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Mojumder, Mohammad Liaquat Osman, Jalal Uddin Ahmed, Md Musharraf Uddin Bhuiyan, Md Jahid Hasan, and Md Showkat Ali. "Evaluation of reproductive health status in government and commercial dairy herds of Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 1, no. 1 (November 4, 2015): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v1i1.25495.
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To evaluate the reproductive herd health status, the data were collected from Talbag Dairy Farm, Savar; Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm, Mymensingh and Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm, Savar for a period of two years. A total of 122 lactating cows were selected to collect data on productive and reproductive performance from the farms record book maintained by three farms. The mean value ± SD of breeding age, calving age, age at first conception, calving to first estrus, calving to first service, days open, calving interval, first service conception rate, number of service per conception, calf per year of Talbag Dairy Farm, BAU Dairy Farm, Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm were 25.10 ± 2.68, 219.23 ± 12.23 and 27.40 ± 7.56 months; 34.30 ± 8.54, 55.88 ± 11.60 and 38.93 ± 8.58 months; 26.20 ± 4.05, 52.71 ± 12.55 and 29.83 ± 8.72 months; 165.00 ±73.82, 219.23 ± 121.83 and 190.50 ± 104.19 days; 165.00 ±73.82, 240.77 ± 128.59 and 190.50 ± 104.19 days; 201.00 ± 72.48, 250.38 ± 72.82 and 335.08 ± 118.61 days; 383.30 ± 57.87, 526.44 ± 196.80 and 523.17 ± 216.37 days; 73.50 ± 29.25, 64.75 ± 30.53 and 61.85 ± 31.87 %; 1.95 ± 0.44, 1.99 ± 0.72 and 2.30 ± 1.02; 383.30 ±57.87, 526.44 ± 196.80 and 523.17 ± 216.37 days, respectively. The overall calf mortality (%) in Talbag Dairy Farm, BAU Dairy Farm, Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm were 4%, 0.70% and 4.06%, respectively. The calf mortality (%) at birth and birth to 30 days in Talbag Dairy Farm, BAU Dairy Farm, Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm were 3%, 1% and 1.85%; 3.5%, 5% and 6.39%; respectively. It is concluded that commercial farms reasonably better due to optimum level of breeding age, first service conception rate, less calving interval and less service per conception.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 31-38
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СЕМЕНОВ, В. Г., С. Г. КОНДРУЧИНА, А. Н. МАЙКОТОВ, С. Л. ТОЛСТОВА, and Т. Н. ИВАНОВА. "SYSTEM OF DIRECTED REPRODUCTION OF DAIRY CATTLE." VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM P A KOSTYCHEVA, no. 4(48) (December 29, 2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36508/rsatu.2020.48.4.010.
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Цель работы – изучить влияние направленного воспроизводства коров на формирование высокопродуктивных здоровых стад. Методология. Научно-исследовательская работа проведена в базовых хозяйствах Республики Казахстан: СПК «ПЗ Алматы», ИП «Сыдыков», ИП «Каримов», ТОО «Тастобе АгроФуд» Алматинской, ТОО «Какпатас-Кордай» Жамбылской, ТОО «Борте милка» Туркестанской и КХ «Зайтенов» Восточно-Казахстанской областей. Для искусственного осеменения выбирали телок 12-14-месячного возраста живой массой от 360 кг и коров-первотелок голштинской, симментальской, швицкой и черно-пестрой пород. Осеменение проводили ректоцервикальным методом с помощью инструмента Alpha Vision заморожено-оттаянным семенем, разделенным по полу. Результаты. Для ускоренного ремонта стада и увеличения поголовья высокопродуктивных коров в крупных хозяйствах по производству молока используют сексированное семя при первом и втором осеменении первотелок, полученных от высокопродуктивных матерей. Согласно научным данным, эффективность, получаемая от использования данной методики, составляет 65-95 % особей желательного пола. Наиболее высокие результаты плодотворности осеменения сексированным семенем в СПК «ПЗ Алматы», ИП «Каримов» и КХ «Какпатас Кордай» получены в осенне-зимний период и составили от 58,1 до 65,2 %, при индексе осеменения 1,58-1,72. При использовании сексированного семени от первотелок в среднем получено 92 % телок. При сравнительном анализе результатов по всем хозяйствам наиболее высокие показатели плодотворности осеменения отмечены у телок при естественной половой охоте. На фоне гормональной стимуляции половой охоты наблюдается снижение плодотворности осеменения в среднем на 4,72 %. При диспансеризации коров и телок выявлено 202 головы с нарушением воспроизводительных функций, из них вылечено 176 голов (87,13 %), с эндометритом – 81,25 %, с фолликулярной кистой – 86,79 %, с гипофункцией яичников – 91,76 %. Заключение. Научно обосновано и экспериментально доказано влияние направленного воспроизводства коров на формирование высокопродуктивных здоровых стад в базовых хозяйствах Республики Казахстан. Problem and purpose. The purpose of the work was to study the efect of directed reproduction of cows on formation of highly productive healthy herds. Methodology. The research was carried out at the basic farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan: APC “PZ Almaty”, PE “Sydykov”, PE “Karimov”, LLP “Tastobe AgroFood” in Almaty region, LLP “Kakpatas-Kordai” in Zhambyl region, LLP “Borte Milka” in Turkestan region and CF "Zaitenov" in Eastern-Kazakhstan region. For artifcial insemination, a calf of 12-14 months of age was chosen with a living mass of 360 kg and frst-born cows of Holstein, Simmental, Schwitz and black and white breeds. Insemination was performed by recto-cervical method using Alpha Vision tool with frozen-thawed semen divided by sex. Results. For accelerated repair of herd and increase of number of highly productive cows at large dairy farms one uses sexed semen for the frst and the second insemination of fresh cows got from highly productive mothers. According to scientifc data, the efciency obtained from using this technique is 65-95 % of individuals are of the desired sex. The highest results of the fruitfulness of insemination by sexed semen were obtained at APC “PZ Almaty”, PE “Karimov” and LLP “Kakpatas-Kordai” in the autumn-winter period and ranged from 58.1 to 65.2 %, with an insemination index of 1.58-1.72. When using sexed semen from fresh cows, about 92 % of heifers were obtained. With a comparative analysis of the results for all farms, the highest indicators of the fruitfulness of insemination were noted in calves during natural estrus. Against the background of hormonal stimulation of estrus, there was a decrease in the fruitfulness of insemination by an average of 4.72 %. During the medical examination of cows and heifers, 202 heads with impaired reproductive functions were detected, of which 176 heads (87.13 %) were cured, with endometritis - 81.25 %, with follicular cyst - 86.79 %, with ovarian hypofunction - 91.76 %. Conclusion. The infuence of directed reproduction of cows on formation of highly productive healthy herdswas scientifcally and experimentally proved at basic farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Lynch, Colin, Gerson Oliveira, Flavio Schenkel, and Christine F. Baes. "PSIII-9 Differences in Conception Rate across Breeding Protocols in Dairy Cattle." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.428.
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Abstract Fertility performance success on dairy farms starts with estrus detection, especially for artificial insemination programs. Detection of estrus has become more difficult over the years due to a decrease in estrus expression in high-producing dairy cows, with up to 60% of ovulations accompanied by no standing mount. In order to alleviate the pressure of estrus detection, management technologies have been developed, including automated detectors of standing heat, activity monitors, automated in-line systems measuring milk progesterone, and hormonal synchronization protocols (FTAI). To gauge the effectiveness of such technologies, records from 647,940 cows across 1,166 herds over the past ten years (total of 3,466,593 breeding records) from herd management software were analyzed. Across all herds, there were 5,804 breeding protocols, of which 2,046 were unique. Due to the wide range of breeding protocols, records were classified as HORMONES, FTAI, HEAT DETECTION and OTHERS. Breeding protocols were classified as HORMONES if they included any hormone treatment. FTAI was a stricter subset of HORMONES, which included only clear FTAI protocols. Protocols were classified as HEAT DETECTION if they were a clear heat detection protocol, with all remaining protocols classified as OTHERS. These classifications resulted in 3,258 protocols classified as HORMONES, of which 2,002 were FTAI, while a further 1,840 were classified as HEAT DETECTION. The remaining 706 codes were classified as OTHER and removed from this study. These classifications provided an initial overview of breeding methods conception rates, with results indicating significant differences (P < 0.05) between all protocol groups, as outlined in Table 1. Further analysis will be completed to indicate conception rates from the most commonly used breeding protocols across each of the protocol groups within the 1,192 herds. This work will help provide a better understanding of the expected conception rate of various management technologies on commercial farms.
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Semenov Vladimir Grigoryevich,, Yelemesov Kopmagambet Yelemesovich,, Alentayev Aleidar Saldarovich,, Tyurin Vladimir Grigorievich,, and Baimukanov Aidar Dastanbekovich,. "ADAPTOGENESIS AND BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF CATTLE ON СOMMERCIAL DAIRY FARM." BULLETIN 6, no. 388 (December 15, 2020): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.186.
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The possibility of activating adaptive processes and organism resistance of cattle on commercial dairy farms under the influence of biological stimulants (polystim and PV-1) is proved. Biostimulants reduced the risk of gynecological disorders in cows: they reduced the retention time of placenta and subinvolution of uterus, reduced the endometritis and mastitis occurrence; increased reproductive function: shortened the time of the first estrus coming, increased the fertility, reduced the conception rate and duration of the service period, and improved the physicochemical composition of colostrum. The used biostimulants contributed to the increase in live weight of calves while increasing the relatively high level of assimilative processes associated with the fact that their forage energy was mainly spent on increasing body weight. At the same time, in calves not injected with biological preparations, it was mainly spent on providing homeothermia (i.e., maintaining constant body temperature), which was especially evident at low external temperatures. In calves raised in the conditions of intensive technology in winter, after the administration of dostim and polystim, the following indicators were significantly higher: the phagocytic activity of leukocytes by 5.4% - 6.4%, the lysozyme activity of plasma - by 3.0% - 6.2%, the blood serum bactericidal activity - by 7.1% - 9.5% and the content of immunoglobulins - by 2.5 mg/ml - 3.1 mg/ml. With the adaptive technology, the data of these indicators were higher: in winter period - by 5.2 - 6.4%, 3.1 - 6.2%, 6.0 - 8.7% and 4.7 - 5.7 mg/ml; and in spring-summer period - by 0.2 - 0.6%, 4.6 - 5.7%, 4.9 - 7.2% and 3.4 - 4.8 mg/ml (P<0.05-0.001), respectively.
