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Popov, N. A., Yu A. Ivanov, V. K. Skorkin, and V. Yu Sidorova. "Innovative technologies of dairy cattle reproduction." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2106-03.
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The American company for the reproduction of dairy cattle – World Wide Sires was formed in 1976 in the United States, and its subsidiary World Wide Sires Russia – in 2006 in the Russian Federation. Over the past decades the average milk yield of cows has been increased significantly, but their fertility has been decreased. A comparison of the DNA of cows producing about 20,000 kg of milk and more than 1,000 kg of milk fat per lactation has shown a genetic association between the milk yield of cows and the fertility of breeding sires. Therefore, one of the directions of the company’s development is the development of innovative technologies for improving reproduction with the genetic improvement of breeding traits of breeding sires. Improving the fertility of Holstein sires and their high-quality semen are the main conditions for solving problems related to the reproductive function of animals. Application of index selection programs, including OptiFeed (optimal feeding), Production-max (best production), Fertility (high reproduction capacity), etc. are powerful lever of herd management. All available genetic indexes are directly or indirectly included in the general index of breeding value of the sire – TPI. One of the methods of refining the index system is the use of ultrasexed semen with 4 million sperm cells in a dose, which increases fertilization in heifers and cows by 5 and 6 %, respectively. Another method of refi ning the index system was the definition of inbreeding. For example, an increase in inbreeding by 1 % led to a decrease in the dollar profit index NM$ by 24 points, added 36 undesirable days to the age of the first calving, reduced productive life by 13 days, reduced milk yield by an average of 358 kg of milk and 11,3 kg of milk protein per lactation. The cost of each additional day of the open days’ period after the start of the hunt ranged from 220 to 370 rubles loss per 1 cow per year.
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Rasad, Siti Darodjah. "Evaluasi Penampilan Reproduksi Sapi Perah (Studi Kasus Di Perusahaan Peternakan Sapi Perah KUD Sinarjaya)." Jurnal Agripet 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v9i1.621.
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Evaluation performance reproduction on dairy cattle (Case study in sinarjaya dairy cattle cooperationABSTRACT. Aim of the identification of performance reproduction was to find out the successfully of reproduction management in the dairy cattle firm or farmers. Performance reproduction of dairy cattle include days open, calving interval, service per conception, first service postpartum and length of the pregnancy. All of that performance reproduction values was ideal value and close relation to the production and that values was difference between farmer and depend of management themselves. Sinar Jaya cooperation is one of dairy cattle cooperation, since 1977 with the population about 1554 dairy cattle’s in year 2006, has been opportunity to find out the performance reproduction of dairy cattle in that cooperation. Dairy cattle about 197 cattle’s was used as a sample of the treatment, which were minimum two times calving period with the completely recording of reproduction activity. The method of this research was descriptive method and the data was collected as a census method. As a conclusion, reproduction performance for the first service postpartum, days open and calving interval were ideal values but service per conception was bigger than optimal value.
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MCDOUGALL, Scott. "Reproduction Performance and Management of Dairy Cattle." Journal of Reproduction and Development 52, no. 1 (2006): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1262/jrd.17091.
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СЕМЕНОВ, В. Г., С. Г. КОНДРУЧИНА, А. Н. МАЙКОТОВ, С. Л. ТОЛСТОВА, and Т. Н. ИВАНОВА. "SYSTEM OF DIRECTED REPRODUCTION OF DAIRY CATTLE." VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM P A KOSTYCHEVA, no. 4(48) (December 29, 2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36508/rsatu.2020.48.4.010.
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Цель работы – изучить влияние направленного воспроизводства коров на формирование высокопродуктивных здоровых стад. Методология. Научно-исследовательская работа проведена в базовых хозяйствах Республики Казахстан: СПК «ПЗ Алматы», ИП «Сыдыков», ИП «Каримов», ТОО «Тастобе АгроФуд» Алматинской, ТОО «Какпатас-Кордай» Жамбылской, ТОО «Борте милка» Туркестанской и КХ «Зайтенов» Восточно-Казахстанской областей. Для искусственного осеменения выбирали телок 12-14-месячного возраста живой массой от 360 кг и коров-первотелок голштинской, симментальской, швицкой и черно-пестрой пород. Осеменение проводили ректоцервикальным методом с помощью инструмента Alpha Vision заморожено-оттаянным семенем, разделенным по полу. Результаты. Для ускоренного ремонта стада и увеличения поголовья высокопродуктивных коров в крупных хозяйствах по производству молока используют сексированное семя при первом и втором осеменении первотелок, полученных от высокопродуктивных матерей. Согласно научным данным, эффективность, получаемая от использования данной методики, составляет 65-95 % особей желательного пола. Наиболее высокие результаты плодотворности осеменения сексированным семенем в СПК «ПЗ Алматы», ИП «Каримов» и КХ «Какпатас Кордай» получены в осенне-зимний период и составили от 58,1 до 65,2 %, при индексе осеменения 1,58-1,72. При использовании сексированного семени от первотелок в среднем получено 92 % телок. При сравнительном анализе результатов по всем хозяйствам наиболее высокие показатели плодотворности осеменения отмечены у телок при естественной половой охоте. На фоне гормональной стимуляции половой охоты наблюдается снижение плодотворности осеменения в среднем на 4,72 %. При диспансеризации коров и телок выявлено 202 головы с нарушением воспроизводительных функций, из них вылечено 176 голов (87,13 %), с эндометритом – 81,25 %, с фолликулярной кистой – 86,79 %, с гипофункцией яичников – 91,76 %. Заключение. Научно обосновано и экспериментально доказано влияние направленного воспроизводства коров на формирование высокопродуктивных здоровых стад в базовых хозяйствах Республики Казахстан. Problem and purpose. The purpose of the work was to study the efect of directed reproduction of cows on formation of highly productive healthy herds. Methodology. The research was carried out at the basic farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan: APC “PZ Almaty”, PE “Sydykov”, PE “Karimov”, LLP “Tastobe AgroFood” in Almaty region, LLP “Kakpatas-Kordai” in Zhambyl region, LLP “Borte Milka” in Turkestan region and CF "Zaitenov" in Eastern-Kazakhstan region. For artifcial insemination, a calf of 12-14 months of age was chosen with a living mass of 360 kg and frst-born cows of Holstein, Simmental, Schwitz and black and white breeds. Insemination was performed by recto-cervical method using Alpha Vision tool with frozen-thawed semen divided by sex. Results. For accelerated repair of herd and increase of number of highly productive cows at large dairy farms one uses sexed semen for the frst and the second insemination of fresh cows got from highly productive mothers. According to scientifc data, the efciency obtained from using this technique is 65-95 % of individuals are of the desired sex. The highest results of the fruitfulness of insemination by sexed semen were obtained at APC “PZ Almaty”, PE “Karimov” and LLP “Kakpatas-Kordai” in the autumn-winter period and ranged from 58.1 to 65.2 %, with an insemination index of 1.58-1.72. When using sexed semen from fresh cows, about 92 % of heifers were obtained. With a comparative analysis of the results for all farms, the highest indicators of the fruitfulness of insemination were noted in calves during natural estrus. Against the background of hormonal stimulation of estrus, there was a decrease in the fruitfulness of insemination by an average of 4.72 %. During the medical examination of cows and heifers, 202 heads with impaired reproductive functions were detected, of which 176 heads (87.13 %) were cured, with endometritis - 81.25 %, with follicular cyst - 86.79 %, with ovarian hypofunction - 91.76 %. Conclusion. The infuence of directed reproduction of cows on formation of highly productive healthy herdswas scientifcally and experimentally proved at basic farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Moore, K., and W. W. Thatcher. "Major Advances Associated with Reproduction in Dairy Cattle." Journal of Dairy Science 89, no. 4 (April 2006): 1254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72194-4.
