Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dairy cattle Milk yield. Fibers

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Academic literature on the topic 'Dairy cattle Milk yield. Fibers'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Dairy cattle Milk yield. Fibers"

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Dias, Kamila, Sergio Garcia, Mohammed (Rafiq) Islam, and Cameron Clark. "Milk Yield, Milk Composition, and the Nutritive Value of Feed Accessed Varies with Milking Order for Pasture-Based Dairy Cattle." Animals 9, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9020060.

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(1) Background: Pasture varies in its chemical composition from the top of the sward to the base and cattle prefer to eat the leaf fraction. In pasture-based dairy systems, cattle predominantly walk back to pasture voluntarily after each milking, with the first cattle arriving to pasture hours before the last. Here we study the impact of pasture composition according to milking order on milk yield and milk composition for dairy cattle offered grazed ryegrass pasture. (2) Methods: In the first experiment, individual cow milk yield data were recorded on six farms over 8 months. The herd was divided into groups of 50 cows for analysis according to milking order. In the second experiment, the impact of milking order on milk composition and pasture composition accessed was determined in addition to milk yield on three farms. (3) Results: After accounting for age and stage of lactation effects, cattle milked first in experiment 1 produced, on average, 4.5 L/cow/day (+18%; range 14 to 29%) more than cattle milked last. In experiment 2, dairy cattle milked first (first 50 cows) in farm 1 had greater milk, protein, and solids non-fat (SNF) yield; and less lactose content than those milked last (last 50 cows). In farm 2, dairy cattle milked first had greater milk yield, SNF yield, lactose yield, and fat yield; but less protein and SNF content than cattle milked last. In farm 3, cattle milked first produced milk with greater fat and protein content than cattle milked last. In line with these differences in milk yield and composition, the composition of pasture across vertical strata differed, particularly for crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content. Conclusion: This work highlights the opportunity to increase herd nutrient use efficiency for improved milk production through strategic pasture allowance and supplementation strategies.
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Kılıçalp, Numan, Mustafa Avcı, Hatice Hızlı, and Rüştü Hatipoğlu. "Buğdaygil ve Baklagil -Buğdaygil Karışımı Meraların Süt İneklerinin Verim Performansı ve Sütün Bileşimine Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i1.7-12.1907.

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This research was conducted to determine forage yield, chemical composition, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle grazing on pasture established with species and mixtures of Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, Bastion,PR), Orchardgrass(Dactylis glometata, Pizza,OG) and White clover(Trifolium repens, Huia,WC). In this research conducted for two years, the grazing experiment was carried out according to a change over trial design. For this purpose, a total of 6 Holstein Friesian cows (at the 2nd lactation and with an average of 520 ± 26 kg live weight) were used for two periods, each of which consisted of 30 days (8 days of adaptation and 22 days of the basis period). The milk nutritional composition of the animals (dry matter, fat and protein content) was determined in the last three days in the last five consecutive days of each lactation period. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of pasture obtained from Perennial ryegrass + White clover mixture (PRWC) was found to be lower than that obtained from the other two (PR and OG) pasture and Net Energy Lactation (NEL) content was found higher in the first grazing period in the first year. However, the effect of the investigated pastures on milk yield was not significant, but it was found that the effects on milk protein yield in the first year and dry matter of milk in the second year were significant. In the first year of grazing period, milk yield, milk fat yield and protein yield were found to be significant. The results of this study showed that under these operating conditions, the botanical composition of the pasture had no effect on the amount and composition of the milk, but the milk yield decreased as the vegetation period advanced.
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Kazemi, M., A. M. Tahmasbi, R. Valizadeh, M. Danesh Mesgaran, M. M. Moheghi, and M. Mojtahedi. "Evaluation of barley distillers’ grains ensiled with or without molassed sugar beet pulp on feed intake and production of Holstein dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029896.

