato dalla locale sezione di Magistratura democratica e nel quale si č proposta una riflessione a piů voci e da diversi punti di vista sul ruolo e sull'immagine odierni della magistratura e sulle aspettative ad essa ancora indirizzate dai cittadini. Riflessione nel corso della quale quasi obbligati sono stati i riferimenti allo scontro fra le Procure di Catanzaro e Salerno - allora da poco consumatosi - e alle vicende che ne costituivano l'antefatto.
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Hidaka, Saburo, Yoshizo Okamoto, Kimio Abe, Koji Miyazaki, Mamoru Suekawa, and Sheng Yan Liu. "Inhibitory Effects of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate and Chinese Traditional (Kampo) Medicines on Calcification of the Heart and Tongue in DBA/2NCrj Mice." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 24, no. 01 (January 1996): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x96000098.
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The effects of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) and two Chinese traditional (Kampo) medicines, Dai-saiko-to and Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to on spontaneous soft tissue (heart and tongue) mineralization in DBA/2NCrj mice were studied. These agents were given orally for 4 weeks to DBA/2NCrj mice. After 2 weeks of administration in the heart, 0.006 and 0.03% (w/v) HEBP decreased calcium content by 90 and 30%, respectively, while 0.27 and 2.7 mg/ml Dai-saiko-to reduced calcium content by 30 and 45%, respectively. Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to (0.27 mg/ml) reduced both calcium and phosphorus content by 50 and 35%, respectively. However, their inhibitory effects on the heart were not observed after 4 weeks of administration. The compounds delayed the onset of increases of bulk calcium and phosphorus content. In the tongue, at 4 weeks, 0.006 and 0.03% (w/v) HEBP reduced calcium content by 30 and 45%, respectively, while two Kampo medicines (at both concentrations used) significantly reduced the content of calcium (by 27-79%) and phosphorus (by 24-32%). These results strongly suggest that two Kampo medicines as well as HEBP may be useful in preventing and curing soft tissue calcification.
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Rothkopf, Cathrin, and Silke Schworm. "Exploring Dog-Assisted Interventions in Higher Education: Students’ Attitudes and Perceived Effects on Well-Being." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094492.
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Both, in the transition to university and during it, students experience a multitude of different changes. Thus, it is no surprise that many students in higher education report suffering from mental health problems. To address their concerns, animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) have gained more and more attention over the past few years. Nonetheless, AAIs have neither yet been used nor researched at German universities. Two studies were carried out to address this issue. In Study I, 709 university students answered a questionnaire evaluating their attitude towards dogs, AAIs and interest in its use at their home university. In Study II, 27 students participated in a dog-assisted intervention (DAI) in which they were allowed to interact with a qualified dog for 15 min. To gain information about their well-being, blood pressure was measured and the Basler Befindlichkeitsskala had to be answered before and after the intervention. Results showed a positive attitude among German students toward dogs, AAIs, and the use of DAIs at their home university. Although an effect on physical well-being could not be found, results showed that a 15-min DAI can improve students’ psychological well-being. Thus, higher education administrators should consider using DAIs as a way to improve student well-being.
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Werle, Rodrigo, Mark L. Bernards, Loren J. Giesler, and John L. Lindquist. "Influence of Two Herbicides on Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Roots." Weed Technology 27, no. 1 (March 2013): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00094.1.
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Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most yield-limiting pathogen of soybean in the United States. Henbit is a prevalent winter annual weed species in no-till fields and is reported to be an alternative host of SCN. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate how the development of SCN on henbit roots was affected by herbicide mode of action and time of herbicide application. Henbit plants were grown in watertight pots placed in a water bath bench that kept soil temperature constant (27 ± 1 C) during the study. Ten d after transplanting, pots were inoculated with approximately 1,000 SCN eggs. At 7, 14, or 21 d after inoculation (DAI), henbit plants were sprayed with recommended dose of either glyphosate (870 g ae ha−1) or 2,4-D (1,070 g ae ha−1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications per treatment, and two experimental runs separated in time. At 28 DAI, the total number of SCN cysts and eggs, and plant shoot and root dry weight per pot were determined. Henbit root and shoot biomass increased as the time of herbicide application was delayed. Glyphosate reduced root biomass more than 2,4-D, but no differences in shoot biomass were detected. The number of SCN cysts per henbit plant and eggs per cyst increased as the herbicide application was delayed from 7 to 21 DAI. Glyphosate reduced the number of cysts found on henbit roots more than 2,4-D, especially at earlier application times. On plants treated with glyphosate, SCN-females produced only half the number of eggs of SCN-females on henbit plants treated with 2,4-D, regardless of time of application. These results indicate that early control of henbit plants, especially with glyphosate, can reduce SCN reproduction potential in SCN infested fields.
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Groves, Kelly M., Stuart L. Warren, and Ted E. Bilderback. "Irrigation Volume, Application, and Controlled-release Fertilizer II. Effect on Substrate Solution Nutrient Concentration and Water Efficiency in Containerized Plant Production." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 16, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-16.3.182.
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Abstract Rooted cuttings of Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid ‘Skogholm’ and seedlings of Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. ‘Goldsturm’ were potted into 3.8 liter (4 qt) containers in a pine bark:sand (8:1 by vol) substrate incorporated with 3.5 g (0.12 oz) N per container provided by one of the following five controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs): Meister 21N–3.5P–11.1K (21–7–14), Osmocote 24N–2.0P–5.6K (24–4–7), Scotts 23N–2.0P–6.4K (23–4–8), Sustane 5N–0.9P–3.3K (5–2–4) or Woodace 21N–3.0P–9.5K (21–6–12). Two hundred ml (0.3 in), 400 ml (0.6 in), 800 ml (1.1 in) or 1200 ml (1.7 in) of water was applied once daily (single) or in two equal applications with a 2 hr interval between applications (cyclic). Substrate solutions were collected from containers of cotoneaster 15, 32, 45, 60, 74, 90, 105, and 119 days after initiation (DAI). Irrigation efficiency [(water applied − water leached) ÷ water applied] was determined on the same days. Cyclic application improved irrigation efficiency at 800 ml (1.1 in) and 1200 ml (1.7 in) ≈ 27% compared to a single application. Irrigation efficiencies averaged over the season were 95%, 84%, 62%, and 48% for cotoneaster and 100%, 90%, 72%, and 51% for rudbeckia at 200 ml (0.3 in), 400 ml (0.6 in), 800 ml (1.1 in) and 1200 ml (1.7 in), respectively. NH4-N and NO3-N and PO4-P concentrations in substrate solution decreased with increasing irrigation volume regardless of CRF. Substrate NH4-N concentration decreased throughout the season with most CRFs below 5 mg/liter by 90 DAI. CRFs mainly affected substrate NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations when irrigated with 200 ml (0.3 in) or 400 ml (0.6 in). Substrate NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P solution concentrations were similar for all CRFs at irrigation volume of 1200 ml (1.7 in). Osmocote, Scotts, and Woodace maintained relatively constant substrate solution levels of PO4-P through 60 DAI. By 90 DAI, substrate PO4-P levels were similar regardless of irrigation volume or CRF. Substrate PO4-P concentrations were never in the recommended range of 5 to 10 mg/liter when irrigated with 800 ml (1.1 in) or 1200 ml (1.7 in) regardless of CRF. Solution pH remained in the recommended range of 5.0 to 6.0 for all irrigation volumes and CRFs throughout the entire study with the exception of Sustane.
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Dacosta-Aguayo, Rosalia, Glenn Wylie, John DeLuca, and Helen Genova. "Anatomical Covariance Analysis: Detection of Disrupted Correlation Network Related to Clinical Trait Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study." Behavioural Neurology 2020 (December 23, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5807496.
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Background. Fatigue is one of the most distressing symptoms among persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The experience of fatigue is inherently interoceptive, yet no study to date has explicitly investigated the insular cortex (IC) as a primary goal in the experience of fatigue in PwMS. In addition, it is unknown how brain regions such as IC play a role in state or trait fatigue. Objective. Assess the involvement of the IC in trait fatigue and state fatigue in PwMS with and without clinical fatigue. Methods. Trait and state fatigue, cognitive status, and structural MRI were assessed in 27 PwMS. PwMS were stratified into nonclinical fatigue (nF-MS, FSS ≤ 4.0 ) ( n = 10 ) and clinical fatigue (F-MS, FSS ≥ 5.0 ) ( n = 10 ). Voxel-based morphometry analysis (VBM) for the whole sample ( n = 20 ) and for the two groups was performed. Anatomical covariance analysis (ACA) analysis was conducted by selecting different volumes included in the corticostriatal network (CoStN) and analyzing interhemispheric correlations between those volumes to explore the state of the CoStN in both groups. Results. In the VBM analysis, when considering the whole sample of PwMS, higher levels of trait fatigue were negatively associated with grey matter (GM) volume in the left dorsal anterior insula (dAI) ( rho = − 0.647 ; p = 0.002 ; R 2 = 0.369 ). When comparing nF-MS versus F-MS, significant differences were found in the left dAI, where the F-MS group showed less GM volume in the left dAI. In the ACA analysis, the F-MS group showed fewer significant interhemispheric correlations in comparison with the Low-FSS group. Conclusions. The present results provide support to the interoceptive component of self-reported fatigue and suggest that changes in the relationship between the different anatomical regions involved in the CoStN are present even in nonclinical trait fatigue. Those changes might be responsible for the experience of trait fatigue in PwMS. Future studies with larger samples and multimodal MRI acquisitions should be considered to fully understand the changes in the CoStN and the specific role of the IC in trait fatigue.
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Meliciani, Valentina, and Maria Savona. "Economie di agglomerazione, legami a valle e specializzazione regionale nei servizi alle imprese nell'Unione Europea a 27." RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA E STATISTICA DEL TERRITORIO, no. 3 (October 2012): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rest2012-003005.