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Lopes, Sabrina Thabla Pereira, Bruno Da Silva Prado, Gustavo Henrique Chaves Martins, Hiran Esmeraldo Albuquerque Beserra, Marcos Antônio Celestino de Souza Filho, Luanna Soares de Melo Evangelista, Janaina De Fátima Saraiva Cardoso, Ana Lys Bezerra Barradas Mineiro, and José Adalmir Torres De Souza. "Trypanosoma vivax in Dairy Cattle." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46 (April 30, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.86772.
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Background: Trypanosoma vivax is a protozoan that causes reproductive disorders and decreased production in domestic and wild ungulate animals. The bovine are the main hosts of the disease and the transmission occurs by the bite of hematophagous insects, mainly tabanids. Several diagnostic techniques can be used to detect the parasite, both in parasitologicalform and by serological kits. In Brazil, the disease has been reported in bovines, goats and sheep of some states, with high morbidity and mortality and due to the scarcity of results on the epidemiology of the disease, this work had the objective to report the presence of T. vivax in a female bovine of a dairy herd in Parnaíba county, Piauí.Case: The animal naturally infected by Trypanosoma vivax, was a three-year-old cow from a dairy farm in the Parnaíba county, located in the north of Piauí state. The farm had a herd whith 62.20% of young Girolando breed cows and the breeding system used was semi-confinement, with two mechanical milking per day. At the time of a Veterinarian’s technicalvisit to the property, it was observed the occurrence of abortions, mastitis, estrus repetitions and cows with hematuria, leading to the suspicion of the bovine leptospirosis occurrence. Blood samples were collected from 78 cows from the herd for hematological, biochemical and serological tests, and 72 (92.30%) were reactive to some Leptospira serovars. All the exams were carried out at the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). In the group of animals negative for leptospirosis, a female was diagnosed positive for bovine trypanosomiasis, confirming the result in the blood smear. This animal had no clinical signs characteristic of the disease at the time of the evaluation.Discussion: Blood trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma vivax were visualized on several slides of the animal smear and all the morphological structures of the parasite found were clearly seen under microscopyas described in the literature. The hematological alterations observed were normochromic normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis due tolymphocytosis, monocytosis and eosinophilia. The anemia and leukocytosis clinical condition found in the specific animal is commonly found in bovines naturally infected by trypanosomiasis in the chronic phase of the disease. The results of the serum biochemistry revealed decreased blood glucose and increased renal and hepatic parameters, as well as the inversion of the albumin-globulin ratio. Similar laboratory results were also described previously. The animal had a good body score, a good diet and showed no clinical signs of the disease. A good nutrition may have controlled the T. vivax parasitaemia, avoiding the characterization of the clinical condition. This fact can be attributed to the differences in pathogenicity of the parasite and/or susceptibility of a particular host. In the area of the farm where the cattle were housed the presence ofseveral tabanids was noticed and the increase of these insects in the environment is considered a risk factor, predisposing, even, the occurrence of new outbreaks. The epidemiological situation of the disease in Brazil is described, for the most part, by reports of outbreaks or specific events, revealing the lack of more consistent studies. With this result it is knownthat trypanosomiasis exists in the dairy herd of the state of Piauí, being important to carry out new work to diagnose the epidemiological situation of the disease within the productive context of our region.Keywords: bovine, dairy herd, trypanosomiasis.
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Michaelis, I., E. Hasenpusch, and W. Heuwieser. "Estrus detection in dairy cattle: Changes after the introduction of an automated activity monitoring system?" Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 41, no. 03 (2013): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623167.
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Summary Objective: In context of the study farmers using an automated activity monitoring (AAM) system called Heatime were surveyed on estrus detection practices. The aim of the study was to gain an overview of the usual estrus detection methods and especially to learn about the practical aspects of that system. Material and methods: Items addressing farm and animal environment, estrus detection before and after installation of Heatime, reproduction, Heatime management and the far mer’s perception of efficiency were asked. Results: A total of 232 survey forms were returned (58.3% response rate) and 219 surveys could be used for final analysis. Visual observation was the most common practice to detect estrus. After installation of the Heatime system the farmers assessed that the application of hormones for reproduction management decreased. The majority of the responding dairy farmers (93.1%) strongly agreed or agreed that heat detection was higher after the installation of Heatime. Most of them (92.3%) strongly agreed or agreed with the statement that the reproduction management became easier with Heatime. Conclusion: Overall, 94.1% of the responding farm managers were satisfied with the Heatime system and almost all of them (94.5%) would install the system again. Clinical relevance: The results show that the Heatime system is a well accepted estrus detection aid and has the potential to reduce the time needed for estrus detection and might potentially reduce the use of hormones.
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Lee, Jihwan, Suhyun Lee, Younbae Park, Seokhyun Lee, Seungmin Ha, Manhye Han, Gulwon Jang, Myunghum Park, Kyungwoon Kim, and Hakjae Chung. "The Detection of Bovine Estrus by Lactoferrin Monoclonal Antibody." Animals 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061582.
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To improve reproductive performance in cattle, the accurate detection of estrus and optimization of insemination relative to ovulation are necessary. However, poor heat detection by farm staff leads to a decreased conception rate, thus inflicting economic damage to the beef and dairy industries. This study aimed to develop monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that can specifically bind to the bovine lactoferrin (bLF) protein, which we have previously demonstrated to be overexpressed in bovine cervical mucus during estrus. Female rats were intraperitoneally immunized with bLF protein as the antigen. Anti-bLF mAbs were then purified by affinity chromatography, and their binding affinity for the bLF antigen was examined using ELISA. We found a high binding affinity between mAbs and bLF. Finally, we developed a rapid bovine heat detection kit using the anti-bLF mAbs that we generated and tested on cervical mucus from 12 cows (estrous synchronization, n = 2; natural cycling, n = 10). We found that the kits accurately detected estrus. Overall, our fabricated heat detection kit based on rat anti-bLF mAbs could pave the way for the development of potent tools for heat detection devices for dairy cattle, thereby preventing economic loss.
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Leigh, Olufisayo Oluwadamilare, Lukman Mustapha, Agbugba Chinyere Linda, and Adaeze Ezenwanyi Ibiam. "Timed Artificial Insemination: Pregnancy Rates in Sokoto Gudali Cattle Treated with Prostaglandin F2 Alpha at a Private Dairy Farm in Nigeria." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 20, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2018.20.1.636.
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Pregnancy rates (PR) resulting from timed artificial insemination (TAI) with frozen semen were investigated in 192 Sokoto Gudali (SG) cattle following estrus synchronization under 11- and 12- day treatment intervals with prostaglandin F2 alpha (Estrumate®). Two-point inseminations at 60 h and 72 h post Estrumate® treatments were used. All cattle were randomly allocated to 2 groups i.e. A and B, such that each sub-group of A1, A2, B1 and B2 had sixteen (16) cows and thirty two (32) heifers. Furthermore, cattle in Groups A and B were administered double Estrumate® injections at 11- and 12-day intervals, respectively. Cattle in sub-groups A1 and B1 were inseminated at 60 h post second Estrumate® injection while A2 and B2 were inseminated at 72 h. Pregnancy was diagnosed using the 60-day non return to estrus and confirmed via rectal palpation at 90 days post insemination. The results showed the following PR: 33%, 83%, 33% and 33% for cattle in sub-groups A1, A2, B1 and B2, respectively. It is concluded therefore that timed artificial insemination at 72 h in SG cattle treated with double Estrumate® injections at 11-day interval produced the best pregnancy rate. These findings raises hope on the future application of TAI in breeding the SG cattle with prostaglandin F2 alpha as single agent of estrus synchronization.
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El-Sayed, G., Mohamed El-Diasty, and Hadeer Magdy. "Effect of progesterone on some reproductive performances in cattle." Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal 20, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35943/mvmj.2019.22.109.
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Our experiment was conducted at a special dairy farm in Dakahlia Governorate between the periods (March –May 2018), This farm consisted of 400 Holestien cows; from the total of the animals only 210 lactating cows. The established experiment applied on 40 cows suffered from different types of anestrum detected by ultrasonography as follow (15 cows suffer from cystic ovary, 15 cows suffer from smooth inactive ovaries and 10 cows suffer from persist corpus luteum to study the effect of progesterone device insertion in dairy cattle and its effect in fertility. On day 0, cattle at random stage of estrous cycle received controlled internal drug release vaginal insert (CIDR).We left the CIDR in the vagina for seven days as we inject PGF2 on day 6 and remove the CIDR on day 7, blood samples were collected from 25 animals at zero day, 3rd, 7th and 9th day from the tail vein, and then we follow the estrous and detected the estrus cow for AI and apply ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis after 30 day from insemination From this study it was concluded that the use of progesterone for 7 days +i.m. injection of PGF2α in the 7th day can applied to dairy cattle to restart ovarian activity and it is an effective treatment for different infertility cases like cystic ovarian disease, persist corpus luteum and smooth in active ovaries. Moreover present study provides evidence for the importance of prior exposure to progesterone for cows to express estrous behavior, increase number of pregnant animals and increase conception rate.
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Karki, Bikalpa, Rabin Raut, Krishna Prasad Sankhi, Umesh Mandal, and Gokarna Gautam. "Fertility Improvement by Ovsynch Protocol in Repeat Breeder Cattle of Kathmandu Valley." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 6, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v6i3.21183.
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Repeat breeders cause substantial loss in dairy herds mainly affecting the reproductive efficiency and economy of milk production in cattle and buffaloes. A study was conducted in cattle farms of various farmers of three districts of Central Region of Nepal; Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur during March-August 2016. A total of 20 repeat breeder cows were selected for the trial. Repeat breeder cows were identified based on the history of at least three repeated breeding at an interval of around three weeks. We applied Ovsynch protocol where two reproductive hormones; Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and Prostaglandin (PGF2α) were injected. Pregnancy was initially diagnosed by Biopryn Test kit using serum samples. Rectal examination confirmed pregnancy after 2 months of artificial insemination (AI). 16 cows expressed clear estrus signs during fixed time AI. 5 (83.3%) out of 6 cows with cystic ovary expressed estrus at the time of fixed time AI. 4 (66.7%) of these cows became pregnant.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 261-264
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Nakami, Wilkister, and Victor Tsuma. "Assisted Reproductive Technologies for Decision Support in Reproductive Management of Dairy Cattle in Ke." Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36630/jasft_21001.