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Agro-industrial by-products are characteristically high in fiber and low in starch with some disparity in protein content based on source and processing method. Barley Distillers’ Grains (BDG) consists largely of structural and protein remaining when extracted residues of grains used in the brewing process. Fresh BDG contain about 70%-80% moisture and can store as silage. However, there is limited research information available on improving BDG silage with readily fermentable carbohydrate. McKendrick et al. (2003) ensiled BDG with molassed sugar beet pulp (MSBP) very well. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the potential of ensiled wet BDG with and without MSBP as alternative to maize silage on DM intake, milk yield and composition of dairy cattle.
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SHELFORD, J. A., and R. M. TAIT. "COMPARISON OF DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES FROM RYE AND CORN IN PRODUCTION AND DIGESTIBILITY TRIALS WITH LACTATING COWS AND SHEEP." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-110.

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Dehydrated rye distillers grains with solubles or corn distillers grains with solubles were incorporated into dairy concentrate mixes at the level of 15%. These concentrates were then fed along with alfalfa cubes in a 50/50 mix (as-fed basis) to 18 lactating dairy cows in a two 6-wk period change over design. Feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and body weight change data indicated no difference between types of distillers grains. Total collection digestibility studies conducted during the last week of each period with six animals per treatment indicated no difference between the type of distillers grains in dry matter, protein or fiber digestion. Total collection digestibility studies using six mature ewes per treatment indicated no differences in dry matter, organic matter or protein digestibility when determined for the concentrates containing rye distillers grains (RDG) or corn distillers grains (CDG) fed in the dairy production trial. Acid detergent fiber digestibility was significantly lower (P < 0.01) on the RDG diet. Digestibility by difference was used to compare RDG and CDG when they made up 70% of the diet. RDG had significantly lower (P < 0.01) digestibilities of dry matter, energy (12.2 vs. 17.1 MJ digestible energy kg−1 dry matter), protein and fiber. The influence of the lower digestibility of RDG was masked in the concentrate mix and complete diet fed to the lactating cows due to dilution from other ration components. Rye distillers grains plus solubles can replace corn distillers grains in dairy concentrates at the level of 15% with no effects on dairy cow production. Key words: Rye distillers grains, sheep, dairy cattle
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FISHER, L. J., and J. R. LESSARD. "INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF CORN, RYE AND SORGHUM-SUDAN GRASS SILAGES BY LACTATING COWS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-108.

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Eighteen lactating Holsteins were utilized in a 3 × 3 Latin square (49 d treatment−1) for a comparative estimation of the intake and digestibility of corn, rye and sorghum-sudan grass silages. The dry matter (DM), protein and acid detergent fiber contents were 32.5, 8.0, 27.0; 25.2, 8.7, 45.6 and 22.4, 10.6, 40.7 percent for corn, rye, and sorghum-sudan silages, respectively. Dry matter intake of the silage and milk yield were less (P < 0.05) for cows fed rye silage compared to those fed corn and sorghum-sudan grass silage. Cows lost body weight when fed rye silage but gained weight when fed either corn or sorghum-sudan grass silage. The feeding of rye silage resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in milk protein percent compared to the feeding of corn or sorghum-sudan silage and in the percentage of milk lactose compared to the feeding of sorghum-sudan grass silage. Molar proportions of rumen acetate were higher (P < 0.05) when cows were fed either rye or sorghum-sudan silage compared to corn silage. Cows fed rye silage had higher molar proportions of rumen propionate and valerate and lower levels of butyrate (P < 0.05) compared to cows consuming sorghum-sudan silage. The digestibility of total ration DM was lower (P < 0.05) when either rye or sorghum-sudan silage was the forage portion of the ration compared to corn. It was concluded from this trial that sorghum-sudan silage provided a suitable source of forage for lactating dairy cows. However, the DM intake and milk yield of cows fed rye silage was less than satisfactory. Key words: Dairy cattle, rye, sorghum-sudan, silage, intake, digestibility
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Murphy, William M., John R. Rice, and David T. Dugdale. "Dairy farm feeding and income effects of using Voisin grazing management of permanent pastures." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 1, no. 4 (1986): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300001211.