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Questo articolo cerca di spiegare la specializzazione settoriale nei servizi alle imprese (SI) all'interno delle regioni dei Paesi dell'Unione Europea a 27. Oltre alle fonti tradizionali delle economie di agglomerazione come le esternalitŕ di localizzazione e di urbanizzazione, vengono incluse anche la struttura regionale specifica dei legami a valle ŕ la Hirschmann e la densitŕ di capitale umano. In piů si tiene conto della presenza di tali fattori nelle regioni confinanti. L'analisi empirica si basa su dati panel estratti dal database REGIO per il periodo 1999-2003. I risultati della stima di un modello spaziale di Durbin mostrano che le economie di urbanizzazione e i legami a valle ŕ la Hirschmann - sia con il settore manifatturiero sia soprattutto con altri comparti del settore dei servizi - spiegano larga parte della specializzazione nei SI. La dotazione di capitale umano di una regione č un altro fattore determinante della concentrazione regionale dei SI. Le stime fatte evidenziano significativi effetti spaziali che influenzano la specializzazione regionale nei servizi alle imprese, il che supporta le tesi avanzate dalla letteratura sulle economie di agglomerazione e in particolare il ruolo giocato dai legami a valle ŕ la Hirschmann (con i settori del manifatturiero e dei servizi) per la localizzazione dei servizi alle imprese
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HAMIM, ZAHRUL ROMADLON, and DORLY. "Perkembangan Morfo-anatomi Bunga, Buah, dan Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L), Sebagai Tanaman Penghasil Biodisel." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 5, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.5.1.1-10.
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Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum), a non-edible producing plant, is a tropical plant traditionally used by local residents as firewood, building material and medicinal plants. The research aimed to study the development of flower and fruit as well as oil content of nyamplung seeds. Two adult trees (P1 and P2) with different provenance were used in experiment. Morphology of flower and fruit, and seed germination were observed from the field, while the microscopic anatomical observations and oil content analysis were carried out in the laboratory. The result showed that a single generative bud generally had 8-15 flowers. The flower was arranged in bunches, with 4 petals, 4 sepals, single pistil and 4 files of anthers surrounded the pistil. In some cases, the flowers had 5 sepals, or 3 sepals and 3 anthers files. Fruits were round, green and turned to harden with brownish color during maturation. Flower bud grown from bud was ready to blossom 27 days after initiation (DAI). There were up to 48.52% flower buds drop at 24 DAI, and they were still increase up to 64.5% flower drop during the whole of flower development. The observation also showed that fruit drop rate of P2 plant was higher than P1. After flower bloom for 3 or 4 days after anthesis, the flowers started to lose their parts. The fruits started to ripe 8-10 week after anthesis (WAA). Seeds from P2 tree had oil content of 51.79%, which was higher than the P1 tree (42.57%).
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Mejzner, Mirosław. "Ludzkie ciało i nieśmiertelność. Wybrane przykłady z argumentacji Metodego z Olimpu "O zmartwychwstaniu" (De resurrectione II 19-25)." Vox Patrum 52, no. 1 (June 15, 2008): 635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.8940.
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La dimostrazione dell'idoneita della came all'esistenza incorruttibile ed eterna costituisce uno dei cardini della difesa del dogma della risurrezione tradizionalmente inteso. L’obiettivo dell'articolo (II corpo umano e l’immortalita) e di presentare l’argomentazione svolta in favore di essa da Metodio di Olimpo nel De resurrectione II 19-25 (GCS 27, 371-382). L’autore rievoca alcuni esempi presi dal mondo della natura (botanico, zoologico, astronomico), dal campo artistico e dalia storia biblica non solo per ilłustrare la possibile longevita dei corpi nell'esistenza terrena, ma anche per provare che Dio, plasmatore del corpo, ha destinato l’uomo all'immortalita. Applicare il principio dell'onnipotenza divina alla risurrezione della carne non costituisce per Metodio una scappatoia insensata, ma un tentativo di assumere, entro i confini di una razionalita alimentata dai dati della fede cristiana, un elemento che, seppur comprensibile per la ragione, tuttavia la supera.
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Resende, Renata Sousa, Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues, Paulo Cezar Cavatte, Samuel Cordeiro Vitor Martins, Wiler Ribas Moreira, Agnaldo Rodrigues Melo Chaves, and Fábio Murilo DaMatta. "Leaf Gas Exchange and Oxidative Stress in Sorghum Plants Supplied with Silicon and Infected by Colletotrichum sublineolum." Phytopathology® 102, no. 9 (September 2012): 892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-12-0014-r.
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Considering the economic importance of anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, and silicon (Si) to enhance sorghum resistance against this disease, this study aimed to investigate the effect of this element on leaf gas exchange and also the antioxidative system when infected by C. sublineolum. Plants from sorghum line CMSXS142 (BR 009 [Tx623] – Texas), growing in hydroponic culture with (+Si, 2 mM) or without (–Si) Si, were inoculated with C. sublineolum. Disease severity was assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after inoculation (dai) and data were used to calculate the area under anthracnose progress curve (AUAPC). Further, the net carbon assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), internal-to-ambient CO2 concentration ratio (Ci/Ca), and transpiration rate (E); the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR); the electrolyte leakage (EL), and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. The AUAPC was reduced by 86% for the +Si plants compared with the –Si plants. The values of A, gs, and E were lower upon inoculation of –Si plants in contrast to inoculated +Si plants with decreases of 31 and 60% for A, 34 and 61% for gs, and 27 and 57% for E, respectively, at 4 and 8 dai. For the noninoculated plants, there was no significant difference between the –Si and +Si treatments for the values of A, gs, and E. The Ci/Ca ratio was similar between the –Si and +Si treatments, regardless of the pathogen inoculation. The activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR tended to be higher in the +Si plants compared with the –Si plants upon inoculation with C. sublineolum. The EL significantly increased for –Si plants compared with +Si plants. The MDA concentration significantly increased by 31 and 38% at 4 and 8 dai, respectively, for the –Si plants compared with the +Si plants. Based on these results, Si may have a positive effect on sorghum physiology when infected by C. sublineolum through the maintenance of carbon fixation and also by enhancing the antioxidant system, which resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen species scavenging and, ultimately, reduced damage to the cell membranes.
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Jutt, Irum Naz, Aamir Mehmood Bhut, Atiq Ur Rehman, and Waqar Memon. "DENTAL AESTHETIC;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 02 (February 14, 2017): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.02.506.
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Objectives: Psychosocial impact of dental aesthetic in patients visiting OPD ofLiaquat University Hospital Jamshoro. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Durationof Study: This study was conducted at Dental Section, Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro,from July 2013 to December 2014. Methodology: This study consisted of one hundred andeight cases were selected during this period from orthodontic clinic OPD. Principle investigatorreviewed the patients using structured questionnaire. Psychosocial Impact of Dental AestheticsQuestionnaire’ (PIDAQ) were analyzed to assess the dental aesthetics by using the DentalAesthetic Index (DAI).” Inclusion criteria were patient’s aged 25 years and having no previoushistory of orthodontic treatment. Those patients already on treatment, presence of craniofacialsyndromes or anomalies and “Patients with any mental or behavioral disorders that might havereduced their ability for self-determination were excluded. Malocclusion orthodontic treatmentrecommendations to the priorities assigned to four classes per grade. The first factor is theDental Self-Confidence that consists of 6 items from the Self-Confidence Scale. Results: Atotal of 108 patients, both males and females were included in the study. 69(63.88%) out of108 subjects were males and rest were females 39(36.11%) cases, male to female ratio 1:1.7.The minimum age was 25 years and maximum was 55years but most of the patients werein the range of 25 to 35 years means age was 27+4.7 years. In this study DAI scores wereobserved, grade-I in 53(49.07%), grade-II in 32(29.62 %), grade-III in 14(12.96 %) and grade-IVin 9(8.33 %). Conclusion: Patients who seek orthodontic treatment are anxious to improve theirappearance and approval of the social, more often associated with improved oral work or life.”
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Evrard, Olivier, Caroline Chartin, J. Patrick Laceby, Yuichi Onda, Yoshifumi Wakiyama, Atsushi Nakao, Olivier Cerdan, et al. "Radionuclide contamination in flood sediment deposits in the coastal rivers draining the main radioactive pollution plume of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan (2011–2020)." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 2555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2555-2021.
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Abstract. Artificial radionuclides including radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) and radiosilver (110mAg) were released into the environment following the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident in March 2011. These particle-bound substances deposited on soils of north-eastern Japan, located predominantly within a ∼3000 km2 radioactive fallout plume and drained by several coastal rivers to the Pacific Ocean. The current dataset (Evrard et al., 2021), which can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928594, compiles gamma-emitting artificial radionuclide activities measured in 782 sediment samples collected from 27 to 71 locations across catchments draining ∼6450 km2 during 16 fieldwork campaigns. These campaigns were conducted in Japan between November 2011 and November 2020 in river catchments draining the main radioactive plume. This database may be useful to evaluate and anticipate the post-accidental redistribution of radionuclides in the environment and for the spatial validation of models simulating the transfer of radiocesium across continental landscapes.
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Blanc, J. V., P. Nuss, F. Curt, and N. Bruno. "Adhésion et représentations des antidépresseurs chez des patients hospitalisés pour épisode dépressif majeur." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.019.