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Cornou, C., S. Østergaard, M. L. Ancker, J. Nielsen, and A. R. Kristensen. "Dynamic monitoring of reproduction records for dairy cattle." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 109 (November 2014): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2014.09.017.
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BATRA, T. R., A. J. LEE, and A. J. McALLISTER. "RELATIONSHIPS OF REPRODUCTION TRAITS, BODY WEIGHT AND MILK YIELD IN DAIRY CATTLE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-007.
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The relationships between reproduction traits, body weight and milk yield were investigated using data from 1611 heifers and 733 cows from two lines of the National Cooperative Dairy Cattle Breeding Project. The data were analyzed separately for heifers and cows within lines using a mixed linear model containing fixed effects for station, year of birth, season of birth and random effect of sires. Heritability estimates and genetic correlations were estimated by a paternal half-sib analysis. Heritability estimates for heifer and cow reproduction traits ranged between 0 and 26% while those of body weights at calving and 112 d postpartum and milk yield ranged from 24 to 43%. Heifers with difficult calving had a higher incidence of retained placenta than those with normal calving. Phenotypic correlations between heifer reproduction traits and milk yield during first lactation were small. High milk production in cows was associated with longer calving interval. Phenotypic correlations between heifer's and cow's reproduction traits were small. Difficult calving in heifers impairs reproductive performance after calving resulting in greater number of days from calving to first and last breeding and leading to a longer calving interval. Key words: Reproduction traits, heifers, cows, milk yield, dairy cattle
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Lucy, M. C., and B. A. Crooker. "Physiological and genetic differences between low and high index dairy cows." BSAP Occasional Publication 26, no. 1 (2001): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x0003370x.
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AbstractSelection of dairy cattle for increased milk production has decreased some indices of reproductive efficiency. For example, days open are increased by one day for every 100 kg of increased milk yield per lactation. Some of the change in days open can be explained by delayed onset of oestrous cyclicity and lower conception rate to artificial insemination in cows with greater milk production. Despite these negative associations between milk production and reproduction, reproduction in herds of high producing dairy cattle is not necessarily compromised relative to reproduction in herds of low producing dairy cattle. This is because there is a large environmental effect on dairy reproduction. High producing herds generally have better management and better oestrous detection. Therefore, high producing dairy herds may partially overcome the antagonistic relationship between milk production and reproduction. Physiological mechanisms that lead to poorer reproduction in high producing cows are partially defined. Negative energy balance that occurs in high producing dairy cows can be associated with a delay in the initiation of ovarian cycles and the interval to first breeding. Many of the effects of negative energy balance on postpartum reproduction can be explained by decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) that is associated with negative energy balance. Serum LH increases as cows move toward positive energy balance and greater LH stimulates growth and ovulation of ovarian follicles. We have initiated studies to address physiological differences in high and low index dairy cows. The reproductive endocrinology of cows from a control line (5,900 kg milk/lactation) and a select line (10,900 kg milk/lactation) of dairy cows at the University of Minnesota was studied over a two-year period. Cows in Year 1 were similar for serum concentrations of LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and oestradiol (preovulatory period). In both years, serum concentrations of progesterone during luteal phases, however, were decreased in select cows. The Year 2 cows also had a delay in the return to oestrous cyclicity that was associated with reduced LH. The possibility that decreased progesterone causes infertility in dairy cows will require further study. Collectively, these data suggest that changes in blood progesterone concentrations may explain, partially, lower fertility in high index dairy cows.
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Capitan, A., P. Michot, A. Baur, R. Saintilan, C. Hozé, D. Valour, F. Guillaume, et al. "Genetic tools to improve reproduction traits in dairy cattle." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd14379.
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Fertility is a major concern in the dairy cattle industry and has been the subject of numerous studies over the past 20 years. Surprisingly, most of these studies focused on rough female phenotypes and, despite their important role in reproductive success, male- and embryo-related traits have been poorly investigated. In recent years, the rapid and important evolution of technologies in genetic research has led to the development of genomic selection. The generalisation of this method in combination with the achievements of the AI industry have led to the constitution of large databases of genotyping and sequencing data, as well as refined phenotypes and pedigree records. These resources offer unprecedented opportunities in terms of fundamental and applied research. Here we present five such examples with a focus on reproduction-related traits: (1) detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for male fertility and semen quality traits; (2) detection of QTL for refined phenotypes associated with female fertility; (3) identification of recessive embryonic lethal mutations by depletion of homozygous haplotypes; (4) identification of recessive embryonic lethal mutations by mining whole-genome sequencing data; and (5) the contribution of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism chips, whole-genome sequencing and imputation to increasing the power of QTL detection methods and to the identification of causal variants.
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Heravi Moussavi, A., M. Danesh Mesgaran, and T. Vafa. "Effect of first 60-day cumulative milk yield on days open in Holstein dairy cows in Iran." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020512.
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Reproduction and milk production are the principal factors that are influencing dairy farm profitability. The dairy industry in Iran has changed dramatically in the last decade. The shift toward more productive cows and larger herds in Iran is associated with a decrease reproductive efficiency (Heravi Moussavi et al., 2004). Increased knowledge about the principal causes of reduced fertility is essential. The root cause of the declining fertility is probably a combination of a variety of physiological and management factors that have an additive effect on reproductive efficiency. Dairy cattle are inseminated and pregnancy is established while dairy cows are lactating. Based on the analyses of large datasets, there is clearly an antagonistic relationship between milk production and reproduction in dairy cattle (Lucy, 2001). It was shown that the hazard ratio for cumulative first 60-day milk yield and conception in high producer cows was 8 percent less than the others and also high milk yield was a risk factor for several reproductive disorders (Grohn and Rajala-Schultz, 2000). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of first 60-day cumulative milk yield on days open in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.