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AbstractPermanent pastures produce far below their potential, as they are usually managed in the northcentral and northeastern United States. Dairy farmers in these regions generally feed their cattle year-round from stored forage and purchased concentrates, and use permanent pastures as mere holding or exercise areas, grazing them continuously. This practice involves high operating costs that, combined with lower milk prices, have resulted in greatly reduced profit margins. Farming practices that return more net income are needed. The Voisin system of rotational grazing management, which applies intensive management to forage crops on pastureland, is widely used on dairy and sheep farms in New Zealand. Farmers using the Voisin system there have low operating costs and obtain high yields of excellent quality forage over long grazing periods; increased net income results Between 1 May and 1 October 1984, 497 forage samples were taken and analyzed from permanent pastures grazed according to the Voisin management system on six Vermont dairy farms. This was done to provide farmers with current estimates of forage feeding value so that they could balance their cows' rations accordingly throughout the season, and determine if they could improve the profitability of their farms by using Voisin grazing management. Average grazingseason analyses (dry weight) were: 22.5% dry matter, 22.4% crude protein, 20.8% available protein, 28.4% acid detergent fiber, 1.18% calcium, .48% phosphorus, 1.60% potassium, .22% magnesium, and 1.58 Mcal/kg net energy lactation. Average dry forage yield was 8.9 metric tons/ha. Dry matter intake was adequate for milk production up to 36 kg/cow/day. Forage protein and energy contents were sufficient for at least 25 and 18 kg milk/day, respectively. On three farms where economic factors were calculated, net profits per cow averaged $67 more during the 5-month period from using Voisin grazing management, compared to continuous grazing of the same pastureland in the year before Voisin management was used. This profit resulted mainly from feed savings and a more favorable milk:concentrate ratio of 4.1:1 obtained with Voisin management, compared to 2.7:1 with continuous grazing and more feeding of stored or machine-harvested forage. Voisin-managed pastures can produce high yields of excellent-quality forage that can be incorporated into dairy feeding programs, thereby reducing feed costs and increasing profitability of the farming operations.
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Ramirez, H. A. Ramirez, K. Nestor, L. O. Tedeschi, T. R. Callaway, S. E. Dowd, S. C. Fernando, and P. J. Kononoff. "The effect of brown midrib corn silage and dried distillers' grains with solubles on milk production, nitrogen utilization and microbial community structure in dairy cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 92, no. 3 (September 2012): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2011-133.

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Ramirez, H. A. R., Nestor, K., Tedeschi, L. O., Callaway, T. R., Dowd, S. E., Fernando, S. C. and Kononoff, P. J. 2012. The effect of brown midrib corn silage and dried distillers' grains with solubles on milk production, nitrogen utilization and microbial community structure in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 365–380. Thirty-six Holstein cows (24 multiparous and 12 primiparous), four multiparous were ruminally cannulated, (mean±SD, 111±35 days in milk; 664±76.5 kg body weight) were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments to investigate the effects of brown midrib (bm3) and conventional (DP) corn silages, and the inclusion of dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) on milk production and N utilization. Experimental periods were 28 d in length. Treatments were DP corn silage and 0% DDGS; bm3 corn silage and 0% DDGS; DP corn silage and 30% DDGS; and bm3 corn silage and 30% DDGS. Compared with DP hybrid, total tract fiber digestibility was greater for cows consuming bm3 (32.5 vs. 38.1±1.79%) and DDGS (40.0 vs. 35.2±1.76%). Milk yield was not affected by treatment, and averaged 30.5±1.09 kg d−1. Milk protein yield was positively affected by bm3 corn silage and the inclusion of DDGS. An interaction between hybrid and DDGS on milk fat was also observed. The nature of the interaction was such that milk fat was only affected when DDGS were included in the diet and the lowest milk fat was observed when bm3 corn silage was fed (3.46, 3.59, 2.84 and 2.51±0.10% DP 0% DDGS, bm3 0% DDGS, DP 30% DDGS and bm3 30% DDGS, respectively). As a proportion of the total N consumed, manure N was significantly reduced by the inclusion of bm3 corn silage and DDGS (64.1, 57.1, 52.0, 51.2% for DP 0% DDGS, bm3 0% DDGS, DP 30% DDGS and bm3 30% DDGS, respectively). The Firmicutes:Bacteriodetes ratio in the rumen decreased when cattle consumed DDGS. When cows were fed bm3 corn silage, the population of Fibrobacter sp. tended to represent a larger proportion of the total bacterial population (1.8 vs. 2.3±0.28% for DP and bm3, respectively) and this shift may have been driven by the fact that bm3 corn silage has less lignin, therefore the cellulose digesting bacteria may have more access to the cellulose.
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Juga, Jarmo. "Selection for milk constituents in dairy cattle." Agricultural and Food Science 62, no. 5 (December 1, 1990): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72915.