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IntroductionLa non-adhésion diminue largement l’efficacité des antidépresseurs [1,2], dont la représentation évolue dans un contexte particulièrement défiant et médiatiquement tendu.ObjectifL’objectif de cette étude est de :– évaluer l’adhésion aux antidépresseurs chez des patients hospitalisés pour épisode dépressif majeur ;– explorer les représentations que les patients ont des antidépresseurs et de la dépression, ainsi que la perception de la stigmatisation aux troubles mentaux ;– analyser la relation entre les attitudes face aux antidépresseurs et des paramètres sociodémographiques et cliniques.MéthodeL’adhérence était évaluée chez 40 patients en utilisant la version courte du Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10), complétée par un questionnaire mesurant les connaissances, craintes, impact des média et stigmatisation liés aux antidépresseurs. Des entretiens d’investigation étaient ensuite menés à l’aide de celui-ci.RésultatsL’âge moyen de l’échantillon est de 43 ans, dont 27 % d’homme. Il s’agit d’un premier épisode pour 40 % des patients. La médiane du DAI est de 3,5 (échelle de −10 à +10), et 30 % des patients ne sont pas adhérents. Les hommes de l’échantillon ont une plus mauvaise représentation des antidépresseurs (−2 VS 4 ; U de Mann-Whitney = 90,50 ; p = 0,0035). Soixante-dix pour cent des patients ont des craintes par rapport à leur antidépresseur (prise de poids et dépendance au premier rang). Vingt pour cent des patients n’ont pas dit à leur entourage qu’ils prenaient des médicaments contre la dépression.DiscussionUne intervention à de multiples niveaux pourrait augmenter les connaissances des patients ainsi que de l’opinion publique [3]. Une collaboration spécifique entre journalistes et psychiatres permettrait une meilleure connaissance et une diffusion plus représentative des enjeux de santé mentale dans les média [4]. Des actions de santé publique et initiatives citoyennes pourraient aussi être profitables aux patients.ConclusionL’adhérence aux antidépresseurs peut largement être améliorée, la stigmatisation restant une barrière aux traitements et à la prise en charge.
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Imbruglia, Girolamo. "Osservazioni conclusive." SOCIETÀ E STORIA, no. 134 (February 2012): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ss2011-134005.
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L'elemento che accomuna i saggi di Morales, Melai e Bianchini, presentati nel seminario La Compańía de Jesús y la cultura del siglo XVIII (Instituto Internacional Xavier María de Munibe di Azkoitia, 26-27 giugno 2009), č costituito dall'analisi dell'azione della Compagnia di Gesů nella seconda metÀ del XVIII secolo, prima e dopo la sua soppressione. Tale azione č colta in tre momenti significativi: la pratica missionaria nelle riduzioni del Paraguay descritta da una testimonianza coeva, le strategie educative accampate in Francia dagli ex-gesuiti e infine la difesa e l'apologia dell'attivitÀ evangelizzatrice in Sud-America. La discussione sulla Compagnia di Gesů fu uno dei motivi che accompagnň l'intera parabola dello sviluppo della cultura illuminista; la prospettiva proposta dai tre saggi privilegia l'epoca della dissoluzione della Compagnia, soprattutto in riferimento al suo ramo spagnolo. Quel dibattito affrontň, al di lÀ della polemica politica contingente, la questione piů generale della natura dello stato d'antico regime; i saggi qui discussi ci fanno sentire la voce del potere monarchico assoluto, che si fondava sul tradizionalismo, sul nesso e non sulla separazione di religione e politica.
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Ju Lee, Bong, Lyang Huh, and Hyun Ju Lee. "T211. COMPARISON OF REHOSPITALIZATION RATE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA CHANGED FROM PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE TO ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.771.
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Abstract Background Long-acting antipsychotic therapy (LAT) may help effectively manage individuals with schizophrenia by optimizing adherence, improving treatment response, reducing the risk of relapse, and improving long-term outcomes. LAT has an established role in the maintenance treatment of chronic, poorly adherent, and/or severely ill patients in later stages of schizophrenia. It is not yet known whether the positive effects of these LATs are merely on the control of symptoms and preventing relapse or on changes in insights and attitudes to medications, resulting in changes in disease course. Methods This retrospective, single-center study was conducted within the Department of Psychiatry at Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital. To investigate the efficacy of LAT on the disease course, we compared re-hospitalization rate, drug attitude inventory (DAI), and The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in individuals with schizophrenia who had treated with once-monthly paliperidone palmitate and then switched to oral antipsychotics. Results A total of 105 patients changed from oral drugs to LAI. Of these, 31 patients were later changed to oral medication. Of the total LAI patients, 32 patients received less than 5 months a week. Thirteen patients were hospitalized for 6 months before LAI change and 3 patients were re-hospitalized during the maintenance period after LAI change. Three patients who did not have hospitalized for 6 months after the change of oral medication but did not have hospitalized during LAI maintenance period were re-hospitalized after changing to oral medication. Of the 72 patients who maintained the LAI for more than 5 months, 28 patients experienced re-hospitalization during oral medication before LAI, 9 of whom were re-hospitalized during the LAI. All of them kept on LAI. Seven patients who changed to oral medication during maintenance were not hospitalized during the maintenance period, but three patients were hospitalized after changing to oral medication. Of the 92 patients who had never been hospitalized within 6 months before the change of LAI, 14 had re-hospitalized after changing to LAI. However, none of the 92 patients who had never been hospitalized changed to oral medication. Regardless of the length of time, 5 (about 16%) were re-hospitalized in 31 patients who changed from LAI to the oral medication again. Interestingly, the patients were not hospitalized during the LAI period. There were 27 dropouts. Twenty patients (19%) after LAI change and 7 patients (6%) after oral change. There was no statistical difference in DAI and PANSS scores after the change from LAI to oral medication. Discussion As previously known, the inhibition effect of relapse was evident during the LAI period. There was no change in adherence to medication, attitudes toward treatment, and degree of illness within 6 months. There were 27 dropouts. Twenty patients (19%) after LAI change and seven patients (6%) after oral change. It has been a long time since the onset, and 7 patients have moved to the hospital. Most of these seven patients were considered to be the case of compliance problems. Immediately after the change of oral medication, dropout occurred in 4 patients, and the duration of LAI in these patients was 2–5 months. The lack of statistical difference between DAI and PANSS after changing to oral drug in LAI can be attributed to the short interval of 6 months.
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Dietze, H., and I. Kriest. "<sup>137</sup>Cs off Fukushima Dai-ichi, Japan – model based estimates of dilution and fate." Ocean Science 8, no. 3 (June 5, 2012): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-8-319-2012.
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Abstract. In the aftermath of an earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011 radioactive 137Cs was discharged from a damaged nuclear power plant to the sea off Fukushima Dai-ichi, Japan. Here we explore its dilution and fate with a state-of-the-art global ocean general circulation model, which is eddy-resolving in the region of interest. We find apparent consistency between our simulated circulation, estimates of 137Cs discharged ranging from 0.94 p Bq (Japanese Government, 2011) to 3.5 ± 0.7 p Bq (Tsumune et al., 2012), and measurements by Japanese authorities and the power plant operator. In contrast, our simulations are apparently inconsistent with the high 27 ± 15 p Bq discharge estimate of Bailly du Bois et al. (2012). Expressed in terms of a diffusivity we diagnose, from our simulations, an initial dilution on the shelf of 60 to 100 m2 s−1. The cross-shelf diffusivity is at 500 ± 300 m2 s−1 significantly higher and variable in time as indicated by its uncertainty. Expressed as an effective residence time of surface water on the shelf, the latter estimate transfers to 43 ± 16 days. As regards the fate of 137Cs, our simulations suggest that activities up to 4 mBq l−1 prevail in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Interfrontal Zone one year after the accident. This allows for low but detectable 0.1 to 0.3 m Bq l−1 entering the North Pacific Intermediate Water before the 137Cs signal is flushed away. The latter estimates concern the direct release to the sea only.
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DHALIMI, AZMI. "PENGARUH DOSIS DAN AGIHAN PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale)." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 10, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v10n1.2004.21-27.
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<p>Penelitian lapangan telah dilaksanakan di Instalasi Penelitian Cikampek, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat sejak Juni 1997 sampai dengan Desember tahun 2000, yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis dan agihan pemupukan terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan jambu mete. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (1) Dosis pupuk NPK (1:1:2) yang terdiri atas 300, 600 ,900, dan 1200 g/tan/thn, dan (2) agihan pemupukan yang terdiri atas 50%:50%, 60%:40%, 70%:30% dan 100%. Pada tanaman berumur < 2 tahun, pupuk diberikan pada awal dan akhir musim pcnghujan, sedangkan pada umur > 2 tahun pupuk dibeikan pada awal musim bunga dan 2 bulan beikutnya. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang 2 kali dengan ukuran plot 4 tanaman/pcrlakuan. Perlakuan merupakan kombinasi dari dosis pupuk dan agihan sehingga terdapat 16 perlakuan. Sampai tanaman berumur 1 tahun 7 bulan dosis pupuk yang dibeikan adalah 1/6 dai dosis pcnuh, sedangkan dosis penuh baru dibeikan setelah tanaman berumur 2 tahun 7 bulan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada fase petumbuhan tanaman umur 7 bulan di lapangan belum terlihat pengaruh dosis pemupukan NPK dan agihannya terhadap petumbuhan vegetatif. Pengaruh baru terlihat setelah tanaman berumur 1 tahun 7 bulan di lapangan, dengan pembeian dosis pupuk 100 g/ tan/thn dengan agihan 100%. Selanjutnya setelah berumur 2 tahun 7 bulan digunakan dosis penuh, dengan hasil terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan 600 g NPK/tan/thn dengan agihan 50%: 50%. Memasuki umur 3 tahun 7 bulan tidak terlihat lagi pengaruh pemupukan NPK dan agihannya, kecuali terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman yang dipupuk 900 g NPK/phn/thn dengan agihan 70%:30%.<br /><br />Kata kunci:Anacardium occidentale, agihan, dosis, jambu mete, pupuk, pertumbuhan<br /><br />ABSTRACT Effect of dosage and split-portion on the growth of cashew plants (Anacardium occidentale) A ield tial was conducted in Cikampek Experimental Garden, Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, rom June 1997 to December 2000. The objective of the research was to ind out the best dosage of fertilizer and split-portion for cashew plant the growth. The treatment tested were (1) dosage of NPK (1:1:2), comprised of 300, 600, 900, and 1 200 g/plan/year, and (2) split-potion of fertilizer, consisted of 50%:50%, 60%:40%, 70%:30% and 100%:0%.On the plants less than two years old, the fertilizer was applied at the onset and at the end of rainy season, while on the plants more than two years old, the fetilizer was applied at the beginning of flowering season and two months aterwards. A randomized block design was used with 2 replicates and 4 planls/'treatment. The result showed that at the age of seven months, all the treatment were not significantly different on the vegetable growth of cashew. This indicated that for plants less than 1 year, the best dosage was 50 g NPK/plan/year, applied 50% at the onset and 50% at the end of rainy season. In the second year, 100 g NPK/plan/year showed the best treatment, applied 100% on the onset of rainy season. In the third year, 600 g NPK/plan/year, split 50% at the onset and 50% at the end of rainy season showed the best treatment on cashew growth. In the foth year, all the treatments were not signiicantly different on the growth of cashew except on the growth of plant height where the best treatment was 900 g NPK/plan/year, applied 70% at the onset and 30% at the end of rainy season.</p><p>Key words: Anacardium occidentale, cashew nut, dosage, fetilizer, growth, split-potion</p>
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Hu Xiaoqiong, Betsy. "Keep off the grass? No way!" English Today 32, no. 1 (December 18, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078415000498.