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Tóth, Violetta, Virág Nagypál, Ágnes Süli, and Edit Mikó. "Investigation of culling practices on a dairy farm." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 8, no. 1-2 (May 26, 2019): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2019.1-2.96-101.
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Main aim of cattle breeding is to keep cattles with high productivity in production as long as possible. Thus length of productive lifetime can be increased. Culling is a complex decision. During that age, phases of lactation cycle, milk production, reproduction attributes and health stage all have to be taken into account. Optimal timing is important at culling as too early or too late culling results in economic loss. Culling decision is influenced by economic factors as well such as quantity and price of milk, price of culled cow, purchase price and raising cost of heifer. Many heifer have to be settled into production so all heifer which is suitable for reproduction has to be kept for breeding. As a result of this, all heifer that is healthy in context of reproduction biology has to be taken into breeding. Investigations of this study were made on a Hungarian dairy cattle farm. There is untied system on the farm. Cattles are grouped based on production level and stage of lactation. Daily milking number is three. Culling reasons were analysed in the first three lactations. Based on investigated data, 1175 cow were culled during five years which means 235 cows annually. There were differences between culling reasons. Udder health problems were the main reasons of culling. These presented 30% of the total cullings with 348 individuals. Several individuals were culled without fertilisation in the given lactation. The reason of this could be that the cow did not get pregnant again or other diseases and injuries occurred during lactation period. Most diseases occurred in the first 25 days of second lactation.
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Abugaliev, S., L. Bupebaeva, M. Baybatyrova, N. Matkerimov, K. Matkerimova, and A. Kadrgaliyeva. "Modern biotechnological methods in the reproduction of dairy cattle." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2006-03.
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The problem of increasing the highly productive number of dairy cows is becoming a priority in the cattle breeding of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The decrease in conception rate of cattle is associated with frequently detected in animals functional disorders of the reproductive system, including violations of the functional activity of the ovaries, manifested in the form of their hypofunction or cysts and inflammation of the uterine mucosa. The research has been carried out within the framework of budget projects of the Ministry of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan: “Transfer and adaptation of technologies for automation of technological processes of livestock production on the basis of model farms in dairy farming from 100 cows from different regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan” and “Improving the efficiency of selection methods in cattle breeding” in the peasantry farm “Aidarbayev E. S.” Enbekshikazakh district in the Almaty region in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It has been found according to the results of the research that the first signs of pregnancy ultrasound scanner detects at least 26 days, but the forecast is more accurate at the period of at least 33 days (according to 5 indicators). During the studied period in the peasantry farm “Aidarbayev” from 483 heads maternal livestock 359 heads of calves have been obtained or 74,3 %. Out of the total number of calves 251 alive calves have been received or 69,9 %, and 24,5 % of stillbirths. Of the calved 27 heads of cows 18 heifers or 66,7 % have been received, which is quite effective from a practical point of view. The sexed semen, which has being obtained in recent years, the percentage of conception rate from the first insemination has increased. Further research will focus on the causes of fetal mortality of calves and increased of conception rate when using sexed semen.
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FULKERSON, W. J., and A. J. DICKENS. "The effect of season on reproduction in dairy cattle." Australian Veterinary Journal 62, no. 11 (November 1985): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1985.tb14209.x.
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HIRSCH, A. C., and H. PHILIPP. "Effects of meloxicam on reproduction parameters in dairy cattle." Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 32, no. 6 (December 2009): 566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01109.x.
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Lucy, M. C. "1167 History of the development of the Dairy Cattle Reproduction Council (DCRC) and impacts of the DCRC on dairy cattle reproductive management." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (October 1, 2016): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1167.
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Simenew, K., and M. Wondu. "Transition Period and Immunosuppression: Critical Period of Dairy Cattle Reproduction." International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 5, no. 2 (April 20, 2013): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/ijava.5.5576.
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Santos, Jep, RS Bisinotto, ES Ribeiro, FS Lima, LF Greco, CR Staples, and WW Thatcher. "Applying nutrition and physiology to improve reproduction in dairy cattle." Reproduction in Domestic Ruminants 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5661/rdr-vii-387.
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V. V. Lyashenko, N. A. Balakirev, Yu. A. Yuldashbayev, I. V. Kayeshova, A. K. Karynbayev, A. V. Gubina, and I. P. Prokhorov. "MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASING THE REPRODUCTION LEVEL IN DAIRY CATTLE." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (February 15, 2020): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.9.
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The work aims to study the features of herd reproduction in the conditions of a modern specialized unit for growing repair young animals. The studies were carried out in the conditions of Megaferma OOO in the Kuznetsky region, which is part of the Rusmolco Company in the Penza region, on the number of animals in the modern herd reproduction center. The object of the research was the replacement heifers of the Holstein breed; the subject of the research was: live weight of heifers in different technological periods and the efficiency of insemination of heifers with sexed and ordinary sperm. The studies show the dynamics of live weight of the Holstein heifers of different origin (Holland, the USA, Russia) during directed growing; the achievement of live weight of 350 kg was established by the period of the first insemination at the age 12 months; the Dutch heifers had a higher growth rate during all growing periods. The results of studies indicate that when using sexed semen, the pregnancy rate of heifers from the first insemination was 54.5%; 82.5% of heifers were received from the studied livestock, which is 29.5% more than from the insemination with ordinary semen. When inseminating with sexed semen of heifers of different origins (Hungary, Germany, Russia), the existing differences in the experimental groups were found. The pregnancy rate from the first insemination in the studied livestock ranged from 48.7 to 59.7%, and the yield of heifers - from 77.5 to 89.4%. Such indicators are consistent with the international practice of using sexed semen and with the guarantees of the semen producer. Consequently, an increase in the number of heifers in offspring allows breeding farms to abandon the acquisi-tion of expensive breeding young stock.
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Bisinotto, R. S., and J. E. P. Santos. "The use of endocrine treatments to improve pregnancy rates in cattle." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd11916.
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Reproduction is critical for the success of both dairy and beef cattle production. Inadequate reproduction impairs profitability by compromising production, delaying genetic progress and increasing expenses. A major impediment to the use of artificial insemination (AI) is the ability to detect oestrus for optimum timing of breeding. However, increased understanding of the bovine oestrous cycle has led to the development of reproductive programmes that allow precise synchrony of follicle development, luteal regression and ovulation. The advent of timed-AI protocols revolutionised reproductive management in dairy and beef herds. It allows for AI at a more desired time post partum despite oestrous cyclicity. It also allows for pre-determined re-insemination of cows diagnosed as not pregnant. In subfertile cows, such as the post partum, anoestrous beef cow and the high-producing dairy cow, strategic hormone supplementation has been used to overcome hormone deficiencies and improve pregnancy rates. Several physiological windows have been identified to optimise fertility in synchronisation programmes and they include, but are not limited to, follicle turnover, synchrony of follicular development, length of dominance, progesterone concentrations during development of the ovulatory follicle, luteal regression, peri-ovulatory steroid concentrations, length of pro-oestrus, synchrony of ovulation and AI, and progesterone rise after ovulation.
