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Law, Mary, Sandy Steinwender, and Leanne Leclair. "Occupation, Health and Well-Being." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 65, no. 2 (1998): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841749806500204.
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Occupational therapists believe that there is a relationship between occupation, health and well-being but there is little evidence in the occupational therapy literature to support this belief. This paper describes the results of a critical review of research examining the relationship between occupation and health and well-being. Twenty-two studies from the health and social sciences literature were reviewed using specific methodological review criteria. The findings of these studies provide moderate to strong evidence that occupation has an important influence on health and well-being. Because most of this research has been completed with persons without disabilities, further research is required to explain the nature of the relationship between occupation and health and well-being for persons who experience a disability which affects their daily occupations
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Kaunnil, Anuchart, Supalak Khemthong, Sarinya Sriphetcharawut, et al. "Occupational therapists’ experiences and perspectives towards occupation-based practice in Thailand: A mixed-methods study." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 84, no. 1 (2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022620910402.
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Introduction Occupation-based practice is a core tenet of occupational therapy. This study explores perspectives and experiences with occupation-based practice among Thai occupational therapists. Method Using mixed methods, a focus group was conducted with eight occupational therapists, and the results were interpreted using thematic analysis. A questionnaire survey was also completed concerning practitioner perspectives ( n = 216). Findings Three major themes were identified: (a) perspectives on occupation-based practice were related to practice areas and felt to strengthen the identity of occupational therapy (52% strongly agree), leading to improved services and better outcomes for clients (44% strongly agree); (b) approaches focused on activities of daily living were appropriate for cross-practice areas; and (c) occupation-based practice is consistent with integrated medical sciences and occupations for clients (52% strongly agree). Conclusion Implementing occupation-based practice will be of value to clients, provide benefits as a compass to direct processes, and enhance clinical reasoning and outcomes.
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Murdock, Carolyn, Wendy Cousins, and W. George Kernohan. "“Running Water Won't Freeze”: How people with advanced Parkinson's disease experience occupation." Palliative and Supportive Care 13, no. 5 (2014): 1363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951514001357.
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AbstractObjective:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition often resulting in significant disability and impacting on one's ability to participate in an occupation. The present study aimed to explore how people with advanced Parkinson's disease experience the phenomenon of occupation in their daily lives in order to inform the practice of occupational therapy in palliative care.Method:Using a phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of 10 people in the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. These interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and subsequently analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach. The study received approval from the relevant university ethics committee, as well as the research network of Parkinson's UK.Results:The experience of occupation emerged as being physical, psychological, social, and spiritual with related subthemes. Within each of these themes, participants described their experience of occupation that they valued and that were important to their daily lives. They also identified the strategies they employed to continue participating in certain occupations and described others they were no longer able to engage in and the impact of that loss.Significance of Results:Participants' experiences crossed the domains of palliative care and suggest that adopting a palliative care approach would enhance an enhanced quality of life, experienced in terms of meaningful and valuable occupation. Disruption to participation in occupation caused them distress and frustration, suggesting that access to occupation-focused therapy would significantly improve quality of life for people with PD. As there is a strong link between the ethos of occupational therapy and palliative care, it is proposed that there is a valuable role for occupational therapy intervention to play within palliative care.
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Öhman, Annika, and Louise Nygård. "Meanings and Motives for Engagement in Self-Chosen Daily Life Occupations among Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 25, no. 3 (2005): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944920502500302.
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The aim of this study was to uncover and describe the meanings and motives for engagement in self-chosen daily life occupations for elderly individuals with Alzheimer's disease dwelling in the community. Six participants with Alzheimer's disease were included. Data were collected through repeated interviews and observations focusing on their motives for their self-chosen occupational engagement and the significance of the daily occupations. The analysis used a qualitative comparative and interpretative method. The findings show that the participants' occupations supported their ordinary pattern of everyday life and provided them with an opportunity to be in a coherent context. The occupations also allowed them to experience and communicate autonomy and certain characteristics of their identity and provided them with a private sphere. The findings revealed certain crucial but double-edged environmental keys to occupation. By identifying and supporting everyday occupations with personal meaning and value, therapists and caregivers may contribute to the well-being of individuals with Alzheimer's disease living in their own homes.
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Widmark, Elin, and Sofi Fristedt. "Occupation according to adolescents: Daily occupations categorized based on adolescents’ experiences." Journal of Occupational Science 26, no. 4 (2018): 470–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2018.1546609.
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Pulakka, Anna, Tuija Leskinen, Annemarie Koster, Jaana Pentti, Jussi Vahtera, and Sari Stenholm. "Daily physical activity patterns among aging workers: the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA)." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 1 (2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105266.
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ObjectivesPhysical activity is associated with the aging workers' ability to work and predicts working beyond retirement age. To better understand physical activity behaviour in this growing population group, we aimed at characterising 24-hour physical activity patterns among aging workers, and to describe the association between occupational category and total, occupational and leisure-time physical activities.MethodsWe included 878 workers (mean age 62.4 years, SD 1.1, 85% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study, who wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for 1 week. We plotted mean hourly activity counts per minute (CPM) for working days and days off. We also compared mean daily CPM between genders and occupations between working days and days off, and work and leisure time by using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsActivity patterns were different between genders, occupations and types of the day. Women (2580, 95% CI 2540 to 2620) had higher daily mean CPM than men (2110, 95% CI 2020 to 2000). Women in manual occupations were more active than women in non-manual occupations during working days. The differences among men were in the same direction but less pronounced than among women. We found no differences in activity levels between occupations during days off and leisure time on working days.ConclusionsIn aging workers, physical activity differs by gender and occupation during working time, but not during leisure time. As low physical activity is associated with increased risk of early exit from employment, physical activity should be promoted at workplaces, especially among men and people in non-manual occupations.
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Ohno, Kanta, Kounosuke Tomori, Takashi Takebayashi, et al. "Development of a tool to facilitate real life activity retraining in hand and arm therapy." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 80, no. 5 (2017): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022617692602.
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Introduction Successful recovery of upper extremity function after stroke is more likely when the affected limb is used regularly in daily life. We developed an iPad (Apple) application called the ‘Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice for Hand’ to facilitate daily upper extremity use. This study examined the suitability of items and pictures in the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice for Hand, and tested a paper prototype of the application (which has since been produced). Method We used a Delphi method with 10 expert occupational therapists to refine the items in the aid. Next, we prepared pictures of items in the aid and confirmed their suitability by testing them with 10 patients (seven stroke, three cervical spondylotic myelopathy). Nine occupational therapists conducted field tests with a paper prototype of the aid in clinical practice to examine its utility. Results After four Delphi rounds, we selected 130 items representing activities of daily living, organized into 16 categories. Of 130 pictures, 128 were recognizable to patients as representing the intended activities. Based on testing of the paper prototype, we found the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice for Hand process was suitable for clinical practice, and could be organized into six steps. Conclusion The Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice for Hand process may promote daily upper extremity use. This application, since developed, now needs to be clinically tested in its digital form.