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The human population is expected to double in Africa by 2030 and with it a consequent rise in demand for livestock products. Reproductive technologies improve livestock productivity however, uptake of the technologies has been low in Africa, yet this is where there is a dire need for livestock products as the human population surges. This study aimed to assess knowledge extent and understanding the use of assisted reproductive technologies in decision support for reproductive management of dairy cattle in Kenya. Dairy farmers and veterinary practitioners were interviewed using a questionnaire to obtain relevant data on knowledge, attitude and practices in the use of assisted reproductive technologies in reproductive management in dairy farms. Observable heat signs was the only method used by participants to ascertain estrus in a cow. Artificial insemination technique was adopted by all farmers as the breeding method of choice. The analysis highlighted that the respondents with low levels of formal education had less knowledge on reproductive technologies and displayed risky practices. Overall, a larger proportion of respondents indicated that the assisted reproductive technologies would be important in reproductive management. The relatively low levels of awareness, higher levels of education and a willingness to use the assisted reproductive technologies in reproductive management of dairy cattle strengthen the logic of improving productivity through the application of these assisted reproductive technologies as well as improve levels of awareness of reproductive management practices. Keywords: attitude, heat detection, knowledge, pregnancy diagnosis, practices, progesterone
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Worku, Destaw, Kefyalew Alemayehu, and Mussie H/Melekote. "Comparative reproductive performance evaluation of Holstein Friesian cattle breeds in two different agro ecological conditions, Oromia region, Ethiopia." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 58 (June 2016): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633616000060.
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SummaryComparative study was conducted at Alage and Ardaita Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training College dairy farm to evaluate the reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian (HF) and associated factors in the two farms. The data collected from 2000 to 2015 on reproductive traits (n= 1688) were analyzed using general linear model procedures of SAS version 9.2 (SAS, 2008). The result revealed that an overall least square means and standard errors for Age at first Service (AFS), Age at first calving (AFC), Calving interval (CI), Days open (DO) and Number of services per conception were 29.70 ± 0.49 months, 39.75 ± 0.53 months, 465.76 ± 7.22 days, 188.11 ± 7.22 days and 1.31 ± 0.04, respectively. AFC was significantly influenced by agro ecology (P< 0.001) and year of birth (P< 0.01). Besides this, agro ecology (P< 0.001) and year of birth (P< 0.05) was significantly influenced by AFC. Year of calving and parity had significant effect (P< 0.001) on CI and DO. Except CI, agro ecology had significant effect on all traits. Service per conception was significantly influenced by agro ecology (P< 0.05) and year of calving (P< 0.01). Season of birth and season of calving was not significant on all reproductive traits. Except SPC, the result obtained for AFS, AFC, CI and DO were below the standard expected from commercial dairy farm. Poor efficiency of estrus detection and expression were the most probable management factors accounted for longer period of AFS, AFC, CI and DO. Improving the level of nutrition as well as efficiency of estrus detection system is required for optimal reproduction performance of HF breed in the area.
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Hossain, MK, AHMM Uddin, N. Yasmin, MM Hossain, NS Lucky, MM Haque, M. Aktaruzzaman, and S. Alam. "Risk factors of postpartum uterine infection and its subsequent effect on fertility of crossbred dairy cows in Bangladesh." International Journal of Natural Sciences 5, no. 2 (July 31, 2016): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v5i2.28634.
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Postpartum uterine infection is extremely important in dairy cattle. It is both common and detrimental to reproductive performance. The present study was conducted to investigate the factors responsible for postpartum uterine infection and its subsequent effect on fertility of crossbred dairy cows in Chatmohar Upazila, Pabna District. A total of 317 cows were selected and registered and then follow up them in postpartum period. Reproductive histories and data of the studied cows were assessed by direct interviewing and from record book of the owners and nearby government veterinary hospital. Totally 33 cows were found uterine infected (10.41%) in postpartum period. The case of pyometra was substantially higher in present study in contrast to others. The incidence of uterine infection puerperal metritis, pyometra and endometritis were 1.89%, 5.99% and 2.52% respectively. Dairy cattle calving season and parity reflected greatly on the incidence of uterine infection. Potentially significant (p<0.05) and higher incidence of uterine infection were associated with poor management system where minimum complications were found with good management practice (3.20%) compared to poor management farms. The dairy cows suffering from endometritis significantly showed prolonged days to first estrus interval, days open and number of services per conception and calving interval values (68.5±0.05 days; 115.4±0.4 days , 4.75±0.50, and 398±6 respectively) than normal healthy cows. Further researches in the near future must be directed for prevention of uterine infection, as most of effective treatments dont prevent the negative impacts of such disease upon dairy, reproduction and culling percentage within dairy herd.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(2) 107-111
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RAJAMAHENDRAN, R., B. J. KEELING, J. ROBINSON, and V. RAVINDRAN. "THE USE OF RAPID ON-FARM MILK PROGESTERONE TESTS AS AN AID TO REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT IN DAIRY CATTLE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 997–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-123.
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A field study was conducted in 11 commercial dairy herds to test the accuracy and ease of use of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for on-farm milk progesterone analysis. Milk samples were collected at milking following detection of estrus and on day 21 postbreeding. Progesterone was measured on-farm by producers using an ELISA kit and by a technician in the laboratory using a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Of the 256 samples collected at suspected estrus, estrual concentrations of progesterone (≤ 2 ng mL−1) were detected in 246 samples by the farmer and in 253 samples by laboratory analysis. Nonestrual concentrations (> 2 ng mL−1) were detected in 10 samples by the farmer and in three samples by RIA. At 21 d, there was 94% agreement between the two methods in detecting high (> 2 ng mL−1) milk progesterone concentrations (n = 149). The corresponding figure for low (≤ 2 ng mL−1) milk progesterone was 88% (n = 73). Seventy-two percent of the cows with high milk progesterone (by RIA) at 21 d were subsequently diagnosed pregnant by rectal palpation. The overall agreement between ELISA and RIA was 96.6% (453/469 samples). No significant differences were observed among farmers in their ability to perform ELISA tests on-farm. The results indicate that the ELISA kits can be used with ease by producers and are comparable in accuracy to RIA performed in the laboratory for detection/confirmation of estrus and diagnosis on nonpregnant/possibly pregnant cows at 21 d postbreeding. Key words: On-farm tests, progesterone, reproductive management, dairy cattle
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Bondezan, Maria Augusta Dorigan, Filipe Corrêa Pacheco, Ulisses de Pádua Pereira, Roberta Torres Chiderolli, Italmar Teodorico Navarro, Juliana Silva de Oliveira, Luiz Antonio Branco, et al. "Reproductive diseases in a small dairy farm and its importance in regional development." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): e1979108390. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8390.
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Losses due to low reproductive efficiency can economically affect production in a small dairy farm. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of anti-Leptospira, anti-Toxoplasma gondii, and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cows with history of reproductive problems at a small dairy farm in Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil. The evaluated herd presented with history of abortion and return to estrus. Of the 37 samples analyzed, 10 (27%) were positive in microscopic serum agglutination, with titers ranging from 100 to 400, 21 (56.75%) were positive for Toxoplasma gondii in the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT), with titers ranging from 16 to 256, and four (10.8%) were positive for Neospora caninum in IIFT, with titers ranging from 25 to 50. No variables were associated with any infection. Leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, and neosporosis are widespread in herds and may have a negative impact on reproductive parameters of dairy cattle. Periodic serological evaluations are important, as they may guide the choice of preventive disease control measures in the herd and also alert and educate small producers and the local population on the possible presence of zoonoses spread by these infectious agents, in addition, it can be concluded that infectious diseases can have negative implications on the reproductive parameters of dairy cattle causing return to heat and abortion.
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Ponsart, C., J. Gatien, B. Besognet, P. Fanuel, and P. Humblot. "35 FERTILITY AFTER FIXED-TIME AI OR INSEMINATION AT DETECTED ESTRUS FOLLOWING CIDR SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS IN FRENCH DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab35.
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The CIDR synchronization protocol was introduced in France since 2008, as a 7-day intravaginal progesterone treatment (1.38 g of progesterone) coupled with AI at detected estrus. The objective of this study was to compare the synchronization, ovulation, and conception rates following fixed-timed AI (FTAI) and AI on observed heat (HAI) following a CIDR synchronization program in dairy and beef cattle under on-farm conditions. A total of 466 females from Holstein, Limousin, and Charolais breeds were synchronized from October 2008 to March 2009, and inseminated by AI technicians from 4 French cooperatives (Amélis, CECNA, COOPELSO, Groupe Altitude) with the following inclusion criteria : heifers from 14 to 28 months old, cows with 1 to 5 calvings, interval from calving from 50 to 150 days, first breeding following calving without any complication. The CIDR device was left for a 7-day period and combined with a PGF2α injection 1 day before CIDR removal and an eCG injection at the time of CIDR removal. Cows within each herd were allocated to 2 insemination groups. In the FTAI group, a single insemination was performed 56 h after CIDR removal, whereas the females from the HAI group were inseminated once from 6 to 18 h after detected estrus. For each female, cyclicity was assessed before CIDR insertion with 2 progesterone measurements assayed 10 days apart. The CIDR device was lost in 25 females during treatment. In the remaining females, estrus synchronization was estimated from a progesterone measurement 56 h after CIDR removal. Ovulation rate following CIDR programs was determined by progesterone measurements 14 days after AI. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography on Day 35 after AI in 417 females (24 missing values). From results of cycling females prior to treatment (n = 369), synchronization rates averaged 95.6% and 94.3% in HAI and FTAI groups, respectively. Ovulation rate, calculated from 399 synchronized or noncycling females, averaged 93.4% and 91.6% in HAI and FTAI groups, respectively. Conception rate at first AI averaged 51.9% (HAI: 52.6% v. FTAI: 47.4%; P > 0.05), and conception rate following induced estrus (i.e. calculated from ovulated females only) averaged 55% (HAI: 55.3% v. FTAI: 52.2%; P > 0.05). Conception rate was mainly influenced by breed and parity, ranging from 34% in Holstein cows to 58.7% in Holstein heifers (Table 1). To conclude, fixed-time insemination can be coupled to CIDR synchronization protocols in beef and dairy cattle and can be used to as a substitute for heat detection under on-farm conditions. Table 1.Conception rates depending on breed and parity
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Widjiati, Widjiati, Trilas Sardjito, and Nenny Harijani. "PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS SAPI RAKYAT, PEMBUATAN YOGURT, PERMEN SUSU DAN MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN PACET KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO." Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v1i1.2017.40-45.