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Гизатуллин, Rinat Gizatullin, Седых, and Tatyana Sedykh. "DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING STOCK CONDITION IN REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 1, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20338.
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The main goal of the research is increasing the productivity of the breeding stock and bulls for herd reproduction. Evaluation of dairy cattle building was carried out on the basis of the appraisal for 2012-2014, statistical compilations, data certification and reproduction departments and intensification of animal MOA Belarus, JSC «Bashkir» in breeding, GUSP «Bashplemservis» PG SLC «Ufa», according to the records, according to the farms of the republic. The studies found that the proportion of breeding cattle in the Republic of Bashkortostan of the total number of cows is 18% of the productivity level for the black-motley breed of 5696 kg, Holstein – 6630 kg Simmental – 4834-4716 kg and Bestuzhev. Under these circumstances, production of milk is one of the main objectives and preserve and improve the productive qualities of Simmental and Bestuzhev cattle as the most adapted to the climatic and forage conditions of the region through within-breeding and cross-breeding Simmental cattle with red motley Holstein, Bestuzhev – with Angler and red Danish rock. Available in the national reserve of bulls steer Bank in general is characterized by high productivity potential of female ancestors, which only 60-70% is realized in the current conditions of commodity production. Bulls fathers steer used in GUSP «Bashplemservis» are absolute improvers, and used in more than 50 countries.
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Kazarovets, N. V., I. P. Sheyko, and T. V. Pavlova. "Evolution of breeding process for reproduction of domestic producing bulls in the Republic of Belarus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 58, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-4-455-471.
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The leading element in breeding programs for breeding and improving the breeds of dairy cattle in highly developed countries is reproduction of high-quality producing bulls. The paper presents the results of producing bulls breeding when creating Belarusian black-and-white breed of dairy cattle, techniques and methods of obtaining improving bulls when improving the Holsteinized dairy cattle of the republic at the present stage. It is shown that historically evolution of the breeding process of reproduction of domestic black-and-white bulls is based on imported breeding material from different countries (bulls, semen, heifers). Analysis of solution to the problem of using imported animals is presented. Periods of creating a breeding base for reproduction of imported material have been determined, methodological approaches and possibilities of breeding domestic producing bulls in the republic have been specified. Efficiency of breeding business for introduction of modern methods and techniques for assessing and reproduction of high quality breeding animals has been revealed. The periods of breeding process for reproduction of domestic producing bulls have been chronologically distinguished, including three stages: the first 1930-1990, the second 1990-2000, the third 2000 to the present. Substantiation of these time stages is based on the results of breeding activities carried out by scientists and breeders of the republic, and the social and economic conditions of those periods. Analysis of the created breeding base for reproduction of imported material has been carried out, including both breeding stock of breeding plants for parental forms breeding, as well as state breeding enterprises for rearing, evaluating and using the producing bulls. Normative legal documents developed by specialists of state services, scientists of the Belarusian Research Institute for Animal Breeding for the scheduled formation of the breeding base of dairy cattle in the republic have been indicated. The research results will make it possible to develop a concept for reproduction of highly valuable domestic improving bulls in terms of breeding for formation of Belarusian Holstein dairy cattle meeting modern production technology requirements in the context of intensification of the industry based on increase in the role of genetic factors.
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Perisic, Predrag, Renata Relic, Cvijan Mekic, and Stefan Stepic. "Problems of early culling of cows in breeding stocks for milk production." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, no. 4 (2020): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2004381p.
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A common problem of dairy cattle in all production systems and production directions is their reduced production life and therefore their reduced lifetime span. Among the main reasons of dairy cattle premature culling the problems related to reproduction, udder and legs are prevailing. The order of these reasons according to their significance is not the same in all dairy cattle populations and depends on production direction, level of production and specific technology of cattle breeding. There are also other reasons of culling but these three groups are the main ones. Due to frequency of their incidence, as well as economic damage which they can cause in dairy cattle production, today they must be taken into account when defining breeding goals for certain breeds and populations of cattle.
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Perisic, Predrag, Renata Relic, Cvijan Mekic, and Stefan Stepic. "Problems of early culling of cows in breeding stocks for milk production." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, no. 4 (2020): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2004381p.
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A common problem of dairy cattle in all production systems and production directions is their reduced production life and therefore their reduced lifetime span. Among the main reasons of dairy cattle premature culling the problems related to reproduction, udder and legs are prevailing. The order of these reasons according to their significance is not the same in all dairy cattle populations and depends on production direction, level of production and specific technology of cattle breeding. There are also other reasons of culling but these three groups are the main ones. Due to frequency of their incidence, as well as economic damage which they can cause in dairy cattle production, today they must be taken into account when defining breeding goals for certain breeds and populations of cattle.
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Holness, J. A., A. Brown, and C. Harris. "Jamaica Hope: The dairy breed for the tropics." Animal Genetic Resources Information 31 (April 2001): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900001462.
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SummaryExperimentation in breeding dairy cattle for the tropics began in Jamaica at Hope Farm in 1910 with local cattle, temperate dairy breeds and the infusion of the Sahiwal (Zebu) breed.The research results, which also influenced farmers' operations, indicated the superiority of the grade Jersey for production and fertility, which was considered to be the result of adaptation. Thereafter, breeding inter se, a tropical dairy breed, the Jamaica Hope was established and was declared in 1952. The formation of the Jamaica Hope Cattle Breeders’ Society immediately followed.The breed has shown a high level of productivity under wide ranging husbandry conditions. The highest yields have been above 8 800 litres of milk in 305 days.The MOET technique of reproduction will be employed in the expansion of the breed.
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Schaeffer, Lawrence R., Edward B. Burnside, Paige Glover, and Jalal Fatehi. "Crossbreeding Results in Canadian Dairy Cattle for Production, Reproduction and Conformation." Open Agriculture Journal 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2011): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501105010063.