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China's rapid economic development has helped to raise the international status of Mandarin. One prediction is that ‘in ten years, Mandarin will be as important worldwide as English’ (Trudgill, 2014: 387). Another even greater change resulting from China's economic growth is the increasing popularity that English enjoys in China (Hu, 2004, 2005; Hu, 2009; Zhang, 2012; Werner, 2014). English is now used in a wide range of fields and contexts throughout the country. This is not surprising given the dominance of the English language on a global scale. English, now increasingly employed together with Chinese to combine global with local appeal, functions ‘as an index of modernity, progress, internationalism and globalization, a symbol of success, sophistication and projection into the future’ (Vettorel, 2013: 262). One indicator illustrating this phenomenon is the widespread use of public signs in both Chinese and English. Some authors argue that this use of bilingual signs has resulted in the creation of ‘an attractive linguistic landscape’ in China (Yang & Liu, 2008:79). Accordingly, research on bilingual public signs has, in recent years, become ‘a hot area in the translation field’ (Zou et al, 2011:27), attracting the attention of a growing number of scholars (e.g. Dai & Lü, 2005; Song, 2013; Chen, 2014).
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Thulung, Suraj, and Nikunj Yogi. "Role of magnetic resonance imaging in prediction of outcome in traumatic diffuse axonal injury: A single-centre observational study." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v18i3.39184.
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Introduction: Incidence of diffuse axonal injury has been estimated at 40-50% of hospitalizations. Recently, much interest has been directed towards the potential of newer imaging sequences of magnetic resonance imaging to investigate diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and to prognosticate the outcome. In this study, we correlated the magnetic resonance imaging grades of diffuse axonal injury with clinical outcome in terms of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).
Methods and Materials: A hospital based observational study was carried out at Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu in 69 patients of diffuse axonal injury between November 2017 to November 2018. Data was collected on patient and trauma characteristics, as well as neurological assessment and MRI findings. Outcome was assessed as favourable and unfavourable GOS for various MRI grades of diffuse axonal injury.
Results: There were 21.74%, 42.03% and 36.23% of cases with grade I, II and III diffuse axonal injury respectively. There were 0 (0%), 2 (11.8%) and 15 (88.2%) cases of MRI grade I, II and III diffuse axonal injury in favourable GOS group and 15 (28.8%), 27 (51.9%) and 10 (19.2%) cases of MRI grade I, II and III diffuse axonal injury in unfavourable GOS group (p=0.00).
Conclusion: This study showed that there was a significantly higher chance of unfavourable outcome with increasing MRI grades of diffuse axonal injury.
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Zabłocki, Jan. "Leges de plebiscitis." Prawo Kanoniczne 35, no. 1-2 (June 5, 1992): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1992.35.1-2.13.
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Nella definizione data da Capitone (Gell. 10. 20. 2) si legge che per lex deve intendersi una delibera di carattere generale votata da popolo о plebe su proposta della magistratura. L’efficacia vincolante dei plebisciti, in quanto votati dai soli plebei senza il concorso dei patrizi, veniva tuttavia messa in dubbio (G. 1. 3). Varie fonti (Plin. Nat. hist. 16. 10. 37; Gell. 15. 27. 4; D. 1. 2. 2. 8; Inst. 1. 2. 4) sostengono che i plebisciti siano stati equiparati alle leggi soltanto con l’emanazione della legge Hortensia. Il racconto di Livio informa tuttavia che l’efficacia dei plebisciti era già stata regolamentata in due leggi anteriori: in primo luogo nella lex de plebiscitis (Liv. 3.54-55), votata sotto il consolato di L. Valerio e. M. Orazio, che avrebbe equiparato alle leggi i plebisciti che erano stati votati subito dopo la secessione della plebe; e in secondo luogo nella lex de plebiscitis (Liv. 8. 12. 14-16), votata su proposta del dittatore Publio Filone, che avrebbe riconosciuto vincolante per tutto il popolo qualsiasi plebiscito cui fosse concessa l’auctoritas patrum. Ma in breve una successiva lex Publilia Philonis statui che l’auctoritas patrum avrebbe dovuto concedersi preventivamente; e per qualche tempo non fu chiaro se tale disposizione riguardasse anche i plebisciti. Il problema fu definitivamente risolto dalla lex Hortensia, emanata nel periodo della dittatura di Ortensio.
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Jouen, E., I. Robène-Soustrade, L. Gagnevin, O. Pruvost, and S. Benimadhu. "First Report in Mauritius of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Syngonium Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. syngonii." Plant Disease 92, no. 6 (June 2008): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-6-0980a.
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In November of 2006, necrotic leaf lesions with water-soaked margins were observed on Syngonium podophyllum in Floréal, Forest Side, and Réduit, Mauritius. Although not an economically important crop, the disease was of concern because syngonium is a host for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae and the anthurium industry is of major economic importance in Mauritius. X. campestris pv. syngonii, described as the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of syngonium (2), is genetically closely related to group 9.4 X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains (3). In contrast to X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, X. campestris pv. syngonii strains are highly virulent on syngonium but are not pathogenic on anthurium or other Araceae, but both react similarly to the Xcd108 monoclonal antibody (Mab) (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) and to a nested PCR assay designed for X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (4). X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae and X. campestris pv. syngonii strains can be distinguished on the basis of restriction analysis of the amplicon of this PCR assay. Four pure cultures isolated from S. podophyllum were gram negative, yellow pigmented, and produced mucoid colonies on yeast peptone glucose agar (YPGA). One positive control strain of X. campestris pv. syngonii (LMG 9055 from the United States) and X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (LMG 695 from Brazil) were also used for all tests. All strains reacted positively with the Xcd108 MAb using indirect ELISA. DNA from all strains was amplified by the nested PCR assay, and the HincII restriction pattern of the amplicons identified strains from Mauritius as X. campestris pv. syngonii. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 8-month-old plants of Anthurium andreanum cv. Florida, Dieffenbachia maculata cv. Tropic Marianne, and S. podophyllum cv. Robusta by infiltrating suspensions containing ~1 × 105 CFU ml¯1 of each strain prepared from YPGA plates. Each strain was inoculated onto three young leaves (four inoculation sites per leaf) on two plants. Negative control plants received sterile Tris buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.2). Plants were maintained in a growth chamber with day and night temperatures at 30 ± 1°C and 26 ± 1°C, respectively, 95 ± 5% relative humidity, 30 μmol·m¯2·s¯1 light intensity, and a photoperiod of 12 h (4). All strains caused typical water-soaked lesions 14 days after inoculation (dai) on syngonium. Lesions turned necrotic with chlorotic margins 27 to 34 dai. Typical bacterial blight lesions were observed on anthurium leaves inoculated with X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strain LMG 695, but no symptoms were observed 60 dai when strains from Mauritius and LMG 9055 were used. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of four strains from Mauritius and additional reference, X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae and X. campestris pv. syngonii strains, using SacI/MspI and four primer pairs (unlabeled MspI+1 [A, C, T, or G] primers and 5′-labeled-SacI+C primer for the selective amplification step) (1), showed that the strains from Mauritius could be distinguished from X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae but were identical to X. campestris pv. syngonii strains from the United States and Réunion Island. References: (1) N. Ah-You et al. Phytopathology 97:1568, 2007. (2) R. S. Dickey and C. H. Zumoff. Phytopathology 77:1257, 1987. (3) J. L. W. Rademaker et al. Phytopathology 95:1098, 2005. (4) I. Robene-Soustrade et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:1072, 2006.
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Supriyono, Supriyono, and Titiek Yulianti. "Tingkat Ketahanan 70 aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kenaf terhadap Fusarium oxysporum Schletch; Assessment of Kenaf Germplasm Against Fusarium oxysporum Schletch." Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri 8, no. 2 (January 9, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/btsm.v8n2.2016.65-73.