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Mojokerto Regency is a region with a good economic level. The regency has fertile land and well-preserved Majapahit Kingdom remains. In addition, it has dairy cattle farm located around Pacet Sub-district. Milk produced from this area can support economy in East Java. However, there is no increased milk sale price of dairy processing to be food with high sale price. Dairy cattle community have not been touched by technology of dairy processing to produce high sale priced food such as yoghurt, ice-cream, or dairy candies. Therefore, science and technology are needed by the community in this area to increase their productivity and income in order to create independent economy. The social service is aimed to assist the community in order to increase their income by mastering science and technology in the form of increasing the sale price of milk and creating independent economy by increasing dairy cattle productivity and giving added value of milk to be processed food such as dairy candies or yoghurt. The social service is integrated, in order to give science and technology to the community, to motivate the students and community to keep their health and to take care of their teeth. The target of the activity is to lessen the community’s burden by improving management of cattle caring and dairy cattle productivity, making processed products from milk with higher economic value, creating small scaled industry, and improving public health. The activities conducted were as follows giving trainings to make yoghurt, dairy candies or herbs, giving cattle health service to increase cattle productivity by undergoing cattle fertility examination, treating infertile cattle, doing artificial insemination to cattle in their estrous cycle, giving vitamin to increase cattle appetite, improving cattle feed quality by giving trainings to process cattle feed. Briefing and service on health was given to educate the community in order to live healthily by keeping health and taking care of teeth.The conclusion drawn from the activity conducted in Pacet Sub-district Mojokerto is training on how to make yoghurt and dairy candies is able to give added value for the community in Pacet Sub-district. Many cases on cattle reproductive disorder in Pacet Sub-district are identified, and measurement on Elementary school children’s growth is needed to monitor nutritional status of the children. AbstrakKabupaten Mojokerto merupakan daerah dengan tingkat ekonomi yang baik. Kabupaten ini memiliki lahan subur dan Kerajaan Majapahit yang terpelihara dengan baik. Selain itu, ia memiliki peternakan sapi perah yang terletak di sekitar Kecamatan Pacet. Susu yang dihasilkan dari daerah ini bisa menunjang perekonomian di Jawa Timur. Namun, tidak ada kenaikan harga jual susu olahan susu menjadi makanan dengan harga jual tinggi. Komunitas sapi perah belum tersentuh oleh teknologi pengolahan susu untuk menghasilkan makanan dengan harga jual tinggi seperti yoghurt, es krim, atau permen susu. Oleh karena itu, sains dan teknologi sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat di daerah ini untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan pendapatannya agar tercipta perekonomian mandiri. Pelayanan sosial ini bertujuan untuk membantu masyarakat dalam rangka meningkatkan pendapatan mereka dengan menguasai sains dan teknologi dalam bentuk kenaikan harga jual susu dan menciptakan ekonomi mandiri dengan meningkatkan produktivitas sapi perah dan memberi nilai tambah susu untuk diolah makanannya. seperti permen susu atau yoghurt. Pelayanan sosial terintegrasi, untuk memberi sains dan teknologi kepada masyarakat, untuk memotivasi siswa dan masyarakat agar tetap menjaga kesehatan dan merawat giginya. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah mengurangi beban masyarakat dengan meningkatkan pengelolaan produktivitas sapi dan produktivitas sapi perah, membuat produk olahan dari susu dengan nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi, menciptakan industri skala kecil, dan meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut memberikan pelatihan untuk membuat yoghurt, permen susu atau herbal, memberikan layanan kesehatan sapi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ternak dengan menjalani pemeriksaan kesuburan ternak, mengobati ternak yang tidak subur, melakukan inseminasi buatan pada ternak dalam siklus estrus mereka, memberi vitamin untuk meningkatkan ternak. nafsu makan, meningkatkan kualitas pakan ternak dengan memberikan pelatihan untuk mengolah pakan ternak. Briefing dan pelayanan kesehatan diberikan untuk mendidik masyarakat agar dapat hidup sehat dengan menjaga kesehatan dan merawat gigi. Kesimpulan yang diambil dari kegiatan yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Pacet Mojokerto adalah pelatihan bagaimana membuat yoghurt dan permen susu mampu memberi nilai tambah bagi masyarakat di Kecamatan Pacet. Banyak kasus gangguan reproduksi ternak di Kecamatan Pacet diidentifikasi, dan pengukuran pertumbuhan anak sekolah dasar diperlukan untuk memantau status gizi anak-anak.
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Luz, Gabriela Bueno, Andressa Stein Maffi, Lucas Balinhas Farias, Eduardo Goulart Xavier, Márcio Erpen Lima, Marcio Nunes Corrêa, and Cássio Cassal Brauner. "Effects of the Bull on Conception Rate of Dairy Cows in Different Seasons and According to AI Type." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.82554.
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Background: Reproductive efficiency is one of the most important factors affecting the performance dairy cattle, and fixedtime artificial insemination (TAI) is an important biotechnology factor employed in bovine livestock. The achievement of satisfactory results in TAI protocols depends of several factors, such as health and body condition, milk yield, environmental temperatures, ovulation time, semen manipulation, as well as semen quality. The goal of this study was to evaluate the conception rate of heifers and multiparous cows based on different Holstein bulls used for artificial insemination (AI). The effects of the type of management AI, animal category, and season of the year were also examined.Materials, Methods & Results: A three-year database on the reproductive management of a dairy farm was formed. All the cows and heifers were of the Holstein breed, in semi-intensive nutritional management, milked twice a day, and received a total mix ration. After 45 days in milk, when cows were observed twice daily with estrus signs, posterior artificial insemination occurred 12 h after estrus visualization was made. However, cows that were not observed in estrus were submitted to a timed artificial insemination (TAI). In this study, these fixed factors were considered: bulls utilized for the AI (totalizing 10 animals with at least 100 inseminations in each season, denoted by the letter B and a number - B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10); the season of the insemination (spring/summer being from November to April and autumn/winter from May to October), category animal (heifers, animals that never have been calved, or multiparous, animals that have already given birth more than once), and the type of AI (which included TAI using a protocol for synchronization, but cows having not necessarily shown estrus signs at the AI; ETAI: using protocol of synchronization, cows showing estrus signs at the AI; and AI with estrus visualization, without protocol of synchronization when animals were observed in estrus and were inseminated 12 h later. The fertility parameter of the bulls and reproductive performance in AI was based on conception rate. There was a statistical difference among different bulls in the same season (P ≤ 0.05). There was also a difference in reproductive performance of the same bulls between seasons, autumn/winter and spring/summer; B8 37.8% vs. 32.0% (P = 0.05) and B10 35.1% vs. 20.7% (P = 0.003). Regarding the individual animal category, only one bull (B6) demonstrated higher reproductive performance when utilized in the AI of heifers than multiparous 39.2% vs. 27.2% (P = 0.01). Similarly, regarding the effect of the type of AI, only one bull (B8) exhibited different results, obtaining better results for conception rate when utilized in fixed TAI with estrus visualization (35.5%) and in the AI with estrus visualization (39.0%) compared with that of TAI (19.9%) (P < 0.05).Discussion: From these results, it was observed that some bulls exhibited better performance in situations of greater challenge. In addition, some animals presented variation in efficiency with the demonstration of estrus or not. Therefore, bulls that present semen with higher fertility in certain types of AI could be utilized on a larger scale for to increase the reproductive rates in artificial insemination. The results of this study indicate that despite the tests indicating the semen that is submitted is adequate, there are still variations in quality and the reproductive efficiency of each bull. With the effects varying based on fertility and on different environmental and management situations.
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Bonev, G. "Application of P4 rapid test and exogenous source of progesterone in prevention of early embryonic death in dairy cows." Agricultural Science and Technology, Volume 13, Issue 1 (March 2021): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2021.01.004.
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Abstract. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the percent of cows with low P4 at Day 7-8 post-AI; 2) to treat the animal with low progesterone for 14 days with a P4-releasing intravaginal device (PRID DELTA); 3) to analyze the influence of P4 exogenous supplementation on pregnancy rate in treated and non-treated cows and 4) to create a protocol using “P4 Rapid” test allowing increased pregnancy rate under farm conditions. For this purpose, the current study has been conducted on 155 repeat breeding Holstein cows (<3 artificially inseminated – AI) with prolonged estrus cycle (<26 days). At day 7 and 8 post-AI, the milk progesterone levels were measured (P4 Rapid test). The cows with low P4 (n=104 or 67%) were divided into two groups each n=52. In Group I the progesterone devices were inserted for two weeks and control Group II without progesterone devices. At days 40 and 50 post artificial insemination (AI) all animals (n=104) were submitted to ultrasound pregnancy detection. Pregnancy was registered in 27 animals (51.9%) for Group 1, and in 16 cows (30.7%) for Group II. P4 Rapid is a quick, easy and practically applicable test to measure milk progesterone levels in dairy farms. The method is highly accurate and detects animals with low or high P4 at Day 7-8 after insemination. It also allows identification of conditions such as ovarian cysts, ovarian hypofunction and distinguishing of cycling and non-cycling cows. The combination of P4 measurement by P4 Rapid test and treatment with exogenous P4 to increase circulating concentrations in the first few days after conception can prevent embryo death and improve reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle.
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H., Gatew, Zewde T., Kassa G., Chanyalew Y., and Gazu L. "Factors influencing the success of on-farm estrus synchronization of dairy cattle in North Shewa Zone, Amahara Region, Ethiopia." International Journal of Livestock Production 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijlp2017.0408.
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Steel, R., and J. F. Hasler. "120PREGNANCY RATES RESULTING FROM TRANSFER OF FRESH AND FROZEN HOLSTEIN AND JERSEY EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab120.
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Although it has not been documented in published studies, embryo transfer (ET) practitioners have suggested that embryos from Jersey (JE) cattle do not survive freezing as well as embryos from other dairy breeds such as Holsteins (HO). The present study represents a retrospective analysis of pregnancy rates achieved following transfer of fresh and frozen embryos from Jersey and Holstein donors. In addition, a retrospective comparison was made of two different embryo-freezing protocols for each breed of cattle. Embryos were collected nonsurgically 7 to 7.5 days post-estrus from superovulated donors on 57 Holstein and 27 Jersey dairy farms over a 15-year period. Fresh and frozen-thawed embryos were transferred nonsurgically into cows and heifers following either natural or prostaglandin-induced estrus. Embryos were frozen either in 10% glycerol (Gly) or 1.5M ethylene glycol (EG) in 0.25mL straws. Following equilibration, straws were seeded at −6 to −7°C and temperature was maintained for 10 min and then decreased at 0.6°Cper min. Straws were plunged into liquid nitrogen at −32 to −35°C. At thawing, straws were held in the air for 7s and then submerged in 29°C water for 15s. Embryos frozen in EG were transferred immediately following thawing. Embryos frozen in Gly were rehydrated in a standard 3-step Gly-sucrose system prior to being transferred. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at Days 40 to 90 of gestation. As seen in the Table 1, pregnancy rates were similar for fresh embryos from both HO and JE cattle. Also, there were no differences in pregnancy rates between recipients that received embryos frozen in Gly or EG within donors of either breed. However, JE embryos frozen in either Gly or EG resulted in lower pregnancy rates than did HO embryos frozen in Gly or EG. Embryo stage at freezing was tracked for EG but not Gly embryos. There were no differences in pregnancy rates among morulae, early blastocysts or mid-blastocysts for either HO or JE embryos frozen in EG. The differences in embryo survival may be due to different lipid composition of embryos of the two breeds. Perhaps a more efficacious freezing protocol can be developed for cryopreservation of JE embryos. In conclusion, pregnancy rates with cryopreserved HO embryos were higher than with JE embryos. Table 1
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Rodrigues, C. A., A. A. Teixeira, R. M. Ferreira, H. Ayres, A. L. Ranieri, B. G. Freitas, and P. S. Baruselli. "180 PREGNANCY LOSS (BETWEEN 30 AND 60 DAYS) IN HIGH-PRODUCING REPEAT-BREEDER HOLSTEIN COWS SUBMITTED TO EMBRYO TRANSFER." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab180.