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Hadden, Letitia, Aisling O’Riordan, and Jeanne Jackson. "Shining a light on the daily occupational experiences of lesbian and gay adults’ in Ireland: applying an occupational justice lens." Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy 48, no. 2 (2020): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijot-12-2019-0017.
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Purpose Equality of rights for individuals who identify as being lesbian or gay (LG) have emerged over recent years, and significant advancements have been made in recognition and support of LG rights in Ireland. Given the recent change in legal rights for the LG population, Civil Partnership 2010 and Marriage Equality 2015, this paper aims to explore the lived experience of daily occupations of LG adult’s in Ireland today, by applying an occupational justice lens. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative phenomenological research study, examined the concept of occupational justice as experienced by eight adults, who identified as being LG. Data was collected through face to face, semi-structured interviews. Findings Four themes capturing the complexity of each participant’s experience of daily occupations and occupational justice emerged, namely, transitions and personal journeys, celebrating differences, empowerment through occupation and inner conflict. Findings demonstrate how occupational justice is experienced as a complex, contextually embedded and dynamic process specific to each individual. Originality/value Future research in this area should aim to explore the experiences of both a younger and older LG population, along with those who identify as bisexual, transgender, queer or intersex to continue to raise awareness of the potential for occupational injustice within this minority population.
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Clarke, Cathy. "Can Occupational Therapy Address the Occupational Implications of Hoarding?" Occupational Therapy International 2019 (March 4, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5347403.
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Hoarding is often described as a medical disorder, defined by a persistent difficulty in discarding possessions and associated high levels of emotional distress when forced to part with these. This article will discuss how having a different view of hoarding, seeing hoarding as a daily occupation which provides value, purpose, and meaning and with a relationship to self-identity and life purpose, could offer alternate interventions to support an individual who hoards. The article will consider the components of hoarding activity and how these relate to health and wellbeing and doing, being, belonging, and becoming as understood by occupational therapists. The article will consider what occupational therapy, a profession which considers a person’s daily occupations, the things that occupy their time and which give meaning to their existence, could offer as an alternative to current hoarding interventions. Proposals for occupational therapy interventions will be suggested which would support occupational choice, support engagement in activities which have more positive outcomes on a person’s health, and seek to address barriers which limit engagement and occupational performance in activities within the person’s home environment.
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Kantartzis, Sarah, and Matthew Molineux. "Collective occupation in public spaces and the construction of the social fabric." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 84, no. 3 (2017): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417417701936.
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Background. Contemporary research is expanding understandings of occupation beyond that of the individual’s doing, including the shared and social nature of occupation. The concept of collective occupation has been introduced to capture this broader understanding. Purpose. This study aimed to explicate the concept of occupation in a Greek town. Method. Ethnographic methodology was used and primary data were collected through observation, participation, and informal interviews. Analysis involved a hermeneutic process to develop a narrative of occupation in the town, including action, setting, and plots. Findings. Occupation, a dynamic and multidimensional process, served to maintain the self, family, and social fabric and balance between and within them. Collective occupation maintained the social fabric through three forms: informal daily encounters in public spaces, organization and associations, and celebration and commemoration. Implications. Occupational therapists may consider engaging with the potential power of such collective occupation when working toward social change to enable just and inclusive societies.
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Vidaña-Moya, Laura, Mona Eklund, Jose Antonio Merchán-Baeza, Paula Peral-Gómez, Inmaculada Zango-Martín, and Jenny Hultqvist. "Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validation and Reliability of the Spanish Satisfaction with Daily Occupations-Occupational Balance (SDO-OB): An Evaluation Tool for People with Mental Disorders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (2020): 8906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238906.
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Occupation can be defined as all activities that occupy a person’s time. The Satisfaction with Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance instrument evaluates the perceived satisfaction with performance and the balance in time dedicated to different occupations. The main aim was to translate the original instrument to Spanish and examine and establish the psychometric properties. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted in two stages: translation and cultural adaptation (forward translation, expert panel, back-translation, second expert panel and pre-testing and cognitive interviewing) and collecting data to evaluate psychometric properties (homogeneity, construct validity, known-groups validity, and floor/ceiling effects). One hundred participants took part in the study, adults with a diagnosis of a mental health disorder and adults without any known health problems. The Spanish version showed known-groups validity, acceptable internal consistency, and construct validity, although the relationships with some of the indicators of discriminant validity were somewhat higher than expected. The instrument shows promise as a useful screening tool for assessing activity level and satisfaction with daily occupations among a Spanish speaking population.
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Harutyunyan, Zaruhi, Annika Öhman, and Mandana Fallahpour. "Lived Experience Of Participation In Daily Occupations Among Older People Living In Social House In Armenia." Armenian Journal of Special Education 1, no. 1 (2020): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/se.2020.1.1.162.
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The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the lived experience of participation in daily occupations of older people living on Social House in Armenia
 A total of eight participants (1 male, 7 female) who lived in social house in Yerevan, Armenia were in-depth interviewed in this study. The Empirical Phenomenological Perspective method (Karlsson,1993) was applied for analysing the interviews to explore the meaning structure of participation in daily occupations in social house as expressed by participants' lived experiences.
 Findings has identified three main characteristics of participation in daily occupations of eight older people living in Social House: Change in place – change in life; being dependent as doer – not free in making choices; Lack of environmental possibilities in daily living.
 The findings of the study highlighted older people's personal perceptions of current living place and importance of supportive environmental conditions which facilitate or challenge their participation in daily occupations. Subjective perception of the current place of living and experienced changes in daily occupation were identified among older people living in social house, which limited their possibilities to choose and maintain autonomy in daily occupations and in their social participation.
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Brooks, Laura, Kim-Huong Ngan Ta, Anne F. Townsend, and Catherine L. Backman. "“I just love it”: Avid knitters describe health and well-being through occupation." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 86, no. 2 (2019): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417419831401.
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Background. Examining craft-based occupations is necessary to explicate the relationship between occupation and well-being. Purpose. This study aimed to understand the role of knitting in the lives of passionate knitters and their experience of how knitting contributes to health, well-being, and occupational identity. Method. Principles of phenomenology guided interviews with 21 knitting-guild members (with and without health conditions) and observations at seven guild meetings as well as guided the data analysis. Eight interviewees and 24 additional guild members confirmed key findings in writing. Findings. Five main themes capture how knitting (a) “makes me happy,” (b) is “the mental challenge I need,” (c) is “a hobby that joins” through social connections and skill development, (d) sustains identity such that “I can’t imagine life without knitting,” and (e) is a creative outlet “reflecting my personality.” Implications. This in-depth description of how knitters experience their craft in daily life bolsters the philosophical assumption that favoured occupations have the power to promote health and well-being.