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Alternative selection combinations of milk traits were studied by the selection index method. The current pricing system in Finland does not encourage weighting fat or protein content, while the most profitable objective, when looking at farmer’s net income, is breeding for milk yield. Because of low protein content in milk and consumer attitudes, which prefer protein to fat, the main objective in the Finnish dairy cattle breeding program is protein yield. Selection for protein yield changes the protein to fat ratio to desirable direction by increasing the protein content and decreasing the fat content. Changes in constituents are small though. Changing the breeding objective from protein yield to protein content would require a considerable change in the pricing system.
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Taha, Fawzy, and Zdenko Puhan. "Milk protein polymorphism in Swiss dairy cattle." Agricultural and Food Science 2, no. 5 (September 1, 1993): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72668.

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Individual cow milk samples from (a) 208 original Swiss Simmental (OSS), (b) 220 of their crosses (Simmental cattle = FV) with American Red Holstein (RH), (c) 215 original Swiss Brown (OSB) and (d) 390 of their crosses (Brown cattle = BV) with American Brown Swiss (BS) were genotyped for the variants of milk caseins (Cn) and β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg). In addition, the association between κ-Cn genotypes and milk yield was studied. Reasonable differences in the allele frequencies were found between the breeds. Compared to pure-bred OSS, crossing with RH resulted in a decrease in the frequencies of αs1-Cn C, β-Cn B and κ-Cn B and in an increased frequency of β-Lg B. Within OSB, increased crossing with BS resulted in a decrease in the frequencies of αs1-Cn C and β-Cn B and in increased frequencies of κ-Cn B and β-Lg B. A significant association between the κ-Cn locus and milk yield could only be shown for the OSS breed.
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Gladiy, M. V., G. S. Kovalenko, S. V. Priyma, G. A. Holyosa, A. V. Tuchyk, L. V. Marchuk, V. P. Otsabryk, and B. B. Lolya. "COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS IN SERF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE»." Animal Breeding and Genetics 52 (November 1, 2016): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.52.01.