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Reproductive efficiency has a major impact on profitability of dairy farms. Pregnancy loss in cattle is one of the major impediments for adequate reproductive performance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with pregnancy loss between 30 and 60 days of gestation in high-producing repeat-breeder (>4 services) Holstein cows submitted to embryo transfer (ET). A retrospective analysis was performed using data from 1 commercial dairy farm, located in Descalvado, Brazil (22°01′27″S; 47°53′19″L). Overall, 2096 ET were analyzed from 2004 to 2008. High-producing Holstein cows from the same herd were used as embryo donors. Embryos were produced by superovulation using the same protocol (8 decreasing injection of FSH) and were transferred, either fresh or frozen-thawed, to repeat-breeder Holstein recipients 6, 7, or 8 days after estrus (synchrony of Day 1, Day 0, or Day 1 with the donor, respectively). Statistical analysis was performed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Variables included in the model were synchrony between recipient and donor at ET day, fresh and frozen-thawed embryos, stage of embryo development, and embryo quality. All cows were examined for pregnancy by ultrasonography 23 and 53 days after ET (30 and 60 days of pregnancy). There was no effect of year. The pregnancy loss was greater (P = 0.005) for fresh (22.9%, 141/615) v. frozen-thawed embryos (19.4%, 288/1481). Also, pregnancy loss was influenced (P = 0.002) by the synchrony between recipient and donor at ET day [Day -1:18.3% (53/290); Day 0: 18.9% (233/1234); D1: 24.9% (144/578)]. However, there was no difference in pregnancy loss when the stages of embryo development [morula: 20.7% (295/1428); early blastocyst: 18.9% (67/355); blastocyst: 23.0% (59/256); expanded blastocyst: 14.0% (8/57; P = 0.31)] and embryo quality [grade 1: 17.6% (78/443); grade 2: 20.1% (216/1073); grade 3: 23.3% (135/580); P = 0.31] were compared. In conclusion, pregnancy loss was greater in high-producing repeat-breeder Holstein cows receiving fresh embryos compared to frozen-thawed embryos and when Day 1 recipients were used compared to Day -1 and Day 0. Agrindus S/A.
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Seker, Ibrahim, Ali Risvanli, Mehmet Calicioglu, Gokhan Kursad Incili, and Nevzat Saat. "Effects of Different Estrous Synchronization Methods on the Composition of Simmental Cow’s Milk." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45, no. 1 (August 31, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80448.
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Background: Estrous synchronization is one of the primary applications performed to improve the fertility and to consolidate the parturition times in dairy cattle farms. Since the primary objective is to increase fertility regardless of the method of synchronization used, the effect of this process on the udder health and the quality of milk is generally ignored. Therefore, in the present study, the aim was to investigate the effect of different estrous synchronization methods t on the milk quality in a dairy cattle farm.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, a total of 100 Simmental cows the same farm under good management practices were used. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 25 cows each. The animals in the 1st group were used as a control group without any treatment. Progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) was inserted to the animals in the 2nd group, double dose of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2-alpha) with 11 days apart was applied to the animals in the 3rd group, and the Ovsynch protocol was applied to the animals in the 4th group. Starting from the first day of the applications, milk samples from each milk tank belonging to the groups were taken, kept frozen for 3 months and analyzed for the levels of fat, nonfat solids, density, protein, lactose and minerals over the course of one month. According to the results, the minimum milk fat content was found in the PRID group as 2.47 ± 0.354%, and the highest value was in the PGF2-alpha group as 3.58 ± 0.207%. The difference in milk fat ratio between the groups was found to be significant (P < .05). However, the differences between the groups for other parameters were not significant (P > .05).Discussion: Among the reasons for the low values of the milk fat rates obtained in the present study than the mean values of all lactation milk fat rates of the Simmental breed, the effect of the lactation period in which the milk samples were collected comes to mind. Because, as we know, the first 45-60 day period following the start of lactation after parturition in cattle is accepted as the period in which daily milk yield reaches to the maximum level of the lactation period. This period lasts for a certain period of time, and then starts to decrease gradually. Among the non-hereditary factors, the most important factor causing changes in the composition of the milk and its amount is the lactation period. In this study, the significant difference in the milk fat rates between the control and the application groups is quite remarkable compared to the low level of milk fat rates in the milk in all groups. According to the multiple comparison test results to determine which groups these differences arise from, the difference was found to be particularly between the PGF2-alpha group and PRID group. In this study, no significant effects of different synchronization methods on all components of the milk except the milk fat and the density values were determined. But results indicate that Ovsynch group was the synchronization group that caused the minimum change in milk fat compared to the other groups.
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JAŚKOWSKI, JĘDRZEJ M., JULITA KMIECIK, ALEKSANDRA KIERBIĆ, MAGDALENA HERUDZIŃSKA, and MAGDALENA WOŹNA-WYSOCKA. "Automatic systems for heat detection in cows as a tool for improving herd management." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 7 (2018): 5989–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5989.
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There are at least several ways of detecting bovine heat, which vary in accuracy, as well as in the effort and cost associated with the implementation and operation of equipment designed for this purpose. Heat in cows can be most easily detected by thorough and systematic observation of animals in the herd. Other methods include the measurements of vaginal mucosal resistance, the fitting of balloons with paint at the base of the tail or on the back, temperature measurements in the vagina, rumen and milk, and determination of progesterone levels in milk and blood. Currently, controlled breeding programmes, including timed artificial insemination (TAI) and automated estrus detection (AED) or activity monitoring system (AMS), are routinely introduced in high-performance dairy herds. Most of the commercially available heat detection devices are based on accelerometers or pedometers. These devices are capable of detecting heat in 81.4% to 91.3% of cows. The sensitivity of heat detection was 58.9% for accelerometers (Heatime), 63.3% for pedometers (SAE Afikim, Kibbutz Afikim, Israel), 56.7% for KaMaR markers and 35.9% for heat detectors (Scratchcard). When two of the three systems were combined (different combinations), the sensitivity increased to 75.9%. Similarly, after adding visual detection, sensitivity increased to 96% and specificity to 90% (for visual observation combined with AMS). Activity monitoring systems are a proven tool for improving the management of cows. They are an alternative to reproductive management based solely on traditional methods of detecting ovulation or hormone programmes (TAI) and they respect the well-being of animals. It seems, however, that further improvement in cows’ fertility on industrial cattle farms will be achieved by combining several different methods of heat detection and synchronization, rather than by using a single modern heat detection system..
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Okazaki, T., E. Sasaki, K. Hasegawa, T. Takani, and S. Abe. "213 THE EFFECT OF eCG TREATMENT IN AN ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOL ON PREGNANCY RATES AFTER EMBRYO TRANSFER IN HOLSTEIN HEIFERS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab213.
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Recent studies have shown that the presence of accessory or multiple corpora lutea (CL) and increased progesterone (P4) concentrations reduced early embryonic mortality in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) treatment on the number of CL, the P4 concentrations, and pregnancy rates after embryo transfer (ET). Holstein heifers (n = 120) from 7 dairy farms received an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (CIDR; InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand) and 2 mg IM of estradiol benzoate (EB; Gynandol®; Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) at random stages of the estrous cycle. After 7 to 9 days, CIDRs were removed and 15 mg of prostaglandin F2α (PG; Pronalgon®; Pfizer Japan, Nagoya, Japan) were administered, followed by 100 µg IM GnRH (Conceral®; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) 2 days later (Day 0). The heifers were placed at random into 3 groups for eCG treatment. The eCG was not administered in a control group (n = 53); heifers in other 2 groups received 1000 IU eCG (Peamex®; Sankyo, Japan) IM at the time (0 h group, n = 37) or 48 h before (48 h group, n = 30) PG injection/CIDR removal. On Day 7, heifers were examined by ultrasonography (Aloka SSD500; Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) for number of CL; heifers with at least one functional CL received an in vivo-derived frozen–thawed embryo by direct transfer. At the same time, a blood sample was collected to determine P4 concentration. Pregnancy rates were determined on Days 30 and 60 by ultrasonography and rectal palpation, respectively. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and means were compared with Fisher's PLSD. Proportional data were analyzed by the chi-square test. P4 concentrations (mean ± SD) on Day 7 were 1.8 ± 1.0, 5.6 ± 3.3, and 2.2 ± 1.1 ng mL−1 for the control, 48 h, and 0 h groups, respectively (48 h vs. control and 0 h; P < 0.001). The number of CL on Day 7 were 1.1 ± 0.4, 2.5 ± 1.4, and 1.8 ± 0.9 for the control, 48 h, and 0 h groups, respectively (control vs. 48 h and 0 h, and 48 h vs. 0 h; P < 0.01). Pregnancy rates did not differ between 0 and 48 h groups but both were higher than in the control group (Table 1). Results suggest that the estrus synchronization protocol with administration of eCG at the time of CIDR removal or 48 h earlier significantly increased the number of CL and the P4 concentration, and improved pregnancy rates in Holstein heifers after ET. Table 1.Pregnancy rates of Holstein heifers synchronized with CIDR and PG and treated with eCG
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Ayres, H., R. M. Ferreira, M. C. Wiltbank, and P. S. Baruselli. "203 EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE OR EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN DURING THE PROTOCOL FOR TIMED AI IN HIGH-PRODUCING HOLSTEIN COWS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab203.