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<p>Salah satu penyakit penting yang sangat merugikan tanaman kenaf adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> Schlecht. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi tingkat ketahanan aksesi kenaf terhadap jamur <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Malang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap) yang diulang tiga kali. Dalam evaluasi ini digunakan 70 aksesi dan 1 aksesi tahan (BG-52-135) yang digunakan sebagai kontrol. Inokulasi dilakukan pada 7 hari setelah tanam (HST) menggunakan suspensi spora dengan kerapatan10<sup>5</sup>/ml sebanyak 100 ml setiap bak. Pengamatan intensitas serangan dilakukan mulai 10–40 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI) dengan interval pengamatan lima hari. Pengamatan persentase diskolorisasi batang dilakukan sekali pada 50 HSI. Hasil pengujian memperoleh 1 aksesi (FJ/017) sangat tahan dengan intensitas serangan terrendah (0,83%) dan 14 aksesi tahan dengan intensitas serangan <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><</span>10%, 28 aksesi dengan ketahanan moderat, dan 27 aksesi yang rentan terhadap infeksi <em>F. oxysporum</em>. Aksesisi FJ/017 (aksesi yang sangat tahan) dan 14 aksesi yang tahan: 1064(SUC/012), 1061(SRB/082), 1035(FJ/005), 839(PARC/2709), 955(FJ/003), 842(PARC/2712), 1095(SUC/003), 838(PARC/2708), 957(FJ/ 007), 1065(SUC/023), 1042(CHN/056), 145(BL/118), 1036(FJ/006), dan 778(PARC/2466) dapat digunakan sebagai sumber ketahanan pada perakitan varietas baru.</p><p> </p><p>One of the important disease that very detrimental to kenaf is Fusarium wilt caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> Schlecht. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of 70 kenaf germplasm<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">s</span> accessions against <em>F</em><em>.</em><em> oxysporum</em>. The study was conducted at the Phytopatology Laboratory and screen house of Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute, Malang using completely randomized design with three replicates. Seventy accessions and one resistant accession as control (1267 (BG-52-135) were used in this study. Inoculation of <em>Fusarium</em> was done 7 days after sowing (das) by sprinkling 100 ml of spore suspension into the soil. Observation of disease intensity started at 10–40 days after inoculation (dai) and repeated every five days. Percentage of stalk discolorization was estimated at 50 dai. The results showed that accession 1040 (FJ/017) had the lowest disease intensity (0.83%), hence was categorized as a highly resitant accession. Fourteen accessions were categorized as resistant with disease intensity below or equal to 10%; 28 accessions were moderate resistant; and 27 accessions were susceptible. FJ/017 (the highset resistant accession) and 14 resis-tant accessions (1064(SUC/012), 1061(SRB/082), 1035(FJ/005), 839(PARC/2709), 955(FJ/003), 842(PARC/ 2712), 1095(SUC/003), 838PARC/2708), 957(FJ/007), 1065(SUC/023), 1042(CHN/056), 145(BL/118), 1036 (FJ/006), dan 778(PARC/2466)) could be used as resistant genetic sources in developing new varieties.</p>
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Haq, Farhan, Caragh Behan, Nicola McGlade, Una Mulkerrin, Eadbhard O'Callaghan, Anthony Kinsella, Aiden Corvin, Gary Donohoe, and Michael Gill. "Factors that influence patients' attitudes to antipsychotic medication." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 26, no. 1 (March 2009): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700000045.
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AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes to medication in relation to insight, purpose in life, symptoms and sociodemographic factors among a cohort of stable patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.Method: We included 70 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder attending a Dublin suburban mental health service. All participants were 18 years or older and were excluded if they had a learning disability, acquired brain injury resulting in unconsciousness, and psychosis secondary to a general medical condition or illicit substance misuse. All participants were given self report questionnaires which included Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-30), Birchwood Insight Scale, and Purpose in Life test. Symptoms were assessed using the Scale for Assessment of Positive and Negative symptoms. All data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.Results: We found that 86% (n = 60) of the participants had positive attitudes to medication, and 82% (n = 58) had good insight into their illness. Only 27% (n = 19) were found to have a definite purpose in life. There was a significant negative relationship between attitudes to medication and delusions (r = -0.25, n = 70, p < 0.05) and a significant positive relationship between insight and attitudes to medication (r = 0.0.28, n = 70, p < 0.05).Conclusion: Many factors are involved in the multifaceted issue of attitudes to medication. Researchers must realise that these factors do not remain constant and may change with time and over the course of illness and treatment.
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Anzej Doma, Sasa, Matjaz Sever, Uros Mlakar, Luka Cemazar, Matevz Skerget, and Samo Zver. "Improved Survival of Patients with AML By Addition of Cladribine to Standard DA3+7 Induction Chemotherapy (DAC) - Single Center Experience at University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119043.
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Abstract Background: Polish Adult Leukemia group demonstrated that addition of cladribine to standard daunorubicin + cytarabine (DAC) induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) increases remission rate and prolongs overall survival. The approach was subsequently included in NCCN guidelines. At University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia we started using DAC induction regimen in May 2014 for all patients up to 60 years of age, eligible for intensive chemotherapy. We compared the outcome of patients treated with DA3+7 (in use from January 2012 until April 2014) with the outcome of patients treated with DAC in the period from May 2014 to December 2017. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all consecutive patients diagnosed with AML between January 2012 and December 2017, aged 60 or less, who were eligible for intensive chemotherapy according to ECOG performance status, echocardiography and spirometry results. Exclusion criteria were severe organ impairment and acute promyelocytic leukaemia. The induction regimen in the period January 2012 -April 2014 consisted of daunorubicin 60 mg/m2 on days 1,3 and 5 and continuous infusion of cytarabine 200 mg/m2 from day 1 to 7 (DA3+7) while in the period May 2014 - December 2017 cladribine 5 mg/m2 in a 3-hour infusion on days 1 through 5 was added to DA3+7. Consolidation treatment was the same for both groups and consisted of 2 or 3 courses of cytarabine. Eligible patients with unfavorable characteristics (monosomal /complex kariotype, FLT3 ITD or KMT2A rearrangements, therapy-related AML) proceeded to alogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Patients who did not achieve remission after induction chemotherapy received rescue chemotherapy and also proceeded to alogenic BMT. The efficacy of induction treatment was assessed by bone marrow aspiration in the aplasia between days 7 and 10 after the last day of induction chemotherapy, and before the first consolidation therapy. Results: 50 patients with AML (27 women, 23 men) were treated with DA3+7. 58 patients (31 women, 27 men) were treated with DAC. There were no significant differences in the median age of the patients in both groups (54,4 years in the DA group vs 54,5 years in the DAC group; p=0,853). There were also no significant differences in the proportion of patients with unfavorable cytogenetics or therapy-related AML (50% in the DA group vs 51,7% in the DAC group; p= 0,858). Remission after induction chemotherapy was achieved in a significantly higher proportion of patients in the DAC group (47/58= 81,0%) compared to the DA group (30/50 =60%; p=0,016). Survival was significantly higher in the DAC group compared to the DA group (p=0,034) with a median survival of 18 months in the DA group, while in the DAC group the median survival was not reached. No diferences in toxicity between the DA and DAC regimen were observed. Conclusions: We confirmed results from other research groups by demonstrating improved remisssion induction rate and improved overall survival of AML patients aged 60 years or less treated with DAC induction compared to the standard DA3+7 induction chemotherapy. For evaluating the long-term overall survival further follow up is needed. Figure. Figure. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Takayama, M., M. Moriyoshi, O. Dochi, and K. Imai. "136 IMPACT OF SELECTION SYSTEM BY KINETICS ON THE EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN BOVINE OVUM PICKUP-IVF EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab136.
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Recently, in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos have been increasingly produced using ovum pickup (OPU) and IVF in cows worldwide. However, the conception rate of IVP embryos is lower than that of in vivo-derived embryos. This study was conducted to determine the proportion of embryos that led to a high conception rate when the embryos were selected according to the 4 predicting factors. A total of 30 Holstein and 20 Japanese Black cows were used, and 81 OPU-IVF sessions were performed from October 2014 to May 2016. The collected cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were cultured for 22 h. Capacitated sperm (at a final concentration of 5 × 106 spermatozoa/mL) were incubated with COC for 6 h. After insemination, presumptive zygotes were separated from cumulus cells and sperm by pipetting. Then, the presumptive zygotes were cultured for 9 days in CR1aa supplemented with 5% calf serum by using a micro-well culture dish (Dai Nippon Printing, Tokyo, Japan). The kinetics of embryo development was observed at 27, 31, and 55 h post-insemination (hpi). The 4 factors used to select embryos were as follows: (1) time at which first cleavage occurred (less than 27 hpi, or less than 31 hpi, in case any of the zygotes did not cleave at 27 hpi in each culture dish); (2) 2 blastomeres after first cleavage at 31 hpi; (3) absence of fragments after first cleavage at 31 hpi; and (4) 8 or more blastomeres at 55 hpi. The number of blastocysts was analysed at 7, 8, and 9 days post IVF. Additionally, the number of produced embryos that could be used for embryo transfer (ET) was determined. The data were analysed using the chi-square test. The total numbers of blastocysts and produced embryos were 615 and 503, respectively. The numbers of blastocysts and produced embryos selected using the combination of factors 1 to 4 were 200 (32.5%) and 169 (27.5%), respectively. The numbers of blastocysts and produced embryos selected using factor 1 were 397 (64.6%) and 340 (67.6%), using factor 2 were 445 (71.3%) and 378 (75.1%), using factor 3 were 364 (81.8%) and 307 (81.2%), and using factor 4 were 374 (60.8%) and 308 (61.2%), respectively. The numbers of blastocysts and produced embryos that were rejected using a combination of factors 1 to 4 were 123 (27.5%) and 90 (17.9%), respectively. The conception rate of fresh embryo transfer was 46.6% (n = 73). We found that the conception rate of the embryos selected using factors 1 to 4 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of embryos without one factor or more [60.0% (n = 35) v. 29.4% (n = 34)]. These results show the applicability and efficiency of the 4 factors for producing embryos with a high competence for conception.
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Dai, Y. C., and K. Korhonen. "First Report of Heterobasidion parviporum (S Group of H. annosum sensu lato) on Tsuga spp. in Asia." Plant Disease 87, no. 8 (August 2003): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.8.1007b.