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Fayard, Anne-Laure, Ileana Stigliani, and Beth A. Bechky. "How Nascent Occupations Construct a Mandate: The Case of Service Designers’ Ethos." Administrative Science Quarterly 62, no. 2 (2016): 270–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839216665805.
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In this paper, we study the way that nascent occupations constructing an occupational mandate invoke not only skills and expertise or a new technology to distinguish themselves from other occupations, but also their values. We studied service design, an emerging occupation whose practitioners aim to understand customers and help organizations develop new or improved services and customer experiences, translate those into feasible solutions, and implement them. Practitioners enacted their values in their daily work activities through a set of material practices, such as shadowing customers or front-line staff, conducting interviews in the service context, or creating “journey maps” of a service user’s experience. The role of values in the construction of an occupational mandate is particularly salient for occupations such as service design, which cannot solely rely on skills and technical expertise as sources of differentiation. We show how service designers differentiated themselves from other competing occupations by highlighting how their values make their work practices unique. Both values and work practices, what service designers call their ethos, were essential to enable service designers to define the proper conduct and modes of thinking characteristic of their occupational mandate.
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Erlandsson, Lena-Karin. "Coaching for learning – supporting health through self-occupation-analysis and revision of daily occupations." World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin 65, no. 1 (2012): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/otb.2012.65.1.009.
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Tomori, Kounosuke, Hirofumi Nagayama, Kanta Ohno, et al. "Comparison of occupation-based and impairment-based occupational therapy for subacute stroke: a randomized controlled feasibility study." Clinical Rehabilitation 29, no. 8 (2014): 752–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215514555876.
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Objective:To compare occupation-based and impairment-based approaches in occupational therapy and determine the feasibility of patient recruitment and retention.Design:A multicenter, randomized, controlled pilot trial with a single blind assessor.Setting:Ten subacute rehabilitation units in Japan.Participants:Fifty-four patients with subacute stroke.Interventions:The experimental group used the iPad application, Aid for Decision-making in Occupation Choice, to establish occupation-based goals, and evaluation and intervention were conducted mainly through real occupations. The control group was evaluated according to patients’ generic abilities and activities of daily living (ADL), and the intervention mainly involved the impairment-based approach.Main outcome measures:Short Form-36, Functional Independence Measure, Brunnstrom recovery stages, The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, and length of hospital stay.Results:Of the 1465 potential participants, 54 (3%) subacute stroke patients were enrolled over 16 months and 68% ( n = 36) were retained to the 2-month assessment: experimental group ( n = 16); control group ( n = 21). Although there was no significant intergroup difference for any outcomes, the experimental group had a small effect size advantage on the Short Form-36 “General health” ( d = 0.42) and “Role emotional” ( d = 0.43) subscales relative to the control group. A sample of 118 subacute stroke patients per group would be required for a lager study.Conclusions:Results suggest that the occupation-based approach has more potential to improve “General health” and “Role emotional” scores on the Short Form-36 than the impairment-based approach. Further investigation of study protocol with interventions and recruiting is needed prior to a larger trial.
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Dyck, Isabel. "The Daily Routines of Mothers with Young Children: Using a Socio-Political Model in Research." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 12, no. 1 (1992): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944929201200102.
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This paper addresses the occupational behavior of mothers of young children, focusing on the relationships between the environment, the women's mothering role, and their daily routines. In this study, the use of qualitative methods and a socio-political perspective revealed the meanings the women's mothering role has for them, and the ways in which its content and enactment are shaped within a wider context of social and economic relationships. This paper discusses the implications the study findings have on developing the concept of role in occupational therapy models of practice, and their contribution to developing a science of occupation.
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Metcalfe, Valerie, Mary Egan, and Katrine Sauvé-Schenk. "LSVT BIG in late stroke rehabilitation: A single-case experimental design study." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 86, no. 2 (2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417419832951.
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Background. Late stroke rehabilitation interventions often target impairment with limited carryover to daily occupation. Purpose. This study explored whether the LSVT BIG program could lead to improved performance in client-identified occupations and decreased impairment late poststroke. Method. A single-case experimental design with one repetition was completed. Participants were two adults who had experienced a stroke 3 and 12 years previously. Each participant selected up to six occupational goals, and the intervention was applied to half. Repeated measures were taken using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Rating of Everyday Arm-Use in the Community and Home. Additional measures of performance and impairment were applied pre- and postintervention. Findings. Performance improved on either self-assessment or blinded-rater assessment for all but one activity (trained or untrained). Implications. LSVT BIG is a promising intervention to improve occupational performance. Further research is required to clarify elements of the program essential to improving occupational performance.
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Lu, Qingyun, Shangxi Wu, Shiyu Wang, and Jing Xiao. "Influence of occupation type on the association between sleep duration and impaired fasting glucose: results from a Chinese population-based study." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (2021): e042066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042066.
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ObjectivesSystematic evaluation of the influence of occupation type on the association between sleep–glucose metabolismDesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe Nantong Metabolic Syndrome Study is a Chinese population-based study.Participants20 502 participants aged 18–74 years old.InterventionNo intervention.Primary and secondary outcome measuresImpaired fasting glucose (IFG).ResultsA total of 1503 participants (7.33%) with a slightly longer sleep duration had IFG. After being stratified according to occupation, a sleep duration of ≥10 hours daily corresponded to a 1.321-fold risk of IFG (95% CI 1.071 to 1.628, p=0.0092) among moderate and heavy physical workers compared with those with a daily sleep duration of 7–9 hours. There was no significant relationship between sleep and IFG among other types of workers. Moreover, we discovered a gender difference in the influence of occupation on the sleep–IFG. A positive association among moderate and heavy physical men and a negative association among light or sedentary men were established, but not in unemployed men. However, a positive association was evident only in unemployed women; there was no significant association among other occupations.ConclusionThis study highlights the role of occupation in the relationship of sleep–glucose metabolism. A gender difference was found to have been influenced by occupational types on the sleep–metabolic association.
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Gould, Alicia, Sharon DeSouza, and Karen L. Rebeiro-Gruhl. "And Then I Lost That Life: A Shared Narrative of Four Young Men with Schizophrenia." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 68, no. 10 (2005): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260506801005.
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A qualitative research study was conducted to explore the occupational needs and interests of young men, aged 18–30 years, who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Four men participated in two focus groups and described their daily occupations, both before and after diagnosis. The constant comparative method of data analysis was used to generate the categories inductively, yielding several common themes and stories. A shared narrative was subsequently identified, which best reflected the collective lost dreams, disruptions and losses resulting from a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The chapters of the participants' narrative describe a common struggle of attempting to rebuild lives in spite of persistent perceived barriers. The research sheds light upon the use of occupation in assisting young men to reclaim lost dreams and lives, as well as upon the impact of diagnosis on occupational engagement.