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Programs that allow timed AI (TAI) have been used to improve reproductive efficiency in dairy herds; however, in many cases pregnancies per AI (P/AI) during these programs remain suboptimal. In the present experiment, it was hypothesized that treatment with FSH or eCG at the time of the PGF2 treatment of the TAI protocol would increase fertility in dairy cattle. This experiment was performed in June 2008 (winter) and January 2009 (summer) on 2 commercial dairy farms located in southeast Brazil. On a random day of the estrous cycle (Day 0), 694 cows at 196 ± 138 days in milk (DIM) received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (RICB®, Tecnopec, São Paulo, Brazil) i.m. and a releasing intravaginal device (P4; Primer®, Tecnopec), which was removed on Day 8 when 150 μg of PGF (Prolise®, ARSA, Buenos Aires, Argentina) i.m. were administered. At this time, the cows were stratified by days in milk (DIM), parity, number of insemination, milk production, presence of a CL on Day 0, and body condition score (BCS) and were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: control (n = 232), consisting of no additional treatment; eCG (n = 232), consisting of 400 IU of eCG (Folligon®, Intervet, São Paulo, Brazil); and FSH (n = 230), consisting of 20 mg of FSH (Folltropin®, Bioniche, Belleville, Ontario, Canada). All cows received GnRH (100 μg of gonadorelin; Fertagyl®, Intervet) and were TAI 56 h after the removal of the device. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 and 60 days after TAI. Also, a subset of animals (n = 89) was submitted to ultrasonographic exams to evaluate the diameter of the ovulatory follicles (ØOF), time to ovulation after P4 removal (TOV), and ovulation rate (OR). Statistical analyses were performed with logistic regression by PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). There were no interactions of treatment with DIM, parity, number of insemination, BCS, locomotion score, sire, batch, inseminator, farm, or month; therefore, these variables were removed from the statistical model. The overall P/AI was different between treatments at 30 days after TAI [control = 28.0% (65/232), eCG = 29.7% (69/232), and FSH = 18.7% (43/230); P = 0.01], but not at 60 days [control = 21.6% (50/232), eCG = 24.1% (56/232), and FSH = 16.1% (37/230); P = 0.08]. Pregnancy loss was also similar among treatments [control = 23.1% (15/65), eCG = 18.8% (13/69), and FSH = 14.0% (6/43); P = 0.08]. In addition, the treatments (control, eCG, and FSH, respectively) were not different among ØOF (13.78 ± 0.52; 14.50 ± 0.59; and 15.35 ± 0.69 mm; P = 0.15); TOV (82.50 ± 2.14; 78.48 ± 2.35; and 78.96 ± 2.39 h after P4 withdrawal; P = 0.30); or OR [82.76% (24/29); 83.33% (25/30); and 83.33% (25/30); P = 0.44]. Thus, these data do not indicate a major fertility-enhancing effect of a single eCG or FSH treatment during protocol for TAI in high-producing dairy cows, contrary to the hypothesis of the present study. Tecnopec, Fazenda Campestre, Agrindus S/A, Echoa e Nutricell Nutrientes Celulares.
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Borusiewicz, Andrzej. "Technological Preconditions in Dairy Farms." Agricultural Engineering 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2017-0016.
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AbstractThe paper presents the impact of the applied technologies on milk yield of cows in dairy farms. The scope of the research covered technical equipment used in the dairy cattle breeding and milking in 50 farms on the area of Grajewo Province in Podlaskie Voivodeship. The studies were carried out in 2016 with the diagnostic survey method based on the interview questionnaire developed for this purpose. The studies proved that 68% of the respondents from Grajewo Province maintain cattle in a stanchion-tide stable system and the remaining 32% in a free stall system. The group (48%) of the surveyed farmers maintain animals on a deep litter and 34% of them use shallow litter. In case of 18% of the investigated farms, animals are maintained on a slatted floor. In case of 68% of the investigated farms their owners feed cattle in the TMR system while the remaining 32% do it traditionally. The analysed farms in milk production use mainly pipeline milking machines (38%) and bucket milking machines (36%). 22% of the investigated farms have a milking parlour and 4% own a milking robot. A statistical analysis proved a significant correlation between the maintenance system of animals, number of lairs in a cow shed, TMR feeding of cattle, manner of obtaining milk and milk yield of cows.
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Tibary, Ahmed, Cristian Patino, and Michela Ciccarelli. "SYNCHRONIZATION OF ESTRUS AND OVULATION IN DAIRY CATTLE." SPERMOVA 9, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0007.01.
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Banuvalli, Nagappa, M. Harisha, P. M. Gururaj, B. U. Umesh, B. G. Veeranna Gowda, and G. T. Gopala. "Heat (Estrus) Detection Techniques in Dairy Farms-A Review." Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of Reproduction in all Animals 5, no. 2 (2015): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-3371.2015.00013.3.
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Topcu, Yavuz, Mehmet Toparlak, and Muhlis Macit. "Impacts of Nutrition and Feeding Programs on Farmers’ Management Decisions Affecting the Success of Dairy Farms with Culture Breed Cattle." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (February 10, 2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i2.66-72.546.
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The aim of the study is to evaluate all the factors determining the milk production and yield decisions with regard to the nutrition and feeding programs affecting the integrated management strategies on the success of the dairy farms with culture breed cattle under the pasture-based and indoor barn-based production systems. For these aims, data obtained from the individual interviews conducted at the dairy farms with 100 culture breed cattle were used for Principal Component and Multiple Regression Analyses. The results of the study highlighted that while there were linear positive relationships among liquid assets of farms value, concentrate feed and fodder intake of dairy cattle, milk sale price, forage crop support, additional feeding and their types at pasture and milk yields per dairy cattle at the dairy farms; there were inverse relationships among hay intake of dairy cattle, lactation period, pasture planning, culture breed cattle support and those. The farmers could increase the successes of the dairy farms by increasing the technical and economic effectiveness under the integrated management pattern approaches at those with culture breed cattle.
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Prasetyo, Edy, Titik Ekowati, and Dian Wahyu Harjanti. "THE EFFECT OF AGRIBUSINESS SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION TO DAIRY CATTLE FARMS PRODUCTIVITY IN SEMARANG REGENCY." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 4, no. 2 (August 12, 2020): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v4i2.7216.
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The purposes of study were to examine the agribusiness system implementation of the dairy cattle farms; the average productions of dairy cattle and to analyse the effect of agribusiness system implementation on dairy cattle farm productivity. The study used survey methods and as elementary units were the dairy cattle farmers. The sample was determined by the Purposive quota sampling method towards 69 dairy cattle farmers. Data collected were primary and secondary data. Data were analysed using qualitative descriptive, quantitative descriptive, and inferencial statistic methods (multiple linear regression). The result showed that: (i) the agribusiness implementation system was in good category with score 3.97; (ii) the average business scale of dairy cattle farms was 3.74 head/farmer with composition of lactation dairy cattle and non-lactation dairy cattle was 42.25% and 57.75% respectively, and the milk productivity was 9.05 lt/head/day; (iii) Simultaneously, agribusiness subsystem was significant influenced to cow's milk productivity, while in partial term, the preproduction subsystem, agribusiness support access subsystem, and agribusiness planning were a significant effect on the productivity of dairy cattle farms, while the livestock business management subsystem was no significant effect.
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Іlyashenko, G. D. "DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN KIROVOGRAD REGION." Animal Breeding and Genetics 57 (April 24, 2019): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.57.08.
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Dairy cattle breeding is one of the leading livestock sectors whose purpose is to ensure the production of high quality dairy raw materials in volumes meeting the scientifically grounded standards of state food security and expanding the export potential of the agrarian sector.
The purpose of our research was to study the status and prospects of dairy cattle breeding in the Kirovograd region.
Material and methods of research. The research was carried out on the basis of the electronic database of breeding goals (including 2312 cows), official statistics and estimates of cattle of various breeds that are involved in the production of dairy direction in the breeding farms of the Kirovograd region. The analysis used zootechnical and statistical methods. The calculations were carried out using the software package "STATISTICA-6,1"
Results. According to the research (2001–2018), the cattle population in the Kirovograd oblast decreased by a factor of 2.6. Thus, as of January 1, 2018, its number constituted 96.3 thousand heads in all categories of farms, 53.1 thousand of them were cows, the number of which also decreased by 2.4 times. Specific gravity of cattle population of farms remains significant and makes up 72.7%, and 80.6% in the livestock of cows. The largest number of cows of agricultural enterprises declined significantly. Thus, as of January 1, 2018, their number was 10.3 thousand goals, which is 4.7 times less than in the same period of 2001. In the households there is also a tendency for a permanent reduction of cows, the difference is, respectively, 37.0 thousand heads or 46.4%
The development of dairy cattle breeding is characterized by two opposite tendencies: reduction of livestock of cows and increase of their productivity. Thus, in agricultural enterprises in 2010, compared to 2000, hopes per cow increased by 2.5 times, in all categories of farms by 1.8 times. In 2017, the increase in dairy costs in agricultural enterprises compared to 2010 amounted to 60.0% in farms of all categories 12.2%.
The researches found that in the agricultural enterprises of the oblast as of January 1, 2018 there are 26256 head of cattle, including 10281 cows. The breeding part of the existing cows is 3.013 heads, 29.3% of the total number located in 10 breeding farms.
The analysis of the genealogy structure showed that the experimental population of cows belongs to 18 lines and related groups of which the most numerous Chifa 1427381 – 20.4%, Starbuck 352790 – 20.1%, Henev 1629391 – 18.6% , Eleusis 1491007 – 11.2%, Family 267150 – 10.8%.
Among the indicated lines, the lowest level of milk productivity was first-born cows. The 1491007, the milk of milk for 305 days of lactation was 4466 ± 99.8 kg, and the milk fat was 168.2 ± 6.5 kg. Analogues l Starbak 352779 was characterized by the highest milk productivity, its level was 5696 + 98.8 kg and 224.9 ± 9.7 kg, respectively. The difference in stomach was 1230 ± 140.4 kg (td = 10.2) and at the release of milk fat 56.7 ± 5.28 kg (td = 10.2) at P < 0.001. However, the latter were markedly less service life (125 against 168 days) and logically higher reproduction rate compared to other lines.
An analysis of the intensity of the formation of live weight of young animals has been established for its highest growth in heifers of controlled herds in the period from 9 to 12 months. Thus, in animals of Ukrainian red breed, the growth rate of live weight during this period was 75 kg, Ukrainian red-shrimp 61 kg, Ukrainian black-and-white 73 kg, Holstein 76 kg. Accordingly, during this period, the average daily gain of live weight of young breeds of these breeds was 833 g; 678 g; 811 g, 835 g. The sharp fluctuations of average daily increments during growing periods, first of all, testify to the unequal conditions of growing and feeding young animals than the breed differences. In general, as a result of the analysis of the formation of live weight of heifers, a significant level of phenotypic variability was observed, which confirms sufficient genetic resources and preconditions for selection on the given sign.
Therefore, proceeding from the above, in the long run, selection work for breeding improvement of cattle breeding farms of the Kirovograd region should be conducted in accordance with certain promising directions according to groups of breeds.