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Progeny of Holstein females mated to sires of different breeds were genetically evaluated along with their purebred Holstein contemporaries born in the same herds using multiple trait animal models. The resulting estimated breeding values (EBV) of cows were averaged within breed of sire and compared relative to progeny of purebred Holstein sires for various economic traits. All progeny were born since 2005, and only animals from herds with crossbreds were included in the genetic evaluation models. Crossbred cows were significantly below Holstein sired cows for 305-d EBV for milk yield, but were above Holsteins for fat and protein yields. There were no significant differences between crossbreds and purebreds for somatic cell scores. Crossbred cows and heifers became pregnant sooner after each calving, had higher non-return rates, fewer services, and shorter gestation lengths than purebred Holsteins. Crossbred heifers and cows had lower stillbirth rates due to having smaller calves, and slightly better calving ease. Objectively measured conformation traits (seven) and milking speed and milking temperament were analyzed by multiple trait models. Differences for conformation favoured Holsteins over crossbreds. There were no significant differences for milking speed or temperament between crossbreds and purebreds.
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Wiltbank, M. C., A. H. Souza, P. D. Carvalho, A. P. Cunha, J. O. Giordano, P. M. Fricke, G. M. Baez, and M. G. Diskin. "Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle." Animal 8 (2014): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731114000585.
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Sewalem, A., F. Miglior, G. J. Kistemaker, P. Sullivan, and B. J. Van Doormaal. "Relationship Between Reproduction Traits and Functional Longevity in Canadian Dairy Cattle." Journal of Dairy Science 91, no. 4 (April 2008): 1660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0178.
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Bruno, Karl. "Disciplining cattle reproduction: Veterinary reproductive science, bull infertility, and the mid-twentieth century transformation of Swedish dairy cattle breeding." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 84 (December 2020): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2020.09.002.
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Sidashova, S. O., and S. I. Kovtun. "BILATERAL OVULATIONS FOR THE DAIRY BREEDS: DIAGNOSTICS, PREVALENCE, PRACTICAL VALUE." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.22.
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Results of monitoring research of morphological features of ovaries of cows of dairy breeds in 0th day of a follicular phase of a sexual cycle are presented. By differential manual technic diagnostic method one significantly established that the frequency of cases of bilateral ovulations of follicles is influenced by the level of milk production: amongst cows, that have milk production lower, than 5 thousand, this phenomenon was found in 12,88% of cycles, and among highly productive cows (6 000–10 000 kg) – only in 4,34% of cases. Significantly more frequent prevalence of bilateral ovulations was found amongst thoroughbred cows (7,34% of cycles) in comparison with local cattle (0,82% of cycles). Genetic influence on the frequency of bilateral ovulations is significantly established by the statistical analysis of data: amongst cows of red and red-and-white breeds – 10,96% of cycles were with bilateral ovulations, and amongst black-and-white cattle, respectively – 6,57%. For the first time the biological value of bilateralism of development of the dominating cow follicles is experimentally established. Among females with double ovulations after insemination the pregnancy was fixed by 1,5–6,4 times more often, than among cows with single ovulations (respectively, for the herds of Ukrainian Red Dairy and Ayrshire breeds). Pair gonads of cows are key bodies in dairy cattle reproduction, therefore studying of ovary morphogenesis and identification of biological resources of reproduction are important tasks in herd reproduction problem solving under the conditions of industrial milk production technologies.
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Margerison, J. K., T. R. Preston, and C. J. C. Phillips. "Restricted suckling of dairy cattle in the humid tropics." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026891.
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Restricted suckling systems are one the most common forms of livestock production in developing countries. In these systems partial milk extraction and calf suckling are combined, resulting in a multi-commodity (milk and meat) production system. These are now being recognised as some of the most efficient and sustainable uses of the available resources in developing countries. These systems provide a more ‘natural’ method of calf rearing, thus maximising animal welfare.The aim of this experiment was designed to investigate the maternal relationship between cow and calf within a restricted suckling system and evaluate its effect on milk production and reproduction.
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Islam, Md Zakirul, Md Mehedi Hasan Khandakar, Md Harun-ur Rashid, and Mohammad Shohel Rana Siddiki. "Stress Response Pathways in Dairy Cattle: A Brief Review." International Science Review 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47285/isr.v1i1.28.
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Stress is an external event or condition that places a strain on a biological system. The animal response to stress involves the expenditure of energy to remove or reduce the impact of stress. This increases the maintenance requirements of the animal and results in loss of production. The biological response to stress is divided into acute and chronic phases, with the acute phase lasting hours to a few days, and the chronic phase lasting several days to weeks. The acute response is driven by homeostatic regulators of the nervous and endocrine systems and the chronic phase by homeorhetic regulators of the endocrine system. Both responses involve alterations in energy balance and metabolism. The thermal environment affects all animals and therefore represents the largest single stressor in animal production. Other types of stressors include housing conditions, overcrowding, social rank, disease, and toxic compounds. "Acclimation" to stress is a phenotypic response developed by the animal to an individual stressor within the environment. Acclimation is a homeorhetic process that takes several weeks to occur and occurs via homeorhetic, not homeostatic, mechanisms. It is a phenotypic change that disappears when the stress is removed. Milk yield and reproduction are extremely sensitive to stress because of the high energy and protein demands of lactation and the complexity of the reproductive process and multiple organs that are involved. Improvements in the protection of animals against stress require improved education of producers to recognize stress and methods for estimating the degree of stress on animals.
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Batra, T. R., M. Hidiroglou, and M. W. Smith. "Effect of vitamin E on incidence of mastitis in dairy cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-036.
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Incidence of mastitis was evaluated for 224 cows randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: vitamin E supplemented and control. Vitamin E supplementation was started at drying-off and continued up to 90 d of next lactation at the rate of 1000 IU per cow per day and was then reduced to 500 IU daily for the remaining lactation period. Data on the concentration of vitamin E in blood plasma and milk, incidence of mastitis, and reproductive traits were analyzed by the least squares procedure. The model included the fixed effects of breed, parity, treatment, breed × parity, breed × treatment, parity × treatment, year, season, and days dry as a covariate. Concentrations of vitamin E in blood plasma and milk were higher (P < 0.05) in supplemented cows than in control cows. Supplementation of diets with vitamin E significantly lowered milk somatic cell count on day 112 of lactation but did not reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis. Vitamin E supplementation had no significant effect on the incidence of retained placenta. Key words: Vitamin E, mastitis, reproduction, cows, dairy
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Erokhina, N. I., and L. A. Zernaeva. "IMPROVING THE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF CATTLE BY PREVENTING COPPER DEFICIENCY IN THE BODY." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 2(30) (December 3, 2020): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2020-2-170-177.
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In the dairy cattle breeding of the Russian Federation, there are unresolved problems associated with the reproduction of the herd, which significantly affect the economic component of this subsector of animal husbandry. One of the factors causing impaired reproductive function in animals is the lack of copper in the body. The presented materials indicate the importance of the prevention of copper deficiency in animals and further research in the field of the biological effect of this microelement on reproductive function.