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Geroldi, Cristina, Giovanni B. Frisoni, Renzo Rozzini, and Marco Trabucchi. "Disability and Principal Lifetime Occupation in the Elderly." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 43, no. 4 (1996): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/tfvh-b9dc-apke-vyx3.
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This study addresses the relationship of disability with principal lifetime occupation in the elderly. Daily function, cognitive, and physical health variables were assessed in an Italian population of 524 community-dwelling elders aged seventy and over. Farmers had 1.4 (95% C.I.: 0.6 to 2.2) instrumental daily functions lost higher than white-collar workers. Adjustment for age, education, and financial dissatisfaction with multiple linear regression analysis decreased the difference to a still significant figure of 0.9 (95% C.I.: 0.1 to 1.7). On the contrary, adjustment only for cognitive status resulted in complete disappearance of the association [0.2 functions lost (95% C.I.: −0.5 to 0.9)]. The data indicate that greater disability in the most disadvantaged occupational groups may be due to poorer cognition.
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Karapetyan, E. V. "ESPECIALLY RURAL DAILY STAVROPOL REGION AFTER LIBERATION FROM OCCUPATION." Historical and social-educational ideas 8, no. 1 (2016): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2016-8-1-44-48.
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O'Brien, Patti, Isabel Dyck, Staci Caron, and Patricia Mortenson. "Environmental Analysis: Insights from Sociological and Geographical Perspectives." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 69, no. 4 (2002): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740206900407.
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Recent conceptual models, such as the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance, emphasize the transactional relationships between individuals, their occupations, and the environments in which they live. Nevertheless, further theoretical development is necessary in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the nature of interconnections between the environment, occupation, and disability. This paper draws on concepts from sociology and geography that can broaden our understanding of the environment and the manner in which its different dimensions may influence individuals' experiences of disability. The paper demonstrates how theoretical ideas from these disciplines can be used to inform our understanding of the daily lives of three different individuals: a senior with Bipolar Affective Disorder, a man with HIV/AIDS, and a parent of a child with a severe disability. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the analysis for occupational therapy theory and practice.
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Osabohien, Romanus, Alexander Nimo Wiredu, Paul Matin Dontsop Nguezet, et al. "Youth Participation in Agriculture and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147795.
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With data from 683 systematically selected households, the study employed the Heckman two-stage model and the propensity score matching method (PSM) to examine the impact of youth participation in agriculture as a primary occupation on income and poverty in Nigeria. The results indicate that the gender of the youth and their determination to stay in agriculture significantly increases the probability that youth will participate in agriculture as a primary occupation. In addition, youth participation in agriculture as a main occupation contributes significantly to per capita household income and has the likelihood to reduce poverty by 17%. The daily wage rate of hired labor and the total farmland owned are the variables that positively explained the per capita income. Poverty was reduced by market access, having agriculture as a primary occupation, income from agricultural production, the total monetary value of all the household assets, determination to remain in agriculture, and the square of the respondents’ age. These results imply that creating employment for youth by engaging them in agriculture as a full-time occupation can increase their income and reduce poverty. However, the promotion of other secondary occupations, land, and market access is also vital.
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Vinstrup, Jonas, Emil Sundstrup, and Lars L. Andersen. "Psychosocial stress and musculoskeletal pain among senior workers from nine occupational groups: Cross-sectional findings from the SeniorWorkingLife study." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (2021): e043520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043520.
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IntroductionMaintaining good health with advancing age is increasingly important as most European countries experience an increase in retirement age. In order to decrease the risk of premature departure from the workforce, identifying groups at increased risk of musculoskeletal pain and psychosocial stress is essential in designing workplace policies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational groups differing in terms of physical demands and skill requirement, and the outcomes of stress and pain.MethodsThis cross-sectional study reports associations of nine different occupational groups with stress and pain among 11 474 senior workers; stratified by occupational group and based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). A large-scale questionnaire survey was dispatched to Danish workers; drawn as a probability sample and merged with national registers. Representative estimates were produced using logistic regression controlling for various confounders, combined with model-assisted weights.ResultsThe prevalence of daily pain and high stress among occupational groups ranged between 20.0%–50.5% and 3.9%–10.0%, respectively. Compared with occupations characterised by being mostly sedentary (ISCO group 1–4), those with primarily physical demanding work (ISCO group 5–9) had higher odds of daily pain (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.70) and a tendency towards higher stress scores (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.46). Lastly, female workers experience increased odds of daily pain (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.66) and high stress (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.89) compared with male workers.ConclusionsOccupational settings characterised by mainly physical work and low skill requirements are more likely to experience daily pain compared with those entailing mainly sedentary work. Likewise, in this sample of senior workers, women are more likely to experience pain and stress. These results highlights the need for improving occupation-specific and sex-specific guidelines in the prevention of musculoskeletal pain and psychological stress in workplaces.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials identifier: NCT03634410
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Kåreholt, Ingemar, and Alexander Darin Mattsson. "O8D.2 Occupational complexity in relation to late life physical functioning in sweden." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (2019): A75.2—A75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.202.
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BackgroundOccupational complexity is a measure of intellectual stimulation at work. Higher occupational complexity has consistently been associated with less cognitive decline, decreased risk of dementia, less psychological distress, and lower mortality. We build on this research by investigating the association between occupational complexity and physical functioning in late life.MethodsTwo linked Swedish nationally representative surveys were used. Midlife health, education, social class, income, and occupational complexity from current/latest occupation was assessed in 1991. Data from 1991 also include retrospective questions about life-time occupations. From this data we created an aggregated score (based on occupational complexity at ages 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 in addition to the first occupation). Trajectories of change in complexity scores were measured using random slope and intercept models. Physical functioning was assessed in 2014 by self-reported mobility limitations and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL).ResultsThe results show an association between latest and aggregated higher occupational complexity and fewer mobility and ADL limitations. Adjusting for midlife health only moderately affected the associations. The associations were reduced to non-significant when adjusted for education, social class, and income. Trajectories of occupational complexity were only marginally, or not at all, associated with physical functioning in late life.DiscussionOccupational complexity was associated with physical functioning; however, the association could be entirely attributed to socioeconomic position. The initially observed associations between occupational complexity and physical functioning in late life appear to be explained by the same pathways as socioeconomic position. The combined associations between occupational complexity and socioeconomic position on one hand and physical functioning on the other hand need to be further analyzed.
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Yamaga, Takayoshi, Katsutoshi Asano, Masanao Ikeya, and Kosuke Nakanishi. "Successful occupational therapy at end of life for a patient with prostate sarcoma." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 6 (2021): e242056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-242056.