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The main goal of dairy breeds selection should be improving breeding and productive qualities of animals under modern conditions. The majority of farms, using native breeds to produce milk, has created optimal conditions for keeping and feeding, selection and matching, growing of replacements etc. Further improvement of created native dairy breeds for economically useful traits occurs at total use of purebred Holstein bulls (semen) of foreign selection. In order to realistically assess milk productivity (milk yield, fat content in milk and fat yield) of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cows should be conducted a comparative analysis of Holstein cows under the same conditions of feeding and keeping. It was established that Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows were characterized by the highest milk yields for 305 days of all lactations, taken into account, the among three investigated breeds. Their milk yield during the first lactation was 5933 kg of milk, during the second – 6393 kg, the third – 6391 kg and during higher lactation – 6650 kg. Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows were second by milk yield (except for the second lactation), during the first lactation – 5932 kg of milk, the third – 6462 kg and higher – 6541 kg, and Holstein cows were third, during the first lactation – 5794 kg of milk, the second – 6381 kg, the third – 6335 kg and higher – 6469 kg. The fat content was almost the same and varied within 3.49-3.58% in milk of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, 3.50-3.60% in milk of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and 3.50-3.56% in Holsteins’ milk. The difference between the breeds was within 0.01-0.04%. All the investigated breeds had predominance in fat yield for three lactations over standards of these breeds: Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows from 75.1 to 93.4 kg, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows – 75.1-89.0 kg respectively and Holstein cows – 41.9-60.2 kg. It was found different level of positive correlation between milk yield and fat yield in all the cases and high correlation (r = 0.604-0.921, P < 0.001) in five cases (41.7%) Negative correlation coefficients indicate that selection of animals to higher milk yield in the herd will decrease the second trait – fat content in milk. Positive and highly significant correlation between milk yield and fat yield indicates that selection of cows in the herd to higher milk yields will increase fat yield. It was revealed that bulls were among the factors impacted the milk productivity (milk yield, fat content, fat yield) of three investigated breeds. So, the force (η²x) of father’s impact on milk yield was15.4-47.9%, fat content – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7% taking into account a lactation and a breed. The force of lines impact (η²x) was second; it was on milk yield 6.1-24.5%, fat content – 4.1-17.1 and fat yield – 5.8-23.5%. The force of breeds impact (η²x) was last; it was on milk yield 0.3-2.9%, fat content – 0.2-0.3% and fat yield – 0.6-2.7%. So, the comparative studies of milk productivity of Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White Dairy cattle with Holsteins indicate that under similar conditions of feeding and keeping, these native breeds can compete with Holstein cattle. The milk yield for 305 days of higher lactation was 6650 kg of milk in Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows, 6541 kg in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows and 6469 kg in Holsteins. It was found the inverse correlation r = -0.025-0.316 between milk yield and fat content in milk in most cases. Selection and matching of animals in the herd should be carried out simultaneously on these traits. It was found positive repeatability of milk yields between the first and second, the third and higher lactations (rs = 0.036-0.741), indicating the reliability of forecasting increase in milk productivity during the next lactations in all herd. Bulls have the greatest impact (η²x) on milk productivity among the factors taken into account: milk yield – 15.4-47.9%, fat content in milk – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7%.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dairy cattle Milk yield. Fibers"

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Spain, James Nobles. "Effect of protein source on milk composition of cows fed low fiber, high grain diets." Thesis, This resource online, 1987. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04122010-083607/.

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Amenu, Boka. "Environmental and dietary effects on milk composition and cheddar cheese yield /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18661.pdf.

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Larcombe, Michael Tinniswood. "The effects of manipulating reproduction on the productivity and profitability of dairy herds which graze pasture /." Connect to thesis, 1989. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000650.

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Mai, Van Sanh. "Effects of feeding level and forage/concentrate ratio on milk production and performance of crossbred lactating cows /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009768613&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Huisman, Andrina Christine. "The effects of reducing dietary phosphorus and nitrogen by the addition of bluegrass straw to the rations of early to mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/a_huisman_112309.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in animal sciences)--Washington State University, December 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 15, 2010). "Department of Animal Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-77).
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Halbach, Theodore John. "SEASON AND LACTATION NUMBER EFFECTS ON PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION OF DAIRY CATTLE IN ARIZONA (AGE)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275354.

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Kornalijnslijper, Esther. "Health and welfare of high producing dairy cows : effects of milk production level on adaptive capacity of cows assessed by hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical function and severity of experimental Escherichia coli mastits = Gezondheid en welzijn van hoog-productieve melkkoeien /." [Utrecht : Utrecht University], 2003. http://www.mannlib.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/toc.cgi?5118378.

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Mang'oli, Wellington Sifuna. "Effects of Fermenten during the dry and early lactation periods of dairy cows." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=706.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 82 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-63).
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Dodzi, Madodana Sunson. "Time budgets, avoidance distance scores-related behaviour and milk yield of pasture-based Jersey, Friesland and cross bred cows." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/474.