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Fleming, Allison, Emhimad A. Abdalla, Christian Maltecca, and Christine F. Baes. "Invited review: Reproductive and genomic technologies to optimize breeding strategies for genetic progress in dairy cattle." Archives Animal Breeding 61, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-61-43-2018.
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Abstract. Dairy cattle breeders have exploited technological advances that have emerged in the past in regards to reproduction and genomics. The implementation of such technologies in routine breeding programs has permitted genetic gains in traditional milk production traits as well as, more recently, in low-heritability traits like health and fertility. As demand for dairy products increases, it is important for dairy breeders to optimize the use of available technologies and to consider the many emerging technologies that are currently being investigated in various fields. Here we review a number of technologies that have helped shape dairy breeding programs in the past and present, along with those potentially forthcoming. These tools have materialized in the areas of reproduction, genotyping and sequencing, genetic modification, and epigenetics. Although many of these technologies bring encouraging opportunities for genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations, their applications and benefits need to be weighed with their impacts on economics, genetic diversity, and society.
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Bousquet, D., E. B. Burnside, and B. J. Van Doormaal. "Biotechnologies of reproduction applied to dairy cattle production: Embryo transfer and IVF." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-025.
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The objective of this paper is to review the utilization and outcome of reproductive biotechnologies in dairy cattle. Embryo transfer and IVF have their respective limits that influence their impact on a genetic improvement program. Embryo transfer is efficient and profitable in an artificial insemination breeding and selection program and IVF has great potential. Development of markers highly correlated with various economic traits will progressively be added to the present schemes to make them even more powerful. Key words: Reproductive technologies, embryo transfer, IVF, dairy cows, genetic
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Chegini, Arash, Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh, Seyed Hossein Hosseini Moghaddam, and Abdol Ahad Shadparvar. "Appropriate selection indices for functional traits in dairy cattle breeding schemes." Journal of Dairy Research 86, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029918000821.
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AbstractThe objective of this study was to establish different single or multiple trait selection indices to calculate genetic and economic gains by combining some production, reproduction and udder health traits in a population similar to the overall practical situation in Iran, with and without imposing restrictions on genetic change for some traits. The SelAction software was used to perform the analyses based on selection index theory through a deterministic model. Results indicated that among established indices, the index that showed the highest genetic gain for milk yield did not maximize the total genetic and economic gains. Rather, the index that included all production, reproduction and udder health traits yielded the highest genetic and economic gains. When we placed restriction on the selection indices, the economic gain decreased and the amount of reduction depended on the heritability and the correlation of restricted trait(s) with other traits. Generally, regarding the economic genetic gain per generation, the indices based on records of 200 offspring were 4.819% more efficient than those that used information of 100 offspring.
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Whitfield, Lisa. "The early gestation period and long returns to oestrus in cattle." Livestock 24, no. 3 (May 2, 2019): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2019.24.3.118.
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The fertility of dairy cattle has declined over the last 30 years. As a push for higher milk production has taken place, consideration of the negative impact on fertility has not been sufficiently addressed. As a result, it has become even more important for veterinarians to have a good understanding of normal reproduction processes in cattle, so that every cow has the best opportunity to reproduce successfully. This article aims to explore the early gestation period in dairy cattle, and some of the mechanisms of prolonged returns to oestrus when pregnancy is not established.
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Nowicki, Arkadiusz, Wojciech Barański, Agnieszka Baryczka, and Tomasz Janowski. "OvSynch protocol and its modifications in the reproduction management of dairy cattle herds – an update." Journal of Veterinary Research 61, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2017-0043.
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Abstract Current knowledge about the function of the reproductive tract and appropriate use of hormonal drugs affords control of the oestrus cycle of cows. One of the hormonal protocols is OvSynch, which enables artificial insemination (AI) to be performed at the precise optimum time without control of the ovaries and uterus. Use of such protocols in reproductive management allows oestrus cycles to be synchronised and cows to be effectively inseminated without oestrous detection, which is time-consuming and difficult in farms with numerous cows. Therefore, OvSynch has become the first management tool for AI and is an alternative method to heat detection. Over the 20 years since its first implementation, OvSynch has been modified many times to improve its reproduction outcomes and widen its use. Besides its original use for heat synchronisation, it is also used in many ovarian disorders as a therapeutic method. This review article describes the possibilities which OvSynch provides, its current modifications, various applications, and the advantages and disadvantages of its use in practice.
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Krpálková, Lenka, Victor E. Cabrera, Ludmila Zavadilová, and Miloslava Štípková. "The importance of hoof health in dairy production." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 3 (March 12, 2019): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/27/2018-cjas.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of hoof health on reproduction and production performance, somatic cell count, and longevity in dairy cattle. The data set consisted of records from 19 145 dairy cows at 11 dairy farms in the Czech Republic during years 1998 to 2016. Observations were grouped according to the number of hoof disease (HD) incidence. Each record included a binary variable indicating if HD was observed. The prevalence (% of all cows) observed with HD and its changes according to parity, milk yield, and calving interval were calculated. Great variability among farms was observed. HD detected in the first month of first lactation was associated with 1.5 kg/day lower milk yield and 58 000 cell/ml higher somatic cell count during first lactation. HD detected in the first month of second lactation was associated with 2.6 kg/day lower milk yield and 45 000 cell/ml higher somatic cell count during second lactation. Results from completed lactations showed that observed HD was associated with significantly lower milk yield: 124 kg less during first lactation and 308 kg less during second lactation. Reproductive performance was the poorest in the group with the highest number of HD observations (frequency) within a single lactation (≥ 4). The higher the number of HD frequency per lactation, the greater was the negative association on production and reproductive performance.
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Freeman, A. E. "Breeding programs in dairy cattle - current and future considerations." BSAP Occasional Publication 12 (1988): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00003335.
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Methods of evaluating dairy cattle using mixed models with Best Linear Unbiased Prediction properties have progressed from the sire model to the animal model. Definitions of effects in models need refinement, particularly for contemporary groups. Pedigree selection and progeny testing is the standard for producing sires used in artificial insemination, but multiple ovulation and embryo transfer schemes are being tried. Efficient production is necessary under conditions of surplus. Efficiency can be achieved by higher production per cow and reducing costs by improved reproduction, increased herd life, reduced health costs, and reduced dystocia. Preferential treatment is a major problem. New biotechnological developments such as bovine somatotropin, mitochondrial genetics, sexing semen, embryo transfers, cloning, transgenic animals, and markers are considered as potential new technologies that may be useful for dairy cattle improvement.
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Ruban, S. Yu, V. O. Danshin, A. A. Kyrii, and T. V. Litvinenko. "EFFICIENCY OF REPRODUCTION OF DAIRY CATTLE WITH APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS." Animal Science and Food Technology 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/animal2020.01.077.