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Most previous studies on palliative rehabilitation highlight medical care, with occupational therapy (OT) primarily focused on normal and instrumental activities of daily living. This clinical report describes the case of a 35-year-old patient with prostate sarcoma with a poor prognosis who received OT to help him focus on participating in a meaningful occupation. Initially, the patient was depressed and withdrawn, but with OT, he was able to participate in an occupation, and his life became more active. Although the patient was at the end of his life, he was able to maintain a high quality of life during the limited time period.
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Vik, Kjersti, Louise Nygård, Lena Borell, and Staffan Josephsson. "Agency and Engagement: Older Adults' Experiences of Participation in Occupation during Home-Based Rehabilitation." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 75, no. 5 (2008): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740807500504.
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Background. Participation is considered the main goal of rehabilitation and occupational therapy intervention. This study focuses on older adults' participation in occupations in daily life when receiving home-based rehabilitation.Purpose. To explore how older adults with disabilities participate in daily life subsequent to hospitalization.Methods. A prospective case-orientated design was used, with repeated interviews with three older adults and a constant comparative method of analysis.Findings. Two main categories emerged as the participants' experience of participation: “Continuing to be an agent in daily life” captured the participants' decision making, choosing, and acting in daily life. “Life itself is the agent” identified how the participants, despite their strong wishes to be agents, also could let their participation be directed by their engagement in ongoing daily life.Implications. The findings identified participation as a dynamic engagement ranging from individual agency, including decision-making, choosing, and acting in daily life, to letting life itself be the agent. The emphasis on agency in the participants' experiences challenges rehabilitation professionals to find further means of facilitating the clients' possibilities of being agents in their daily lives.
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Calis, Irene. "Aid and Occupation." Journal of Palestine Studies 42, no. 3 (2013): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2013.42.3.10.
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This article foregrounds how international aid and the Israeli occupation intersect in the historically prosperous West Bank agricultural village of Jayyus; with most of its lands isolated behind the Israeli Wall, Jayyus is now aid-dependent. While material aid plays a larger role in sustaining the village, it is through “advocacy work” (a form of international aid largely unaddressed in the literature) that Jayyusis experience aid on a daily basis. The article examines the paradoxes of dependence and subordination seen from the vantage point of local communities under the jurisdiction of an occupying power and in the absence of a sovereign Palestinian state. Also shown is how the routinization of aid both obscures the ongoing status of occupation and has become an important mechanism that sustains it.
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Lutz, Sara G., Jeffrey D. Holmes, Debbie Laliberte Rudman, Andrew M. Johnson, Kori A. LaDonna, and Mary E. Jenkins. "Understanding Parkinson’s through visual narratives: “I’m not Mrs. Parkinson’s”." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 81, no. 2 (2017): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022617734789.
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Introduction Although it is accepted that individuals with Parkinson’s disease must navigate challenges such as receiving their diagnosis and changing daily occupations, little is known about how they navigate. The purpose of this study is to deepen the current understanding of the experience of living with Parkinson’s disease and its implications for occupation through a narrative visual methodology (photo-elicitation). Method Six individuals with Parkinson’s disease were asked to take photographs and share verbal narrative accounts to illustrate their experience of living with Parkinson’s disease. Findings Results highlight the interrelationship between occupation and identity, as many of the participants’ stories were interpreted as foregrounding the negotiation of occupation, and how such negotiation shaped their sense of identity. Overall, three major themes were identified: (1) Framing the meaning of Parkinson’s disease (accepting the disease as part of who they were); (2) Negotiating engagement in occupation (ongoing deliberation over whether to continue engaging in certain aspects of life as Parkinson’s disease progressed); and (3) Being ready to accept changes that impact personal or social identity (readiness to accept help and to identify as someone with Parkinson’s disease). Conclusion Attending to insights regarding the lived experience of Parkinson’s disease will enhance quality of care through informing an enriched client-centered, occupation-based approach.
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Mills, Katherine, and Angela Payne. "Enabling occupation at the end of life: A literature review." Palliative and Supportive Care 13, no. 6 (2015): 1755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951515000772.
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ABSTRACTObjective:Occupation, or meaningful activity, can contribute to the well-being and quality of life of all individuals. It is thus a logical tautology that occupation should be enabled for those at the end of life. Our present review examines current provision of these processes by Occupational Therapist, who can be much-valued members of multidisciplinary palliative care teams.Method:Following a literature search and critical selection, 10 global papers were identified examining occupation and occupational therapy at the end of life in the acute, hospice, and community environments.Results:Universally, there appeared to be a dearth of therapists working in end-of-life care. Provision of palliative care in hospitals was found to be compensatory or rehabilitative. Hospice therapy emerged as pleasingly occupational, though the number of hospice places was disappointingly few. Community literature was sparse, so it proved challenging to draw definitive conclusions. Promising research refracted light on occupation at home; however, it also revealed stretched domiciliary services, where clients are not well informed about the potential scope of occupational therapy.Significance of Results:A “good death” involving a quality end-of-life experience is the foundational goal overarching all therapy and medicine in the provision of palliative care. Arguably, an occupation-focused approach provided by therapists meets client needs to enable meaningful experiences in the limited time left to them. Current occupational therapy practice environments are not necessarily achieving these goals in commensurate fashion. There is a need to promote the role of occupational therapy and circumscribe what therapists can offer. Further research is necessitated across all environments and future funding for therapist positions in palliative teams. End-of-life care can be complex and challenging; however, therapists can facilitate fulfillment of client-centered occupational goals. In engaging with personally constructed nuances of meaning, quality of life can be improved in those deserving of a significant and emotionally rich daily existence during their final days.
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Elliot, Michelle L. "Finding the Fun in Daily Occupation: An Investigation of Humor." Occupational Therapy in Mental Health 29, no. 3 (2013): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0164212x.2013.819464.
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Lodder, G. M. A., S. Van Halem, A. Bülow, M. A. van Scheppingen, J. Weller, and A. K. Reitz. "Daily fluctuations in occupation with and worry about COVID-19." Personality and Individual Differences 182 (November 2021): 111078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111078.
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Baran, Benjamin E., Steven G. Rogelberg, and Thomas Clausen. "Routinized killing of animals: Going beyond dirty work and prestige to understand the well-being of slaughterhouse workers." Organization 23, no. 3 (2016): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508416629456.