Conclusions. A very important factor in the growth of milk production in the Kirovograd region is high-yield pedigree cattle. The main task on the way of bringing breeding cases in dairy farming to the modern level is the introduction of computer breeding records in breeding farms. This will allow to estimate in the near future bulls-pedigrees, which were used in the past in these farms, to allocate among them complex improvers for precisely the specific conditions and maximally attract them for reproduction. On the other hand, a reliable clogging of poor quality in the genetic sense of sperm production, which leads to negative consequences, will be posed.
When establishing the assessment of the breeding value of bulls and developing a single plan of breeding and breeding work in the region, one can proceed to the next step of improving breeding and breeding business, introducing a progressive method of raising the breeding value of animals of large-scale breeding. As a result, the profit from the breeding of highly productive animals, well adapted to specific conditions, will significantly exceed the costs. At the same time, the proposed measures will allow the breeding business to be brought up to the modern world level and stimulate highly productive cattle breeding.
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Keidāne, Dace, Anna Krūklīte, and Alīna Derbakova. "Prevalent Parasitosis in Beef and Dairy Cattle Farms in Vidzeme Region." Rural Sustainability Research 34, no. 329 (December 1, 2015): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plua-2015-0009.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the beef and dairy cow parasitosis epizootic situation in Vidzeme region. Research was done throughout Vidzeme territory during the period of the years 2013-2014. The total number of animals examined was: 273 dairy and 90 young beef cattle aged from 6 months to two years and 248 dairy and 29 beef cows older than two years. For the diagnosis of helminthes standardized ovoscopic and larvoscopic methods were used. For the diagnosis of protozoa flotation and modified Ziehl-Neelsen methods were used. The main species in the samples were Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp. and Strongylus spp. In the young dairy and beef cattle aged from 6 months to two years and cattle older than two years Cryptosporidium spp. invasion accordingly was 32.6% and 19% (dairy cattle) and 62.2% and 65.5% (beef cattle); the invasion of Eimeria spp. 30% and 7.3% (dairy cattle) and 55.6% and 10.3% (beef cattle); and the invasion of Strongylus spp. was 17.6% and 13.7% (dairy cattle) and 43.3% and 27.6% (beef cattle). Both dairy and beef cattle were infected with Moniezia spp., Paramphistomum spp., Strongyloides spp. Dairy cows aged from 6 months to two years had Trichuris spp., Dictyocaulus spp. and Neoscaris spp. invasion.
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Tutkun, Muhittin, Muzaffer Denli, and Abdullah Sessiz. "Diyarbakır İli Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinin Yapısal Durum Analizi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 5 (June 4, 2017): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i5.476-483.933.
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This study was carried out to investigate the structure of dairy farms such as demographic information, management practises, production values, marketing of milk and milk products in Diyarbakır province. In the study, face to face interviews were realized with the 192 dairy farms having 25 and more cattle including 17 district. According to the data collected, dairy enterprises in the region consisted of family based enterprises (90%), cooperative enterprises (7%) and private dairy farms (3%). Cattle breeds distribution in enterprises consist of 12% native breeds, 25% cross- breeds and 63% pure breeds. In dairy enterprises, distribution of cattle was found as 59.7 % of cow, 11.8 % of heifer, 26.1 % of calf, and 2.4 % of bull. The average number of cattle and milking cow per farm were found as 46.7 and 27.8 heads respectively. The type of dairy barns was determined as tie-stall (89%), semi-open (8%) and free-stall (%3) in the cattle enterprises. The average size of land 56% of dairy farm was found under the 50 decares. The 92% of the dairy enterprises declared that the income from dairy was insufficient and 86% were not satisfied as well. The 23% of the farms are used the artificial insemination only. In the herd, 71% of cows were milked by hand and 29% by milking machine. It was found that only 6% of farms sold their milk to dairy factories. This research is important in terms of providing an important data base relating to dairy farming in Diyarbakir province
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SAYIN, Zafer, Aslı SAKMANOĞLU, Uçkun Sait UÇAN, Ali USLU, Hasan Hüseyin HADİMLİ, Zeki ARAS, Özgür ÖZDEMİR, and Osman ERGANİŞ. "Mycoplasma infections in dairy cattle farms in Turkey." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 40 (2016): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1602-82.
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Hakkinen, M., and M. L. Hänninen. "Shedding ofCampylobacterspp. in Finnish cattle on dairy farms." Journal of Applied Microbiology 107, no. 3 (September 2009): 898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04269.x.
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Villar, Ana, and Marta López-Alonso. "Udder health in organic dairy cattle in Northern Spain." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 13, no. 3 (August 28, 2015): e0503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2015133-6610.
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<p>This paper presents first data on the udder health status of organic dairy farms in Northern Spain and analyses some management and productive characteristics related to milk production comparing with the conventional sector. Five certified organic farms from the Cantabrian Region were monitored monthly from February 2006 to January 2008 and individual samples of all lactating cows were taken from parturition to the end of lactation. Although organic farms in our study showed a great individual variability, overall these were small (<50 lactating cows) traditional farms, with a high degree of pasture (66-82% dry matter intake) and a milk production (average milk yield: 5950 L) 23% lower compared with the reference conventional sector (<50 cow farms). The organic farms had higher (<em>p</em><0.05) average number of calves per cow (3.93) and a lower number of first-lactation cows (16.9%) than the comparable conventional farms (2.47 calves per cow and 33.1% first-lactation cows). Organic farms showed higher (<em>p</em><0.05) somatic cell counts (SCC) than the reference conventional farms (mean log<sub>10</sub>±SD for all cows: 5.25±0.49 and 5.06±0.59, respectively). Detailed analysis of the SCC depending on the number of lactation and % of monthly SCC tests with linear scores indicative of udder infection suggest that while the heifers’ sanitary condition at the beginning of their productive cycle was similar in both types of farms, this seems to become worse along the productive cycle in the organics. This could be related to a low use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and treatment of udder infections and merits further investigation.</p>
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Steverink, Maurits H. A., Ab F. Groen, and Paul B. M. Berentsen. "The influence of environmental policies for dairy farms on dairy cattle breeding goals." Livestock Production Science 40, no. 3 (December 1994): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(94)90093-0.
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Singhla, Tawatchai, Sukolrat Boonyayatra, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Kimberly L. VanderWaal, Julio Alvarez, Srinand Sreevatsan, Somphorn Phornwisetsirikun, Jamnong Sankwan, Mongkol Srijun, and Scott J. Wells. "Factors Affecting Herd Status for Bovine Tuberculosis in Dairy Cattle in Northern Thailand." Veterinary Medicine International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2964389.
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The objective of this case-control study was to identify farm-level risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in dairy cows in northern Thailand. Spatial analysis was performed to identify geographical clustering of case-farms located in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai provinces in northern Thailand. To identify management factors affecting bTB status, a matched case-control study was conducted with 20 case-farms and 38 control-farms. Case-farms were dairy farms with at least single intradermal tuberculin test- (SIT-) reactor(s) in the farms during 2011 to 2015. Control-farms were dairy farms with no SIT-reactors in the same period and located within 5 km from case-farms. Questionnaires were administered for data collection with questions based on epidemiological plausibility and characteristics of the local livestock industry. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions. A significant geographic cluster was identified only in Chiang Mai province (p<0.05). The risk factor associated with presence of SIT-reactors in dairy herds located in this region was purchasing dairy cows from dealers (OR = 5.85, 95% CI = 1.66–20.58, and p=0.006). From this study, it was concluded that geographic clustering was identified for dairy farms with SIT-reactors in these provinces, and the cattle movements through cattle dealers increased the risks for SIT-reactor farm status.
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Taddei, Simone, Giovanni Moreno, Clotilde Silvia Cabassi, Emiliana Schiano, Costanza Spadini, and Sandro Cavirani. "Leptospira Seroprevalence in Colombian Dairy Herds." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030785.
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Leptospirosis in cattle has important economic effects on the infected farms. Moreover, livestock farming is considered a major occupational risk factor for the transmission of Leptospira infection to humans. A survey was performed to determine the overall and within-herd seroprevalence and mapping of different Leptospira serovars in dairy cattle from farms located in some municipalities of the Colombian department of Boyacá. Nine hundred and fifty-nine animals, from 20 unvaccinated and one vaccinated herd, were included in the study. Anti-Leptospira serum antibodies were detected by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Only one herd was seronegative. Overall seroprevalence to at least one serovar of Leptospira was 24.1% for unvaccinated animals and 62.3% for animals from the vaccinated herd. A very high within-herd seroprevalence (>60%) was present in 20% of the unvaccinated herds. The presence in the vaccinated herd of 20/398 animals showing high titers, between 1000 and 4000, to at least one serovar of Leptospira suggest that some animals could have been infected. Moreover, due to the presence of seronegative animals, a failure of vaccination immunity or the presence of unvaccinated animals in the vaccinated herd cannot be excluded. In all farms, domestic animals other than cattle were present. Considering the farming practices occurring on dairy farms in the study area, higher hygienic standards and stricter biosecurity measures are suggested.
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Ondho, Y. S., F. A. Akbar, D. A. Lestari, and D. Samsudewa. "Level of sodium chloride (NaCl) and profile of cervical mucus of dairy cattle at various age synchronized by prostaglandine." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 44, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.44.4.364-371.
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Objectives of this study were to compare the percentage of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and cervical mucus profile which includes potential of Hydrogen (pH), abundance of cervical mucus, spinnbarkeit and ferning of dairy cattle at different age during estrus cycle. Thirty Two head of dairy cattle were used as materials which are 2 years old (n = 2), 3 years old (n = 18), 4 years old (n = 8) and 5 years old (n=4). Dairy cattle were estrus synchronized using 50 mg/head of prostaglandin. Data was collected on 48, 72, 78, 84, 90, 120, 144 and 408 hours after prostaglandin administration. The data were analyzed by using non parametric statistic which was Kruskal-Wallis H test. The significant data was tested with Mann-Whitney U test. The result showed that the abundance of cervical mucus was significantly different (P<0.05; χ2 = 0.011) on 84 hours after estrus synchronization. However, level of NaCl, abundance, spinnbarkeit and ferning of cervical mucus was not sigificantly different. In conclusion, the age of dairy cattle did not affected to the condition NaCl percentage, spinnbarkeit, pH and ferning of cervical mucus, but affected to the abundance of cervical mucus on 84 hours after adminitration of prostaglandine.
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COBBAUT, K., D. BERKVENS, K. HOUF, R. DE DEKEN, and L. DE ZUTTER. "Escherichia coli O157 Prevalence in Different Cattle Farm Types and Identification of Potential Risk Factors." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 1848–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.9.1848.