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Smith, R. L., R. L. Strawderman, Y. H. Schukken, S. J. Wells, A. K. Pradhan, L. A. Espejo, R. H. Whitlock, et al. "Effect of Johne's disease status on reproduction and culling in dairy cattle." Journal of Dairy Science 93, no. 8 (August 2010): 3513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2742.
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Kalmagambetov, Murat B., Abzal A. Spanov, Aleidar S. Alentayev, and Dastanbek A. Baimukanov. "Efficiency of the use of sexed semen in the dairy cattle reproduction." Vestnik of the Mari State University. Chapter “Agriculture. Economics” 7, no. 1 (2021): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30914/2411-9687-2021-7-1-40-49.
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Toure, Abdoulaye, Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux, Fikremariam Geda, Ali Kouriba, Diakaridia Traore, Bakary Traore, Pascal Leroy, and Nassim Moula. "Phenotypic parameters affecting reproduction and production performances of dairy cattle in peri-urban of Bamako, Mali." Veterinary World 12, no. 6 (June 2019): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.817-822.
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Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the reproduction and production performances of crossbred and local dairy cattle in peri-urban of Bamako, the capital of Mali. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 randomly selected households with 450 dairy cattle from four peri-urban of Bamako were individually interviewed, given register format and divided into four focus group discussions. The participants were dairy farmers and they were asked to know the phenotype that seems to them the more interesting for the reproduction and production performances of their dairy cattle. Results: The calving interval (CI) obtained exceeded 433 days in all phenotypic types with average milk yields of 5.13±1.84 kg/day, 4.76±2.41, and 3.05±1.32 kg/day, respectively, for the Holstein crossbred, Montbeliard crossbred, and the local breeds (Zebu Peul and/or Zebu Maure). Crossbred was more productive than local breeds with significant (p<0.05) differences for lactation length, CI and total production and not significant on parity. The results also showed the advantages of the crossbred cows in terms of CI (460±80 days) compared to local zebus breeds (433±115 days) to keep the time of milking as long as possible. However, the Zebu Azawak breed whose cradle is located in Northern Mali, managed under extensive peri-urban rearing conditions, has less favorable production parameters than those of other local cattle breeds in milk production (636±43.3 kg vs. 681±41.1 kg). Conclusion: The present study revealed that crossbred dairy cattle performed better in terms of CI, lactation length, and production compared to the local breeds. The study also showed that the local Azawak breed numerically performed less compared to the other local breeds evaluated in this study, namely, Peul and Maure.
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NIE, JING, GUI-QUAN SUN, XIANG-DONG SUN, JUAN ZHANG, NAN WANG, YOU-MING WANG, CHAO-JIAN SHEN, BAO-XU HUANG, and ZHEN JIN. "MODELING THE TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF DAIRY CATTLE BRUCELLOSIS IN JILIN PROVINCE, CHINA." Journal of Biological Systems 22, no. 04 (November 11, 2014): 533–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021833901450020x.
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Dairy cattle brucellosis is a chronic bacterial disease, which is caused by Brucella abortus and mainly characterized by abortion in dairy cattle. With the rapid development of breeding industry of milk cows in China, the infectious cases of dairy cattle brucellosis show an increasing trend. Particularly in Jilin province, the annual number of the positive cases of dairy cattle was only 3 cows in 1987, and went up to 168 cows in 2005. Based on the situation of the brucellosis infection in Jilin province, we propose an Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Virus (SEIV) dynamical model with outside transferred amount to describe the transmission of brucellosis amongst dairy cattle in this paper. We calculate the basic reproduction number R0 and prove that the equilibria are globally stable. Moreover, using the real data of nearly 20 years in Jilin province, we estimate the parameter values in the system. As a result, we can predict the number of infections as time increases. According to the prediction for the next 30 years, we can conclude that the disease will persist if we just take existing measures. If culling, sterilizing and decreasing the number of outer importing are used together, dairy cattle brucellosis will be well controlled.
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Іlyashenko, G. D. "DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN KIROVOGRAD REGION." Animal Breeding and Genetics 57 (April 24, 2019): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.57.08.
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Dairy cattle breeding is one of the leading livestock sectors whose purpose is to ensure the production of high quality dairy raw materials in volumes meeting the scientifically grounded standards of state food security and expanding the export potential of the agrarian sector.
The purpose of our research was to study the status and prospects of dairy cattle breeding in the Kirovograd region.
Material and methods of research. The research was carried out on the basis of the electronic database of breeding goals (including 2312 cows), official statistics and estimates of cattle of various breeds that are involved in the production of dairy direction in the breeding farms of the Kirovograd region. The analysis used zootechnical and statistical methods. The calculations were carried out using the software package "STATISTICA-6,1"
Results. According to the research (2001–2018), the cattle population in the Kirovograd oblast decreased by a factor of 2.6. Thus, as of January 1, 2018, its number constituted 96.3 thousand heads in all categories of farms, 53.1 thousand of them were cows, the number of which also decreased by 2.4 times. Specific gravity of cattle population of farms remains significant and makes up 72.7%, and 80.6% in the livestock of cows. The largest number of cows of agricultural enterprises declined significantly. Thus, as of January 1, 2018, their number was 10.3 thousand goals, which is 4.7 times less than in the same period of 2001. In the households there is also a tendency for a permanent reduction of cows, the difference is, respectively, 37.0 thousand heads or 46.4%
The development of dairy cattle breeding is characterized by two opposite tendencies: reduction of livestock of cows and increase of their productivity. Thus, in agricultural enterprises in 2010, compared to 2000, hopes per cow increased by 2.5 times, in all categories of farms by 1.8 times. In 2017, the increase in dairy costs in agricultural enterprises compared to 2010 amounted to 60.0% in farms of all categories 12.2%.
The researches found that in the agricultural enterprises of the oblast as of January 1, 2018 there are 26256 head of cattle, including 10281 cows. The breeding part of the existing cows is 3.013 heads, 29.3% of the total number located in 10 breeding farms.
The analysis of the genealogy structure showed that the experimental population of cows belongs to 18 lines and related groups of which the most numerous Chifa 1427381 – 20.4%, Starbuck 352790 – 20.1%, Henev 1629391 – 18.6% , Eleusis 1491007 – 11.2%, Family 267150 – 10.8%.
Among the indicated lines, the lowest level of milk productivity was first-born cows. The 1491007, the milk of milk for 305 days of lactation was 4466 ± 99.8 kg, and the milk fat was 168.2 ± 6.5 kg. Analogues l Starbak 352779 was characterized by the highest milk productivity, its level was 5696 + 98.8 kg and 224.9 ± 9.7 kg, respectively. The difference in stomach was 1230 ± 140.4 kg (td = 10.2) and at the release of milk fat 56.7 ± 5.28 kg (td = 10.2) at P < 0.001. However, the latter were markedly less service life (125 against 168 days) and logically higher reproduction rate compared to other lines.