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Slaughterhouse workers face the reality of industrialized meat production on a daily basis, experiencing firsthand the routinized killing of animals. This occupation provides a window through which to view one key way in which animals and organizations intersect in modern society. Given its proximity to death and undesirable required tasks, working in a slaughterhouse is classified as ‘dirty work’. Current theorizing, however, does not address how the intentional killing of animals may impact workers beyond its inherent dirtiness and low prestige. In this study, we draw upon and extend dirty work theory to further understand the unique nature of work that involves the intentional killing of animals. Regression analyses of data from 10,605 Danish workers across 44 occupations suggest that slaughterhouse workers consistently experience lower physical and psychological well-being along with increased incidences of negative coping behavior. Our findings hold while statistically controlling for occupational prestige and overall dirtiness. Additionally, we compare the pattern of results with a comparable occupation that does not involve animal killing, suggesting specific outcomes associated with routinized killing of animals. Building upon extant research and considering our findings, we discuss the theoretical implications regarding dirty work and the intentional killing of animals in organizations.
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Costa, Elson Ferreira, Luiza Souza Monteiro Oliveira, Victor Augusto Cavaleiro Corrêa, and Otávio Augusto De Araujo Costa Folha. "Ciência Ocupacional e Terapia Ocupacional: algumas reflexões/ Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy: some reflections." Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 1, no. 5 (2017): 650–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto9687.
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A ocupação é composta de ações com propósitos e significados, nas quais as pessoas se engajam no cotidiano e estruturam suas vidas. Estas ações agregam significados pessoais e culturais e são influenciadas pelo histórico de vida de cada indivíduo. Desta forma, este artigo objetivou por meio de uma reflexão teórica compreender as ocupações sob os pressupostos da Ciência Ocupacional e sua relação com a Terapia Ocupacional. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão narrativa como aporte metodológico. Os resultados apontam que uma das linhas pioneiras de investigação desenvolvidas no contexto da à Ciência Ocupacional que focaliza a forma, a função e o significado da ocupação. A Ciência Ocupacional trata de questões universais e singulares sobre a ocupação, com possibilidades de aplicação à Terapia Ocupacional. Assim, esta disciplina pode ser uma fonte rica de evidências para esta profissão.Abstract The occupation is composed of purposeful and meaningful actions in which people engage in daily live. These add personal e cultural meanings that are influenced by the life history of each one. Thus, this article aimed through a theoretical understanding the occupations under the aegis of assumptions of Occupational Science and its relation to occupational therapy. It is a study of narrative revision as method. The results show that a line of research of the Occupational Science that focuses on form, function and meaning of the occupation. Occupational Science issues universal and unique about occupation, with possibilities of application to Occupational Therapy. Thus, this discipline can be a source for evidence for this profession.Keywords: Science; Occupations; Occupational therapy. Resumen La ocupación se compone de acciones con propósito y significado, en el que las personas se dedican a la vida cotidiana y estructurar sus vidas. Estas acciones se suman los significados personales y culturales y son influenciados por la historia de vida de cada individuo. Por lo tanto, este artículo dirigido a través de una reflexión teórica entender las ocupaciones, bajo los auspicios de los supuestos de Ciencia de la Ocupación y su relación con la terapia ocupacional. Se trata de un estudio de revisión narrativa como método. Los resultados apuntan que una de las líneas de investigación desarrolladas en la Ciencia Ocupacional es la que enfoca la forma, la función y el significado de la ocupación. La Ciencia Ocupacional trata de cuestiones universales y singulares sobre la ocupación, con posibilidades de aplicación a la Terapia Ocupacional. Así, esta disciplina puede ser una fuente de evidencia para esta profesión.Palabras-clave: Ciencia; Ocupaciones; Terapia ocupacional.
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Calatayud, Estela, Beatriz Rodríguez-Roca, Javier Aresté, Yolanda Marcén-Román, Carlos Salavera, and Isabel Gómez-Soria. "Functional Differences Found in the Elderly Living in the Community." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 5945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115945.
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Introduction: Successful aging lies in cognitive and functional maintenance, and in the optimal performance of daily tasks that keep the elderly free of disability and dependence. However, there is little evidence for functional differences for gender and age, and how cognitive and physical demands in past working lives can affect them, to design more personalized occupational therapy interventions to prevent functional and cognitive impairment. Method: This observational descriptive study evaluated 367 older adults living in a community with subjective memory complaints and scored between 24 and 35 with the Spanish version of the “Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC-35)”. Basic activities of daily living (BADL) were studied with the Barthel Index, while instrumental ADL (IADL) were examined with the Lawton–Brody scale. Functional differences for gender, age, and physico-mental occupation were examined. Results: The significant differences found for gender indicated that men did better in BADL (p = 0.026) and women better performed IADL (p < 0.001). Differences between age groups suggest that the younger group (aged 64–75) obtained better results for BADL (p = 0.001) and IADL (p < 0.001). For physico-mental occupation, statistically significant differences were found only in IADL for mental (p = 0.034) and physical occupation (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Gender, age, and the cognitive and physical demands of occupational stages, can be important predictors of cognitive and functional impairment. These results can be generalized to other health centers in the province and to other Spanish Autonomous Communities because their socio-demographic variables are similar. It would be interesting to carry out multimodal personalized interventions that consider the factors that might affect functional impairment to preserve personal autonomy.
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Hadler, Stephen C., Irene L. Doto, James E. Maynard, et al. "Occupational Risk of Hepatitis B Infection in Hospital Workers." Infection Control 6, no. 1 (1985): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700062457.
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AbstractTo estimate the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among hospital workers, we measured the prevalence of HBV infection in employees in five hospitals in different parts of the country and examined the effect of occupational and non-occupational factors on HBV prevalence. Among 5,697 persons studied, serologic markers of HBV infection were found in 807 (14%). Prevalence of infection was strongly related to race (Asian > Black > White), sex (male > female) and increasing age.Risk related to health occupation, studied by examining the change in HBV prevalence with duration in occupational group, was most strongly correlated with frequency of contact with blood during work. Workers having frequent blood contact had the highest estimated infection rate (1.05 per 100 person-years) and those with moderate contact an intermediate infection rate, compared to a negligible infection rate in workers with no blood contact. Frequency of needle accidents had an independent, positive effect on HBV infection rates, while degree of patient contact had no effect. Infection risk was uniform among all hospitals for groups with frequent blood contact. Among different occupation groups, risk of HBV infection also correlated closely with degree of blood-needle contact during daily work. This study provides a general approach to assessing risk of HBV infection in hospital personnel, and indicates that risk may be most easily estimated by quantitating degree of blood-needle contact during daily work.
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Perkinson, Margaret A., and Sherylyn Briller. "Connecting the anthropology of aging and occupational therapy/Occupational science: Interdisciplinary perspectives on patterns and meanings of daily occupation." Anthropology & Aging 30, no. 2 (2015): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2009.89.
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Bourdas, Dimitrios I., and Emmanouil D. Zacharakis. "Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity in a Sample of Greek Adults." Sports 8, no. 10 (2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8100139.