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Members of the Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. complex are among the most important pathogens in coniferous forests of Europe and North America. Three intersterile groups (P, S, and F) have been found in this complex from Europe (1) and were recently segregated into three species based on intersterility, host preferences, and morphology (4). In a survey of wood-rotting fungi in China in 2002, Heterobasidion spp. were found on Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) Pritz and T. dumosa (D. Don) Eichl. in natural forests from the northern Sichuan Province of southwestern China (32°43′ to 33°11′ N, 103°50′ to 103°53′ E.). Basidiocarps of the fungus were relatively common on decayed wood in roots of dead trees, stumps, and fallen trunks. We collected four basidiocarps (Dai 4045, 4051, 4214, and 4224 in the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IFP) from three stands of mixed coniferous forests and made 40 homokaryotic, single-basidiospore cultures (02046, 02047, 02050, and 02051 in the Finnish Forest Research Institute). Two homokaryons from each basidiocarp were paired with homokaryotic tester strains of European H. annosum (P group), H. parviporum Niemelä & Korhonen (S group), and H. abietinum Niemelä & Korhonen (F group). The pairings showed that the progeny from the four basidiocarps are H. parviporum. The Chinese isolates did not form clamp connections with H. annosum sensu stricto, and a strong demarcation line developed in all these pairings. In contrast, the Chinese isolates formed clamp connections in almost every pairing with European H. parviporum, the clamp connections developed in both sides of the pairings, and no distinct demarcation line was present in most of these pairings. The Chinese homokaryons were also compatible with European H. abietinum, but in most of these pairings, clamp connections were found in the isolate from China but not in the European tester, and a demarcation line was present in most of the pairings. In contrast to H. annosum sensu stricto, the Chinese basidiocarps had smaller pores (4.5 to 6 per mm versus 3 to 4.5 per mm), and a thin tomentum on the pileal surface in contrast to the basidiocarps of H. abietinum. Previously, H. parviporum was found in Asia on coniferous hosts such as Abies, Larix, Picea and Pinus spp. (2). The North American S group of H. annosum sensu lato attacks species of Tsuga spp. in western North America (3), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of H. parviporum on native species of Tsuga spp. outside North America. References: (1) P. Capretti et al. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 20:231, 1990. (2) Y. C. Dai and K. Korhonen. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 29:273, 1999. (3) G. M. Filip and D. J. Morrison. North America. Pages 405–427 in: Heterobasidion annosum. Biology, Ecology, Impact and Control. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1998. (4) T. Niemelä and K. Korhonen. Taxonomy of the genus Heterobasidion. Pages 27–33 in: Heterobasidion annosum. Biology, Ecology, Impact and Control. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1998.
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Sani, Giacomo, and Paolo Segatti. "PROGRAMMI, MEDIA E OPINIONE PUBBLICA." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 26, no. 3 (December 1996): 459–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048840200024485.
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Dall'inaugurazione del governo Berlusconi (maggio 1994) al giuramento della compagine guidata da Prodi intercorrono solo ventiquattro mesi. Ma sono due anni caratterizzati da una densa e convulsa vicenda politica nel corso della quale si verificano tutta una serie di episodi di rilievo. Tra i più salienti spiccano: la rottura dell'alleanza di centro-destra nata alla vigilia del 27 marzo 1994 (il cosiddetto «ribaltone»); il ricorso ad un governo «tecnico» che doveva costituire una soluzione provvisoria ma finisce col durare più del previsto; la nuova spaccatura che si produce nella maggior formazione di centro (il Ppi) nella primavera del 1995 e che porta alla nascita del Cdu e fa quindi salire a tre gli eredi della vecchia Dc; una ulteriore modifica delle regole del gioco con l'adozione di un nuovo sistema per le elezioni dei consigli regionali; e, infine, lo svolgimento di ben tre consultazioni elettorali a carattere nazionale (le elezioni per il Parlamento europeo 1994, le elezioni regionali ed amministrative dell'aprile 1995, la tornata referendaria del giugno dello stesso anno).Gli avvenimenti del biennio segnalano le evidenti difficoltà di un processo di transizione per il quale non si riesce a trovare una via di uscita. Dopo la fase di destrutturazione del periodo 1992-1993, con le elezioni del 1994 il sistema dei partiti pareva avviato ad assumere una configurazione di tipo (quasi) bipolare, accompagnata da una significativa riduzione del grado di frammentazione. Ma la dinamica della vita politica nei mesi successivi alla formazione del governo Berlusconi smentiva entrambe le ipotesi. Essa dimostrava, in primo luogo, che la doppia e anomala alleanza risultata vincente il 27 marzo era solo un precario cartello elettorale destinato a dissolversi nel breve periodo. In secondo luogo, risultava evidente che nonostante la prevalenza della quota maggioritaria e la clausola di sbarramento, il nuovo meccanismo elettorale non era riuscito ad incidere in maniera significativa sul numero delle formazioni politiche presenti nell'arena parlamentare e nel paese. Infine, che si trattasse di un bi-polarismo assai imperfetto risultava chiaro dal fatto che, caduto il governo di centro-destra per la defezione della Lega, risultava impraticabile la formazione di una maggioranza alternativa. In sostanza, le nuove regole e gli assetti usciti dalla consultazione e dai successivi rimescolamenti degli schieramenti e dell'offerta elettorale non avevano prodotto né un governo destinato a durare, né una opposizione pienamente in grado di sostituirlo.
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Sterpellone, Luciano. "Ludwig Van Beethoven: La Musica Del Silenzio." Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 25, no. 4 (January 14, 2014): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2013.1073.
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Nell'estate del 1797 all'età di 27 anni e periodo che coincide con gli inizi dei disturbi uditivi, il musicista contrae una infezione, un tifo addominale dal quale non si riprenderà più completamente, con reiterati disturbi gastrointestinali negli anni a venire. Solo nel ottobre 1802 Beethoven ammette la propria sordità, accompagnata da acufeni, una patologia che avrebbe interessato prima l'orecchio sinistro, poi quello destro, e che sarà progressiva, sino alla sordità completa. Le cure cui verrà sottoposto saranno le più diverse, ma verosimilmente tutte inutili, Beethoven sarà un paziente sui generis, che fa di testa propria, ignorando le prescrizioni dei medici, bevendo molto vino e molto caffè, e non rispettando i dosaggi dei medicinali. Poco risolvono anche i cornetti acustici, applicati a lungo solo all'orecchio sinistro, perché, il destro è già completamente sordo. Viceversa per aumentare l'intensità dei suoni si serve di uno strumento ingombrante, una specie di coperchio di legno che mentre suona interpone tra sé e il pianoforte come cassa di risonanza. Nel 1822, alla prova generale del Fidelio non sente assolutamente nulla di ciò che si canta sulla scena. Nel maggio 1824, al termine di un concerto, una cantante deve prenderlo per le spalle e voltarlo verso il pubblico perché, si renda conto che lo stanno applaudendo freneticamente. Nel 1825 compaiono i segni dell'interessamento epatico con una ematemesi che origina verosimilmente da varice esofagee. Nel 1826 le condizioni generali peggiorano compaiono coliche addominali, diarrea, ittero, e l'asche richiede numerose paracentesi con aspirazione sino a 14 litri. Il 27 marzo del 1827 Ludwig van Beethoven muore, e due giorni dopo ventimila persone seguiranno il feretro; tra i presenti Franz Schubert, ignaro che appena un anno dopo riposerà vicino a Beethoven. Sulla sordità di Beethoven non si è giunti a conclusioni definitive. Otosclérosi, un'affezione dell'orecchio interno, una degenerazione del nervo acustico, una forma post-infettiva come nel tifo addominale, una improbabile degenerazione di origine luetica, un morbo di Paget. Dai reperti autoptici appare molto probabile che la morte del musicista possa essere addebitata ad una malattia epatica, dato che all'esame autoptico questo organo risulta molto più piccolo del normale e molto poco elastico; inoltre ambedue i reni appaiono infiltrati da un liquido marrone e opaco e i calici renali appaiono calcificati. È forse “merito” della sordità se Beethoven ha così interiorizzato la sua vis creativa da vedere aumentata la propria percezione della rappresentazione corticale dei suoni.
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Sheikh, Naheed Humayun. "Contraceptive and Abortion-Related Practices Among Females of Lower Income Group in District Lahore." Proceedings of Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex Lahore 35, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47489/p000s351z7781-7mc.
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Introduction: Reproductive age females in Pakistan are still having poor access to adequate contraceptive information and difficulty in decision making, resulting in abortions many times. Aims & Objectives: To identify contraceptive and abortion-related practice among married reproductive age females of lower income group in District Lahore. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted in 30 union councils (UCs) of District Lahore, Pakistan in 2011-2016. Material & Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 210 married females of reproductive age in 30 UCs of District Lahore. 30 UCs were randomly selected out of 150 followed by random selection of one village/ward which was considered as a cluster and 7 females were recruited through convenience sampling in each cluster. Data was collected on contraceptive use, preferences, decision making and abortion-related practice and their associations with socio-demographics of these females. Results: The survey was carried out among 210 females with mean age 29 ± 5.28. 97.6% were Muslims, 23.3% were illiterate and 96.2% were housewives. Per capita per month income was ? PKR 3000 in 99 % of the respondents. 20% females used contraception. 39% women were delivered by untrained birth attendants, 95.7% females breast fed and amongst them only 15.7% fed for two years. 33(15.7%) of respondents had 48 abortions and amongst them 27% got it done by a Dai while female neighbors did it in 4.2% cases so a total of 31.2 % abortions were conducted at home. Place of abortion and delivery was decided by husbands in 87.4% respondents. Lower age and age at marriage were found to be associated with higher contraceptive use and abortions (P<0.001). Conclusion: Contraceptive use is very low and abortion-related practices are poor. Respondent’s age and age at marriage are the determinants showing significant association with contraceptive use and abortion.
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Takayama, M., O. Dochi, and K. Imai. "164 EFFECTS OF KINETICS AND MORPHOLOGY ON EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN BOVINE OPU-IVF EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab164.