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Although the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 on cattle farms has been examined extensively, the relationship between this pathogen and farm type has been established only rarely. A large-scale study was designed to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157 in the Flemish region of Belgium on farms of dairy cattle, beef cattle, mixed dairy and beef cattle, and veal calves. The effect of various factors on the occurrence at the pen level also was evaluated. In 2007, 180 farms were randomly selected based on region, farm size, and number of animals purchased and were examined using the overshoe sampling method. When possible, overshoes used in areas containing animals in three different age categories (<8 months, 8 to 30 months, and >30 months) were sampled on each farm. In total, 820 different pens were sampled and analyzed for the presence of E. coli O157 by enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, and plating on selective agar. Presumptive E. coli O157 colonies were identified using a multiplex PCR assay for the presence of the rfbO157 and fliCH7 genes. The statistical analysis was carried out with Stata SE/10.0 using a generalized linear regression model with a logit link function and a binomial error distribution. The overall farm prevalence of E. coli O157 was 37.8% (68 of 180 farms). The highest prevalence was found on dairy cattle farms (61.2%, 30 of 49 farms). The prevalences on beef, mixed dairy and beef, and veal calf farms were 22.7% (17 of 75 farms), 44.4% (20 of 45 farms), and 9.1% (1 of 11 farms), respectively. A significant positive correlation between age category and E. coli O157 prevalence was found only on mixed dairy and beef farms and dairy farms. No influence of farm size or introduction of new animals was demonstrated.
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Rizki, Andaru, Pudji Srianto, Endang Suprihati, Trilas Sardjito, Ismudiono Ismudiono, and Mohammad Anam Al Arif. "PENGARUH pH LENDIR MUKOSA VAGINA SAAT BIRAHI TERHADAP PERSENTASE KEBUNTINGAN (Conception Rate) PADA SAPI PERAH DI KUD TANI WILIS KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG DAN KSU TUNAS SETIA BARU KABUPATEN PASURUAN." Ovozoa : Journal of Animal Reproduction 8, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ovz.v8i2.2019.154-158.
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The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of mucos acidity of vaginal mucous when estrus towards conception rate at KUD Tani Wilis Tulungagung District and KSU Tunas Setia Baru Pasuruan District. Measured samples were taken from 30 dairy cattles in each KUD. Mucos acidity of vaginal mucous were obtained by using a digital acidity meter before insemination was done on dairy cattle. After measuring the acidity from mucosal vagina mucous, artificial insemination has done on estrus dairy cattle. On the 60th day after insemination, rectal palpation was done to check the conception rate. Research result from 30 dairy cattle on each KUD showed that mucos acidity of vaginal mucous has signifficant effect towards conception rate. Mucos acidity of vaginal mucous range 6.5-8.5 with the highest range of conception rate in KSU Tunas Setia Baru Pasuruan District 7.5-7.7 and in KUD Tani Wilis Tulungagung District with the highest range of conception range 7.2-7.4 and 7.5-7.7.
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Walker, S. L., R. F. Smith, J. E. Routly, D. N. Jones, M. J. Morris, and H. Dobson. "Lameness, Activity Time-Budgets, and Estrus Expression in Dairy Cattle." Journal of Dairy Science 91, no. 12 (December 2008): 4552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1048.
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Walker, S. L., R. F. Smith, D. N. Jones, J. E. Routly, and H. Dobson. "Chronic stress, hormone profiles and estrus intensity in dairy cattle." Hormones and Behavior 53, no. 3 (March 2008): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.12.003.
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RAHN, K., S. A. RENWICK, R. P. JOHNSON, J. B. WILSON, R. C. CLARKE, D. ALVES, S. McEWEN, H. LIOR, and J. SPIKA. "Persistence of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 in dairy cattle and the dairy farm environment." Epidemiology and Infection 119, no. 2 (October 1997): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268897007929.
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The persistence of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 in cattle and the farm environment was investigated on eight Ontario dairy farms positive for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 in a longitudinal study commenced one year previously. Faecal samples from cows, calves, humans, cats, rodents, wild birds, a composite fly sample and numerous composite and individual environmental samples were cultured and tested for verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC). VTEC isolates were serotyped and E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 isolates were phage typed. E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 phage type 34 was isolated from one calf on each of two farms. The same phage type had been isolated on one of these farms 12 months earlier. Most E. coli O157[ratio ]H7-positive animals and farms became culture-negative within 2 and 3 months, respectively. E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 was not isolated from any environmental samples, although evidence of VTEC was found in composite samples from calf feeders (19·1%), calf barn surfaces (18%), cow feeders (14·9%), flies (12·5%), cow barn surfaces (11·3%), and individual milk filters (12·5%). VTEC belonging to 21 non-O157 serotypes were isolated from 24 cows (8·2%), 21 calves (18·3%), 2 cow feeder samples (3·0%), and 1 calf feeder sample (4·8%). Shedding of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 by infected dairy cattle appears to be transient and persistence of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 was not demonstrated from the farm environment sites tested.
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Bórawski, Piotr, Zdzisław Kochanowicz, and Beata Kalinowska. "INVESTMENT LEVELS IN AGRICULTURAL BUSINESSES SPECIALIZING IN DAIRY CATTLE PRODUCTION IN POLISH FADN REGIONS IN 2004-2016." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2054.
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Investment levels in agricultural businesses specializing in dairy cattle production in Polish FADN regions were compared based on data for 2004-2016. The analysis included gross and net investments (variables FADN SE516 and SE521) and investment subsidies (variable SE406). The research shows that agricultural holdings specializing in dairy cattle farming in the years 2004-2016 in the FADN Wielkopolska and Śląsk region and in the region of Pomerania and Masuria have reached the level of gross investment per one farm on average annually higher than the average annual level of gross investment in Poland. Farms specializing in dairy cattle farming in the FADN regions of Mazowsze and Podlasie, as well as Małopolska and Pogórze have achieved a lower level of gross investment per farm than on average per year in Poland. The average level of net investment per one agricultural holding specializing in dairy cattle farming in the regions of FADN Wielkopolska and Śląsk, Pomorze and Mazury as well as Mazowsze and Podlasie was of a positive value, whereas in the Małopolska and Pogórze region it was negative. Studies have shown that agricultural farms specializing in dairy cattle farming in the Wielkopolska and Śląsk regions developed the fastest among all farms in Poland, while the fastest growing farms specializing in dairy cattle farming are found in the Małopolska and Pogórze regions.
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Maekawa, T., S. Morita, O. Douchi, and H. Koyama. "190 EFFECT OF THE PROPERTIES OF CERVICAL MUCUS ON PREGNANCY RATES IN HOLSTEIN HEIFERS AND COWS AFTER EMBRYO TRANSFER." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab190.
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Selection of animals as recipients of embryo transfer is an important procedure of embryo transfer on farms. Most animals are evaluated for their acceptability as recipients based on the quality of their corpus leteum (CL). However, since rectal palpation is a subjective evaluation method, a more objective method of assessing the suitability of the recipient is required. Cervical mucus may be able to be used to evaluate the condition of the uterus indirectly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the properties of cervical mucus and pregnancy rates after embryo transfer in Holstein heifers and cows. Cervical mucus was collected using a swab off the ostium uteri externum and was stained with 5% Giemsa's solution for 20 min one day before embryo transfer. The stained cervical mucus were classified based on the type of staining pattern (Kitamura et al. 2003 Theriogenology 59, 307) into five groups: filiaceous (Type 1), taenia (Type 2), claustral (Type 3), nubecula (Type 4), or aqueous (Type 5). Proportions of the types of cervical mucus and pregnancy rates were analyzed by chi-square test. In Experiment 1, 113 heifers and 266 cows were examined for cervical mucus type. No significant difference was observed in the proportions of the types of cervical mucus between heifers and cows (heifers: 35.4%, 18.6%, 16.8%, 25.7%, and 3.5%; cows: 24.4%, 14.3%, 20.3%, 30.8%, and 10.2% for Types 1∼5, respectively). In Experiment 2, either a fresh or frozen-thawed embryo was implanted in vivo in 84 heifers and 163 cows 7 days after estrus. The heifers and cows were judged to have normal sized CLs (normal, 17 mm or more) and have no vaginal abnormalities such as cervical mucus contaminated with pus and urovagina as per vaginal examination. The proportions of acceptable Type 5 recipients was lower than that of Type 1 (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rates were 47.6% for heifers and 45.4% for cows (Table 1). The pregnancy rates of Types 1–3 (53.5%) were significantly higher than for Types 4 and 5 (29.9%) in the cows (P < 0.05). Although there was no statistically significant difference, the same tendency was observed in the heifers. Pregnancy was unsuccessful in Type 5 recipients, both heifers and cows. The total pregnancy rates of Types 1–3 were significantly higher than for Types 4 and 5 (53.5% vs. 29.9%, P < 0.001). These results suggest that cervical mucus type can serve as an objective selection criterion for embryo recipients. Further, embryo transfer should be avoided in Type 5 recipients. Table 1. Cervical mucus type and pregnancy rates (%) in dairy cattle
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Shima, E., I. F. Svoboda, S. Tsutsumi, and H. Ohkubo. "Waste management systems of dairy cattle farms in Japan." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (June 1, 2002): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0410.
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Recently, the size of livestock farms in Japan has been expanding and the pollution from farm wastes has become a serious problem in rural areas. Therefore it is necessary to design treatment strategies and improve the recycling of livestock manure for sustainability of agriculture in Japan. The dairy cattle waste management systems were studied at dairy farms in Aomori prefecture and in Hokkaido, Japan. The four farms, typical for the respective regions in Japan, were investigated on the basis of the land and livestock size, housing, overall farm and waste management, type of machinery and a farm labour force. A statistical comparison was made for housing, milking and waste handling systems of dairy farms. One of the waste handling strategies was aerobic slurry treatment and land irrigation of the treated liquid fraction. Such methods began to solve some of waste management problems created since 1967 in grassland farming areas of Hokkaido. The irrigation system supplies water fertiliser and organic material to land as well as shortening the spreading times. It recycles livestock resources, increases the soil fertility and rationalises the farm management.
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Stankov, K. "Labour productivity of dairy cattle farming in Central and Southeast Bulgaria." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, no. 3 (2020): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.03.010.
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A study was conducted on labour productivity in dairy cattle farms that breed Black-and-White cows. The study encompassed 90 farms, thus including 6471 cows. The farms were divided into four groups: small – 8 farms with an average of 3.6 cows; medium – 32 farms with an average of 22.9 cows; large – 32 farms with an average of 74.2 cows; and huge – 18 farms with 185.3 cows per farms. The results of the study indicated that large and huge farms are distinguished by high labour productivity. The income from production, profit, milk quantities, and the cost of one annual work unit (AWU) and a man-hour were several times higher compared to small and medium farms. Production was organised at a much better technological level, which was a contributing factor towards high-quality and competitive milk production. A recommendation to the small and medium farms would be to grow larger, improve their selection, and develop technologically.