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Time budgets, avoidance distance scores-related behaviour and milk yield of pasture-based Jersey, Friesland and crossbred cows. by Madodana Sunson Dodzi The study was conducted at the University of Fort Hare farm to determine the time budgets, the avoidance-related behaviour variables and their relationship with milk yield in three pasturebased dairy genotypes: Jersey, Friesland and crossbreed. Twenty one clinically health dairy cows aged between 52 and 55 months, in mid lactation and comprising of seven cows from each genotype were used in the study. The time spent on different activities (grazing, lying down, standing and others) at pasture was recorded using stop watches across four seasons. The behavioural responses of the three genotypes to humans were determined by recording their avoidance distance scores (AD), exit speed (ES), pen scores (PS), pen behaviour scores (PBS), plat form scores (PLS) and the occurrence of kicking (KCK) and stepping (SPG) during milking on four consecutive days in four seasons. Time spent standing was higher (P < 0.05) for Friesland compared to Jersey and crossbred during the hot-wet season. In the cool-dry season the Jersey spent more time (P < 0.05) grazing than the other breeds. The Friesland and crossbred on the other hand devoted most of their time lying down compared to Jersey in the cool- dry season (P < 0.05). There were season differences in time spent on all activities (P < 0.05). Time spent on grazing was longest in post-rainy seasonal and lowest in hot- wet season (P < 0.05). The longest lying down period was observed in the hot-dry season and lowest in hot-wet season (P < 0.05). iii Daily milk yield Varied (P < 0.05) with genotype with the Friesland and Jersey producing higher yield than the crossbred. The highest amount was produced in hot-dry and the least in hot-wet season. Milk yield was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with lying down. Standing was negatively correlated with milk yield (P < 0.05). The Friesland had the highest avoidance distance scores (P < 0.05) and the Jersey had the lowest avoidance distance scores in all seasons. There was an association (P < 0.05) between genotype and exit speed scores, pen scores and stepping behaviour scores. The Friesland exhibited the highest exit speed scores than the other breeds. The Jersey had the lowest (P < 0.05) kicking behaviour scores. There was a relationship (r = 0.64) between avoidance distance scores and exit speed. Exit speed scores were correlated with pen score(r= 0.23). Milk yield was significant related (r= 0.17) to the occurrence of kicking behaviour. The genotypes showed different levels of sensitivity to season and milk yield was influenced by breed and season. It can be concluded that time budgets vary with season and farmers need to adopt measures that buffer the effect of season on welfare of dairy cows. It can also be concluded that avoidance distance scores differs according to genotype with Jersey being more confident to humans than other two breeds. It is therefore recommended that provision of shades or cooling mechanism should be adopted to buffer the effects of hot-wet season. Improving quality of feed during the cool-dry season may be critical for Jersey cows. Finally positive handling of the dairy cows is recommended in order to improve the welfare and milk yield of pasture based dairy cows.
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Arney, David Richard. "Dietary sodium and the production, health and behaviour of lactating dairy cows." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311483.

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Books on the topic "Dairy cattle Milk yield. Fibers"

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Dairy cows: Nutrition, fertility and milk production. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Smith, Stuart F. Tax planning and the dairy herd buyout. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1986.

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Kubasiewicz, Lesław. Powiązania rodowodowe i wartość użytkowa w zakresie mleczności buhajów ras czarno-białej i czerwono-białej-ojców potomstwa z zaburzeniami rozwojowymi. Szczecin: Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie, 1993.

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Sun, Chinhwa. Dynamic aggregate milk supply response with biological constraints on dairy herd size. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1993.

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Buyserie, A. C. Managing light in dairy barns for increased milk production. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 2001.

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Garg, M. R. Balanced feeding for improving livestock productivity: Increase in milk production and nutrient use efficiency and decrease in methane emission. Edited by Makkar Harinder P. S and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2012.

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7

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Implementation of the dairy termination program: USDA slaughter of the cattle market : forty-seventh report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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8

Hodgson, Ralph E. Dairy production research by the United States Department of Agriculture, 1895 to 1980: A historical review. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1986.

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9

P, Nkhonjera Lidie, ed. Evaluation of the productivity of crossbred dairy cattle on smallholder and government farms in the Republic of Malawi. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa, 1986.

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10

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry. Review of status and potential impact of bovine growth hormone: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, June 11, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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