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It is well known that physical inactivity increases the risk of global death; however, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown strategy on physical activity (PA) remains unclear. This study compared PA—i.e., daily occupation, transportation to and from daily occupation, leisure time activities, and regular sporting activities—prior (PRE) and during (POST) the on-going COVID-19 outbreak in the Greece lockdown environment. A Greek version of the web-based Active-Q questionnaire was used to access PA. The questionnaire was filled out twice (once each for the PRE and POST conditions) by 8495 participants (age = 37.2 ± 0.2 years (95% confidence interval (CI), 36.9–37.5); males = 38.3% (95%CI, 36.7–40.0); females = 61.7% (95%CI, 60.4–63.0). The relative frequency of overall sporting activities, which, prior to lockdown, occurred at least once per month, and overall participation in competitive sports was significantly reduced (8.6% (95%CI, 7.9–9.3) and 84.7% (95%CI, 82.9–86.6) respectively). With the exception of overall leisure time activities, which were significantly increased in the POST condition, daily occupational, transportation, and sporting activities significant reduced (p < 0.05). Overall PA was reduced in all genders, age, body mass index (BMI) and PA level subgroups in the POST condition, and an interaction between the males and High PA subgroups was observed. The change in overall PA (from PRE to POST conditions) was −16.3% (95%CI, −17.3 to −15.4), while in daily occupational, transportation, and sporting activities, it was −52.9% (95%CI, −54.8–51.0), −41.1% (95%CI, −42.8–39.5) and −23.9% (95%CI, −25.1–22.8), respectively. Thus, the lockdown period is highly associated with a negative change in overall PA. During lockdown, inactivity increased dramatically, with males and the high PA population affected significantly more. The decline in PA is a great concern due to possible long-term consequences on public health and healthcare system.
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Lo, Jin-ling, Grace Yao, and Tien-miau Wang. "Development of the Chinese language paediatric daily occupation scale in Taiwan." Occupational Therapy International 17, no. 1 (2010): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oti.281.
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Loubani, Khawla, Rachel Kizony, Uzi Milman, and Naomi Schreuer. "Hybrid Tele and In-Clinic Occupation Based Intervention to Improve Women’s Daily Participation after Breast Cancer: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (2021): 5966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115966.
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Background: Women after breast cancer (BC) cope with decreased daily participation and quality of life (QOL) due to physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms. This study examined a hybrid occupation-based intervention, Managing Participation with Breast Cancer (MaP-BC), to improve daily participation in their meaningful activities. Methods: Thirty-five women after BC phase were randomly allocated to the MaP-BC intervention (n = 18) or control (n = 17) group (standard care only). Assessments were administered at baseline (T1), 6-week (T2), and 12-week (T3) post-T1. Main outcome: perceived performance and performance-satisfaction with meaningful activities according to the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Secondary outcomes: retained activity levels (Activity Card Sort), QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast), cognitive abilities (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function), and upper-extremity functioning (Disability of Arm, Shoulder, Hand). Results showed significant interaction (group x time) effects for the primary outcome in performance, F(2,66) = 29.54, p = 0.001, ɳP2 = 0.472, and satisfaction, F(2,66) = 37.15, p = 0.000, ɳP2 = 0.530. The intervention group improved more in performance, t = 5.51, p = 0.0001, d = 1.298, and satisfaction, t = −5.32, p = 0.0001, d = 1.254, than the control group between T1 and T2. Secondary outcomes demonstrated within-group improvements. Conclusion: MaP-BC, a comprehensive occupation-based hybrid intervention tailored to women’s functional daily needs after BC, improved participation in meaningful activities within a short period.
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Yigit, Ismail Hakki. "Survival Tactics of Waste Paper Pickers in Istanbul." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/20.
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This study examines migration, ethnicity, stratification, and the informal economy by focusing on Waste Paper Pickers (WPPs) as an informal occupational group in Istanbul. I conducted a yearlong fieldwork project among WPPs in Istanbul, collecting ethnographic, observational, participant observational and interview data to develop a description of the everyday lives of WPPs and how they organize their daily work routines. This paper identified most WPPs as immigrants enmeshed in family, friend and compatriot relationships and examined differences and similarities among WPPs.Three main factors account for immigrants entering this occupation: (1) kinship / relative / friend and compatriot relations, (the WPPs’ social capital); (2) the easy entry to this occupation; and, (3) the ‘mafia’ or hiring WPPs on daily basis. Rather than only one type of WPP, they can better be understood as falling into five different types. WPPs in each type differ in their work, the way they work, the money they earn, and their relations with local people. Among my informants, some WPPs can be seen to fit into more than one type while others fall only into one. These types are: (1) Old-hand WPPs, (2) Beginner WPPs, (3) Drunk WPPs, (4) Hired WPPs, and (5) Seasonal WPPs.
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Mokbel, Sahar. "Confronting Occupation with Cultural Stability in Lameece and Jacob’s Food and Fadwa." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 5 (2018): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n5p328.
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The following paper demonstrates the life in Palestine and the daily conflicts that take place due to Israeli occupation of the land. Its purpose is to shed the light on the significance of confronting occupation with cultural stability. Through the play Food and Fadwa, we are introduced to a Palestinian family suffering from the ache of occupation. However, Fadwa’s Palestinian cuisines act as means of resistance against the Israeli attempts of cleansing the Palestinian culture and heritage.
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Lipskaya-Velikovsky, Lena, Tal Jarus, Adam Easterbrook, and Moshe Kotler. "Participation in daily life of people with schizophrenia in comparison to the general population." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 83, no. 5 (2016): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417416647158.
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Background. Participation in occupations is a basic human right. Although people with schizophrenia commonly experience restrictions in participation, there is a paucity of research in this area. Purpose. This study aimed to compare the participation patterns of people with schizophrenia to people without mental illness (control group). Method. A total of 140 people of similar age and sex completed the Adults Subjective Assessment of Participation and provided demographic and health-related data. Findings. People with schizophrenia tend to participate in fewer activities and to participate alone. However, they participate with similar intensity as those in the control group. Implications. The participation patterns of people with schizophrenia are both unique and similar to those of the general population. The differences in participation raise concerns due to signs of restriction and social exclusion. However, it appears that people with schizophrenia benefit from occupation and community-based services that promote and support participation with others in diverse activities.
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Aguilar- Parra, José M., Remedios López- Liria, José M. Fernández- Batanero, David Padilla Góngora, and Joaquín Álvarez. "Influencia de la ocupación en actividades de la vida diaria y de ocio sobre la salud real de la persona mayor." Psychology, Society, & Education 8, no. 2 (2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v8i2.554.