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In recent years, the use of ovum pick up (OPU) and IVF for embryo production has increased worldwide; however, the conception rate of embryo transfer is lower for OPU-IVF embryos than for in vivo-derived embryos. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of embryo selection by a 3-step observation method by using a micro-well culture dish (Dai Nippon Printing, Tokyo, Japan). In this study, 9 Holstein and 15 Japanese Black cows were used, and the OPU-IVF was conducted from October 2014 to May 2015. The collected cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were cultured for 22 h in 25 mM HEPES-buffered TCM-199 supplemented with 5% calf serum (CS) and 0.02 AU mL–1 of FSH. Sperm (at a final concentration of 5 × 106 spermatozoa mL–1) were incubated with COC for 6 h. After insemination, presumptive zygotes were separated from cumulus cells and sperm by pipetting. Then, the presumptive zygotes were cultured for 9 days in CR1aa supplemented with 5% CS by using a micro-well culture dish. Kinetics and morphology were observed at 27, 31, and 55 h post-insemination (hpi). The presumptive zygotes were divided to 3 groups (more than 2 cells, 2 cells, and no cleavage) at 27 and 31 hpi. Then, embryos at the 2-cell stage at 31 hpi were divided into 2 groups: 2-cell with normal cleavage and 2-cell embryos with abnormal cleavage (unequal cleavage, 2-cell with fragments, and 2-cell with protrusion). Subsequently, embryos were classified as 8-cell and more than 8 cell, or less than 8 cell at 55 hpi. The blastocyst rate (BL%) was analysed at 7, 8, and 9 days post IVF. Embryos selected by the 3-step observation method were used for fresh embryo transfer. The data were analysed by chi-squared test. In total, 856 oocytes were collected by OPU and 633 oocytes were cultured, of which 39.7% (263/663) developed to the blastocyst stage. The BL% of 2-cell embryos (72.5%, 116/160) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of no cleavage (47.0%, 117/249) at 27 hpi. The BL% of 2-cell (65.4%, 206/315) and more than 2-cell (53.0%, 35/66) was significantly higher (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) than that of embryos divided as no cleavage (25.9%, 22/85) at 31 hpi. The BL% was not significantly different between 2-cell with normal cleavage (68.5%, 172/251) and abnormal cleavage (53.1%, 34/64). The BL% of 8-cell and more than 8-cell stage (72.8%, 182/250) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of embryos with less than 8 cells (38.8%, 81/209) at 55 hpi. Overall, 2-cell embryos at 27 hpi, 2-cell embryos with normal cleavage at 31 hpi, and 8-cell and more than 8 cell at 55 hpi showed the highest BL% (82.1%, 78/91). The conception rate was higher for following the selected fresh embryo transfer that was 70.6% (12/17) than average of in vitro fertilization embryos transfer that was 40.0%. These results demonstrate that the 3-step observation method used in this study can be effectively applied for the selection of IVF embryos that have a strong ability to develop into blastocysts and high competence for conception.
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Muzammil, K., JV Singh, and R. Shankar. "Verbal autopsy of neonatal deaths in Khatauli Block of District Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 4, no. 5 (December 31, 2014): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i5.12019.
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BackgroundVerbal autopsy is a method of inquiry to ascertain the likely cause of death in populations where vital registration of deaths is incomplete and unreliable. Over 75% of deaths in India occur at homes; more than half of these do not have a certified cause. Further, most of the deaths in the rural areas of India occur at home and that is why a medical certification by a qualified practitioner is not possible. Keeping these facts in mind, this study was designed having objectives as to find out the causes of neonatal deaths through verbal autopsy and its feasibility to be used by health workers.Material & Methods:This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in randomly selected rural areas of Khatauli Block of District Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. Verbal autopsy data was collected by a team of health workers adequately trained for the same well in advance. Data related to reported neonatal deaths in the study area in the specified period of time was collected on structured & pre-tested questionnaire used as study tool by interviewing the parents, relatives or neighbours of the deceased. Data thus collected was verified twice by the coordinator and principal investigator respectively and analyzed by using Epi info statistical package.Results:A total of 24 perinatal deaths were reported, out of which 7 (29.2%) were stillbirth and 17 (70.8%) were neonatal deaths. ANC was received by 14 mothers (58.3%). Half of the deliveries were conducted by untrained Dai. About 20 deliveries (83.3%) were at home and 10 (58.8%) of the deceased were early neonates. The cause of deaths found by means of verbal autopsies were mainly: pneumonia - 4 (23.5%), diarrhoea - 2 (11.8%) neonatal jaundice - 03 (17.6%) etc.Conclusion:Pneumonia, diarrhoea & neonatal jaundice alone constitute about 53% of the total neonatal deaths. The use of the verbal autopsy tool by health workers to find out the cause of neonatal deaths is very much feasible.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i5.12019 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014; 4(5):423-27
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Hamza, A. A., I. Robène-Soustrade, C. Boyer, A. Laurent, E. Jouen, E. Wicker, P. Prior, O. Pruvost, and M. Dottin. "A New Type of Strain of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Causing Bacterial Spot of Tomato and Pepper in Grenada." Plant Disease 94, no. 10 (October 2010): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-10-0397.
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Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper (BSTP) can be caused by several Xanthomonas genospecies (2). BSTP is a major disease in Grenada where A and B phenotypic groups (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and X. vesicatoria, respectively, [2]) have been reported (3). There is no previous report of group A strains, which are strongly amylolytic and pectolytic, in Grenada. In March 2007, tomato and pepper leaves with lesions typical of BSTP were collected in Saint David and Saint Andrew parishes of Grenada. Bacterial isolations were performed on KC semiselective agar medium (4), resulting in isolation of five yellow-pigmented, Xanthomonas-like strains. Three strains isolated from tomato or pepper in Saint David were negative for starch hydrolysis and pectate degradation, two tests that were found useful for strain identification in the 1990s (2). Two strains isolated from pepper in Saint David were strongly amylolytic and degraded pectate. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) assays targeting atpD, dnaK, efp, and gyrB were performed on the five strains from Grenada together with a type strain of each of X. euvesicatoria, X. perforans, X. gardneri, and X. vesicatoria as well as other reference strains of X. euvesicatoria and X. perforans as described previously (1). All strains from Grenada were identified as X. euvesicatoria regardless of the typing technique. On the basis of AFLP assays, the two strains with phenotypic features not reported in Grenada were closely related (distances of ≤0.002 nucleotide substitutions per site [1]) to a group of strains from India (ICMP 3381, LMG 907, LMG 908, and LMG 918). These two strains were also identical to the Indian strains based on MLSA, but differed from the X. euvesicatoria type strain by at least one nucleotide substitution in all loci examined. The three strains from Grenada that were negative for starch hydrolysis and pectate degradation had sequences identical to that of the type strain. Young leaves of tomato plants of cv. Marmande and pepper plants of cvs. Yolo Wonder and Aiguille were infiltrated (six inoculation sites per leaf, three replicate plants per cultivar per experiment, and the experiment was replicated once) using inoculum of each of the five strains from Grenada made from suspensions in Tris buffer containing approximately 1 × 105 CFU/ml. Two reference strains of X. euvesicatoria (NCPPB 2968 and LMG 922) were also inoculated as positive control treatments. Negative control treatments consisted of leaves infiltrated with sterile Tris buffer. Typical water-soaked lesions that developed into necrotic spots were observed 3 to 8 days after inoculation (dai) for all strains on all cultivars, except NCPPB 2968, which was not pathogenic on pepper cv. Aiguille. Xanthomonas population sizes from lesions plated onto KC agar medium (4) 25 dai ranged from 3 × 106 to 5 × 107, 8 × 107 to 2 × 108, and 9 × 106 to 2 × 108 CFU/lesion on tomato cv. Marmande and pepper cvs. Yolo Wonder and Aiguille, respectively. The epidemiological importance of this previously unreported group of X. euvesicatoria strains in Grenada needs to be assessed. References: (1) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (2) J. B. Jones et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 27:755, 2004. (3) L. W. O'Garro. Plant Dis. 82:864, 1998. (4) O. Pruvost et al. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:803, 2005.
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Rodriguez-Salamanca, L. M., T. B. Enzenbacher, J. M. Byrne, C. Feng, J. C. Correll, and M. K. Hausbeck. "First Report of Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato Causing Leaf Curling and Petiole Anthracnose on Celery (Apium graveolens) in Michigan." Plant Disease 96, no. 9 (September 2012): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-12-0456-pdn.
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In September 2010, celery plants with leaf cupping and petiole twisting were observed in commercial production fields located in Barry, Kent, Newago, and Van Buren Counties in Michigan. Long, elliptical lesions were observed on petioles but signs (mycelia, conidia, or acervuli) were not readily observed. Celery petioles were incubated in humid chambers (acrylic boxes with wet paper towels). After 24 h, conidia corresponding to the genus Colletotrichum were observed. Isolations were performed by excising pieces of celery tissue from the lesion margin and placing them on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 30 ppm of rifampicin and 100 ppm of ampicillin. Plates were incubated at 21 ± 2°C under fluorescent light for 5 days. Fungal colony morphology was gray with salmon-colored masses of spores when viewed from above, and carmine when viewed from below. Isolates were single-spored and placed on 30% glycerol in –20°C, and cryoconservation media (20% glycerol, 0.04% yeast extract, 0.1% malt extract, 0.04% glucose, 0.02% K2HPO4) at –80°C. Conidia were 8.5 to 12.0 × 2.8 to 4.0 μm and straight fusiform in shape. Three isolates were confirmed as C. acutatum sensu lato based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA and the 1-kb intron of the glutamine synthase gene (3), both with 100% similarity with Glomerella acutata sequences. Sequences were submitted to GenBank (Accession Nos. JQ951599 and JQ951600 for ITS and GS, respectively). Additionally, C. acutatum specific primer CaIntg was used in combination with the primer ITS4 on 54 isolates from symptomatic celery plants, obtaining the expected 490-pb fragment (1). Koch's postulates were completed by inoculating 4-week-old celery seedlings of cultivars Sabroso, Green Bay, and Dutchess using three plants per cultivar. Prior to inoculation, seedlings were incubated for 16 h in high relative humidity (≥95%) by enclosing the plants in humid chambers. Seven-day-old C. acutatum s. l. colonies were used to prepare the inoculum. Seedlings were spray-inoculated with a C. acutatum s. l. conidial suspension of 1 × 106 conidia/ml in double-distilled water plus Tween 0.01%. Two control seedlings per cultivar were sprayed with sterile, double-distilled water plus 0.01% Tween. Plants were enclosed in bags for 96 h post inoculation and incubated in a greenhouse at 27°C by day/20°C by night with a 16-h photoperiod. Leaf curling was observed on all inoculated plants of the three cultivars 4 days after inoculation (DAI). Petiole lesions were observed 14 to 21 DAI. Conidia were observed in lesions after incubation in high humidity at 21 ± 2°C for 24 to 72 h. Symptomatic tissue was excised and cultured onto PDA and resulted in C. acutatum colonies. Control plants remained symptomless. C. acutatum (4) and C. orbiculare (2) were reported to cause celery leaf curl in Australia in 1966 (2,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. acutatum s. l. infecting celery in Michigan. References: (1) A. E. Brown et al. Phytopathology 86:523, 1996. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., USDA-ARS. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , 10 September 2010. (3) J. C. Guerber et al. Mycologia 95:872, 2003. (4) D. G. Wright and J. B. Heaton. Austral. Plant Pathol. 20:155, 1991.