An analysis of the intensity of the formation of live weight of young animals has been established for its highest growth in heifers of controlled herds in the period from 9 to 12 months. Thus, in animals of Ukrainian red breed, the growth rate of live weight during this period was 75 kg, Ukrainian red-shrimp 61 kg, Ukrainian black-and-white 73 kg, Holstein 76 kg. Accordingly, during this period, the average daily gain of live weight of young breeds of these breeds was 833 g; 678 g; 811 g, 835 g. The sharp fluctuations of average daily increments during growing periods, first of all, testify to the unequal conditions of growing and feeding young animals than the breed differences. In general, as a result of the analysis of the formation of live weight of heifers, a significant level of phenotypic variability was observed, which confirms sufficient genetic resources and preconditions for selection on the given sign.
Therefore, proceeding from the above, in the long run, selection work for breeding improvement of cattle breeding farms of the Kirovograd region should be conducted in accordance with certain promising directions according to groups of breeds.
Conclusions. A very important factor in the growth of milk production in the Kirovograd region is high-yield pedigree cattle. The main task on the way of bringing breeding cases in dairy farming to the modern level is the introduction of computer breeding records in breeding farms. This will allow to estimate in the near future bulls-pedigrees, which were used in the past in these farms, to allocate among them complex improvers for precisely the specific conditions and maximally attract them for reproduction. On the other hand, a reliable clogging of poor quality in the genetic sense of sperm production, which leads to negative consequences, will be posed.
When establishing the assessment of the breeding value of bulls and developing a single plan of breeding and breeding work in the region, one can proceed to the next step of improving breeding and breeding business, introducing a progressive method of raising the breeding value of animals of large-scale breeding. As a result, the profit from the breeding of highly productive animals, well adapted to specific conditions, will significantly exceed the costs. At the same time, the proposed measures will allow the breeding business to be brought up to the modern world level and stimulate highly productive cattle breeding.
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Hulík, Michal, and Ladislav Zeman. "Effects of Mycotoxin Sequestering Agents Added Into Feed on Health, Reproduction and Milk Yield of Dairy Cattle." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 3 (2014): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462030495.
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Effects of mycotoxin sequestering agents in feed on health, reproduction and milk yield of dairy cattle were studied in a 5-month long experiment on 300 dairy cows divided into two groups and six subgroups. The experiment was conducted in adding a mycotoxin sequestering agent based on 1,3 and 1,6 β-glucans to standard cattle nutrition (TMR), which was regularly tested for content of important mycotoxins, in order to gain knowledge about possible positive effect of this agent on the health of dairy cattle and about possible avoidance of negative effects of mycotoxins on dairy cattle due to their structural elimination caused by the agent. The experiment’s setting and conditions during it were in all aspects common and comparable within the European Union, the experiment’s results should be therefore seen as relevant. Health, pregnancy rate and milk yield were carefully monitored during the experiment. Indicators of state of health (occurrence of mastitis and somatic cell count in milk) did not show any significant differences between test and control groups of dairy cows. The average milk yield of dairy cows which were fed the agent enriched feed (30.2 kg a day) was slightly lower in comparison to control groups (31 kg a day, both results with P < 0.001), however, fat content of milk of test groups’ cows (4.02%) was considerably higher than that of control groups’ cows (3.79%). The average pregnancy rate of cows which were fed the agent enriched feed also manifested considerable increase in percentage and stability (from 42.95% of control groups’ cows to 62.25% of test groups’ cows, the standard deviation decreased from 21.1% to 14.4% which means smaller differences among pregnancy rate of test groups’ cows, hence higher stability), this increase manifested even long after the cows had been fed regular feed again.
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D. Indira, J. Suresh, and Y. Ravindra reddy. "Accurate heat detection and health monitoring of cattle by SCR sense neck collar." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0460.
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Heat detection in dairy cattle is most important step in successful running of Dairy farms. But due to failure of heat detection at right time the dairy farms running under loss. To overcome this problem the Dodla Dairy at Pulivendula, Kadapa district introduced Heat Detection and Health monitoring SCR cSense Flex Neck Tag which aids in precision dairy farming by accurate detection of heat and monitoring animal activity status. After introduction of this new technology there were a lot of changes noticed and achieved the targeted results in terms of reproduction, health, nutrition, cow comfort and labor.
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Opsomer, G., M. Van Eetvelde, M. Kamal, and A. Van Soom. "Epidemiological evidence for metabolic programming in dairy cattle." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd16410.
Full textAbstract:
In humans, there is evidence that metabolic diseases occurring in later life arise in utero as a result of programming of key endocrine systems during suboptimal intrauterine conditions. The process by which prenatal insults lead to permanent changes in tissue structure and function, and finally to low birthweight (BW), is known as developmental programming. Poor nutrition, environmental temperature, oxygen availability and overnutrition all have been shown to significantly affect intrauterine development. Because the placenta is the organ for communication between mother and fetus, placental insufficiency invariably affects embryonic development and health in later life. In order to optimise their income, dairy farmers inseminate their nulliparous heifers at adolescent age, and subsequently strive for calving intervals not longer than 380 days. Hence, heifers are still growing and multiparous animals are still yielding large quantities of milk while pregnant. Dairy cows heavily selected for milk yield have specific endocrinological characteristics, like low peripheral insulin levels and low peripheral insulin sensitivity, both contributing to safeguard glucose for milk production. The reverse of this advanced selection is the high incidence of a wide range of metabolic diseases. Evidence from epidemiological studies is now available demonstrating that milk yield during gestation and environmental factors, such as season of pregnancy and parturition, affect both the size and the intermediary metabolism of the neonatal calf. The latter suggests that further optimisation in terms of production, reproduction, general health and longevity in the dairy sector may be feasible by taking into account environmental factors occurring during pregnancy.
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Haresign, W. "The use of field trials in reproduction research - experiences with melatonin in sheep and milk progesterone measurement in dairy cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600018201.
Full textAbstract:
Because field trials often necessitate less detailed measurments than are possible in a true research environment, they are often believed to represent a poorer form of science. However, this is a very short-sighted view because there are particular benefits to be derived from carefully designed and conducted field trials which cannot be satisfied by smaller, more detailed studies.Within the context of reproduction research the objective is to understand the basic physiological mechanisms controlling reproduction, and to identify the nature and extent of reproductive wastage and its causes. The logical extension of this is to develop appropriate treatment strategies to overcome these limitations, some of which may be satisfied by changes in animal management while others will require recourse to pharmaceutical manipulation.