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Resumen: El siglo XXI está destinado a conformarse por una población con tendencia a envejecer. Por esto, se han de buscar estrategias para mejorar la calidad de vida de este sector de población. La variable que incide más determinantemente en la calidad de vida de la persona mayor es la salud. Se plantea como objetivo determinar si el nivel ocupacional de la persona mayor influye sobre su nivel de salud real. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 500 personas mayores de 60 años. El instrumento utilizado ha sido el Cuestionario de Conducta Ocupacional de los Mayores (C-COM). Existe una correlación moderada entre realizar un mayor número de ocupaciones y tener mayor nivel de salud. Estos resultados permiten orientar futuros programas y políticas ocupacionales. Además, si el estar ocupado mejora el nivel de salud, se podría reducir el gasto sanitario, invirtiendo en ocupación. Influence of occupation on daily life and leisure activities on the health of the elderly Abstract: The 21st century is destined to conform by a population to trend to age. For this motive, strategies have to be looked to improve the quality of life of this sector of population. One of the variables that affect of more determinant form in the quality of life of the major person is the health. The aims of this study is to determinate if the occupational level of the elderly influences his health. The sample was composed by 500 sixty-year-old elderly. The used instrument has been the Questionnaire of Occupational Conduct of the Major (C-COM). A moderated correlation exists between realizing a major number of occupations and to have a major level of health. These results guide future programs and occupational policies. Also, if being busy improving the level of health could reduce health spending, investing in occupation.
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Asaba, Eric, Mio Nakamura, Akie Asaba, and Anders Kottorp. "Integrating Occupational Therapy Specific Assessments in Practice: Exploring Practitioner Experiences." Occupational Therapy International 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7602805.
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Background. Occupational therapists sometimes find it challenging to integrate client-centered and occupational therapy specific assessments in practice. The aim of this study was to explore the use of occupational therapy specific assessments such as the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) among occupational therapists in Sweden and Japan. Methods. Interviews and qualitative thematic analyses were utilized. Findings. Four themes are reported: (1) use it or lose it, (2) simply no space until after hours, (3) biggest barriers can be colleagues, and (4) being more specific: communication. Conclusion. In keeping with previous studies, occupational therapists often find it challenging to implement client-centered and occupation-based assessment tools into practice. However, more work is needed to understand how best practices can be incorporated into a changing occupational therapy daily practice.
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Apriani, Miftah, and Ria Wulandari. "The Effects of Occupational Modality Therapy on the Independence Level of the Elderly." Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal 15, no. 2 (2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/dpphj.v15i2.3553.
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Background: Independence in elderlies is the ability to carry out daily activities. The Activity of Daily Living (ADL) is a form of measuring a person's ability to perform ADL independently so that information on elderly morbidity can be analyzed. Occupational therapy is the art and science of supporting interactions in everyday life through work (occupation) that enables people to do work that promotes health and well-being and enables a just and inclusive society, encouraging everyone to optimize their potential in the workplace from everyday life. This study aims to identify the independence level of elderlies before and after occupational modality therapy. Methods: The method employed in this study was a quasi-experimental technique design using a pretest-posttest control group design. Results: The results of the study showed a p-value of 0.00, indicating that occupational modality therapy affected the level of independence of the elderlies who were given treatment with a change of independence level from 13.50 to 16.95. Meanwhile, in the control group where the respondents were not given occupational modality therapy, there was no significant difference before and after the final observation. Conclusion: The elderlies who were given treatment became more independent in carrying out their daily activities compared to those who were not given treatment in the control group.
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Haroon, Sobia. "OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY FOR CHILDREN WITH FEEDING DIFFICULTIES AND PICKY EATING HABITS – A CASE STUDY." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 8, no. 2 (2020): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.8.2/010.
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Feeding and eating are basic activities of daily living (B/ADL) thus it is one of the major occupation domain of occupational therapy. The role of an occupational therapist at this domain is to evaluate occupational performance and develop feeding skills that includes sensory-motor, fine motor, oral motor and processing skills. Moreover behavior pattern, habit and routine along with contextual factors during the mealtimes that facilitate feeding mechanism. Picky and fussy eating is also called choosy eating which is most common form of feeding difficulties [2] among both typically developed and delayed milestone children. The aim of case study is to promote the effectiveness of occupational therapy in picky eater children who have attained developmental milestones within typical ranges but healthy eating habits are not developed. The occupational performance of the 5 year old picky eater child was monitored through ABLLS-Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skill. Feeding issues of the child were affecting her physical and behavioral health eventually leading to struggle in functions for BADL- basic activities of daily living and social participation. It is observed that continuous occupational therapy session with individualized intervention plan, inculcate healthy eating habits and improve results at ABBLS.
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Johnston, Diane, and Christine Mayers. "Spirituality: A Review of How Occupational Therapists Acknowledge, Assess and Meet Spiritual Needs." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 68, no. 9 (2005): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260506800902.
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The importance of considering an individual's spirituality and the confusion over definition have been emphasised by the interest shown in this subject over the past decade. A working definition to help to reduce confusion was presented at the College of Occupational Therapists' annual conference in 2004 and it was felt that it would be useful both to review the attitudes and practices of occupational therapists in this area and to evaluate how they assess and meet spiritual needs. It appeared that practical spiritual needs were often thought of only in terms of religious and cultural traditions or rituals and, as a result, the potential of everyday meaningful occupations was not considered fully. Therefore, the use of occupation was reviewed in relation to meeting spiritual needs. Finally, the perceived barriers to incorporating spirituality into practice were investigated. The review showed that: ▪ Although a majority of participants recognise the importance of spirituality to health and illness and the potential benefits to treatment, the number of therapists actually incorporating spiritual needs into daily practice does not demonstrate this recognition ▪ Some occupational therapists feel confident about addressing and assessing spiritual concerns explicitly, but this tends to be situation based and dependent on factors such as client-therapist relationship, therapist awareness of spiritual issues and the expression of spiritual need by the client ▪ Further exploration of the potential of everyday occupations that address the spiritual needs of both religious and non-religious clients needs to be undertaken ▪ Spirituality needs to be addressed more fully in undergraduate occupational therapy programmes.
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Watford, Patricia, Vanessa Jewell, and Karen Atler. "Increasing Meaningful Occupation for Women Who Provide Care for Their Spouse: A Pilot Study." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 39, no. 4 (2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449219829849.
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Caregiving for a loved one can be difficult and negatively affect health and quality of life. This pilot mixed-method study explored an intervention to increase participation in meaningful occupation for women who care for their spouse. Participants completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life: Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The 4-week intervention consisted of an activity log (Daily Experiences of Pleasure, Productivity, and Restoration Profile) and a reflective journal (Journal of Activities and Experiences). Researchers analyzed data from the reflective journal using content analysis. Preliminary findings showed an increase in the physical health domain ( p < .05), and satisfaction with meaningful activities had clinical significance. Qualitative themes included caregiving is a demanding role, writing down experiences helped caregivers take action, and caregivers reorganized daily activities. Although preliminary results showed a positive trend, the intervention was brief, and more research is needed to determine whether greater gains are possible, and can be sustained.