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ZAUBIN, ROBBER, and RUDI SURYADI. "PENGARUH TOPPING, JUMLAH DAUN, DAN WAKTU PENYAMBUNGAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PENYAMBUNGAN JAMBU MENTE DI LAPANGAN." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.55-60.
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<p>Rendahnya produktivitas perkebunan jambu mente di Indonesia, yaitu rata-rata hanya 350 kg gclondongha, disebabkan antara lain karena pohon- pohonnya berasal dari bibit (seedling) yang mutunya kurang baik. Untuk meningkatkan potensi produksinya, pertanaman jambu mente yang ada sebaiknya disambung dengan batang atas (entres) unggul.Teknik penyam- bungan dirumah atap sudah tersedia dengan hasil 90% - 95% sambungan hidup, sedangkan untuk penyambungan di lapangan baru dilakukan dengan metode sambung samping dengan keberhasilan 40%. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan di Instalasi Penelitian Cikampek mulai Januari 2000 sampai dengan Januai 2001, dengan tujuan untuk menguji perlakuan topping, jumlah daun batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan yang terbaik untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan penyambungan jambu mente di lapangan Rancangannya adalah petak tcrpisah dengan 2 ulangan dan 32 sambungan/ perlakuan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (1) lopping (pembuangan pucuk batang bawah), sebagai petak utama, terdii atas (al) tanpa topping, dan (a2) topping; (2) jumlah daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan, sebagai anak petak, terdiri atas : (bl) 2 daun, disambungpukul 08.00-11.00, (b2) 2 daun, disambung pukul 1 1.00-13 00, (b3) 2 daun, disambung pukul 13.00-15.00, (M) 4 daun, disambung pukul 08.00-11.00, (b5) 4 daun, disambung pukul 11.00-13.00, (b6) 4 daun, disambung, pukul 13.00-15.00. Topping dilakukan 7 hai sebelum penyambungan. Sebagai batang bawah digunakan tunas-tunas yang tumbuh dai pangkal batang mente jenis Pecangaan yang ditebang pada tinggi I m. Batang atas diambil dai pohon unggul jenis Balakrisnan-02. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah sambungan yang hidup, pertumbuhan tunas, dan jumlah daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi yang nyata dari perlakuan terhadap semua parameter. Interaksi terbaik diperoleh pada topping dengan 4 helai daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan pukul 08.00 - 11.00, dengan jumlah sambungan hidup, pertumbuhan tunas dan jumlah daun tetinggi, masing-masing 86.36% ; 27 cm ; dan 14 daun, sedangkan hasil terendah ditunjukkan oleh interaksi tanpa topping dengan 2 helai daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan pukul 1 3 00-15.00, dengan 10% sambungan hidup, petumbuhan tunas 12 cm, dan 5 helai daun.</p><p>Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, topping, teknik penyambungan, produktivitas</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Effect of topping, number of leaves and time of grafting on the success of cashew grafting at ield conditions</strong></p><p>The low productivity of cashew plantation in Indonesia, average 350 kg pods/ha, is among others caused by low quality of the cashew plants developed from seedlings. To increase the productivity, the existing trees should be grated with scions taken from high yielding vaieties. The grating technique of cashew at lath-house conditions is available with a success of 90-95%, however, grating technique for ield conditions using (he side grat succeded only 40%. The experiment was conducted at Cikampek Research Installation - Balittro, from January 2000 to January 2001, lo studs the efect of topping, number of leaves on rootstock, and the lime of grating on the success of cashew grating at ield conditions. The design was a split plot, with 2 replicates and 32 grats/treatment. The treatments were (1) topping of the rootstock, as the main plot, consisted of (al) without topping, (a2) topping, and (2) number of leaves on the rootstock and period of grating, as the subplot, consisted of (bl) 2 leaves at the rootstock/grated at 8.00 - 1 1.00, (b2) 2 leaves at the rootstock/graded at 11.00-13.00, (b3) 2 leaves al the rootstock/gratcd at 13.00-15.00, (b4) 4 leaves at the rootstock/gratcd at 08.00- 11.00, (b5) 4 leaves at the rootstock/grafted at 11.00-13.00, (b6) 4 leaves at the rootstock/gratcd at 13.00-15.00. Topping was conducted 7 days before grating Shoots grown from the trunk of the Pecangaan type, coppiced at I m height, were used as the rootstock Scions were taken from high yielding vaiety Balakisnan 02 type. Parameters assessed were number of 'lakes" and growth of scion, consisted of length of scion and number of leaves. Results of the expeiment showed that there were significant interaction of the treatments on all of the parameters. The best interaction was shown by topping with 4 leaves at the rootstock and grated at 8.00-11.00 which resulted in a 86.3% of "takes", 27 cm length of scion with 14 leaves, while the lowest results were shown by without topping with 2 leaves at the rootstock and grated at 13.00- 15.00 with 10% of "takes". 12 cm lengOi of scion with 5 leaves.</p><p>Key words Anacardium occidentale L., grafting technique, topping, productivity</p>
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Hasan, ANM Saiful, Barun Kanti Biswas, Alok Kumar Saha, Lakshman Chandra Kundu, Mohammad Zahirul Islam Khan, MA Rashid, Mst Naznin Sarker, Tahmina Akter, and Shahnaz Akter. "Outcome of Very Low Birth Weight Neonates in a Tertiary Level Hospital Outside Capital of Bangladesh: A Study in Faridpur Medical College Hospital." Faridpur Medical College Journal 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v11i1.30873.
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Very low birth weight (VLBW) is an important cause of infant mortality and still a challenge for achieving Millennium Development Goal (MDG) in Bangladesh. Our study was to see the risk factors and its outcome of VLBW neonates in a tertiary level Faridpur Medical College Hospital (FMCH), outside capital Dhaka. This prospective cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal Unit of pediatric department in FMCH. All neonates who were admitted here had been selected and we find out the very low birth weight neonates for our study purpose. All anthropometric measurements were taken by us in our department. We took all the informations about neonates within our study period of six months (November 2013 to April 2014) through a prescribed protocol. Total 1126 neonates admitted within our study period of 6 months. Among 1126 neonates 76 of them were VLBW. Among 76 VLBW neonates 38 (50%) were male and 38 (50%) were female, but 22 of them were expired, which was 28.94% of total VLBW neonates. Most expired on month of March which was 38.46%. Among expired VLBW neonates 10 (45.45%) of them were male and 12 (54.55%) of them were female. Total 48 (63.15%) mothers of VLBW neonates delivered at hospital of them Caesarean section occurs in 40 (52.63%) mothers of VLBW neonates and normal vaginal delivery (NVD) occurs in 36 cases (47.37%). Home delivery occurs in mothers of 28 VLBW neonates. Among them 15 (53.57%) were done by traditional birth attendance (TBA), 8 (28.57%) by local dai and 5 (17.86%) by relatives of the family of VLBW neonates. We found mothers of 41 (53.95%) VLBW neonates had premature rupture of membrane (PROM), 8 (10.53%) had eclampsia, 4 (5.26%) had leaking membrane and 4 (5.26%) had history of accident. Maternal age of VLBW neonates are more common between 18 to 24 years of age that was 53.95% (41 in number) but 27 mothers (35.52%) were below 18 years of age . We found in our study that the survival rate of VLBW neonates in our institute is not like developed countries but it is better than many developing countries around the world.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2016;11(1): 15-19
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Charette, M. A., C. F. Breier, P. B. Henderson, S. M. Pike, I. I. Rypina, S. R. Jayne, and K. O. Buesseler. "Radium-based estimates of cesium isotope transport and total direct ocean discharges from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident." Biogeosciences 10, no. 3 (March 28, 2013): 2159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2159-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Radium has four naturally occurring isotopes that have proven useful in constraining water mass source, age, and mixing rates in the coastal and open ocean. In this study, we used radium isotopes to determine the fate and flux of runoff-derived cesium from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP). During a June 2011 cruise, the highest cesium (Cs) concentrations were found along the eastern shelf of northern Japan, from Fukushima south, to the edge of the Kuroshio Current, and in an eddy ~ 130 km from the FNPP site. Locations with the highest cesium also had some of the highest radium activities, suggesting much of the direct ocean discharges of Cs remained in the coastal zone 2–3 months after the accident. We used a short-lived Ra isotope (223Ra, t1/2 = 11.4 d) to derive an average water mass age (Tr) in the coastal zone of 32 days. To ground-truth the Ra age model, we conducted a direct, station-by-station comparison of water mass ages with a numerical oceanographic model and found them to be in excellent agreement (model avg. Tr = 27 days). From these independent Tr values and the inventory of Cs within the water column at the time of our cruise, we were able to calculate an offshore 134Cs flux of 3.9–4.6 × 1013 Bq d−1. Radium-228 (t1/2 = 5.75 yr) was used to derive a vertical eddy diffusivity (Kz) of 0.7 m2 d−1 (0.1 cm2 s−1); from this Kz and 134Cs inventory, we estimated a 134Cs flux across the pycnocline of 1.8 × 104 Bq d−1 for the same time period. On average, our results show that horizontal mixing loss of Cs from the coastal zone was ~ 109 greater than vertical exchange below the surface mixed layer. Finally, a mixing/dilution model that utilized our Ra-based and oceanographic model water mass ages produced a direct ocean discharge of 134Cs from the FNPP of 11–16 PBq at the time of the peak release in early April 2011. Our results can be used to calculate discharge of other water-soluble radionuclides that were released to the ocean directly from the Fukushima NPP.